Fish feed containing aquaculture substrate byproducts and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a fish feed containing aquaculture substrate byproducts, a preparation method and an application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fish feeds. The fish feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35-65 parts of aquaculture substrate byproducts, 5-35 parts of soybean meal, 15-35 parts of wheat bran, 15-35 parts of rice bran, 1-3 parts of soybean oil, 0.1-0.3 parts of composite multi-minerals, and 0.1-0.3 parts of composite vitamins; the feed also comprises a microbial agent, and the ratio of the microbial agent to the aquaculture substrate byproduct and the soybean meal mixture is 1:(90-110). The invention not only reduces the pressure of tail water treatment in the high-density aquaculture industry, but also reduces the breeding cost through the resource utilization of aquaculture sediments, increases the economic benefit, and has a simple process and broad application prospects, thereby providing a guarantee for the healthy development of the high-density aquaculture industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fish feed, and in particular to a fish feed containing aquaculture substrate byproducts, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] In recent decades, aquaculture technology has gradually emerged, achieving high yield and high efficiency through the control of environmental factors. It supplements the shortcomings of marine fishing and meets people's needs for aquatic products and the need to protect aquatic biological resources. However, since the current aquaculture method mainly uses frequent water changes to improve the water ecological environment of fish, its demand for water resources is relatively large. In addition, a large amount of sludge, fish excrement and residual feed at the bottom of the breeding system enters the sewage treatment system with the tail water. The treatment of tail water not only brings huge economic pressure to the breeding industry, but also brings environmental pressure.

[0003] The main components of aquaculture bottom byproducts are fish excrement, bottom mud and feed mixture, etc., which have very high nutritional value. According to relevant experimental studies, the feces of the New Gift Tilapia with a body weight of 20-30g / tail has a crude protein content of 21.78% and a crude ash content of 25.5%; the feces of the young Siniperca chuatsi cultured at 26℃ has a protein content of 25.11%±1.31%. It can be seen that the protein content in fish feces exceeds that of many raw materials, and the nutritional value is very high when combined with residual feed. Taking dace feed as an example, the protein content of dace bait in current production is basically concentrated in the range of 20% to 33%, with a higher protein content in the seedling stage and a slightly lower protein content in the middle and late stages. In terms of protein content, the protein in fish feces can basically meet the growth of dace. However, pure aquaculture substrate by-products may contain pathogens, lack of some nutritional types and poor palatability, so they cannot be used directly as feed. They need to be processed by combining with other nutrients such as corn flour, soybean cake, rice bran and wheat bran before they can be used as feed.

[0004] In the aquaculture industry, the main cost in production cost is feed cost. Reducing feed cost is the key to increasing the benefits of the aquaculture industry. Using aquaculture bottom sediment byproducts to prepare feed can not only reduce raw material costs, but also reduce the pressure of tailwater treatment in farms. The process is simple and easy, and has a good prospect for industrial application. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the problems existing in the related art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a fish feed containing aquaculture bottom sediment by-products and a preparation method thereof, which not only reduces the pressure of tail water treatment in the high-density aquaculture industry, but also the resource utilization of aquaculture bottom sediment reduces the aquaculture cost and increases the economic benefit. The process is simple and the application prospect is broad, which provides a guarantee for the healthy development of the high-density aquaculture industry.

[0006] A fish feed containing aquaculture substrate byproducts and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0007] 35-65 parts of aquaculture substrate by-products, 5-35 parts of soybean meal, 15-35 parts of wheat bran, 15-35 parts of rice bran, 1-3 parts of soybean oil, 0.1-0.3 parts of compound multi-minerals, 0.1-0.3 parts of compound vitamins;

[0008] It also includes a microbial agent, wherein the mass ratio of the microbial agent to the mixture of aquaculture substrate byproducts and soybean meal is 1:(90-110).

[0009] In a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the water content of the aquaculture substrate byproduct is less than 40%;

[0010] In a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the aquaculture substrate byproducts contain 40-60% fish excrement, 20-40% bottom mud, and 20-30% residual feed;

[0011] In a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the microbial agent is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis and Candida utilis; preferably, both Bacillus subtilis and Candida utilis are from laboratory preserved strains.

[0012] In a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the mass mixing ratio of the Bacillus subtilis and the Candida utilis is 10:(8-12); preferably, the mass mixing ratio of the Bacillus subtilis and the Candida utilis is 1:1.

[0013] In a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the composite multi-ore includes one or more metal elements of copper Cu, iron Fe, zinc Zn, manganese Mn, and selenium Se;

[0014] In a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the content of each component in the composite multi-mineral product per kilogram is:

[0015] Copper Cu 2500-7000mg, iron Fe 3500-17500mg, zinc Zn 4500-10000mg, manganese Mn 1000-6000mg, selenium Se 100-500mg; preferably, the composite multi-mineral is aquatic multi-mineral produced by Vinuozhongyang.

[0016] In a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the compound vitamin includes one or more of vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, niacinamide, folic acid, calcium pantothenate, biotin, microbial C, and inositol;

[0017] In a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the content of each component in the composite multi-mineral product per kilogram is:

[0018] Vitamin A 900000-3000000I U, Vitamin D3450000-1000000I U, Vitamin E 5000-15000mg, Vitamin K31300-4500mg, Vitamin B1250-1000mg, Vitamin B2400-1500mg, Vitamin B62500-10000mg, Vitamin B124-10mg, Niacinamide 4000-20000mg, Folic acid 400-1500mg, Calcium pantothenate 2500-9000mg, Biotin 10-20mg, Vitamin C 2000-10000mg, Inositol 3000-15000mg;

[0019] Preferably, the multivitamin is aquatic multivitamin produced by Vinuo Zhongyang.

[0020] The present invention also provides a method for preparing fish feed containing aquaculture substrate byproducts, comprising the following steps:

[0021] S1. Dehydrate the aquaculture substrate byproducts using a filter press to reduce its moisture content to less than 40%;

[0022] S2. Take the microbial agent and the aquaculture substrate byproduct and soybean meal mixture in a mass ratio of 1: (90-110), mix evenly and ferment at 26-32 ° C for 12-48 hours;

[0023] S3. The fermented aquaculture substrate byproducts and soybean meal mixture with rice bran, wheat bran, multivitamins, multi-mineral and soybean oil crushed and stirred evenly, through a 30-50 mesh sieve to obtain a crushed mixture;

[0024] S4. The crushed mixture is put into a granulator to be extruded into particles with a particle size range of 1-4 mm, and then dried and stored at 40-60°C.

[0025] In a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the S2. aquaculture substrate byproducts and soybean meal mixture are fermented to a strain density of 2.8×10 8 -17.1×10 8 cfu / g;

[0026] Method for detecting bacterial strain density: Take 1g of the fermentation product and dissolve it in pure water, use the dilution coating plate method to detect the bacterial strain density of the fermentation product, and measure the bacterial strain density.

[0027] Another object of the present invention is to provide a use of fish feed containing aquaculture substrate by-products in raising fish animals.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0029] 1. The fish feed containing aquaculture substrate byproducts and the preparation method thereof provided by the present invention have simple and easy operation procedures, no need to add additional chemical agents, and the preparation process is green and environmentally friendly;

[0030] 2. The present invention can reuse the byproducts of aquaculture substrate, reducing the outbreak of farmed animal diseases caused by the long-term retention of fish excrement and residual feed in the water body;

[0031] 3. The present invention makes use of the byproducts of aquaculture sediments, greatly reduces the environmental pollution caused by the tail water of fisheries, and protects the local environmental ecological functions;

[0032] 4. The present invention converts aquaculture bottom sediment byproducts into fish feed, which can greatly reduce the feed cost of fisheries and further expand the economic benefits of fisheries. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 is a graph showing the relationship between soybean meal fermentation time and viable bacterial count provided in Example 3 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 is a relationship diagram between the sediment (i.e., aquaculture substrate byproduct) and the number of viable bacteria provided in Example 3 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 The fish feed containing aquaculture substrate byproducts provided by Example 4 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] These examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The experimental methods in the following examples without specifying specific conditions are usually carried out according to conventional conditions in the art or according to the conditions recommended by the manufacturer; the raw materials, reagents, etc. used, unless otherwise specified, are all raw materials and reagents that can be obtained from commercial channels such as conventional markets. Any non-substantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the present invention are within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

[0037] The raw materials used in the following examples and comparative examples are as follows:

[0038] Bacillus subtilis: laboratory preserved strains

[0039] Candida utilis: laboratory collection

[0040] Soybean meal: purchased on the market, primary agricultural product

[0041] Rice bran: purchased in the market, primary agricultural product

[0042] Wheat bran: purchased in the market, primary agricultural product

[0043] Multivitamins: Vinuo Zhongyang, Aquatic Multivitamins

[0044] Compound multi-mineral: Vinuo multi-breeding, aquatic multi-mineral

[0045] Soybean oil: purchased in the market, primary agricultural product;

[0046] Control experimental group:

[0047] Buy a common tilapia feed on the market, the formula is as follows:

[0048] 45% rice bran, 35% bean cake, 10% silkworm pupa powder, 8% second powder, 1.5% bone meal, 0.5% salt. Feed the purchased feed to a single tilapia weighing about 350g. The water temperature is 25℃, the pH value of the water is 6.9, and the dissolved oxygen is 6.5mg / L. Feed continuously for one month, once at 9:30 in the morning and 6:00 in the afternoon. The daily feed is controlled at about 1%-2% of the fish's body weight. The amount of food consumed is measured by satiation. The actual daily food intake is recorded in detail. The fish tank is cleaned and discharged every day. Generally, the daily water change is 35% to 40%.

[0049] At the end of the experiment, after 24 hours of starvation, 6 tilapia were randomly sampled to measure their body length and weight. Growth effect measurement indicators:

[0050] Absolute weight gain = weight at the end of the test - weight at the beginning of the test;

[0051] Weight gain rate = (absolute weight gain / test starting weight) × 100%;

[0052] Daily weight gain = absolute weight gain / number of test days;

[0053] Fullness = fish weight (g) × 100 / [fish length (cm)] 3 ;

[0054] Viscera ratio = (viscera weight / fish body weight) × 100%;

[0055] Feed coefficient = total feed amount / total weight gain of fish;

[0056] The experimental results are shown in Table 1.

[0057] Table 1 Tilapia growth effect index determination

[0058]

[0059] Example 1

[0060] A method for making fish feed using aquaculture substrate byproducts comprises the following steps:

[0061] (1) Dehydration of aquaculture sediment by-products: Dehydrate the aquaculture sediment by-products through a filter press to reduce the water content to less than 40%.

[0062] (2) Grinding and stirring: 45 parts of dehydrated aquaculture substrate by-products, 20 parts of soybean meal, 25 parts of rice bran, and 25 parts of wheat bran are ground and stirred evenly, and passed through a 40-mesh sieve.

[0063] (3) Granulation and drying: The crushed raw materials are put into a granulator and extruded into granules with a particle size of 4 mm, and then dried and stored at 40-60°C.

[0064] Feed the dried feed to a single tilapia weighing about 350g, the water temperature is 25℃, the pH value of the water is 6.9, and the dissolved oxygen is 6.5mg / L. Feed continuously for one month, once at 9:30 in the morning and 6:00 in the afternoon, and control the daily feed to about 1%-2% of the fish body weight, and take satiation as the degree, and record the actual daily food intake in detail. Change the water and clean the fish tank every day, and drain the sewage. Generally, the daily water change volume is 35% to 40%.

[0065] At the end of the experiment, after 24 hours of starvation, 6 tilapia were randomly sampled to measure their body length and weight. Growth effect measurement indicators:

[0066] Absolute weight gain = weight at the end of the test - weight at the beginning of the test;

[0067] Weight gain rate = (absolute weight gain / test starting weight) × 100%;

[0068] Daily weight gain = absolute weight gain / number of test days;

[0069] Fullness = fish weight (g) × 100 / [fish length (cm)] 3 ;

[0070] Viscera ratio = (viscera weight / fish body weight) × 100%;

[0071] Feed coefficient = total feed amount / total weight gain of fish;

[0072] The experimental results are shown in Table 2.

[0073] Table 2 Tilapia growth effect index determination

[0074]

[0075] Example 2

[0076] A method for making fish feed using aquaculture substrate byproducts comprises the following steps:

[0077] (1) Dehydration of aquaculture sediment by-products: Dehydrate the aquaculture sediment by-products through a filter press to reduce the water content to less than 40%.

[0078] (2) Mixed fermentation: 45 parts of dehydrated aquaculture sediment by-products and 20 parts of soybean meal were mixed evenly, and a microbial agent was added at a mass ratio of 1:100 to the mixture of aquaculture sediment by-products and soybean meal. The microbial agent was a mixed bacterial liquid prepared by mixing Candida utilis and Bacillus subtilis at a mass ratio of 1:1. The mixture was evenly mixed and aerobically fermented at 26-32°C for 60 hours. The bacterial density after fermentation was greater than 20×10 8 cfu / g.

[0079] (3) Grinding and stirring: Grind and stir the fermented aquaculture substrate by-product and soybean meal mixture with 25 parts of rice bran and 25 parts of wheat bran, and pass through a 40-mesh sieve.

[0080] (4) Granulation and drying: The crushed raw materials are put into a granulator and extruded into granules with a particle size of 4 mm, and then dried and stored at 40-60°C.

[0081] Feed the dried feed to 350g tilapia in a water temperature of 25℃, pH value of 6.9, dissolved oxygen of 6.5mg / L. Feed continuously for one month, once at 9:30 am and 6:00 pm, feed the fish at 1%-2% of their body weight, take satiation as the degree, and record the actual daily food intake in detail. Change the water and drain the fish tank every day, generally changing 35% to 40% of the water every day.

[0082] At the end of the experiment, after 24 hours of starvation, 6 tilapia were randomly sampled to measure their body length and weight. Growth effect measurement indicators:

[0083] Absolute weight gain = weight at the end of the test - weight at the beginning of the test;

[0084] Weight gain rate = (absolute weight gain / test starting weight) × 100%;

[0085] Daily weight gain = absolute weight gain / number of test days;

[0086] Fullness = fish weight (g) × 100 / [fish length (cm)] 3 ;

[0087] Viscera ratio = (viscera weight / fish body weight) × 100%;

[0088] Feed coefficient = total feed amount / total weight gain of fish;

[0089] The experimental results are shown in Table 3.

[0090] Table 3 Tilapia growth effect index determination

[0091]

[0092] Example 3

[0093] A method for making fish feed using aquaculture substrate byproducts comprises the following steps:

[0094] (1) Dehydration of sediment: The byproducts of aquaculture sediments are dehydrated through a filter press to reduce the water content to less than 40%.

[0095] (2) Mixed fermentation: 20 parts of soybean meal and 10 parts of wheat bran were mixed evenly, and a microbial agent was added at a mass ratio of 1:100 to the mixture of wheat bran and soybean meal. The microbial agent was a mixed bacterial solution prepared by mixing Candida utilis and Bacillus subtilis at a mass ratio of 1:1. The mixture was evenly mixed and aerobically fermented at 26-32°C for 36 hours. The density of the Bacillus subtilis strain after fermentation was 10.3×10 8 cfu / g, the density of Candida utilis was 1.5×10 8 cfu / g. The density of bacteria during fermentation is shown in Figure 1 .

[0096] (3) Fermentation of aquaculture substrate byproducts: The fermented soybean meal and wheat bran mixture was mixed with 45 parts of aquaculture substrate byproducts, and water was added to make the moisture content reach 50%. The mixture was sealed and fermented for 9 hours at 32°C with some air retained. The density of the Bacillus subtilis strain after fermentation was 2.3×10 8 cfu / g, the density of Candida utilis strains is 0, and the strain density during the fermentation process is shown in Figure 2 .

[0097] (4) Mixing and granulation: The total product after fermentation is mixed with 15 parts of unfermented wheat bran and 25 parts of unfermented rice bran, crushed through a 40-mesh sieve after mixing, put into a granulator for extrusion into granules with a particle size of 4 mm, and dried and stored at 40-60°C.

[0098] Feed the dried feed to 350g tilapia in a water temperature of 25℃, pH value of 6.9, dissolved oxygen of 6.5mg / L. Feed continuously for one month, once at 9:30 am and 6:00 pm, feed the fish at 1%-2% of their body weight, take satiation as the degree, and record the actual daily food intake in detail. Change the water and drain the fish tank every day, generally changing 35% to 40% of the water every day.

[0099] At the end of the experiment, after 24 hours of starvation, 6 tilapia were randomly sampled to measure their body length and weight. Growth effect measurement indicators:

[0100] Absolute weight gain = weight at the end of the test - weight at the beginning of the test;

[0101] Weight gain rate = (absolute weight gain / test starting weight) × 100%;

[0102] Daily weight gain = absolute weight gain / number of test days;

[0103] Fullness = fish weight (g) × 100 / [fish length (cm)] 3 ;

[0104] Viscera ratio = (viscera weight / fish body weight) × 100%;

[0105] Feed coefficient = total feed amount / total weight gain of fish;

[0106] The experimental results are shown in Table 4.

[0107] Table 4 Tilapia growth effect index determination

[0108]

[0109] Example 4

[0110] (1) Dehydration of aquaculture sediment by-products: Dehydrate the aquaculture sediment by-products through a filter press to reduce the water content to less than 40%.

[0111] (2) Mixed fermentation: 45 parts of dehydrated aquaculture sediment by-products and 25 parts of soybean meal were mixed evenly, and a microbial agent was added at a mass ratio of 1:100 to the mixture of aquaculture sediment by-products and soybean meal. The microbial agent was a mixed bacterial liquid prepared by mixing Candida utilis and Bacillus subtilis at a mass ratio of 1:1. The mixture was evenly mixed and aerobically fermented at 26-32°C for 36 hours. The bacterial density was 16.5×10 8 cfu / g.

[0112] (3) Grinding and stirring: Grind and stir the fermented aquaculture substrate by-product and soybean meal mixture with 25 parts of unfermented rice bran, 25 parts of unfermented wheat bran, 3 parts of soybean oil, 0.3 parts of multivitamins and 0.3 parts of multi-minerals, and pass through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain a pulverized mixture.

[0113] (4) Granulation and drying: The pulverized mixture is put into a granulator and extruded into granules with a particle size of 4 mm, and then dried and stored at 40-60°C; see attached Figure 3 .

[0114] Feed the dried feed to 350g tilapia in a water temperature of 25℃, pH value of 6.9, dissolved oxygen of 6.5mg / L. Feed continuously for one month, once at 9:30 am and 6:00 pm, feed the fish at 1%-2% of their body weight, take satiation as the degree, and record the actual daily food intake in detail. Change the water and drain the fish tank every day, generally changing 35% to 40% of the water every day.

[0115] At the end of the experiment, after 24 hours of starvation, 6 tilapia were randomly sampled to measure their body length and weight. Growth effect measurement indicators:

[0116] Absolute weight gain = weight at the end of the test - weight at the beginning of the test;

[0117] Weight gain rate = (absolute weight gain / test starting weight) × 100%;

[0118] Daily weight gain = absolute weight gain / number of test days;

[0119] Fullness = fish weight (g) × 100 / [fish length (cm)] 3 ;

[0120] Viscera ratio = (viscera weight / fish body weight) × 100%;

[0121] Feed coefficient = total feed amount / total weight gain of fish;

[0122] The experimental results are shown in Table 5.

[0123] Table 5 Tilapia growth effect index determination

[0124]

[0125] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant description of other embodiments. The embodiments of the present application have been described above. The above description is exemplary, not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments, many modifications and changes are obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art. The choice of terms used in this article is intended to best explain the principles of the embodiments, practical applications or improvements to the technology in the market, or to enable other ordinary technicians in the technical field to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A fish feed containing aquaculture substrate byproducts, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35-65 parts of aquaculture substrate by-products, 5-35 parts of soybean meal, 15-35 parts of wheat bran, 15-35 parts of rice bran, 1-3 parts of soybean oil, 0.1-0.3 parts of compound multi-minerals, 0.1-0.3 parts of compound vitamins; It also includes a microbial agent, wherein the mass ratio of the microbial agent to the mixture of aquaculture substrate byproducts and soybean meal is 1:(90-110); The aquaculture substrate byproducts include 40-60% fish excrement, 20-40% bottom mud, and 20-30% residual feed; The microbial agent is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis and Candida utilis; The mass mixing ratio of the Bacillus subtilis and the Candida utilis is 10:(8-12); The method for preparing fish feed containing aquaculture substrate byproducts comprises the following steps: S1. Dehydrate the aquaculture substrate byproducts using a filter press to reduce its moisture content to less than 40%; S2. Take the microbial agent and the aquaculture substrate byproduct and soybean meal mixture in a mass ratio of 1: (90-110), mix evenly and ferment at 26-32 ° C for 12-48 hours; S3. The fermented aquaculture substrate byproducts and soybean meal mixture with rice bran, wheat bran, multivitamins, multi-mineral and soybean oil crushed and stirred evenly, through a 30-50 mesh sieve to obtain a crushed mixture; S4. The crushed mixture is put into a granulator and extruded into particles with a particle size range of 1-4 mm, and dried and stored at 40-60 ° C; The S2. aquaculture substrate byproducts and soybean meal mixture were fermented, and the strain density was 2.8×10 8 -17.1×10 8 cfu / g.

2. The fish feed containing aquaculture substrate byproducts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite multi-mineral includes one or more metal elements of copper Cu, iron Fe, zinc Zn, manganese Mn, and selenium Se.

3. The fish feed containing aquaculture substrate byproducts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The complex vitamins include one or more of vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, niacinamide, folic acid, calcium pantothenate, biotin, microbial C, and inositol.

4. Use of the fish feed containing aquaculture substrate byproducts according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in raising fish animals.

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