71 results about "Solar fuel" patented technology

A power generator provides power with minimal CO2, NOx, CO, CH4, and particulate emissions and substantially greater efficiency as compared to traditional power generation techniques. Specifically nitrogen is removed from the combustion cycle, either being replaced by a noble gas as a working gas in a combustion engine. The noble gas is supplemented with oxygen and fuel, to provide a combustion environment substantially free of nitrogen or alternatively working in 100% oxygen-fuel combustion environments. Upon combustion, Very little to no nitrogen is present, and thus there is little production of NOx compounds. Additionally, the exhaust constituents are used in the production of power through work exerted upon expansion of the exhaust products, and the exhaust products are separated into their constituents of noble gas, water and carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide may be used in conjunction with a biomass to accelerate the biomass growth and to recover the oxygen enriched air resulting from algae photosynthesis for enhancing the operation of the power generator using the as Biomass for processing into methanol / ethanol and biological oils as fuel for the power generator. The biomass fuel is seen as a solar fuel and may be used in conjunctions with other solar fuels like heated thermal oil and others, as well as clean fossil fuels to optimize to clean, and efficient operation of the power generator in various regulatory contexts.

Disclosed herein are carbon doped tin disulphide (C—SnS2) and other SnS2 composites as visible light photocatalyst for CO2 reduction to solar fuels. The in situ carbon doped SnS2 photocatalyst provide higher efficiency than the undoped pure SnS2. Also disclosed herein are methods for preparing the catalysts.

The invention belongs to the technical field of solar cell materials, and particularly relates to a sensitizer for a dye-sensitized solar cell and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the photosensitizer provided by the invention comprises the following steps of: taking 5-(4-nitrophenyl)-10,15,20-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin as an initiator; under nitrogen conditions, dissolving the initiator in concentrated hydrochloric acid, and reducing the initiator into 5-(4-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin by using stannous chloride; then, dissolving the reduced porphyrin and zinc acetate in an inert organic solvent for coordination; finally, dissolving the generated zinc protoporphyrin and 4-carboxybenzaldehyde in a dichloromethane solvent, and heating and refluxing; and after the reaction is finished, adding petroleum ether or absolute methanol for precipitating products, and recrystallizing to obtain a corresponding product N-(5-p-phenyl)-10,15,20-tris-p-hydroxyphenyl zinc protoporphyrin-p-carboxyl benzimide. The product provided by the invention has the advantages of high molar extinction coefficient, low cost and the like.

The invention provides a composite photocatalyst for photolyzing water and degrading pollutants and a preparation method thereof. The composite photocatalyst can realize efficient transformation fromsolar energy to chemical energy, and is mainly prepared by compounding a mesoporous template and photocatalytic active components in the aspect of a nano-scale; the photocatalytic active components are nanoparticles of compound metal salt; the compounding is realized by uniformly dispersing the photocatalytic active components in a pore channel framework of the mesoporous template; the compoundingis realized through the following steps: complexing a soluble metal salt precursor and a complexing agent and dispersing into a pore channel of the mesoporous template; then carrying out high-temperature calcination under a limited area environment. The catalyst provided by the invention is mainly used for photocatalytically decomposing water to produce hydrogen or photocatalytically degrading organic pollutants including VOC (Volatile Organic Compound), s-VOC (semi-Volatile Organic Compound) and the like in the water or air under sunlight. The catalyst provided by the invention has good stability and good dispersity; platinum or other co-catalysts are loaded, so that the composite photocatalyst has very high activity on photocatalytic complete decomposition on the water and photocatalytic degradation on organic matters.

The invention discloses preparation of a (C5H5) Ru / TiO2 organic-inorganic hybrid photocatalyst, and an application of preparing methane solar fuel by performing photocatalytic reduction on carbon dioxide. According to the invention, a surface organometallic chemistry method is adopted, and dicyclopentadiene-based ruthenium is grafted to the surface of the titanium dioxide by adopting a surface grafting method to obtain a composite material having a similar semi-sandwich structure, wherein the mass percentage of ruthenium is 0.3-5.0%. Compared with dicyclopentadiene-based ruthenium-unmodified titanium dioxide, the (C5H5) Ru / TiO2 composite material prepared by adopting the method not only has relatively wide photoresponse range, but also photon-generated carriers can fast migrate and transmit as surface Ru-O-Ti keys are generated, and therefore, the photocatalytic efficiency of titanium dioxide in a carbon dioxide methanation process can be effectively improved. The method is simple and easy to operate, and has promotion significance on energy crisis mitigation and ecological environment improvement.

The solar cell sealing film according to the present invention includes ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, a crosslinker and a silane coupling agent, wherein the crosslinker is contained in an amount of 0.05 to 0.7 part by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, and the silane coupling agent is contained in an amount of 0.1 to 0.7 part by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, and wherein the ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer has a methyl methacrylate content of 25 to 35% by weight.

A method for catalytic ammonia synthesis under concentrated solar energy and related catalysts. The method includes placing a catalyst in a reaction apparatus, feeding nitrogen and hydrogen into the reaction apparatus, and controlling a surface temperature of the catalyst to reach about 300° C. to 550° C. under irradiation of concentrated sunshine, to synthesize ammonia. The catalyst includes an amorphous and electron-rich black nano TiO2-z (0<z<2) with a disordered surface serves as a carrier material, and an elemental nano-crystal of Fe or Ru serves as an active ingredient. The active ingredient is loaded on the carrier material. Sunshine is used as the energy during ammonia synthesis reaction, and light in the whole wave band can be utilized sufficiently. Ammonia can be synthesized under solar energy with a high efficiency, and no fossil energy or electrical energy is needed. A synergetic catalytic effect of optical energy and thermal energy can be obtained.

GaN-based nanowire heterostructures have been intensively studied for applications in light emitting diodes (LEDs), lasers, solar cells and solar fuel devices. Surface charge properties play a dominant role on the device performance and have been addressed within the prior art by use of a relatively thick large bandgap AlGaN shell covering the surfaces of axial InGaN nanowire LED heterostructures has been explored and shown substantial promise in reducing surface recombination leading to improved carrier injection efficiency and output power. However, these lead to increased complexity in device design, growth and fabrication processes thereby reducing yield / performance and increasing costs for devices. Accordingly, there are taught self-organizing InGaN / AlGaN core-shell quaternary nanowire heterostructures wherein the In-rich core and Al-rich shell spontaneously form during the growth process.

The present invention is related to a process for generation of hydrogen and syngas based on biomimetic carbonation and photocatalysis. A path breaking way has been developed for generation of solar fuels in specific hydrogen by coupling biomimetic carbonation with photocatalysis. Efforts are being made worldwide to mimic the reaction for fixation of anthropogenic CO2 into calcium carbonate using carbonic anhydrase (CA) as a biocatalyst. CA is being employed to accelerate the rate of hydration of CO2 to form carbonate ions and proton. Presently carbonate is being precipitated from aqueous solution as calcium carbonate given a suitable saturation of calcium and carbonate ions by addition of appropriate buffer. A major breakthrough in the area of generation of solar fuels like hydrogen has been achieved by coupling biomimetic carbonation with photocatalysis. This approach may prove to be a revolutionary technical advancement required for hydrogen economy demanding carbon neutral hydrogen production. Also the production of hydrogen in addition to carbonates as end products during biomimetic carbonation may make the process commercially viable to be adopted by industries emitting carbon dioxide. The carbonate rich stream has been photocatalytically reduced to formaldehyde. This breakthrough thus opens new horizons in the area of carbon sequestration by virtue of the fact that end product of carbon sequestration is not only environmentally benign product of calcite but it would lead to the generation of clean energy including hydrogen, methane and methanol. Maximum hydrogen evolution has been observed up to 101.14 μmoles / mg of, free CA, 156.8 μmoles / mg of immobilised CA and 101.14 μmoles / mg of CA 6684.5 μmoles / mg of stabilised CA using TiO2 / Zn / Pt as photocatalyst. The problem of using Zn as a metal donor has been overcome by illuminating the system. Hydrogen evolution to the tune of 84 μmoles / mg of CA has been observed for system with Zn as metal donor in the presence of Pt as co-catalyst with illumination.