Upwardly inclined integrated grate

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of grates for solid waste incineration furnaces, and discloses an upward-sloping integrated grate, comprising integrated grate plates, integrated movable grate plates, and inclined side beam assemblies on both sides. The integrated grate plates and integrated movable grate plates are arranged side by side between the side beam assemblies. A movable support plate is located below the integrated grate plates, and movable grate plates are connected at the joints of adjacent movable support plates. The movable grate plates and integrated grate plates are arranged alternately side by side. A drive assembly is connected to the bottom of the movable support plate. The grate heads on adjacent integrated grate plates and movable grate plates are arranged in a staggered left-right and front-back configuration, with the rear end of the grate head facing the high end of the side beam assembly. This invention provides a staggered grate head arrangement on the upward-sloping integrated grate surface, resulting in a comprehensive separation effect on the waste material layer. This allows the staggered primary air to penetrate the material layer more easily, enhancing material drying and combustion rates. It also simplifies the component and system assembly structure, significantly reduces the risk of slag leakage and blockage, and effectively shortens the installation and maintenance cycle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of grate incinerators for solid waste incineration, and specifically to an upward-sloping integrated grate. Background Technology

[0002] Existing waste treatment technologies mainly include incineration, sanitary landfill, composting, and waste recycling. Among conventional waste treatment technologies, incineration has advantages such as significant volume reduction, thorough harmlessness, small land occupation, utilization of waste heat energy, and less secondary pollution, which aligns with my country's strategic requirements for sustainable development.

[0003] The most important component of a waste incinerator is the grate system. The grate system is responsible for transporting waste within the furnace, while also improving the mixing and agitation of waste with air, thereby increasing combustion efficiency.

[0004] Various types of incinerator grates have now been developed, especially the so-called reciprocating grate incinerator. The reciprocating grate system mainly consists of fixed grate groups and movable grate groups. The basic unit of a grate group is a single grate bar, which are connected in rows or columns to form a grate group. Ultimately, numerous grate bars overlap regularly like roof tiles, forming the support structure for waste combustion. The movable grate bars and integrated grate bars that can move back and forth alternately, and their relative movement causes the waste to move forward and backward. On a reciprocating grate, the waste layer is intensely and continuously turned and agitated, causing the waste layer to repeatedly loosen and rearrange.

[0005] Currently, Chinese municipal solid waste is characterized by low calorific value and high moisture content. To ensure a stable incinerator outlet temperature above 850℃, a sufficiently high layer of waste needs to be piled on the grate. Therefore, the grate bars must be able to rotate, agitate, and loosen the entire waste layer in all directions to shorten drying time and improve combustion efficiency. Simultaneously, due to the high moisture content and complex composition of Chinese municipal solid waste, it is prone to clumping and forming clumps during drying and combustion. Therefore, the grate bars must also reduce the likelihood of clumping and caking, ensuring that the waste within the clumps has sufficient contact with the primary air, achieving thorough drying and complete combustion, thereby reducing the loss on ignition.

[0006] Over the years, various structural forms of grates have emerged. For example, the structure adopted by patent CN101929679A is supported on both sides by side beams. The side beams are connected by fixed crossbeams passing through the slots at the tail of the same row of integrated grate plates to form a fixed grate plate. The movable crossbeams pass through the slots at the tail of the same row of movable grate plates to form a movable grate plate. The movable grate plate and the fixed grate plate overlap front and back and are arranged alternately to form a grate. This type of grate structure requires multiple grate bars in both the horizontal and vertical directions, resulting in numerous installation and connection points and cumbersome assembly. Gaps exist between adjacent horizontal grate bars and between the grate and the side beams, making it easy for slag to leak and causing obstruction of the moving structure below. Excessive air leakage leads to excessively fast local combustion. When the movable grate bars are stacked on top of the fixed grate bars, they rub against each other repeatedly, resulting in numerous sliding pairs. After long-term operation, wear can easily cause the movable grate bars to become stuck, and in severe cases, the grate bars may break. The primary air supply is entirely provided by the air chamber below, and the primary air can even enter the furnace through the gaps between the grate bars. The primary air supply is dispersed, and the heat near the waste layer is easily carried by the primary air to flow quickly into the furnace, affecting the drying and combustion efficiency of the waste layer. As an outer structure, the side beams allow the heat generated by waste combustion to easily dissipate outwards, and the side beams operate at high temperatures, which is detrimental to temperature control within the incinerator.

[0007] For example, patent CN205227334U discloses a reverse-push type turning grate, including several longitudinally staggered fixed grate plates and sliding grate plates. The top of the sliding grate plates overlaps with the middle and rear ends of the fixed grate plates, with the sliding grate plates positioned above the fixed grate plates. The sliding grate plates turn in the opposite direction to push fuel to the top of the fixed grate plates. In this structure, the fuel automatically turns over when pushed to the top of the grate plates, turning over the waste. The movement of the grate plates can only agitate and disperse the waste at or near the bottom layer. However, there is a risk of material tipping over at the top of the fixed grate plates and the sliding grate plates. Furthermore, the mixing of the upper layer of waste with the surrounding waste is poor, and there may be local material cessation, or the waste may clump together, roll, or slide, resulting in poor combustion and burnout in the subsequent process, and a high loss on ignition rate. Similar to traditional layouts and installations, it still suffers from the same risks of slag leakage, air leakage, and jamming as traditional grate structures.

[0008] For example, patent CN215929570U describes a combined grate device and a waste incinerator. The combined grate device includes a reciprocating grate and a drum grate. The reciprocating grate includes multiple fixed grate plates and movable grate plates arranged alternately along the waste conveying direction, with the movable grate plates reciprocating. While the description of the grate plate structure and grate assembly in this patent is vague, it is essentially similar to traditional arrangements and installations, and still carries the same risks of slag leakage, air leakage, and jamming as traditional grate structures. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The present invention aims to provide an upward-sloping integrated grate to solve the problems of existing grates which can only stir and disperse the waste at or near the bottom layer. However, the fixed grate top and sliding grate top are prone to the risk of material overflow, and the upper layer of waste does not mix well with the surrounding waste. There may also be local material cessation or clumps rolling and sliding, resulting in poor combustion and burnout of waste in the subsequent process, high heat loss on ignition, and the same problems of slag leakage, air leakage, and blockage as traditional grate structures still exist.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: an upward-sloping integrated grate, comprising integrated grate plates, integrated movable grate plates, and inclined side beam assemblies on both sides. The integrated grate plates and integrated movable grate plates are arranged side by side between the side beam assemblies. The integrated movable grate plate includes multiple movable support plates parallel to the side beam assemblies. The movable support plates are located below the integrated grate plates. Movable grate plates are connected at the joints of adjacent movable support plates. The movable grate plates and integrated grate plates are arranged alternately side by side. A drive assembly is connected to the bottom of the movable support plate. Both the integrated grate plates and the movable grate plates are composed of several sets of grate heads arranged side by side. The grate heads are wedge-shaped quadrangular frustums with inclined front, back, top, and two sides. The front ends of two adjacent grate heads are flush and the rear ends are staggered. The grate heads on adjacent integrated grate plates and movable grate plates are arranged in a staggered manner, with the rear ends of the grate heads facing the high end of the side beam assemblies.

[0011] Preferably, as an improvement, the side beam assembly is provided with a primary air channel, and the integrated grate plate is provided with a through air duct running along the length direction. The air duct is connected to the primary air channel in the side beam assembly through both ends of the integrated grate plate, and the upper part of the integrated grate plate is provided with a primary air hole connected to the air duct.

[0012] Preferably, as an improvement, positioning steps are provided at the upper edges of both longitudinal ends of the movable support plate. The positioning steps of two adjacent movable support plates are combined to form a dovetail groove structure to clamp and position the movable grate piece. A dovetail groove for installing the movable grate piece is opened in the middle of a single movable support plate along the transverse direction, so that at least one movable grate piece is integrated and installed on a single movable support plate, and at least one integrated grate piece is provided above a single movable support plate.

[0013] Preferably, as an improvement, the positioning steps and dovetail grooves are provided with several air holes, the movable grate plates are provided with air ducts inside, the air ducts are connected to the air holes, and the upper part of the movable grate plates is provided with primary air holes connected to the air ducts.

[0014] Preferably, as an improvement, the primary air holes are located on the back of the grate head, and the primary air holes gradually expand into the interior of the grate head to form an inverted trumpet shape. The primary air holes on adjacent integrated grate plates and movable grate plates are arranged alternately in the left-right and front-back directions.

[0015] Preferably, as an improvement, the side beam assembly includes vertically stacked closed side beams and box beams. Both the closed side beams and box beams are hollow and their ends are connected at a high or low position. The side wall of the box beam facing the integrated grate is provided with multiple slots along the length direction, and the end of the integrated grate is connected to the inside of the box beam through the slots.

[0016] Preferably, as an improvement, the top of the box girder has multiple insertion ports corresponding to the insertion ports along its length. A pressing air guide seat is inserted into the insertion port. The pressing air guide seat has a pressing cover plate on top that presses against the box girder outside the insertion port. The pressing air guide seat has an air guide channel with an opening facing the tail end of the box girder. An air guide outlet communicating with the air guide channel is opened on the side wall of the pressing air guide seat facing the insertion port. A connecting base is fixed to the end of the integrated grate plate. The connecting base passes through the insertion port and the air guide inlet and extends into the air guide channel.

[0017] Preferably, as an improvement, when the average height of the integrated grate and the movable grate is 180-220mm, the angle between the grate surface formed by the movable support plate and the horizontal plane is 12-18°, and the stroke of the movable grate is 400-450mm.

[0018] Preferably, as an improvement, when the average height of the integrated grate and the movable grate is 150-180mm, the angle between the grate surface formed by the movable support plate and the horizontal plane is 18-24°, and the stroke of the movable grate is 300-400mm.

[0019] Preferably, as an improvement, when the angle between the grate surface formed by the movable support plate and the horizontal plane is greater than 20°, a material layer height adjustment baffle is rotatably connected at the lower end of the grate. The material layer height adjustment baffle is driven to rotate by a hydraulic drive structure. The material layer height adjustment baffle can block the waste material layer to a certain extent, which is beneficial to controlling the residence time of the waste material layer on the grate and to controlling the complete combustion of the waste material layer.

[0020] In practical application, this invention utilizes side beams as the installation support structure for the integrated grate bars, connecting them to form a compact and stable integrated grate bar structure. Movable support plates serve as the installation support structure for multiple movable grate bars, integrating them to form a more integrated movable grate plate. The integrated grate bars and movable grate plate together form the integrated grate structure assembly. The movable support plate, acting as a support beneath the grate, not only supports the movable grate bars but also primarily serves as a support for the waste material layer. The hollow side beams provide primary air to the integrated grate bars, while the movable grate bars receive primary air through the movable grate plate. Both the integrated grate and the movable grate adopt a wedge-shaped truncated pyramid structure, eliminating the need for the long strip structure of existing grate. By utilizing the side beams and in conjunction with the movable support plate, the integrated grate and the movable grate are arranged side by side, which is different from the overlapping grate in the existing technology. The movable support plate drives several movable grates to move synchronously, and works with the integrated grate to realize the turning, breaking and moving of the waste material layer.

[0021] The invention is characterized by the rear end of the grate head facing the high end of the side beam assembly, with its inclination direction opposite to the movement direction of the waste layer. During grate movement, the staggered rear ends of the grate heads at different heights (left-right and front-back) increase the instability of the waste layer, creating a reverse-push mechanism similar to existing technologies. This improves the turning and spreading effect of the waste layer, resulting in a looser waste layer during turning, reducing the likelihood of clumping and caking, and promoting drying. The staggered grate heads, as the waste layer moves on the grate, influence not only the forward and reverse directions of the waste flow but also the width of the waste layer within the incinerator. This achieves comprehensive dispersing, loosening, stirring, and mixing of the waste layer within the incinerator. The primary air discharge direction is also opposite to the movement direction of the waste layer, creating a staggered airflow. This allows the primary air to better dry and burn the waste on the grate, improving the drying and combustion efficiency. The height of the grate is defined as the distance from the bottom of the grate to the top of the grate head. When the average height of the grate is 180-220mm, the angle between the grate surface formed by the movable support plate and the horizontal plane is 12-18°, and the grate travel is 400-450mm. When the average height of the grate is 150-180mm, the angle between the grate surface formed by the movable support plate and the horizontal plane is 18-24°, and the grate travel is 300-400mm. This design ensures both the stability and looseness of the waste layer and prevents the overall slippage of the waste layer. It also helps to increase the residence time of the waste in the furnace and ensure that the waste is fully spread, mixed, and dispersed, thereby improving drying efficiency and reducing heat loss on ignition. The effect of turning, dispersing, and drying the waste layer on the grate is particularly significant.

[0022] The advantages of this invention include, but are not limited to:

[0023] 1. One or more integrated grate bars and integrated movable grate bars are alternately arranged and tilted as a whole. The grate heads of the two types are staggered front to back and left to right, with the rear ends of the staggered grate heads facing the feeding direction of the grate. During operation, the grate heads, which move in the opposite direction to the waste layer, form a three-dimensional staggered distribution in the longitudinal, transverse, and vertical directions. Combined with the setting of the average height of the grate bars, the tilt angle of the grate surface, and the travel distance of the movable grate bars, the grate heads can penetrate deeper into the waste layer. The movement of the grate heads can better stir, disperse, and cut the waste layer, exacerbating the instability of the waste layer and causing changes in the height of the waste in various parts of the incinerator. This facilitates the dispersion and loosening of the waste, avoids the risk of the waste layer hitting the top of the grate, and ensures effective mixing of the upper layer of waste with the surrounding waste. It achieves all-round dispersion, loosening, and stirring of the waste layer in the incinerator, reduces the risk of local material stopping, clumping, rolling, and sliding, improves the drying and combustion efficiency of waste, shortens the drying time, and is conducive to rapid combustion of waste.

[0024] 2. One or more integrated grate bars and integrated movable grate bars are alternately set and tilted as a whole. The primary air holes of the two are staggered front and back and left and right. After the primary air holes are staggered, they face the feeding direction of the grate. During operation, the primary air holes opposite to the moving direction of the waste material layer form a three-dimensional staggered air distribution pattern of longitudinal, transverse and vertical, which makes the primary air distribution more balanced and more conducive to the drying and combustion of the waste material layer.

[0025] 3. The integrated movable grate plate forms an integral, fully enclosed grate surface. Combined with the integral integrated grate plates, the waste material layer above is completely blocked at the bottom of the grate. The ash and unburned materials produced by the combustion of the waste material layer above are almost completely blocked, with very little ash leakage. This can effectively avoid the jamming of moving parts caused by ash leakage and ensure the stable drive of the movable grate under long-term operation.

[0026] 4. Both the movable and integrated grate bars used have wedge-shaped, frustum-shaped heads. The movable support plate serves as the support for the waste layer, eliminating the long strip plates of existing grate bars. This eliminates the numerous sliding pairs between the traditional movable and fixed grate bars, avoiding the wear caused by these sliding pairs. Consequently, it avoids problems such as grate jamming, slowed waste movement speed, and excessive slag leakage that exist in existing technologies. Furthermore, the reduced raw material consumption of the grate bars helps lower costs and reduces maintenance and replacement costs caused by wear of the long strip plates.

[0027] 5. The ends of the integrated grate bars extend into the box beam, and the transverse edge of the integrated movable grate plate extends into the underside of the heat insulation plate on the upper side of the side beam assembly. This creates a freely expandable and contractible compensation structure between the integrated grate bars and the integrated movable grate plate and the side beam assembly, which greatly reduces the amount of slag leakage between the side beam and the grate. It also effectively solves the problem of gap reservation and compensation for the thermal expansion of traditional grates. That is, too large a gap can easily lead to slag leakage, and too small a gap can easily cause mechanical jamming. At the same time, it greatly reduces the primary air leakage caused by the gap between the side beam and the grate, which generates a boundary effect. That is, the drying, pyrolysis, gasification, and combustion of boundary materials are too fast, and sometimes the material layer is burned through locally, which greatly affects the normal processing process inside the furnace.

[0028] 6. The integrated grate bars are enclosed at the bottom and hollow inside, using a through-type air duct. The air duct supplies primary air through the side beams at both ends. The movable grate bars also use a connected air duct inside, supplying primary air through the movable support plate. This primary air passage structure is more conducive to diverting and regulating the air supply, adjusting the material layer movement speed and controlling the heat treatment process, improving the system operation efficiency. Combined with the sealing of gaps at various points, the air supply pressure is more stable, making the primary air supply more balanced.

[0029] 7. The integrated grate bars, movable grate bars, and movable support plates are structurally sound on their own. The overall integrity of the integrated grate structure as a whole is better than that of traditional technologies. It has better load-bearing capacity for the waste layer. Whether it is the integrated grate bars, movable grate bars, and movable support plates individually or as a whole, the stress is more even, and they are less likely to be damaged during operation. They also do not have the problem of grate bar breakage in traditional grate structures, and the service life of the grate is longer.

[0030] 8. Since the integrated grate is installed and fixed by the side beam assembly and provides primary air, and the movable grate is installed and fixed by the movable support plate and provides primary air, the two methods work together to form staggered primary air outlets on the integrated grate and the movable grate, and the primary air temperatures of the two can differ. In addition to the mechanical disruption of the material layer stability by the grate head, the material layer stability can also be disrupted by the difference in material thermal conversion, thereby improving the system operating efficiency.

[0031] 9. The primary air of the integrated grate forms a single circulation in the side beam assembly, which can fully absorb the heat at the side beam, reduce heat loss at the side beam, regulate and stabilize the working temperature of the side beam, and improve the system working conditions. If combined with the heat insulation layer between the outside of the side beam and the air, the system thermal efficiency can be further improved. The primary air of the movable grate is supplied through the air chamber under the movable support plate, and a separate air hole is set on the movable support plate for air supply. The air supply of both the integrated grate and the movable grate is more concentrated and precise. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1This is a side view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a partial enlarged view of the tail end of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view at point AA.

[0035] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view at point BB.

[0036] Figure 5 This is a partial side view of the integrated movable grate plate in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 6 This is a front view of the integrated grate in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 7 This is a side view of the integrated grate in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 8 This is a longitudinal sectional front view of the air-pressing seat in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 9 This is a longitudinal sectional side view of the air-pressing seat in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of the integrated grate section in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional view of the integrated movable grate plate in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 12 This is a longitudinal sectional side view of the air-pressing seat in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 13 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view at point CC.

[0045] Figure 14 This is a partial side view of the integrated movable grate plate in Embodiment 5 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method:

[0047] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: integrated grate 101, connecting base 102, movable grate 201, movable support plate 202, drive truss 203, support guide seat 204, guide roller 205, support roller 206, positioning step 207, included angle 208, air hole 209, smooth hole 210, closed side beam 301, box beam 302, lower air passage 303, upper air passage 304, pressing air guide seat 305, elastic pressing gasket 306, air passage 307, positioning pin 308, top heat insulation plate 309, side wall partition Hot plate 310, air inlet 311, pressing support plate 312, pressing cover plate 313, connecting rod structure 401, driving cylinder 402, grate head 501, air duct 502, primary air hole 503, front 504, top surface 505, back 506, reinforcing rib plate 507, vent hole 508, partition beam assembly 601, material layer height adjustment baffle 701, supporting rib plate 702, main shaft 703, main shaft air inlet 704, main shaft air outlet 705, material layer height adjustment cylinder 706, material layer height adjustment rocker arm 707, sealing ring 708.

[0048] Example 1, basically as shown in the attached document. Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown: An upward-sloping integrated grate includes integrated grate bars, integrated movable grate plates, and two sets of side-by-side side beam assemblies. The integrated grate bars and integrated movable grate plates are alternately arranged between the two sets of side beam assemblies to form a single-row grate. Combined with... Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the side beam assembly includes a closed side beam 301, with a lower ventilation channel 303 inside the closed side beam 301. A box beam 302 extending along the length of the closed side beam 301 is located at the upper end of the closed side beam 301. An upper ventilation channel 304 is located inside the box beam 302, connecting the upper ventilation channel 304 and the lower ventilation channel 303 at the head ends of the closed side beam 301 and the box beam 302. Multiple inlets are opened along the length of the upper end of the box beam 302, and multiple insertion slots aligned with the inlets are opened along the length of the side wall of the box beam 302 facing the integrated furnace grate. A compression guide seat 305 is inserted into each inlet, combined with… Figure 8 , Figure 9As shown, the compression air guide base 305 includes a rectangular block-shaped air guide base. A vertical compression support plate 312 is integrally formed at the upper center of the air guide base. A horizontal compression cover plate 313 is integrally formed at the top of the compression support plate 312. The compression cover plate 313 is larger than the inlet size. Steps are provided on the left and right sides of the compression cover plate 313 to press against the edges of the outer box beam 302 of the inlet. An air guide channel 307 is provided inside the air guide base. An air guide inlet 311, communicating with the air guide channel 307, is opened on the side wall of the air guide base facing the tail end of the box beam 302. The air guide channel 307 is funnel-shaped, with the larger end connecting the air guide channel 307 and the air guide inlet 311, thus increasing the primary air volume entering the air guide base from the upper air passage 304. An air guide outlet, communicating with the air guide channel 307, is opened on the side wall of the air guide base facing the integrated furnace grate. The top of the closed side beam 301 has multiple pin holes distributed along its length. The bottom of the gas guide base has through holes that align with the pin holes on the closed side beam 301. The gas guide base 305 is positioned to the top of the closed side beam 301 by the positioning pin 308, so that the gas outlet on the gas guide base is aligned with the socket on the box beam 302. The top of the box beam 302 is bolted with a top heat insulation plate 309, and the side wall heat insulation plate 310 is bolted to the side wall of the box beam 302 facing the integrated furnace grate.

[0049] Multiple L-shaped support guide seats 204 are bolted along the length of the side wall of the closed side beam 301 facing the integrated movable grate plate. The inner side of the support guide seat 204 faces the integrated movable grate plate. The vertical inner wall of the support guide seat 204 is connected to the guide roller 205 through bearings and pins. The transverse inner wall of the support guide seat 204 is connected to the support roller 206 through bearings and pins.

[0050] Combination Figure 13As shown, a hollow main shaft 703 is inserted between the lower ends of the side beam assembly. The main shaft 703 spans across the movable support plate 202. Both ends of the main shaft 703 pass through the box beam 302 from the insertion port. A sealing ring 708 is provided between the end of the main shaft 703 located on the outside of the grate and the box beam 302. The main shaft 703 has a main shaft air inlet hole 704 on the side wall inside the box beam 302. Multiple main shaft air outlet holes 705 are arranged side by side along the length direction on the side wall above the movable grate plate. The primary air in the box beam 302 can be introduced into the main shaft 703 through the main shaft air inlet hole 704 to cool the main shaft 703. The primary air in the main shaft 703 can be discharged from the main shaft air outlet hole 705 to remove the ash and slag at the tail end of the grate. A material layer height adjustment baffle 701 is welded radially onto the main shaft 703. The material layer height adjustment baffle 701 spans across the grate. Eight supporting ribs 702 are welded side by side along the length of the main shaft 703 onto the material layer height adjustment baffle 701. A material layer height adjustment cylinder 706 is provided on the outside of the side beam assembly. A material layer height adjustment rocker arm 707 is connected between the telescopic end of the material layer height adjustment cylinder 706 and the end of the main shaft 703. The material layer height adjustment baffle 701 can be rotated by the material layer height adjustment cylinder 706 and the material layer height adjustment rocker arm 707.

[0051] Combination Figure 6 , Figure 7As shown, the integrated grate includes a long, integrally cast integrated grate 101. Connecting bases 102 are welded to both ends of the integrated grate 101 as connecting structures. The bottom surface of the connecting base 102 is flush, and a through hole is provided in the middle of the connecting base 102. The connecting base 102 is inserted into the gas outlet of the gas guide base through the insertion port on the box beam 302. An elastic clamping pad 306 is provided between the top of the connecting base 102 and the top wall of the gas guide channel 307 to press the connecting base 102 tightly against the gas guide channel 307, thus achieving a fixed connection between the two ends of the integrated grate 101 and the side beam assembly. This method provides a certain compensation space through the insertion depth of the connecting base 102 in the side beam assembly. During the use of the incinerator, it can compensate for the gap between the integrated grate 101 and the side beam assembly caused by temperature changes, ensuring stable and reliable installation of the integrated grate. An air duct 502 is provided inside the integrated grate 101 along its length. The air duct 502 passes through the integrated grate 101 along its length and communicates with the through hole in the middle of the connecting base 102. The bottom end of the integrated grate 101 is open. Several primary air holes 503 communicating with the air duct 502 are arranged side by side along the length of the upper part of the integrated grate 101. In this way, primary air enters the lower ventilation duct 303 from the tail end of the closed side beam 301, flows from the tail end to the head end of the closed side beam 301 in the lower ventilation duct 303, enters the upper ventilation duct 304 in the box beam 302 at the head end of the closed side beam 301, flows from the head end to the tail end of the box beam 302 in the upper ventilation duct 304, and enters the ventilation duct 307 through the ventilation inlet 311 of the ventilation duct base in the ventilation duct 307, enters the air duct 502 inside the integrated grate 101 through the through hole of the connecting base 102, and then exits from the primary air hole 503. Here, the head end refers to the end of the side beam assembly facing the feed side of the incinerator, and the tail end refers to the end of the side beam assembly facing the discharge side of the incinerator.

[0052] Combination Figure 5As shown, the integrated movable grate plate includes a movable support plate 202. Positioning steps 207 are provided at the upper edges of both the left and right ends of the movable support plate 202. The sidewalls of the positioning steps 207 are inclined towards the center of the movable support plate 202, forming an angle 208 with the step surface. The width of the step surface of the right-end positioning step 207 of the movable support plate 202 is greater than that of the left end. Four sets of light holes 210 are arranged side-by-side on the step surface of the right-end positioning step 207 of the movable support plate 202, and through-holes 209 are provided on the step surface between the four sets of light holes 210. A drive truss 203 is bolted to the bottom of the movable support plate 202. The drive truss 203 includes two parallel tie rods, with bolts passing through the light holes 210. Each tie rod is connected to the movable support plate 202 through two sets of light holes 210. Movable grate plates 201 are placed on the step surface of the right-end positioning step 207 of the movable support plate 202. The movable grate 201 also has an air duct 502 along its length. Unlike the integrated grate 101, the movable grate 201 has closed ends and an open bottom. Several primary air holes 503 communicating with the air ducts 502 are arranged side-by-side along the upper part of the movable grate 201. Multiple movable support plates 202 are arranged side-by-side from left to right. A non-standard dovetail groove structure is formed by the combination of positioning steps 207 on two movable support plates 202 to clamp and fix the lower part of the movable grate 201 in a dovetail shape. The length of the movable grate 201 is less than the length of the positioning step 207. The side wall insulation plate 310 connected to the box beam 302 in the side beam assembly protrudes from the closed side beam 301. After being installed in the incinerator, the portions of the movable support plate 202 extending beyond the movable grate 201 at both ends are inserted below the side wall insulation plate 310. This creates a bending gap between the movable grate plate and the side beam assembly during operation, greatly reducing slag leakage. Primary air enters directly from below the movable support plate 202 through the air hole 209 and the bottom opening of the movable grate 201 into the air duct 502 inside the movable grate 201, and then exits through the primary air hole 503.

[0053] Both the integrated grate 101 and the movable grate 201 consist of several sets of parallel grate heads 501. Each grate head 501 is a uniformly thick shell, and each grate head 501 is a wedge-shaped frustum with an inclined front 504, back 506, top surface 505, and two sides. The inclination angles of the front 504 and back 506 are different. Combined with the grate installation angle, this allows for different mixing effects on the material layer. The front 504 easily enters the material layer, contacts the material, and lifts it; the back 506 has difficulty entering the material layer, instead compressing and pushing it. The front 504 ends of adjacent grate heads 501 are flush, while the back 506 and top surface 505 are staggered. The heights of adjacent grate heads 501 are different, and the different inclination angles of their top surface 505 and sides enhance the mixing effect on the material layer. Multiple grate heads 501 are integrally cast to form movable grate plates 201 or integrated grate plates 101. The grate heads 501 are grouped one, two, or three at a time. Reinforcing ribs 507 are welded into the air ducts 502 between adjacent groups. The reinforcing ribs 507 enhance the structural strength in the length direction. The bottom center of the reinforcing ribs 507 is arched upwards, and three parallel ventilation holes 508 are provided on the reinforcing ribs 507 for primary air to pass through. The front 504 of two adjacent grate heads 501 are flush, while the back 506 and top 505 are staggered. The heights of adjacent grate heads 501 differ, creating a sawtooth structure. This sawtooth structure, combined with reinforcing ribs 507 in the air duct 502, forms V-shaped flaps between adjacent grate heads 501 in the air duct 502. These V-shaped flaps also enhance the structural strength of the movable grate plates 201, as well as turbulent airflow, even air distribution, balanced channel pressure, and improved cooling of the grate. A primary air hole 503 communicating with the air duct 502 is provided on the back 506 of the grate head 501. The primary air hole 503 gradually widens inwards towards the grate head 501, forming an inverted trumpet shape. The grate heads 501 on adjacent integrated grate plates 101 and movable grate plates 201 are arranged in a staggered, left-right and front-back configuration. The primary air holes 503 on adjacent integrated grate bars 101 and movable grate bars 201 are arranged in a staggered manner, alternating left and right and front and back.

[0054] In practical use, the integrated grate structure assembly of this embodiment serves as the grate of a waste incinerator. The side beam assembly provides installation support for the integrated grate plate 101 and acts as the primary air supply channel for the integrated grate plate 101. The primary air enters the lower ventilation duct 303 from the head end of the side beam assembly. During the process of passing through the lower ventilation duct 303, it absorbs heat from the incinerator, preheats the temperature, and reduces heat loss from the air chamber. At the tail end of the closed side beam 301, it enters the upper ventilation duct 304 in the box beam 302. The primary air, after being heated in the upper ventilation duct 304, can continue to absorb heat from the combustion of materials, reduce heat loss through the side beam assembly, and appropriately lower the operating temperature of the side beam assembly. Finally, the primary air enters the air duct 502 inside the integrated grate plate 101 from the air guide base through the connecting base 102, and then exits from the primary air hole 503. The heated primary air can better dry and aid combustion of the waste around the integrated grate plate 101. The movable support plate 202 provides installation support for the movable grate plates 201 and supplies primary air to the movable grate plates 201 through the air holes 209 on it. The primary air passes through the movable support plate 202, enters the movable grate plates 201, and exits, simultaneously supplying air for combustion and absorbing heat conducted by the burning waste on the integrated movable grate plate, thus providing a certain degree of cooling to the movable support plate 202. The movable support plate 202 also serves as a support for the waste layer. The integrated movable grate plate, composed of the movable support plate 202 and the movable grate plates 201 on it, constitutes the movable grate structure of the grate. During the operation of the incinerator, the waste layer is stacked on the movable support plate 202 for combustion. The tie rod at the bottom of the movable support plate 202 is connected to the hydraulic drive cylinder 402 using the existing technology of the linkage structure 401. Under the drive of the hydraulic drive cylinder 402, the integrated movable grate plate moves back and forth linearly, thereby causing several movable grate pieces 201 to move synchronously. The movable grate pieces 201 and the integrated grate pieces 101 fixed between the side beam components form a relative movement, pushing the stacked waste layer from the bottom, causing the waste layer to turn over and break up. The grate head 501 with the wedge-shaped quadrangular frustum structure adopted by the movable grate pieces 201 and the integrated grate pieces 101 makes the turning and breaking up of waste particularly significant. Moreover, during the operation, the movable grate pieces 201 and the integrated grate pieces 101 do not have direct contact, so there is no wear problem between the two as in the existing technology. The primary air duct inside the side beam assembly connects to the primary air chamber of the incinerator. The primary air, heated by the side beam assembly, enters the integrated grate 101, flows along the air duct 502 inside the integrated grate 101 across the entire grate, and exits from the primary air hole 503 on each grate head 501. The air hole 209 on the movable support plate 202 connects to the primary air chamber of the incinerator. Primary air enters the movable grate 201 through the air hole 209 and the air inlet, and then exits from the primary air hole 503 on each grate head 501.The staggered grate heads 501 and primary air holes 503 on the integrated grate bars 101 and movable grate bars 201 effectively disperse the waste in the waste layer and ensure it fully contacts the primary air, thereby guaranteeing complete combustion of the waste layer. Since the movable support plate 202 is located at the bottom of the entire grate, and the integrated grate bars and movable grate bars 201 are integral in the horizontal direction, ash and unburned debris generated during waste layer combustion will not fall below the movable support plate 202 during grate operation, thus not affecting the primary air chamber below or the drive structure of the movable support plate 202.

[0055] Example 2, the difference between this example and Example 1 is that, as Figure 10 , Figure 11 As shown, a double-row grate is formed between the two sets of side beam assemblies. Each row of the double-row grate uses the same integrated grate plates and integrated movable grate plates as in Embodiment 1. A partition beam assembly 601 is provided between the two rows of grates. The difference between the partition beam assembly 601 and the side beam assembly in Embodiment 1 is that: both sides of the closed side beam 301 are connected to support guide seats 204, and both sides of the box beam 302 are provided with slots. The sides of the box beam 302 outside the slots are covered with side wall heat insulation plates 310, such as... Figure 12 As shown, the air guide base of the pressing air guide seat 305 has air guide outlets on both sides for the connecting base 102 of the integrated grate plates 101 on both sides to be inserted. In this embodiment, material layer height adjustment cylinders and material layer height adjustment rocker arms are provided on the outer sides of both side beam assemblies, which makes the drive of the main shaft spanning the grate more stable and reliable.

[0056] Example 3: In this example, the height of the grate is defined as the distance from the bottom of the grate plate to the top of the grate head. When the average height of the integrated grate plate and the movable grate plate is 180-220mm, the angle between the grate surface formed by the movable support plate and the horizontal plane is 12-18°, and the stroke of the movable grate plate is 400-450mm. This example, by setting the tilt angle of the movable support plate and the stroke distance of the movable grate plate according to the average height of the grate, further improves the stability of the waste layer. This ensures that the overall tilt of the grate can both meet the conveying requirements of the waste layer and, in conjunction with the grate plate, thoroughly disperse and loosen the waste layer, preventing clumping or overall slippage.

[0057] Example 4: In this example, the height of the grate is defined as the distance from the bottom of the grate plate to the top of the grate head. When the average height of the integrated grate plate and the movable grate plate is 150-180mm, the angle between the grate surface formed by the movable support plate and the horizontal plane is 18-24°, and the stroke of the movable grate plate is 300-400mm. This example, by setting the tilt angle of the movable support plate and the stroke distance of the movable grate plate according to the average height of the grate, further improves the stability of the waste layer. This ensures that the overall tilt of the grate can both meet the conveying requirements of the waste layer and, in conjunction with the grate plate, thoroughly disperse and loosen the waste layer, preventing clumping or overall slippage.

[0058] Example 5, the difference between this example and Example 1 is that, as Figure 14 As shown, a dovetail groove is provided in the middle of a single movable support plate 202. The dovetail groove is used to install movable grate plates 201. Air holes 209 are also machined in the dovetail groove. In this way, movable grate plates 201 can also be installed in the middle of a single movable support plate 202. Movable grate plates 201 can also be installed at the joints of multiple movable support plates 202 arranged longitudinally. In this way, multiple movable grate plates 201 can be integrated and installed on a single movable support plate 202, which can further improve the overall integrity, further simplify the system, and reduce the assembly and maintenance cycle.

[0059] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention, and common knowledge such as specific technical solutions and / or characteristics are not described in detail here. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. These modifications and improvements will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the present invention or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. An inclined integrated grate, comprising integrated grate plates, an integrated movable grate plate, and inclined side beam assemblies on both sides, wherein the integrated grate plates and the integrated movable grate plate are arranged side by side between the side beam assemblies, the integrated movable grate plate comprising multiple movable support plates parallel to the side beam assemblies, the movable support plates being located below the integrated grate plates, the joints of adjacent movable support plates being connected to movable grate plates, the movable grate plates and integrated grate plates being arranged alternately side by side, a drive assembly being connected to the bottom of the movable support plates, the integrated grate plates and the movable grate plates each comprising several sets of grate heads arranged side by side, the grate heads being wedge-shaped truncated pyramids with inclined front, back, top surface and two sides, the front ends of adjacent grate heads being flush and the rear ends being staggered, the grate heads on adjacent integrated grate plates and movable grate plates forming a left-right and front-back staggered arrangement, characterized in that: The rear end of the grate head faces the high end of the side beam assembly. The grate head can turn the material upward to promote the instability of the material layer. The exhaust air is directed towards the high end of the side beam assembly. When the average height of the integrated grate plate and the movable grate plate is 150-220mm, the angle between the grate surface formed by the movable support plate and the horizontal plane is 12-24°, and the stroke of the movable grate plate is 300-450mm. The side beam assembly is provided with a primary air channel, and the integrated grate plate is provided with a through air duct running through the length direction. The air duct is connected to the primary air channel in the side beam through both ends of the integrated grate plate. The upper part of the integrated grate plate is provided with a primary air hole connected to the air duct. The primary air holes are located on the back of the grate head. The primary air holes gradually expand into the grate head to form an inverted trumpet shape. The primary air holes on adjacent integrated grate plates and movable grate plates are arranged alternately in the left-right and front-back directions.

2. The inclined integrated grate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The movable support plate has positioning steps at the upper edges of both longitudinal ends. The positioning steps of two adjacent movable support plates are combined to form a dovetail groove structure to clamp and position the movable grate piece. A dovetail groove for installing the movable grate piece is opened in the middle of a single movable support plate along the transverse direction, so that at least one movable grate piece is integrated and installed on a single movable support plate, and at least one integrated grate piece is provided above a single movable support plate.

3. The inclined integrated grate according to claim 2, characterized in that: The positioning step and the dovetail groove are provided with several air holes. The movable grate plate is provided with an air duct inside, which is connected to the air holes. The upper part of the movable grate plate is provided with a primary air hole that is connected to the air duct.

4. The inclined integrated grate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side beam assembly includes vertically stacked closed side beams and box beams. Both the closed side beams and box beams are hollow and their ends are connected at a high or low position. Multiple insertion ports are opened along the length direction on the side wall of the box beam facing the integrated grate plate. The ends of the integrated grate plate are connected to the interior of the box beam through the insertion ports.

5. The inclined integrated grate according to claim 4, characterized in that: The top of the box girder has multiple insertion ports corresponding to the insertion ports along its length. A pressing air guide seat is inserted into the insertion port. The pressing air guide seat has a pressing cover plate on top that presses against the box girder outside the insertion port. The pressing air guide seat has an air guide channel with an opening facing the tail end of the box girder. An air guide outlet communicating with the air guide channel is opened on the side wall of the pressing air guide seat facing the insertion port. The end of the integrated grate plate is fixed with a connecting base. The connecting base passes through the insertion port and the air guide inlet and extends into the air guide channel.

6. The inclined integrated grate according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the average height of the integrated grate and the movable grate is 180-220mm, the angle between the grate surface formed by the movable support plate and the horizontal plane is 12-18°, and the stroke of the movable grate is 400-450mm.

7. The inclined integrated grate according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the average height of the integrated grate and the movable grate is 150-180mm, the angle between the grate surface formed by the movable support plate and the horizontal plane is 18-24°, and the stroke of the movable grate is 300-400mm.

8. The inclined integrated grate according to claim 7, characterized in that: When the angle between the grate surface formed by the movable support plate and the horizontal plane is greater than 20°, a material layer height adjustment baffle is rotatably connected at the lower end of the grate. The material layer height adjustment baffle can be flipped by a hydraulic drive structure.

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