Integrated rotatable grate assembly

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of grates in incinerators for solid waste incineration, and discloses an integrated rotatable grate assembly, including integrated blade grate bars, an integrated movable grate plate, and side beam assemblies. The integrated blade grate bars are reciprocating, rotating / swinging blade grates spanning between the side beam assemblies. The integrated movable grate plate includes integral movable grate bars spanning between the side beam assemblies. Movable support plates are located below the integrated blade grate bars. The movable grate bars and integrated blade grate bars are arranged alternately side by side, and multiple movable support plates are longitudinally spliced ​​to form an integral grate surface. This invention is an integrated rotatable grate assembly that integrates the functions of reciprocating pushing and reciprocating rotating cutting of waste, producing a comprehensive separation effect on the waste layer. The longitudinally and laterally interlaced primary airflow can more easily penetrate the material layer, enhancing the drying and combustion rate of the material.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of grates for solid waste incineration furnaces, and more specifically to an integrated rotatable grate assembly. Background Technology

[0002] Existing waste treatment technologies mainly include incineration, sanitary landfill, composting, and waste recycling. Among conventional waste treatment technologies, incineration has advantages such as significant volume reduction, thorough harmlessness, small land occupation, utilization of waste heat energy, and less secondary pollution, which aligns with my country's strategic requirements for sustainable development.

[0003] The most important component of a waste incinerator is the grate system. The grate system is responsible for transporting waste within the furnace, while also improving the mixing and agitation of waste with air, thereby increasing combustion efficiency.

[0004] Various types of incinerator grates have now been developed, especially the so-called reciprocating grate incinerators. Reciprocating grate systems mainly consist of fixed grate groups and movable grate groups. The basic unit of a grate group is a single grate bar, which are connected in rows or columns to form a grate group. Ultimately, numerous grate bars overlap regularly like roof tiles, forming the support structure for waste combustion. The movable grate bars, which can move back and forth, alternate with integrated blade grate bars; their relative movement causes the waste to move forward and backward. On a reciprocating grate, the waste layer is intensely and continuously tumbled and agitated, causing the waste layer to repeatedly loosen and rearrange.

[0005] Currently, Chinese municipal solid waste is characterized by low calorific value and high moisture content. To ensure a stable incinerator outlet temperature above 850℃, a sufficiently high layer of waste needs to be piled on the grate. Therefore, the grate bars must be able to rotate, agitate, and loosen the entire waste layer in all directions to shorten drying time and improve combustion efficiency. Simultaneously, due to the high moisture content and complex composition of Chinese municipal solid waste, it is prone to clumping and forming clumps during drying and combustion. Therefore, the grate bars must also reduce the likelihood of clumping and caking, ensuring that the waste within the clumps has sufficient contact with the primary air, achieving thorough drying and complete combustion, thereby reducing the loss on ignition.

[0006] Over the years, various structural forms of grates have emerged. For example, the structure used in patent CN101929679A involves side beams providing support on both sides. Fixed crossbeams pass through slots at the ends of integrated blade grate plates in the same row, forming a fixed grate plate. Movable crossbeams pass through slots at the ends of movable grate plates in the same row, forming a movable grate plate. The movable and fixed grate plates overlap and alternately form the grate. This grate structure requires multiple grate plates both horizontally and vertically, resulting in numerous installation and connection points and complex assembly. Gaps exist between adjacent grate plates horizontally and between the grate and side beams, easily leading to slag leakage and obstruction of the moving structure below. Excessive air leakage causes localized excessively fast combustion. The movable grate plates, stacked on top of the fixed grate plates, rub repeatedly during operation, creating numerous sliding friction pairs. Long-term wear can cause the movable grate plates to become stuck, and in severe cases, break. The primary air supply is entirely provided by the lower air chamber. Primary air can even enter the furnace through the gaps between the grate bars. This dispersed primary air supply means that heat near the waste layer is easily carried away by the primary air and flows rapidly into the furnace, affecting the drying and combustion efficiency of the waste layer. As an outer structure, the side beams allow heat generated by waste combustion to easily dissipate outwards, and their high operating temperature is detrimental to temperature control within the incinerator. The grate bars rely on a staggered distribution of blocky structures at their heads to loosen and disperse the waste layer during reciprocating motion. However, the relatively small height of these blocky structures at the grate heads results in poor deep cutting and dispersion of the waste layer. Furthermore, some flexible waste may become entangled on the grate bars, leading to poor dispersion and clump-like transport of the waste.

[0007] There is also a combined grate device and waste incinerator disclosed in patent CN215929570U. The combined grate device includes a reciprocating grate and a drum grate. The reciprocating grate includes multiple fixed grate plates and movable grate plates arranged alternately along the waste conveying direction, and the movable grate plates reciprocate. The description of the grate plate structure and the composition of the grate assembly in this patent is vague, but the reciprocating grate is basically similar to the traditional arrangement and installation, and still has the same risks as the traditional grate structure, such as slag leakage, air leakage, jamming, and poor cutting and dispersing effect. The reciprocating grate and the drum grate work independently. The description of the drum grate structure is vague, and according to the attached drawings, it does not have the function of dispersing and cutting waste, and the overall effect of coordinating the dispersing, cutting, and loosening of waste is poor.

[0008] Patent CN114484451B discloses a rotary blade grate anti-slagging incinerator, which uses impeller-type grate plates for waste conveying and slagging operations. Multiple impeller-structured grate plates are installed side by side on a rotating shaft. During rotation, the waste is conveyed and broken up. Although the grate plates can help convey and break up the waste through rotation, the blades that come into contact with the waste are square blocks with edges but no cutting edges. During use, long strips of flexible waste are easy to get tangled on them, causing the grate plates to jam, fail to effectively break up the waste, mix the waste, and even cause the waste to clump together, affecting the combustion efficiency of the waste.

[0009] In summary, existing waste incinerator grates either employ a reciprocating grate structure alone, a combination of a reciprocating grate and a drum grate, or a rotary blade grate structure alone. The grate blades used may be long strips, impellers, or drums. All of these technologies have certain problems, such as complex grate installation, slag leakage between grate blades causing blockage, and poor grate cutting and breaking up of waste. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The present invention aims to provide an integrated rotatable grate assembly to solve the problems of existing waste incinerator grates, which either use a reciprocating push structure alone, a combination of a reciprocating push grate and a drum grate, or a rotary blade grate structure alone. The grate blades used may be long strips, impellers, or drums. All of these technologies have problems to some extent, such as complex grate blade installation, slag leakage between grate blades causing blockage, and poor grate blade cutting and breaking up of waste.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: an integrated rotatable grate assembly, comprising integrated blade grate plates, an integrated movable grate plate, and side beam assemblies. The integrated blade grate plates and the integrated movable grate plate are arranged side-by-side between the side beam assemblies. The integrated blade grate plate includes a grate shaft that passes laterally between the side beam assemblies. An axial air duct is provided inside the grate shaft along its length. An air outlet communicating with the axial air duct is provided in the middle of the grate shaft, and an air inlet communicating with the axial air duct is provided at the end of the grate head. A grate plate, which is an integral strip-shaped plate along the transverse direction of the grate, is connected to the grate shaft. The grate plate includes a base web and multiple blade grate heads arranged side-by-side on the base web. The blade grate heads have edges with… The blade is hollow and wedge-shaped, and the internal cavity of the blade grate head is a gas chamber. The base web has a vent hole that connects the vent hole to the gas chamber. The blade grate head has a primary air hole that connects to the gas chamber. The end of the grate shaft is connected to a power mechanism that drives the rotation. The integrated movable grate plate includes an integral movable grate piece that spans between the side beam assemblies on both sides. Movable support plates are provided on the front and rear sides of the movable grate piece. The movable support plates are located below the integrated blade grate piece. The movable grate piece and the integrated blade grate piece are arranged alternately side by side. Multiple movable support plates are spliced ​​longitudinally to form an integral grate surface. The bottom of the movable support plate is connected to a drive assembly. The side beam assembly has a support guide assembly that supports and guides the drive assembly.

[0012] Preferably, as an improvement, the side beam assembly is provided with a primary air channel, and the axial air channel is connected to the primary air channel in the side beam assembly through the air inlets at both ends of the grate shaft; the blades sequentially include an arc-shaped sliding blade, an arc-shaped top blade, and a straight cutting blade; the blade grate head is provided with two curved panel-shaped side plates, the roots of the sliding blade, top blade, and cutting blade are all connected to the side plates, the side plates are fixedly connected to the web of the base, and the primary air holes are opened on the side plates; multiple grate plates are symmetrically connected to a single grate shaft.

[0013] Preferably, as an improvement, positioning steps are provided at the upper edges of both longitudinal ends of the movable support plate, and the positioning steps of two adjacent movable support plates are combined to form a dovetail groove structure to clamp and position the movable grate plates.

[0014] Preferably, as an improvement, the positioning steps and dovetail grooves are provided with several air holes, the movable grate plates are provided with air ducts inside, the air ducts are connected to the air holes, and the upper part of the movable grate plates is provided with primary air holes connected to the air ducts.

[0015] Preferably, as an improvement, the movable grate is composed of several parallel block grate heads. The block grate head is a wedge-shaped quadrangular frustum with an inclined front, back, top surface and two sides. The primary air holes are located on the back of the block grate head and gradually expand into the interior of the block grate head to form an inverted trumpet shape.

[0016] Preferably, as an improvement, a dovetail groove for installing movable grate plates is provided in the middle of a single movable support plate along the transverse direction, so that at least one movable grate plate is integrated and installed on a single movable support plate, and at least one integrated blade grate plate is provided between adjacent movable grate plates, so that at least one integrated blade grate plate is provided above a single movable support plate, and the blade grate heads on adjacent integrated blade grate plates are arranged in an alternating manner.

[0017] Preferably, as an improvement, the side beam assembly includes vertically stacked closed side beams and box beams. Both the closed side beams and box beams are hollow and connected at their tail ends. Multiple slots are provided along the length direction on the side wall of the box beam facing the integrated blade grate. The end of the grate shaft passes through the slots and connects with the interior of the box beam.

[0018] Preferably, as an improvement, the top of the box girder has multiple insertion ports corresponding to the insertion ports along its length. A pressing air guide seat is inserted into the insertion port. The pressing air guide seat has a pressing cover plate on top that presses against the box girder outside the insertion port. The pressing air guide seat has an air guide channel with an opening facing the tail end of the box girder. An air guide outlet communicating with the air guide channel is opened on the side wall of the pressing air guide seat facing the insertion port. The end of the grate shaft passes through the insertion port and the air guide inlet and extends into the air guide channel.

[0019] Preferably, as an improvement, heat insulation plates are fixed to the top of the box girder and the side wall facing the integrated blade girder. The pressing cover plate is fixed to the heat insulation plate at the top of the box girder. The side end of the movable support plate extends into the underside of the heat insulation plate at the side end of the box girder, and a bending gap is formed between the side end of the movable support plate and the heat insulation plate.

[0020] Preferably, as an improvement, the drive assembly is a drive truss driven by a hydraulic linkage mechanism to perform linear reciprocating motion, and the support and guide assembly is a support and guide seat connected to the closed side beam. The support and guide seat is rotatably connected to guide rollers that guide the drive truss from the side and support rollers that support the drive truss from the bottom.

[0021] This invention utilizes side beams as the installation support structure for the integrated blade grate and the primary air distribution channel. Multiple movable support plates are longitudinally combined to form an integral, fully enclosed, seamless grate surface. The movable support plates are spliced ​​together to serve as the installation support structure for the movable grate. The movable grate and the movable support plates are integrated to form a more integrated movable grate plate. The combination of the side beam assembly, the integrated blade grate, and the integrated movable grate plate forms an integrated, fully enclosed combustion carrier for the waste layer, creating an integrated, rotatable grate assembly. The movable support plate, as the support below the grate, not only provides support for the movable grate and a primary air distribution channel but also primarily serves as the support structure for the waste layer. The hollow side beam assembly provides primary air to the integrated blade grate, while the movable grate receives primary air through the movable grate plate. The integrated blade grate adopts a reciprocating rotating or oscillating structure. Combined with the fixed position movement of the blade grate head on the grate, the movable grate adopts a wedge-shaped truncated pyramid structure, eliminating the long strip structure of existing grate plates. Based on the utilization of the side beams and the cooperation of movable support plates, the integrated blade grate and movable grate are set side by side, which is different from the overlapping grate plate method in the existing technology. The movable support plate drives several movable grate plates to move synchronously, which moves and conveys the waste layer horizontally and pushes it in sections. The movable grate plates push the waste layer towards the integrated blade grate, and the integrated blade grate cuts and breaks up the waste layer. The several movable grate plates and the integrated blade grate are arranged alternately to divide the waste layer into several sections for cutting, breaking up and loosening. The reciprocating linear push and reciprocating rotating / oscillating cutting are combined to achieve full turning, cutting, breaking up and loosening of the waste layer.

[0022] The advantages of this invention are:

[0023] 1. An integrated movable grate plate forms an integral, fully enclosed grate surface. Combined with horizontally integrated blade grate plates, the grate completely covers the waste material layer above at the bottom. The ash and unburned materials produced by the combustion of the waste material layer above are almost completely blocked, with very little ash leakage. This can effectively prevent the moving parts from getting stuck due to ash leakage and ensure the stable drive of the movable grate during long-term operation.

[0024] 2. The integrated movable grate plate with linear reciprocating movement is combined with multiple integrated blade grate plates that reciprocate / rotate at fixed points between the side beams. This allows for stable conveying of the waste layer through linear reciprocating motion, while the block grate heads of the movable grate plates loosen and increase instability. At the same time, the reciprocating / rotating blade grate heads effectively cut and disperse the waste layer, ensuring that the waste layer is fully cut, dispersed, and mixed during the conveying process. This is more conducive to the thorough drying and combustion of the waste layer.

[0025] 3. The integrated movable grate plate and the integrated blade grate plate are used together. The primary air holes on the movable grate plate are arranged longitudinally and staggered, while the primary air holes on the integrated blade grate plate are arranged laterally and obliquely. This forms an interlaced air distribution structure in the grate space, which makes the primary air distribution more comprehensive and uniform, and is more conducive to the full drying and combustion of waste.

[0026] 4. The movable grate bars used have wedge-shaped, frustum-shaped heads, and the movable support plate serves as the support for the waste material layer. This eliminates the long strip plates of existing grate bars, thus avoiding the numerous sliding friction pairs between the traditional movable and fixed grate bars. This prevents wear caused by these sliding friction pairs, and consequently avoids problems such as grate jamming, slowed waste movement speed, and excessive slag leakage that exist in existing technologies. Furthermore, the reduced raw material consumption of the grate bars helps lower costs and reduces maintenance and replacement costs associated with wear on the long strip plates.

[0027] 5. The integrated blade grate uses a combination of grate plates and grate shaft. It can be a single grate plate installed and then reciprocating to cut and mix the waste layer. Alternatively, two or more grate plates can be installed together and then reciprocating to cut and mix the waste layer more deeply and over a wider area, resulting in a more obvious waste dispersing and loosening effect, which is more conducive to the full drying and combustion of waste.

[0028] 6. The grate shaft ends of the integrated blade grate plates extend into the box girder, and the transverse edges of the integrated movable grate plate extend below the heat insulation plate on the upper side of the side beam assembly. This creates a freely expandable and contractible compensation structure between the integrated blade grate plates and the integrated movable grate plate and the side beam assembly, significantly reducing slag leakage between the side beam and the grate. It also effectively solves the problem of gap reservation and compensation for thermal expansion in traditional grates—that is, excessively large gaps lead to slag leakage, while excessively small gaps cause mechanical jamming. Simultaneously, it greatly reduces primary air leakage caused by the gap between the side beam and the grate, preventing boundary effects. This means that the drying, pyrolysis, gasification, and combustion of boundary materials occur too rapidly, sometimes even burning through the material layer locally, severely impacting the normal processing within the furnace.

[0029] 7. One or more integrated blade grate plates and movable grate plates are alternately arranged, and the blade grate heads of two integrated blade grate plates are staggered front to back and left to right. The movement of the blade grate heads can more fully cut and disperse the waste layer, significantly improving the instability of the waste layer and exacerbating its instability. This better promotes the collapse and spreading of the waste layer in various places, facilitating the dispersion, loosening, and distribution of primary air. It achieves comprehensive dispersion, loosening, mixing, and contact with primary air in the waste layer within the incinerator, improving the drying and combustion efficiency of the waste, shortening the drying time, and promoting rapid and complete combustion of the waste.

[0030] 8. The grate shaft is hollow inside, employing a through-type axial air duct. Primary air is supplied through the side beams at both ends of the axial air duct. The movable grate plates also use interconnected air ducts, with primary air supplied through movable support plates. This primary air passage structure is more conducive to diverting and regulating the air supply, adjusting the material layer movement speed and controlling the heat treatment process, thus improving system operation efficiency. Combined with the sealing of gaps at various points, the air supply pressure is more stable, resulting in a more balanced primary air supply. The through-connection between the grate shaft end and the side beams allows for online discharge of accumulated ash and slag from the grate shaft by adding openings at the grate shaft end, further smoothing the primary air flow.

[0031] 9. The integrated blade grate, movable grate, and movable support plate have relatively few installation connection points with the side beam assembly, and the installation and connection operation is relatively simple, forming a highly integrated integral structure. The individual integral structure is good, and the overall integrity of the integrated rotatable grate assembly is also better than traditional technology. It has better load-bearing capacity for the waste layer. Whether it is the integrated blade grate, movable grate, and movable support plate individually or as a whole, the stress is more even, and it is less prone to damage during operation. It also avoids the problem of grate plate breakage in traditional grate structures, and the service life of the grate is longer.

[0032] 10. Since the integrated blade grate is fixed and provides primary air through the side beam assembly, and the movable grate is fixed and provides primary air through the movable support plate, the primary air discharge of the integrated blade grate is higher than that of the movable grate, and the primary air discharge directions of the two are different. This allows the primary air on the integrated blade grate and the movable grate to form a spatial staggered air discharge. Furthermore, due to the difference in air paths, the primary air temperature of the two can differ. In addition to the mechanical disruption of the material layer stability by the grate head, the difference in material thermal conversion can also disrupt the stability of the material layer, thereby improving the system operating efficiency.

[0033] 11. The primary air of the integrated blade grate forms a single circulation in the side beam assembly, which can fully absorb the heat at the side beam, reduce heat loss at the side beam, and regulate and stabilize the working temperature of the side beam, thus improving the system's working conditions. If combined with the heat insulation layer between the outside of the side beam and the air, the system's thermal efficiency can be further improved. The primary air of the movable grate is supplied through the air chamber under the movable support plate, and a separate air hole is set on the movable support plate for air supply. The air supply of both the integrated blade grate and the movable grate is more concentrated and precise. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a partial side view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a partial top view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 3 This is a partially enlarged view of the alternating arrangement of integrated blade grate plates and integrated movable grate plates in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Cross-sectional view at point AA.

[0038] Figure 5 for Figure 3 Cross-sectional view at point BB.

[0039] Figure 6 This is a partial side view of the integrated movable grate plate in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 7 This is a front longitudinal sectional view of the integrated blade grate in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 8 for Figure 7 A magnified view of point D in the middle.

[0042] Figure 9 This is a top view of the integrated blade grate in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 10 This is a side view of the blade grate head in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 11 This is a longitudinal sectional front view of the air-pressing seat in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 12 This is a longitudinal sectional side view of the air-pressing seat in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 13 This is a longitudinal sectional side view of the air-pressing seat in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 14 This is a longitudinal sectional front view of the air-pressing seat in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 15 This is a partial side view of the integrated movable grate plate in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 16 This is a side view of the integrated blade grate in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 17 This is a front longitudinal sectional view of the integrated blade grate in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 18 This is a partial top view of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 19 This is a partially enlarged view of the alternating arrangement of integrated blade grate plates and integrated movable grate plates in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 20 This is a partial side view of the integrated movable grate plate in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 21 for Figure 20 A magnified view of a portion of the image.

[0055] Figure 22 This is a front longitudinal sectional view of the integrated blade grate in Embodiment 6 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0056] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method:

[0057] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: integrated blade grate 101, air inlet 102, shaft air duct 103, set screw 104, air chamber 105, base web 106, web vent 107, air outlet 108, blade grate head 109, crank 110, hydraulic cylinder 111, motor 112, gearbox 113, sliding blade 114, side plate 115, top blade 116, cutting blade 117, synchronous chain 118, grate shaft 119, bushing 120, movable grate 201, movable support plate 202, drive truss 203, support guide seat 204, guide roller 205, support roller 206, fixed... Step 207, included angle 208, vent 209, clear hole 210, closed side beam 301, box beam 302, lower vent 303, upper vent 304, pressing air guide seat 305, elastic pressing gasket 306, air guide 307, positioning pin 308, top heat insulation plate 309, side wall heat insulation plate 310, air guide inlet 311, pressing support plate 312, pressing cover plate 313, air guide outlet 314, connecting rod structure 401, hydraulically driven cylinder 402, block grate head 501, air duct 502, front 504, top surface 505, back 506, reinforcing rib plate 507, vent 508, primary air hole 701.

[0058] Example 1, basically as shown in the attached document. Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown: The integrated rotatable grate assembly includes integrated blade grate bars 101, integrated movable grate plates, and two sets of side beam assemblies arranged side by side. The integrated blade grate bars 101 and the integrated movable grate plates are alternately arranged between the two sets of side beam assemblies to form a single-row grate. Combined with... Figure 4 , Figure 5As shown, the side beam assembly includes a closed side beam 301, with a lower ventilation channel 303 inside the closed side beam 301. A box beam 302 extending along the length of the closed side beam 301 is located at the upper end of the closed side beam 301. An upper ventilation channel 304 is located inside the box beam 302, connecting the upper ventilation channel 304 and the lower ventilation channel 303 at the tail ends of the closed side beam 301 and the box beam 302. Multiple inlets are opened along the length of the upper end of the box beam 302, and multiple insertion slots aligned with these inlets are opened along the length of the side wall of the box beam 302 facing the integrated blade grate 101. A compression air guide seat 305 is inserted into each inlet. Figure 11 , Figure 12 As shown, the compression air guide base 305 includes a rectangular block-shaped air guide base. A vertical compression support plate 312 is integrally formed at the upper center of the air guide base. A horizontal compression cover plate 313 is integrally formed at the top of the compression support plate 312. The compression cover plate 313 is larger than the size of the inlet. Steps are provided on the left and right sides of the compression cover plate 313 to press against the edges of the outer box beam 302 of the inlet. An air guide channel 307 is provided inside the air guide base. An air guide inlet 311, communicating with the air guide channel 307, is opened on the side wall of the air guide base facing the tail end of the box beam 302. The air guide channel 307 is funnel-shaped, with the larger end connecting the air guide channel 307 and the air guide inlet 311, thus increasing the primary air volume entering the air guide base from the upper air passage 304. An air guide outlet 314, communicating with the air guide channel 307, is opened on the side wall of the air guide base facing the integrated blade grate 101. The top of the closed side beam 301 has multiple pin holes distributed along its length. The bottom of the air guide base has through holes that align with the pin holes on the closed side beam 301. The pressure air guide base 305 is positioned to the top of the closed side beam 301 by the positioning pin 308, so that the air guide outlet 314 on the air guide base is aligned with the socket on the box beam 302. The top of the box beam 302 is bolted with a top heat insulation plate 309, and the side wall heat insulation plate 310 is bolted to the side wall of the box beam 302 facing the integrated blade grate 101.

[0059] Combination Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, multiple L-shaped support guide seats 204 are bolted along the length of the side wall of the closed side beam 301 facing the integrated movable grate plate. The inner side of the support guide seat 204 faces the integrated movable grate plate. The vertical inner wall of the support guide seat 204 is connected to the guide roller 205 through bearings and pins. The transverse inner wall of the support guide seat 204 is connected to the support roller 206 through bearings and pins.

[0060] Combination Figure 2 , Figure 5 , Figure 6As shown, the integrated movable grate plate includes a one-piece cast strip-shaped movable grate piece 201. Movable support plates 202 are provided on both the front and rear longitudinal sides of the movable grate piece 201. Positioning steps 207 are provided on the upper edges of the left and right ends of the movable support plates 202. The sidewalls of the positioning steps 207 are inclined towards the center of the movable support plate 202, forming an angle 208 with the step surface. The width of the step surface of the right-end positioning step 207 of the movable support plate 202 is greater than that of the left end. Four sets of light holes 210 are arranged side-by-side on the step surface of the right-end positioning step 207 of the movable support plate 202. Through-holes vents 209 are provided on the step surface between the four sets of light holes 210. A drive truss 203 is bolted to the bottom of the movable support plate 202. The drive truss 203 includes two parallel tie rods, with bolts passing through the light holes 210. Each tie rod is connected to the movable support plate 202 through two sets of light holes 210.

[0061] Combination Figure 5 , Figure 6As shown, movable grate plates 201 are placed on the step surface of the positioning step 207 of the movable support plate 202. After multiple integrated movable grate plates are combined, a non-standard dovetail groove structure is formed between adjacent movable support plates 202 to clamp the movable grate plates 201. An air duct 502 is provided inside the movable grate plate 201 along its length. The movable grate plate 201 has closed ends and an open bottom. Several primary air holes 701 communicating with the air duct 502 are arranged side-by-side along the upper part of the movable grate plate 201 along its length. The movable grate plate 201 is composed of several parallel block grate heads 501. Each block grate head 501 is a wedge-shaped, frustum-shaped hollow shell with an inclined front 504, back 506, top surface 505, and two sides. The inclination angles of the front 504 and back 506 are different. This, combined with the grate installation inclination angle, allows for different mixing effects on the material layer during use. The front 504 easily enters the material layer, contacts the material, and lifts the material layer; the back 506 has difficulty entering the material layer, compresses the material, and pushes the material layer. The front 504 ends of two adjacent block grate heads 501 are flush, while the back 506 and top 505 are staggered. The heights of adjacent block grate heads 501 are different, so that adjacent block grate heads 501 have top 505 and side surfaces with different inclination angles, which can enhance the mixing effect on the material layer. Multiple block grate heads 501 are integrally cast to form an integral movable grate plate 201. The block grate heads 501 can be grouped one, two, or three. The air ducts 502 between adjacent groups are welded with reinforcing ribs 507. The reinforcing ribs 507 can enhance the structural strength of the movable grate plate 201 in the length direction. The bottom center of the reinforcing ribs 507 is arched upward, and three parallel ventilation holes 508 are opened on the reinforcing ribs 507 for primary air to pass through. The front 504 of two adjacent block grate heads 501 are flush, while the back 506 and top 505 are staggered. The heights of adjacent block grate heads 501 are different, thus forming a sawtooth structure. This sawtooth structure, combined with the reinforcing ribs 507 set in the air duct 502, creates V-shaped flaps between adjacent block grate heads 501 in the air duct 502. These V-shaped flaps also enhance the structural strength of the movable grate plates 201, as well as turbulent airflow, uniform air distribution, balanced channel pressure, and enhanced cooling effect on the grate. The back 506 of the block grate head 501 is provided with a primary air hole 701 that communicates with the air duct 502. The primary air hole 701 gradually expands into the block grate head 501, forming an inverted trumpet shape.

[0062] Combination Figure 5 , Figure 6As shown, multiple movable support plates 202 are arranged side by side from left to right. A non-standard dovetail groove structure is formed by the combination of positioning steps 207 on two movable support plates 202, which clamps and fixes the lower part of the movable grate plate 201 in a dovetail shape. The multiple movable support plates 202 and the movable grate plate 201 form an integral, fully enclosed, and gapless grate surface to support the waste material layer. The length of the movable grate plate 201 is less than the length of the positioning steps 207. The side wall insulation plate 310 connected to the box beam 302 in the side beam assembly protrudes from the enclosed side beam 301. After installation in the incinerator, the portions of the movable support plates 202 extending beyond the movable grate plate 201 at both ends are inserted below the side wall insulation plate 310. This creates a bending gap between the movable grate plate and the side beam assembly that can laterally expand and contract within a certain range during operation, greatly reducing slag leakage and jamming. In this way, the air enters directly from below the movable support plate 202 through the air hole 209 and the bottom opening of the movable grate plate 201 into the air duct 502 inside the movable grate plate 201, and then exits from the primary air hole 701.

[0063] like Figure 7 , Figure 9 As shown, the integrated blade grate 101 includes a grate shaft 119, on which grate plates are connected. Each grate plate includes a base web 106 and thirteen blade grate heads 109 arranged side-by-side on the base web 106. Adjacent blade grate heads 109 on the grate plate have the same dimensions. The base web 106 has an arc-shaped cross-section, and connecting holes are provided on the base web 106 between adjacent blade grate heads 109. Figure 8 As shown, the blade grate head 109 is a hollow wedge-shaped structure with blades on its edges, combined with... Figure 10 As shown, the blade comprises, in sequence, an arc-shaped sliding blade 114, an arc-shaped top blade 116, and a straight cutting blade 117. The blade grate head 109 has two curved, panel-shaped side plates 115. The roots of the sliding blade 114, top blade 116, and cutting blade 117 are welded and fixed to the side plates 115, which are welded to the base web 106. The internal cavity of the blade grate head 109 is an air chamber 105. A vent hole 107 communicating with the air chamber 105 is provided on the base web 106, and a primary air hole 701 communicating with the air chamber 105 is provided on the blade grate head 109, located on the side plate 115. The grate shaft 119 has positioning screw holes corresponding to the connecting holes. Set screws 104, which pass through and connect to the connecting holes and positioning screw holes, connect the base web 106 of the grate plate to the grate shaft 119. The grate shaft 119 has an internal axial air duct 103 along its length. The grate shaft 119 has an outlet 108 in the middle that communicates with the web ventilation hole 107, and an inlet 102 at the end that communicates with the axial air duct 103. A power mechanism for driving rotation is connected to the end of the blade grate head 109. Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the power mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder 111 hinged to the drive truss 203. A crank 110 is hinged to the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder 111. A bushing 120 is welded to the end of the crank 110. The end of the grate shaft 119 is inserted into the bushing 120 and connected by bolts or key blocks.

[0064] Combination Figure 4 As shown, the end of the grate shaft 119 passes through the slot on the box beam 302 and is inserted into the air outlet 314 of the air guide base. The axial air duct 103 inside the grate shaft 119 is connected to the air outlet 314 through the air inlet 102 at the end. An elastic clamping pad 306 is provided between the end of the grate shaft 119 and the top wall of the air guide duct 307 to press the grate shaft 119 against the air guide duct 307, thereby achieving a fixed connection between the two ends of the integrated blade grate plate 101 and the side beam assembly. This method provides a certain amount of free expansion and contraction compensation space through the insertion depth of the grate shaft 119 in the side beam assembly. During the use of the incinerator, it can compensate for the gap changes between the integrated blade grate plate 101 and the side beam assembly caused by temperature changes, ensuring that the integrated blade grate plate 101 is installed stably and reliably and will not leak slag or get stuck.

[0065] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 4 As shown, the side plate 115 of the blade grate head 109 is provided with a primary air hole 701 that communicates with the axial air duct 103. In this way, the primary air enters the lower ventilation duct 303 from the head end of the closed side beam 301, flows from the head end to the tail end of the closed side beam 301 in the lower ventilation duct 303, enters the upper ventilation duct 304 in the box beam 302 at the tail end of the closed side beam 301, flows from the tail end to the head end of the box beam 302 in the upper ventilation duct 304, and during the flow in the upper ventilation duct 304, it enters the air guide duct 307 through the air guide inlet 311 of the air guide base, enters the air guide duct 307 through the air inlet 102 of the grate shaft 119 and enters the axial air duct 103 inside the grate shaft 119, and is then discharged laterally from the primary air hole 701 on the blade grate head 109. Here, the head end refers to the end of the side beam assembly facing the feed side of the incinerator, and the tail end refers to the end of the side beam assembly facing the discharge side of the incinerator.

[0066] In practical use, the integrated rotatable grate assembly of this embodiment serves as the grate of a waste incinerator. The side beam assembly provides installation support for the integrated blade grate 101 and acts as the primary air supply channel for the integrated blade grate 101. The primary air enters the lower ventilation duct 303 from the head end of the side beam assembly, absorbs heat from the incinerator during the process of passing through the lower ventilation duct 303, preheats the temperature, and reduces heat loss from the air chamber. At the tail end of the closed side beam 301, it enters the upper ventilation duct 304 in the box beam 302. The primary air heated in the upper ventilation duct 304 can continue to absorb heat from the combustion of materials, reduce heat loss from the side beam assembly, and appropriately reduce the operating temperature of the side beam assembly. Finally, the primary air enters the axial air duct 103 inside the grate shaft 119 from the air guide base and is discharged from the primary air hole 701. The heated primary air can better dry and aid combustion of the waste around the integrated blade grate 101. The movable support plate 202 provides installation support for the movable grate plate 201 and provides primary air to the movable grate plate 201 through the air holes 209 on it. The primary air enters the movable grate plate 201 through the movable support plate 202 and is discharged to provide air for combustion. At the same time, it can absorb the heat conducted by the garbage combustion on the integrated movable grate plate and provide a certain cooling effect to the movable support plate 202.

[0067] The movable support plate 202 and the movable grate plates 201 also serve as supports for the waste layer. The integrated movable grate plate, composed of the movable support plate 202 and the movable grate plates 201, forms the movable grate structure that carries the waste layer in the grate. During the operation of the incinerator, the waste layer is stacked on the grate surface formed by the movable support plate 202 and the movable grate plates 201, which is an integral, fully enclosed, and gapless structure, for combustion. The drive truss 203 at the bottom of the movable support plate 202 uses existing technology such as a linkage structure 401 to connect to the hydraulic drive cylinder 402. Under the drive of the hydraulic drive cylinder 402, the integrated movable grate plate moves reciprocally in a linear motion, thereby causing several movable grate plates 201 to move synchronously. The movable grate plates 201 and the integrated blade grate plates 101 fixed between the side beam components form a relative motion. The integrated blade grate 101 is driven to reciprocate by a crank 110 and a hydraulic cylinder 111 connected to the grate shaft 119. The block grate head 501 pushes and cuts the piled waste layer from the bottom, making the waste layer unstable and causing it to turn over, break up, and loosen. The block grate head 501 with its wedge-shaped truncated pyramid structure makes the turning and breaking up of the waste particularly effective. Furthermore, during operation, the movable grate 201 and the integrated blade grate 101 do not have direct contact, eliminating the wear problem between them found in existing technologies. The blade grate head 109 reciprocates with the grate shaft 119, and the sliding blade 114 and cutting blade 117 repeatedly cut the waste, further cutting and breaking up the waste layer, effectively preventing flexible waste from tangling, and more thoroughly breaking up and loosening the waste.

[0068] The primary air duct inside the side beam assembly connects to the primary air chamber of the incinerator. The primary air, heated by the side beam assembly, enters the integrated blade grate 101, flows along the axial air duct 103 inside the grate shaft 119, traverses the entire grate, and is discharged laterally from the primary air holes 701 on each blade grate head 109. The air holes 209 on the movable support plate 202 connect to the primary air chamber of the incinerator. The primary air enters the movable grate 201 through the air holes 209 and air inlets, and is then discharged longitudinally from the primary air holes 701 on each block grate head 501. This staggered discharge of primary air from the integrated blade grate 101 and the movable grate 201 allows for more effective dispersion and more comprehensive contact between the waste and the primary air, ensuring complete combustion of the waste and more concentrated combustion heat. Since the movable support plate 202 is located at the bottom of the grate, and the integrated blade grate plate 101 and the movable grate plate 201 are integral in the horizontal direction, the ash and unburned debris generated by the combustion of the waste material layer will not fall below the movable support plate 202 during the operation of the grate, and will not affect the primary air chamber below and the driving structure of the movable support plate 202.

[0069] In the integrated rotatable grate assembly, multiple integrated movable grate plates are longitudinally combined and positioned by a drive truss 203, and driven synchronously by the drive truss 203; multiple integrated blade grate plates 101 are longitudinally arranged side by side and positioned by a side beam assembly, and the multiple integrated blade grate plates 101 are synchronously reciprocated by connecting sprockets and synchronous chains 118 between the ends of the grate shaft 119 extending to the outside of the side beam assembly.

[0070] Example 2, the difference between this example and Example 1 is that, as Figure 13 , Figure 14 As shown, the air guide channel 307 in the compressed air guide seat 305 is a rectangular straight air guide channel 307, which can reduce the amount of primary air intake and is applicable to different incinerators.

[0071] Example 3, the difference between this example and Example 1 is that, as Figure 15 As shown, a dovetail groove is provided in the middle of a single movable support plate 202. The dovetail groove is used to install movable grate plates 201. Air holes 209 are also machined in the dovetail groove. In this way, movable grate plates 201 can also be installed in the middle of a single movable support plate 202. Movable grate plates 201 can also be installed at the joints of multiple movable support plates 202 arranged longitudinally. In this way, multiple movable grate plates 201 can be integrated and installed on a single movable support plate 202, which can further improve the overall integrity, further simplify the system, and reduce the assembly and maintenance cycle.

[0072] Example 4, the difference between this example and Example 1 is that, as Figure 16 , Figure 17 As shown, two grate blades are symmetrically connected to a single grate shaft 119. The blades 109 on the two grate blades are aligned and distributed. The power mechanism includes a motor 112 and a reduction gearbox 113. The end of the grate shaft 119 is connected to the reduction gearbox 113, which outputs the power from the motor 112 to the grate shaft 119 after speed reduction. Figure 18 , Figure 19 As shown in the embodiment, the power output by the motor 112 can drive the grate shaft 119 to reciprocate. The structural design of the two grate plates can cut, break up and loosen the waste material layer to a greater depth.

[0073] Example 5, the difference between this example and Example 1 is that, as Figure 20 , 21 As shown, two integrated blade grate plates 101 are arranged side by side between two adjacent movable grate plates 201, and the blade grate heads 109 of these two integrated blade grate plates 101 are laterally staggered. This can further improve the mixing effect after the waste material layer is broken up and cut. In this embodiment, two are used as a preferred method. However, without departing from the technical solution of this invention, more than two integrated blade grate plates 101 can also be used to obtain a better mixing effect after the waste material layer is broken up and cut.

[0074] Example 6, the difference between this example and Example 4 is that, as Figure 22 As shown, two grate plates are symmetrically connected to a single grate shaft 119, and the blade grate heads 109 on the two grate plates are staggered, which enables more comprehensive and thorough cutting, breaking up and loosening of the waste material layer at a greater depth.

[0075] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention, and common knowledge such as specific technical solutions and / or characteristics are not described in detail here. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. These modifications and improvements will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the present invention or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. An integrated rotatable grate assembly, characterized in that: The system includes integrated blade grate plates, integrated movable grate plates, and side beam assemblies. The integrated blade grate plates and integrated movable grate plates are arranged side-by-side between the side beam assemblies. The integrated blade grate plates include a grate shaft that extends transversely between the side beam assemblies. An axial air duct is provided inside the grate shaft along its length. An air outlet communicating with the axial air duct is located in the middle of the grate shaft, and an air inlet communicating with the axial air duct is located at the end of the grate head. A grate plate, which is an integral strip-shaped plate along the transverse direction of the grate, is connected to the grate shaft. The grate plate includes a base web and multiple blade grate heads arranged side-by-side on the base web. The blade grate heads are hollow wedge-shaped with blades on their edges. The interior of the blade grate head is hollow. The cavity is a gas chamber. The base web plate has a vent hole that connects the gas outlet to the gas chamber. The blade grate head has a primary air hole that connects to the gas chamber. The end of the grate shaft is connected to a power mechanism that drives the rotation. The integrated movable grate plate includes an integral movable grate piece that spans between the two side beam assemblies. Movable support plates are provided on the front and rear sides of the movable grate piece. The movable support plates are located below the integrated blade grate piece. The movable grate piece and the integrated blade grate piece are arranged alternately side by side. Multiple movable support plates are longitudinally spliced ​​to form an integral grate surface. The bottom of the movable support plate is connected to a drive assembly. The side beam assembly is provided with a support and guide assembly that supports and guides the drive assembly.

2. The integrated rotatable grate assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side beam assembly is provided with a primary air channel, and the axial air channel is connected to the primary air channel in the side beam assembly through the air inlet holes at both ends of the grate shaft; the blades sequentially include an arc-shaped sliding blade, an arc-shaped top blade, and a straight cutting blade; the grate head of the blade is provided with two curved panel-shaped side plates, and the roots of the sliding blade, top blade, and cutting blade are all connected to the side plates, which are fixedly connected to the web of the base, and the primary air holes are opened on the side plates; multiple grate plates are axially symmetrically connected to a single grate shaft.

3. The integrated rotatable grate assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: Positioning steps are provided at the upper edges of both longitudinal ends of the movable support plate. The positioning steps of two adjacent movable support plates are combined to form a dovetail groove structure to clamp and position the movable grate plates.

4. The integrated rotatable grate assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that: The positioning step and the dovetail groove are provided with several air holes. The movable grate plate is provided with an air duct inside, which is connected to the air holes. The upper part of the movable grate plate is provided with a primary air hole that is connected to the air duct.

5. The integrated rotatable grate assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that: The movable grate plate is composed of several parallel block grate heads. The block grate head is a wedge-shaped quadrangular frustum with an inclined front, back, top surface and two sides. The primary air hole is located on the back of the block grate head and gradually expands into the interior of the block grate head to form an inverted trumpet shape.

6. The integrated rotatable grate assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that: A dovetail groove for installing movable grate plates is opened in the middle of a single movable support plate along the transverse direction, so that at least one movable grate plate is integrated and installed on a single movable support plate. At least one integrated blade grate plate is provided between adjacent movable grate plates, so that at least one integrated blade grate plate is provided above a single movable support plate, and the blade grate heads on adjacent integrated blade grate plates are arranged in an alternating manner.

7. The integrated rotatable grate assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side beam assembly includes vertically stacked closed side beams and box beams. Both the closed side beams and box beams are hollow and connected at their tail ends. Multiple insertion holes are opened along the length direction on the side wall of the box beam facing the integrated blade grate plate. The end of the grate shaft passes through the insertion holes and communicates with the interior of the box beam.

8. The integrated rotatable grate assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that: The top of the box girder has multiple insertion ports corresponding to the insertion ports along its length. A pressing air guide seat is inserted into the insertion port. The top of the pressing air guide seat is provided with a pressing cover plate that presses against the box girder outside the insertion port. The pressing air guide seat has an air guide channel with an opening facing the tail end of the box girder. An air guide outlet communicating with the air guide channel is opened on the side wall of the pressing air guide seat facing the insertion port. The end of the grate shaft passes through the insertion port and the air guide inlet and extends into the air guide channel.

9. The integrated rotatable grate assembly according to claim 8, characterized in that: Insulation plates are fixed to the top of the box girder and the side wall facing the integrated blade girder. The pressing cover plate is fixed to the insulation plate at the top of the box girder. The side end of the movable support plate extends into the underside of the insulation plate at the side end of the box girder, and a bending gap is formed between the side end of the movable support plate and the insulation plate.

10. The integrated rotatable grate assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that: The drive assembly is a drive truss that is driven by a hydraulic linkage mechanism to perform linear reciprocating motion. The support and guide assembly is a support and guide seat connected to the closed side beam. The support and guide seat is rotatably connected to guide rollers that guide the drive truss from the side and support rollers that support the drive truss from the bottom.

Images