2923 results about "Biomass fuels" patented technology

A method and system for environmental control and supplementary power generation in conventional and hybrid vehicle applications is presented. A thermoelectric heat pump function regulates vehicular interior temperature environments and uses the waste heat from a vehicles engine to power thermocouples and generate supplemental electrical current to power electrical devices. Thermocouples are used to gauge changes in temperature. The Peltier Effect is used to provide both primary cabin environmental control and supplementary power generation for motorized vehicle applications. Thermoelectric generators can be used for both primary internal climate control and supplementary power generation in the vehicular environment. Thermoelectric heat pumps' special characteristics are used to provide (a) primary cabin environment control including cooling, heating, dehumidifying, defrosting, pre-heating/pre-cooling and (b) supplemental DC power generation functions for conventional fossil fueled and/or biomass-fueled vehicles as well as emerging hybrid or all electric vehicle applications.

The invention relates to a sludge treatment process based on a hydrothermal modification technology. The sludge treatment process is carried out by comprising the following steps of: (1) temporarily storing the sludge which is subjected to mechanical dehydration and has the water content of 70-85% to a pretreatment unit and deodorizing the sludge; (2) introducing to a homogeneous device, fully mixing and homogenizing, introducing the homogenized sludge to a slurrying device, introducing the slurried sludge to a hydrothermal reactor for hydrothermal reaction, and introducing the hydrothermal sludge to a flash evaporator for decompression and flash evaporation; (3) cooling to 35-45 DEG C by using a cooler, then introducing to a high-pressure diaphragm pressure filter for pressure filtering and dehydration to obtain a dehydrated mud cake with the solid content of 35-45% and dehydrated filtrate; (4) introducing the dehydrated filtrate to an intermediate temperature anaerobic reactor, wherein the residence time is for 5.5-7.5d, the inlet water temperature is controlled below 40 DEG C, and the anaerobic reaction temperature is 30-40 DEG C; and (5) preparing a biomass fuel rod by using the dehydrated mud cake, and introducing the biomass fuel rod to a boiler to provide steam for the hydrothermal reactor and the flash evaporator. The sludge treatment process has the advantages of goodtreatment effect, obvious volume reduction effect, high harmless degree, recycling of methane, good economic benefit and the like.

Disclosed is a gasification technique for converting biomass, which is difficult to treat, into clean gas fuel able to be burned in a cogeneration system. The gasification technique includes first stage fluidized-bed catalytic gasification, and second stage gasification of tar and catalytic reforming to convert nitrogen in tar, and HCN in a flammable gas into NH₃, unlike conventional gasification techniques. In addition, since the temperature of a total gasification process is lower than a melting point of ash, powdery ash is generated and thus easily treated. Also, little heat is released due to the low process temperature, and therefore, a compact reactor may be designed to produce gas having a high caloric value. Further, the generated tar is recovered and reused in other processes, and the gas fuel contains a small amount of ammonia.

A method for producing a gasifier feedstock with uniform gasification characteristics from a number of biomass sources which each exhibit differences in their drying, pyrolysis, devolatization or gasification characteristics. The method allows biomass from a wide range and sources and with a wide range of gasification characteristics to be utilized within a gasifier without modification of the gasifier unit. The method produces a fuel pellet with controllable size, density and moisture content. The method smoothes any changes in calorific value which may exist between different feedstocks. It has been found that the gasification characteristics of a pellet formed in this way is strongly dependant upon the shape, moisture content and density of the pellet formed and less sensitive to the origin of the biomass feedstock.

The invention relates to a method for recycling resources, in particular to a method for preparing biomass fuel from kitchen waste resources. The method for preparing biomass fuel from kitchen waste according to the present invention comprises sorting and crushing the kitchen waste, then dehydrating and deoiling, and anaerobically fermenting the solid materials in the kitchen waste after extracting the oil, and degrading the produced biogas Recycling, solid-liquid separation of the biogas slurry, the separated biogas residue is mixed with sludge, straw and other biomass materials, and dried and briquetted to make biomass fuel. The invention recycles kitchen waste and turns waste into treasure. It not only realizes the harmless and reduction treatment of kitchen waste, but also treats biomass waste such as sludge and straw, and the obtained products are completely burned without any waste. Secondary pollution, realize the comprehensive treatment of various wastes.

Various smoke and combustible gas combustors (200, 300) are disclosed, and also disclosed are systems (100, 200) combining gas combustor with inventive burner. Such a burner (100 or 100') provides combustion of a particulate fuel such as sawdust, and many types of varying moisture content biomass fuels such as poultry litter. The combustors and burners exhibit a high turndown ratio ["TDR"].The smoke or combustible gas combustors (200, 300) are combined synergistically with such a burner (100, 100'), or combined with another suitable burner, so as to provide high temperature burner output gases to the combustor, which has coaxial inner and outer combustion chambers (352, 356) inlet tuyere(s) connected to the inner combustion chamber for introducing combustible smoke or other gases to be burned into the inner combustion chamber at one end thereof with cyclonic flow, and in which combustion air is mixed with combustible smoke or other gases to form a gas stream moving through the inner combustion chamber with cyclonic movement. A preheat tube (331) within the combustible gas heating chamber receives heated exhaust gases from the burner, and communicates with the inner combustion chamber exit through a plurality of apertures (364) for controlled flow of said heated exhaust gases into the gas stream and so heating same by mixing the exhaust gases with the stream of air and combustible gases.

The invention relates to a low temperature solar energy-biomass energy combined heat and power system and a generating process. The system comprises a heat transfer fluid (such as heat transfer oil, ionic liquid, and water) circulation loop, a working medium circulation loop of an organic Rankine cycle, a heating furnace smoke discharge pipeline, a hot water heating loop and a cooling water loop. A heating furnace is used for supplementing heat for the heat transfer fluid or used as a standby heat source, and the heating surface uses dimethyl ether, heavy oil, biomass or low-grade cheap fuel made from the biomass; propane (R290), pentafluoropropane (R245fa) and the like are used as circulation working media; the exhaust heat regeneration quantity of the organic Rankine cycle can be adjusted according to the heating demand of a user; and a solar concentrator of the system is a solar concentration and waste heat recovery integrated vacuum flat-plate concentrator with a heat regenerating measure at the bottom, and the waste heat of exhaust smoke of the heating furnace can be recovered while fully using solar energy. The system can directly and efficiently convert a large quantity of low-grade biomass fuel and low-density solar energy into electric energy and supplies heat to users at the same time.

A process for producing molded fuel by using agricultural waste belonging to a solid-fuel technology field and the objective is to resolve the problem of waste utilization. The technical scheme is showed as follows: straw, sawdust, wood chips, rice crust, bagasse and other agricultural waste and liquid waste of paper are used as raw materials to produce molded fuel by drying, grinding, mixing, and so on. The invention produces molded fuel with agriculture waste and liquid waste of paper as raw materials, not only saving raw materials costs, but also reducing pollution emissions. And the adhesion of some materials in liquid waste of paper are used without heating block, thus no heating loss, but also reducing the abrasion of mechanical equipment and heat loss of raw materials caused by heating. In addition, liquid waste of paper contains 3 to 5 percent of alkaline substances, which can enhance the activity of combustion. Molded fuel produced by using the process provided by the invention which is characterized in flammability, high heat value, non-polluting, low cost, and so on.

The invention discloses a kitchen waste and food waste treatment process and a kitchen waste and food waste treatment system. The process comprises steps as follows: mixtures of kitchen waste and food waste are sorted by an automatic sorting table and put into a pre-treatment pulverizer for pulverizing; a liquid-phase mixture obtained through the automatic sorting table and an oil-water mixture separated from the pulverizer enter oil-water separating equipment for oil-water separation; a water phase separated from the oil-water separating equipment is filtered and is discharged as life irrigating water finally; an oil phase enters biological separating equipment for biological separation, and biological oil is prepared finally. The kitchen waste and the food waste pulverized by the pre-treatment pulverizer are taken as nutrition sources and are put into a polypide cultivation production line for saprophagous polypide cultivation, adult polypides enter a dryer for drying treatment and are processed and produced into feedstuff for poultry, fish and the like, polypide waste and residues are degraded, a part of a degraded material is used for generating electricity in a biomass fuel mode, and the other part is packed and transported outwards in an organic fertilizer mode for use.

The invention discloses an industrialized treatment facility and method for catering wastes. The facility is composed of a filter, an oil-water separator, an oil sump, a sedimentation tank, a neutralization and deodorization tank, a storage tank, a tail gas absorption system, a waste water treatment system and a waste residue treatment system, wherein the filter and the oil-water separator are arranged in the oil sump, the oil sump, the sedimentation tank, the neutralization and deodorization tank and the storage tank are sequentially communicated; a waste water pump is arranged between the oil sump and the sedimentation tank, and a boiled oil pump is arranged between the sedimentation tank and the neutralization deodorization tank; and the tail gas absorption system is respectively communicated with the filter, the oil-water separator, the sedimentation tank and the neutralization and deodorization tank. The production process in the invention comprises six procedures of solid-residue separation, oil-water separation, neutralization and deodorization, tail gas purification, sewage treatment and waste residue treatment. In the invention, catering wastes are subjected to physical and chemical treatment under the close condition, and no waste gas, waste residue or waste water is discharged; separation, deodorization, decolourization and other technologies are utilized to separate waste oil from the catering wastes, and the waste oil is used for producing industrial production raw materials of biodiesel, lubricating grease and the like; and 'three wastes' produced in the production process are recycled by adopting chemical and physical methods, thus biomass fuel, reuse water for life and purified air are obtained. The invention thoroughly avoids secondary pollution in waste oil refining and separating process and realizes recycling of waste water, waste gas and waste residue.

The invention relates to a biomass vaporizing combustion coupled type cyclone boiler, solving the problems of low thermal efficiency, high tar content in vaporizing gas, easy scorification of a high-temperature heating surface and the like existing in the current biomass boiler, and comprising a jacketed type boiler body and a feeding device thereof, a primary air fan, a secondary air fan, a water circulating pump, an ash slurry pond and a flue water fog deduster. The invention has the technical points that the secondary air fan is connected with the jacket of the boiler body, and an atomizing nozzle is arranged on the inner side of an outer boiler wall; secondary air and water vapour tangential jet holes are distributed on the circumference of an inner boiler wall; one end of a small spiral feeder of the feeding device is connected with the inner cavity of a vaporizing combustion chamber, and the other end is connected with the secondary air fan by a feeding air valve; the vaporizing combustion chamber and a complete combustion chamber are communicated. The invention has reasonable structure design and stable operation and strengthens effects of heat transfer and fuel vaporization, which can increase the transformation efficiency of biomass energy and heat values of biomass fuel vaporizing products, and thus, the biomass fuel is completely and sufficiently burnt, thereby saving energy, increasing the heat efficiency of the boiler, protecting environment and reducing environmental pollution.

The catalytic behaviour of vanadia-supported zeolite catalysts with different SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratios was tested for the SCR of NO with ammonia. The SCR activity was found to be directly correlated to the total acidity of the catalysts. On the surface of these zeolites the V₂O₅ was highly dispersed and amorphous in nature. After the impregnation with vanadium and subsequent poisoning with potassium oxide not much change in micro-pore structure of HZSM5 was observed by N₂ adsorption studies. Interestingly, potassium-doped HZSM5 and HMORDENITE catalysts showed high resistance to deactivation because of the unique nature of the material exhibiting higher surface area and acidity than the conventional V₂O₅—WO_x/ZrO₂ or TiO₂ catalysts. Consequently, a possible application of these alkali-tolerant SCR catalysts in biomass fired power plants can be envisaged.

A unique process and catalyst is described that operates efficiently at low pressures for the direct production of a high cetane diesel type fuel or diesel type blending stock from stoichiometric mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This invention allows for, but is not limited to, the economical and efficient production high quality diesel type fuels from small or distributed fuel production plants that have an annual production capacity of less than 100 million gallons per year by eliminating traditional hydrocracking and other costly upgrading processes. This catalytic process is ideal for distributed diesel fuel production plants such as biomass to fuel production plants and stranded natural gas to diesel fuel production plants, and other applications that require optimized economics based on supporting distributed feedstock resources.

The invention discloses a medium/low-temperature core-shell denitration catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of air pollution control. Main raw materials consist of a titanium-based nano tube, soluble salt of cerium and soluble salt of manganese, wherein a carrier shell of the catalyst is formed by the titanium-based nano tube, and an active nanoparticle core is formed by oxides of cerium and manganese. The molar ratio of the total amount of cerium and manganese to the amount of titanium is (0.02-0.12):1, the molar ratio of cerium to manganese is more than 0.5 or less than 0.25, and when the molar ratio of cerium to manganese is between 0.25 and 0.5, the catalyst has good activity in a medium-temperature zone, a low-temperature zone and a medium/low-temperature zone. The preparation method comprises the steps of soaking the titanium-based nano tube in an organic solvent, adding the soluble salt of cerium and the soluble salt of manganese, impregnating, drying and roasting, thereby obtaining the medium/low-temperature core-shell denitration catalyst. The catalyst has broad application prospects in treatment of waste gases with high contents of solid toxic components, such as exhaust gas of industrial furnaces, flue gas of power plants using biomass fuels and the like.

Disclosed herein is an economical method for efficiently drying the plant-derived biomass for which there has been no established method for disposal and reuse. This drying method does not impair the value of plant-derived biomass as a fuel. Disclosed also herein is a method for producing a biomass fuel from the plant-derived biomass which has been dried by the aforesaid method. The drying method consists of dehydrating (drying) plant-derived biomass in oil with heating and modifying it simultaneously. Drying in this way partly decomposes the plant-derived biomass, thereby yielding a good constituent for biomass fuel.

The invention relates to a preparation method for a biomass fuel and belongs to the technical field of biomass fuels. The method comprises the steps of preparing the following raw materials: 35-45% of rice husks, 35-45% of straws, 1-1.5% of oxidizing agent, 2-3.5% of combustion improver, 8-12% of binder and 12-15% of bulking agent; crushing rice husks and straws, uniformly mixing the crushed rice husks and the crushed straws with the oxidizing agent and the combustion improver, adding the bulking agent, mixing the bulking agent with the above materials, and finally adding the binder to obtain granular products. The biomass fuel can be fully combusted. Meanwhile, the combustion product of the biomass fuel is rich in a variety of elements and can be used as an agricultural fertilizer. Therefore, the cyclic utilization of the biomass fuel is realized and the environment is prevented from being polluted.

The invention discloses a biological circulation fluidized bed combustion method and a biological fueled circulation fluidized bed boiler; the fluidized bed boiler comprises a boiler cavity, a clutch, a material refeeder, a tail chimney, wherein, the boiler cavity is provided with a superheater high temperature section, and the tail chimney is provided with a superheater low temperature section. Through the arrangement of heating surfaces of the boiler cavity and the tail chimney and other auxiliary measures, the temperature of the upper part of the boiler cavity is controlled at 550 to 800 DEG C, the outlet steam temperature of the tail heating surface is controlled at 350 to 400 DEG C, so as to solve the problem that: the temperature distribution of the boiler cavity is unreasonable, and the material concentration of the lower part of the boiler cavity is too low when the biological fuels are combusted in the circulation fluidized bed based on the stable fire, complete consumption of biological fuels , so that the temperature distribution in the boiler cavity tends to be equalized and the boiler cavity can be prevented from clinkering, and the accumulated ashes on the heating surfaces can also be prevented from being clinkered, furthermore, the boiler output capacity can be ensured, and a high steam parameter can also be achieved to ensure the generation efficiency.

The invention relates to a method and a system for continuously separating alcohol and utilizing residual heat on the basis of solid state fermentation material, which belongs to the technical field of biomass fuel alcohol. The method mainly comprises the following steps: tight-line pumping, feeding into tower, distributing, stripping alcohol, discharging residue, utilizing residual heat and the like. The system achieves residual heat reutilization through the following two approaches which comprises firstly, looping back residual liquid to outer cylinder clamp ferrules of a closed ring groove rotating disc stripping tower, heating up material and closed tunnel outer clamp ferrules preheating fermentation material, secondly, complementing solid state distillation steam consumption through electrically heating. The alcohol-residue continuous separation technique and closed ring groove rotating disc alcohol stripping tower which are proposed by the invention are suitable for stripping alcohol in solid state fermentation products of sugar or starch such as sweet sorghum stalks and the like, which achieves a goal of automatically feeding and discharging, and continuously separating alcohol and residue, and the method of the invention effectively utilizes reactor residual liquid hidden heat, which complements partial steam gas, and achieves the superiorities of high net energy ratio of solid state fermentation path sweet sorghum alcohol and low environmental load.

The invention relates to a biomass boiling gasification burning method and device, which is characterized in that: blow the biomass fuel from a material inlet of a gasification firebox to the gasification firebox; the biomass fuel boils under the action of a primary flow raising from the bottom of the gasification firebox; then the biomass fuel burns incompletely under boiling status after lighted up to generate with high temperature combustible gas which can be discharged by a gas burner for direct burning. The boiling gasification burning device comprises a feeding mechanism, an air supply mechanism and the gasification firebox; a gas burner for discharging high temperature fuel gas is arranged at middle upper section of the side wall of the gasification firebox; a discharging opening of the feeding mechanism is positioned on the side wall of the gasification firebox lower than the gas burned and is communicated with the gasification firebox; a wind arrangement device is arranged at bottom of the gasification firebox; the air supply mechanism provides the gasification firebox with the primary flow through the wind arrangement device, which is communicated with the discharging opening of the feeding mechanism through the a feeding air pipe.

The invention discloses a biomass fuel boiler based on the original coal burning boiler. A primary air chamber, secondary air ports respectively equipped in a feed pipe and in a furnace cavity below the feed pipe, and a plurality of air ports equipped at the left and right sides of the furnace cavity and staggeredly arranged are connected with an air preheater, and a regulating baffle is respectively provided in each air ports. The invention realizes complete combustion of biomass fuel with suspension combustion as main combustion manner and grate firing as auxiliary combustion manner. As an improvement, the cross-sectional area of the combustion zone in the furnace cavity is larger than the burnout zone; a dregs condensing pipe equipped with a cooling water passage is provided at the inlet port of a first smoke flue; superheaters are disposed at different positions of the boiler in accordance with the type of biomass fuel; a vertical shaft smoke flue at tail portion is sequentially connected with a dust remover and an induced fan; and an adjacent furnace heating device is respectively equipped in the furnace cavity and the lower header tanks of the water-cooled wall of the first and second smoke flues. The invention can prevent high temperature corrosion, assure heat exchange efficiency and storage bin safety, shorten starting time, and prolong service life.

This invention relates to a boiler pyrolyzing biomass fuels to generate biooil, combustible gas, active carbon and heat energy composed of a supplying system, an outer pyrolysis device, a heat exchange pyrolysis device and a boiler, in which, its supplying system can dewater, degas, rise the temperature to let its energy density the maximum, the outer heat pyrolysis device can quickly pyrolyze the prepared fuels to generate pyrolysis steam at 900deg.C to be used by the heat exchange device to pyrolyze biomass materials without O2 to generate semi-coke used in producing active carbon.

The invention relates to a municipal refuse handling method and equipment. The handling method includes the steps of squeezing for water removal, magnetic separation sorting, first-stage smashing, blasting separation, second-stage smashing, biomass fuel adding, pelletizing and particle burning heating and steam generation or power generation; and the handling equipment comprises a feeding conveying device, a magnetic separation conveying device, a material collecting hopper, a discharging plate, a magnetic separation device, an air blower, a mixing and stirring machine, a refuse water removal roller press, a biomass particle machine, a refuse smashing machine and a smokeless burning device. According to the municipal refuse handling method and equipment, the refuse handling process is simple, a bonding assistant does not need to be added during pelletizing, and manufactured municipal refuse combustible particles are smooth in surface, compact in structure, higher in calorific value, high in drying degree and free of pollution during burning.