The invention discloses a preparation method of a porous polymer microsphere. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: firstly dissolving a polymer by adopting a good low boiling point polymer organic solvent, then adding a poor high boiling point polymer organic solvent, and stirring to obtain uniform solution; then adopting a suspension dispersion method for dispersing the polymer solution into a water phase system to form micro-droplets, gradually raising temperature, volatilizing the good low boiling point polymer solvent and producing a large amount of foams in the water phase system, enabling a large amount of micro-droplets to be wrapped in the foams, collecting ascending foams, washing the foams into hot water bath containing a stirring device with hot water, and separating from the poor high boiling point organic solvent while the good low boiling point organic solvent is volatilized, so that the porous polymer microsphere is obtained. The polymer microsphere has good mechanical, optical, thermal insulation and sound insulation properties and can be widely applied to the fields of loading of catalyst, medicines, cosmetics, coating, papermaking, leather, communication and the like.