An Internet of Things communication method, Internet of Things system and device specifically for converters

Abstract

The present invention proposes an Internet of Things communication method, Internet of Things system and equipment specifically for converters, relating to the field of converter Internet of Things. The specific scheme includes: a central device obtains precise time via satellite, and then synchronizes it to all terminal devices in the Internet of Things to complete time synchronization; after time synchronization, data exchange is carried out between various devices based on a multi-node communication transmission protocol; the present invention proposes a time synchronization algorithm specifically for converters, so that all converter devices in the network have synchronized clocks, while significantly reducing communication delays; and designs a multi-node communication transmission protocol to reduce communication delays between converter devices and improve the communication efficiency of the Internet of Things.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of converter Internet of Things, and in particular relates to an Internet of Things communication method, an Internet of Things system and a device dedicated to converters. Background Art

[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] With the development of communication technology, perception and recognition technology, the Internet of Things (IoT) has developed rapidly and has been fruitfully explored and applied in many fields, including medicine, transportation, and agriculture. In the field of converters, experts and scholars have also conducted relevant research on applications. However, since most existing applications are carried out through common transmission methods such as network cables, ZigBee, WiFi, and Bluetooth, they are not fully compatible with the operating characteristics of converters. This has led to many problems, specifically:

[0004] 1. The number of converters is large and the distribution flexibility is high. The traditional wired communication method has high construction cost and poor scalability.

[0005] 2. The converter control frequency range is 5kHz-50kHz. To meet the control requirements, the communication frequency must be as high as possible and the communication delay must be as low as possible. Traditional general transmission methods cannot meet the requirements.

[0006] 3. The sampling frequency range of the converter is 5kHz-50kHz. The sampling frequency is high, and the amount of data obtained by sampling is very large, but the data type is single. Uploading all the data cannot be achieved through existing technical means. Therefore, the converter is required to filter and compress the data before transmitting it. Traditional technical solutions cannot meet the requirements.

[0007] 4. The time accuracy obtained by traditional converters through the network is low and cannot meet the task requirements in high time accuracy scenarios.

[0008] Therefore, existing research on converter IoT cannot provide IoT architecture, protocols, and devices with high flexibility, low communication latency, and high time accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To overcome the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides an Internet of Things communication method, Internet of Things system and equipment specifically for converters, proposes a time synchronization algorithm specifically for converters, so that all converter devices in the network have synchronized clocks, while significantly reducing communication delays; and designs a multi-node communication transmission protocol to reduce communication delays between converter devices and improve the communication efficiency of the Internet of Things.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, one or more embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:

[0011] A first aspect of the present invention provides an Internet of Things communication method specifically for a converter;

[0012] An Internet of Things communication method specifically for a converter, comprising:

[0013] The central device obtains accurate time via satellite and then synchronizes it to all terminal devices in the IoT to complete time synchronization;

[0014] After time synchronization, data exchange is carried out between devices based on the multi-node communication transmission protocol;

[0015] The multi-node communication transmission protocol is specifically based on the maximum communication time for data transmission between devices. t commax All devices follow the preset order of 2 t commax The time interval is used to send the running data and instructions in batches. t commax In the time interval, the first t commax The second period is for sending daily operation data and instructions. t commax The reserved time period for sending emergency messages; the emergency message is an emergency instruction or notification generated by the node analyzing its own data or received data and identifying the emergency state.

[0016] Furthermore, the central device obtains precise time via satellite, specifically: the central device requests time information from the satellite via a time acquisition module based on satellite communication, and obtains precise time;

[0017] The time acquisition module is composed of a radio frequency chip capable of communicating with a satellite, its external circuits, and computer instructions;

[0018] The satellite is a Beidou navigation satellite or a Global Positioning System GPS satellite.

[0019] Furthermore, after the central device obtains accurate time via satellite, it first updates its own time and then periodically corrects its own time;

[0020] The periodic correction of the own time is specifically: timing by using the own timer, and periodically obtaining the precise time through the satellite and correcting the own time.

[0021] Furthermore, the synchronization is performed on all terminal devices in the Internet of Things. The central device and the terminal device to be synchronized transmit and receive data three times to synchronize the time of the terminal device. Specifically,

[0022] The central device sends a first message to the terminal device to be synchronized, requesting time synchronization with the terminal device to be synchronized, and records the time when all data packets are sent from the physical layer, which is recorded as the time when the first message is sent. t N1_TX_End ;

[0023] After the synchronized terminal device receives the first message, it records the time when the physical layer receives all data packets, which is recorded as the first message reception time. t ' N2_RX_End ;

[0024] The terminal device to be synchronized sends a second message to the central device, indicating that it agrees to synchronize time with the central device, and records the time when all data packets are sent from the physical layer, which is recorded as the time when the second message is sent. t ' N2_TX_End ;

[0025] After the central device receives the second message, it records the time when the physical layer receives all data packets, which is recorded as the second message reception time. t N1_RX_End ;

[0026] The central device sends a third message to the terminal device to be synchronized, and the message data packet includes but is not limited to the time when the first message was sent t N1_TX_End and the second message reception time t N1_RX_End The value of

[0027] After receiving the third message, the terminal device to be synchronized obtains the sending time of the first message by parsing the data packet. t N1_TX_End and the second message reception time t N1_RX_End The value of

[0028] The terminal device to be synchronized calculates the time error between itself and the central device. The calculation formula is defined as half the difference between the sum of the time when the first message was sent and the time when the second message was received and the sum of the time when the first message was received and the time when the second message was sent.

[0029] The terminal device to be synchronized adds the time error to the original clock to obtain the synchronized clock, thus completing time synchronization.

[0030] Furthermore, after time synchronization, time synchronization verification is performed. The central device and the terminal device to be verified perform time synchronization verification by sending and receiving data four times, specifically:

[0031] The terminal device to be verified sends a fourth message to the central device, requesting the central device to verify whether the time is synchronized, and records the time when all data packets are sent from the physical layer, which is recorded as the time when the fourth message is sent. t N2_TX_End_ack ;

[0032] After the central device receives the fourth message, it records the time when the physical layer receives all data packets, which is recorded as the fourth message reception time. t N1_RX_End_ack ;

[0033] The central device sends a fifth message to the terminal device to be verified, indicating that the central device confirms the verification time synchronization request message proposed by the terminal device to be verified, and records the time when all data packets are sent from the physical layer, which is recorded as the time when the fifth message is sent. t N1_TX_End_ack ;

[0034] After the terminal device to be verified receives the fifth message, it records the time when the physical layer receives all data packets, which is recorded as the fifth message reception time t N2_RX_End_ack ;

[0035] The terminal device to be verified sends a sixth message to the central device, and the message data packet includes but is not limited to the time when the fourth message was sent t N2_TX_End_ack and the fifth message reception time t N2_RX_End_ack The value of

[0036] The central device receives the sixth message and extracts the sending time of the fourth message by parsing the data packet. t N2_TX_End_ack and the fifth message reception time t N2_RX_End_ack The value of

[0037] The central device calculates the clock error between the central device and the terminal device to be verified, and the calculation formula is defined as half of the difference between the sum of the time when the fifth message was sent and the time when the fourth message was received and the sum of the time when the fifth message was received and the time when the fourth message was sent;

[0038] The central device compares the calculated clock error with the error threshold. If the error is not greater than the error threshold, the time synchronization between the central device and the terminal device to be verified is successful. Otherwise, the time synchronization between the central device and the terminal device to be verified is unsuccessful.

[0039] The central device sends a seventh message to the terminal device to be verified, where the message includes information on whether the synchronization is successful, thereby completing the verification of time synchronization.

[0040] Furthermore, on the premise that it has been confirmed that the time synchronization is not completed, a new time synchronization process is started between the central device and the terminal device to be verified until the time error is no greater than the error threshold.

[0041] Furthermore, the maximum communication time for data transmission between the devices is t commax , specifically:

[0042] After all devices in the Internet of Things have the same clock, they transmit data to each other in a preset order. The data transmission time between each pair of devices is calculated by sending time and receiving time. All data transmission times are compared to obtain the maximum communication time.

[0043] A second aspect of the present invention provides an Internet of Things system dedicated to converters.

[0044] An IoT system dedicated to converters, consisting of one central device and N terminal devices, is built using wireless networking.

[0045] The central device is configured to obtain accurate time via satellite and synchronize it to all terminal devices in the Internet of Things to complete time synchronization;

[0046] The terminal device is configured to: after time synchronization, perform data exchange between the devices based on a multi-node communication transmission protocol;

[0047] The multi-node communication transmission protocol is specifically based on the maximum communication time for data transmission between devices. t commax All devices follow the preset order of 2 t commax The time interval is used to send the running data and instructions in batches. t commax In the time interval, the first t commax The second period is for sending daily operation data and instructions. t commax The reserved time period for sending emergency messages; the emergency message is an emergency instruction or notification generated by the node analyzing its own data or received data and identifying the emergency state.

[0048] A third aspect of the present invention provides an Internet of Things device dedicated to a converter, which is divided into a central device and a terminal device. Each device includes a time synchronization module and a communication module. The modules are connected via circuits or wireless communication.

[0049] The central device also includes a time acquisition module for acquiring accurate time via satellite;

[0050] The time synchronization module is used to synchronize time between the central device and the terminal device;

[0051] The communication module is used to perform data exchange between various devices based on a multi-node communication transmission protocol after time synchronization;

[0052] The multi-node communication transmission protocol is specifically based on the maximum communication time for data transmission between devices. t commax All devices follow the preset order of 2 t commax The time interval is used to send the running data and instructions in batches. t commax In the time interval, the first t commax The second period is for sending daily operation data and instructions. t commax The reserved time period for sending emergency messages; the emergency message is an emergency instruction or notification generated by the node analyzing its own data or received data and identifying the emergency state.

[0053] Furthermore, the terminal device is a converter with power conversion function, and further includes a sensing module, a processor module, and an edge computing module; the central device is an entity with computing capabilities, and further includes a cloud computing module;

[0054] The sensing module is used to collect current, voltage, and temperature at high frequency to represent the operating status indicators of the power converter equipment as daily operating data;

[0055] The processor module is used to control the sensing module to collect data, complete the control of the main circuit of power conversion, and control the data transmission and reception of the communication module;

[0056] The edge computing module is used to analyze and process the data collected by the perception module, filter and compress the data, and generate emergency instructions or notifications after identifying emergency conditions;

[0057] The cloud computing module is used to analyze and process the data received by the central device communication module, generate global control instructions, generate emergency messages after identifying emergency conditions, and send global control instructions or emergency messages to terminal devices through the communication module;

[0058] The data exchanged by the communication modules include daily operation data, global control instructions and emergency messages.

[0059] One or more of the above technical solutions have the following beneficial effects:

[0060] 1. The present invention obtains satellite time and synchronizes the time of devices in the network, so that the converters in the network can obtain high-precision time.

[0061] 2. The present invention reduces communication delays between converter devices and improves the communication efficiency of the Internet of Things by formulating a communication protocol between converter devices.

[0062] 3. The present invention uses wireless networking to complete network construction, which is highly flexible.

[0063] Advantages of additional aspects of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0064] The accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0065] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the method of the first embodiment.

[0066] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of time acquisition in the first embodiment.

[0067] Figure 3 This is a timing diagram of data transmission and reception for time synchronization in the first embodiment.

[0068] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of data transmission and reception for time synchronization in the first embodiment.

[0069] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of multi-node data transmission in the first embodiment.

[0070] Figure 6 This is a system structure diagram of the second embodiment

[0071] Figure 7 This is a device structure diagram of the third embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0072] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs.

[0073] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0074] Example 1

[0075] In one or more embodiments, an Internet of Things communication method specifically for a converter is disclosed, such as Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0076] Step S1: The central device obtains accurate time via satellite and then synchronizes it to all terminal devices in the Internet of Things to complete time synchronization.

[0077] This example uses an Internet of Things (IoT) consisting of two inverter devices as an example. In actual applications, the number of inverters in an IoT consisting of inverters should be determined based on actual conditions and should include two or more, but at least one of them should be equipped with a satellite communication-based time acquisition module, i.e., a central device. In this example, the two inverters N1 and N2, without loss of generality, assume that N1 includes a satellite communication-based time acquisition module and is a central device, while N2 does not include a satellite communication-based time acquisition module and is a terminal device. N1 and N2 send and receive data through a communication module. When data is sent, it needs to be processed in the application layer, network layer, MAC layer, and physical layer of the communication module in sequence. When data is received, it needs to be processed in the physical layer, MAC layer, network layer, and application layer of the communication module in sequence, specifically including:

[0078] S101: N1 obtains accurate time via satellite, updates its own time, and periodically corrects its own time. Specifically:

[0079] (1) Obtain accurate time through satellite.

[0080] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of time acquisition, such as Figure 2 As shown in FIG, the satellite communication-based time acquisition module integrated on N1 is composed of a radio frequency chip capable of communicating with a satellite, its external circuit, and computer instructions. The satellite can be a Beidou navigation satellite, a Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite, etc. The satellite communication-based time acquisition module is directly connected to and controlled by the processor of the converter.

[0081] The N1 processor requests time information from the satellite through a time acquisition module based on satellite communication, and obtains the satellite time as the precise time.

[0082] (2) Update N1’s own time to make it consistent with the satellite time.

[0083] (3) After updating its own time, the processor of N1 uses its own timer to count the time. At the same time, it periodically requests the satellite time through the time acquisition module based on satellite communication and corrects its own time.

[0084] One possible method of time correction is: the satellite communication-based time acquisition module generates a pulse every second, and the N1 processor captures this pulse and corrects its own time.

[0085] S102: N1 and N2 complete the time synchronization of N2 and N1 through three data transmission and reception, that is, synchronization with the satellite time, and then complete the synchronization verification through four data transmission and reception.

[0086] In a possible design, N1 and N2 only complete time synchronization without performing synchronization verification.

[0087] In a possible design, the sending and receiving of the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh messages for synchronous verification and the sending and receiving of the eighth and ninth messages are completed using the same data packet.

[0088] Figure 3 、 Figure 4 They are the data transmission and reception timing diagram and schematic diagram of N1 and N2 time synchronization, as shown Figure 3 、 Figure 4 As shown, the specific steps are:

[0089] (1) First message: N1 sends information to N2 through the communication module. The first message is a time synchronization request message. This message indicates that N1 requests N2 to synchronize its time with it. At the same time, the N1 processor records the time when all data packets are sent from the physical layer, which is recorded as t N1_TX_End .

[0090] In one possible design, after the physical layer of N1's communication module completes data packet transmission, it sends a signal to the processor. The processor of N1 receives this signal, generates an interrupt, and records the time.

[0091] In one possible design, after the physical layer of N1's communication module completes data packet transmission, the level of the RF chip pin changes. N1's processor captures this level change, generates an interrupt, and records the time.

[0092] (2) The N2 communication module receives the first message sent by N1 and enters the time synchronization state; at the same time, the N2 processor records the time when the physical layer receives all data packets, which is recorded as t ' N2_RX_End .

[0093] In one possible design, after the physical layer of N2's communication module completes data packet reception, it sends a signal to the processor. The processor of N2 receives this signal, generates an interrupt, and records the time.

[0094] In one possible design, after the physical layer of N2's communication module completes data packet reception, the level of the RF chip pin changes. N2's processor captures this level change, generates an interrupt, and records the time.

[0095] (3) Second message: N2 sends information to N1 through the communication module. The second message is a response message to the first message (time synchronization request message), called a time synchronization response message. This message indicates that N2 agrees to synchronize time with N1. At the same time, the N2 processor records the time when all data packets are sent from the physical layer, which is recorded as t ' N2_TX_End .

[0096] In one possible design, after the physical layer of N2's communication module completes sending a data packet, it sends a signal to the processor. The processor of N2 receives this signal, generates an interrupt, and records the time.

[0097] In one possible design, after the physical layer of N2's communication module completes data packet transmission, the level of the RF chip pin changes. N2's processor captures this level change, generates an interrupt, and records the time.

[0098] (4) The N1 communication module receives the second message sent by N2; at the same time, the N1 processor records the time when the physical layer receives all data packets, which is recorded as t N1_RX_End .

[0099] In one possible design, after the physical layer of N1's communication module completes data packet reception, it sends a signal to the processor. The processor of N1 receives this signal, generates an interrupt, and records the time.

[0100] In one possible design, after the physical layer of N1's communication module completes data packet reception, the level of the RF chip pin changes. N1's processor captures this level change, generates an interrupt, and records the time.

[0101] (5) The third message, N1 sends information to N2 through the communication module. The third message is a time synchronization data message, which includes t N1_TX_End and t N1_RX_End The numerical value of .

[0102] (6) N2 receives the third message sent by N1 and obtains t N1_TX_End and tN1_RX_End The numerical value of .

[0103] (7) Assume that the time error between N2’s own time and the satellite time obtained by N1 is Δ t , Δ t It can be obtained from formula (1):

[0104] (1)

[0105] in, t N1_TX_End and t N1_RX_End The values ​​are obtained by parsing the third message data packet. t ' N2_RX_End and t ' N2_RX_End The values ​​of N2 are recorded when receiving the first message and sending the second message.

[0106] (8) N2 is the time error Δ calculated according to (7) t , update N2's own time, specifically:

[0107] (2)

[0108] in, t N2_Real is the updated time of N2, t N2_Local is the time of N2 before the update.

[0109] (9) The fourth message, N2 sends information to N1 through the communication module; the fourth message is a verification time synchronization request message; this message indicates that N2 requests N1 to confirm whether the time is synchronized; at the same time, the N2 processor records the time when all data packets are sent from the physical layer, which is recorded as t N2_TX_End_ack .

[0110] (10) The N1 communication module receives the fourth message sent by N2. At the same time, the N1 processor records the time it takes for the physical layer to receive all data packets, which is recorded as t N1_RX_End_ack .

[0111] (11) The fifth message, N1 sends information to N2 through the communication module; the fifth message is the verification time synchronization response message; this message indicates that N1 confirms the verification time synchronization request message proposed by N2; at the same time, the N1 processor records the time when all data packets are sent from the physical layer, which is recorded as t N1_TX_End_ack .

[0112] (12) The N2 communication module receives the fifth message sent by N1. At the same time, the N2 processor records the time it takes for the physical layer to receive all data packets, which is recorded as t N2_RX_End_ack .

[0113] (13) The sixth message, N2 sends information to N1 through the communication module; the sixth message is a time synchronization verification data message; the message data includes t N2_TX_End_ack and t N2_RX_End_ack The numerical value of .

[0114] (14) N1 module receives the sixth message sent by N2; by parsing the data packet, it obtains t N2_TX_End_ack and t N2_RX_End_ack The clock error of N1 and N2 is calculated according to formula (3).

[0115] (3)

[0116] (15) The clock error obtained in (14) is compared with the error threshold δ time If the error is not greater than the error threshold, it indicates that the time synchronization between N1 and N2 is successful; if the error is greater than the error threshold, it indicates that the time synchronization between N1 and N2 is unsuccessful.

[0117] The selection of the error threshold should be determined according to the actual application scenario and application requirements of the converter.

[0118] In one possible design, the error threshold should be smaller than the converter control period. That is, for a converter with a switching period of 50kHz, the error threshold should be smaller than 20µs.

[0119] (16) The seventh message, N1 sends information to N2 through the communication module; the seventh message is a time synchronization verification confirmation message, and the seventh message is divided into two situations:

[0120] When the time synchronization between N1 and N2 is successful, N2 exits the time synchronization state after receiving the seventh message.

[0121] When the time synchronization between N1 and N2 fails, the N1 processor records the time when all data packets are sent from the physical layer, which is recorded as t N1_TX_End After receiving the seventh message, N2 maintains the time synchronization state; N2 processor records the time when the physical layer receives all data packets, recorded as t ' N2_RX_EndAt this point, the seventh message can also be considered as the first message, and steps (3) to (15) are repeated until the clock error between N1 and N2 is no greater than the error threshold.

[0122] Step S2: After time synchronization, data exchange is performed between devices based on a multi-node communication transmission protocol.

[0123] Take an IoT with four converters as an example. Converter 1 (hereinafter referred to as N1) is the central device, and converters 2, 3, and 4 (hereinafter referred to as N2, N3, and N4) are terminal devices. Although there are four converters, in actual applications, the IoT should be organized based on actual conditions. The number of converters in the IoT can be more or less than four. The central device can communicate with each terminal device, and whether the terminal devices can transmit data to each other is optional, including:

[0124] S201: According to the method of step S1, N1, N2, N3, and N4 are made to have the same clock.

[0125] S202: Measure the maximum communication time for N1, N2, N3, and N4 to transmit data to each other when the channel is idle, and record it as t commax .

[0126] In one possible design, the process of determining the maximum communication time is:

[0127] First, N2, N3, and N4 maintain data receiving status. N1 sends data multiple times. The data content is the time when the data sending instruction is issued. N2, N3, and N4 receive the data and calculate the time when N1 sends data to N2, N3, and N4 based on the time when the data is received, and record the time.

[0128] Then, N2, N3, and N4 send data to other nodes in turn.

[0129] Afterwards, the device in the receiving state calculates and records the data transmission time; since N1, N2, N3, and N4 have the same clock, the accurate data transmission time can be obtained.

[0130] Finally, compare all data transmission times to obtain the maximum communication time, which is recorded as t commax .

[0131] S203: Design the following multi-node communication transmission protocol: Based on the maximum communication time for data transmission between devices t commax All devices follow the preset order of 2 t commaxThe time interval is used to send the running data and instructions in batches. t commax In the time interval, the first t commax The second period is for sending daily operation data and instructions. t commax The reserved time period for sending emergency messages; the emergency message is an emergency instruction or notification generated by the node analyzing its own data or received data and identifying the emergency state.

[0132] Based on the above protocol, it is set that the four converters N1-N4 send data in a certain order in turn, and the data transmission cycle of all devices is completed as follows: T , T The value of is determined by formula (4).

[0133] (4)

[0134] in, N represents the number of converters in the network, t commax is the maximum communication time.

[0135] In a data transmission cycle T Based on the multi-node communication transmission protocol, data is exchanged between various devices. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of multi-node data transmission, such as Figure 5 As shown, T By 4 2 t commax Composition, in each 2 t commax Within the time interval, all devices must complete communication with each other once, while retaining the maximum communication time of the devices in the emergency state, specifically:

[0136] (1) The eighth message is a global command such as a control command or a data request command sent by the central device to the terminal device; in normal operation, assuming the starting time is 0, then in 0- t commax Complete the task of N1 sending global instructions to N2, N3, and N4 within the time interval.

[0137] (2) The ninth message, data or report sent from the terminal device to the central device, 2 t commax -3 t commax Complete the data transmission from N2 to N1 within the time interval; 4 t commax -5 t commaxComplete the data transmission from N3 to N1 within the time interval; 6 t commax -7 t commax The data transmission from N4 to N1 is completed within the time interval; then steps (1)-(2) are executed cyclically to complete the data transmission between multiple nodes.

[0138] (3) The tenth message: In an emergency, after analyzing and processing data, each device finds an emergency and needs to make an emergency report or issue an emergency instruction to other converters, such as detecting an abnormality and requiring shutdown for maintenance. t commax -2 t commax , 3 t commax -4 t commax , 5 t commax -6 t commax Within the same time interval, the node completes the task of sending emergency instructions.

[0139] Example 2

[0140] In one or more embodiments, an Internet of Things system dedicated to a converter is disclosed. Figure 6 It is a structural diagram of the Internet of Things system, such as Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the Internet of Things system consists of 1 central device and N terminal devices, and the system is built using wireless networking.

[0141] The central device is configured to obtain accurate time via satellite and synchronize it to all terminal devices in the Internet of Things to complete time synchronization;

[0142] The terminal device is configured to: after time synchronization, perform data exchange between the devices based on a multi-node communication transmission protocol;

[0143] The multi-node communication transmission protocol is specifically based on the maximum communication time for data transmission between devices. t commax All devices follow the preset order of 2 t commax The time interval is used to send the running data and instructions in batches. t commax In the time interval, the first t commax The second period is for sending daily operation data and instructions. t commaxThe reserved time period for sending emergency messages; the emergency message is an emergency instruction or notification generated by the node analyzing its own data or received data and identifying the emergency state.

[0144] Example 3

[0145] In one or more embodiments, an Internet of Things device dedicated to a converter is disclosed, which is divided into a central device and a terminal device.

[0146] Terminal equipment refers to a converter with power conversion function. Terminal equipment includes but is not limited to a processor, a time synchronization module, a perception module, an edge computing module, and a communication module.

[0147] Central equipment is an entity with computing capabilities, such as converters, servers, computers, and data centers. Central equipment includes but is not limited to processors, time acquisition modules, time synchronization modules, cloud computing modules, and communication modules.

[0148] In one possible design, in an Internet of Things composed of converters, a converter serves as both a terminal device and a central device.

[0149] Figure 7 It is a structural diagram of central equipment and terminal equipment, such as Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the specific modules of the central device and the terminal device are as follows:

[0150] (1) Time acquisition module

[0151] The time acquisition module consists of a radio frequency chip, external circuitry, and computer instructions that can communicate with satellites. These satellites can be Beidou navigation satellites, Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites, and other satellites. The module requests time information from the satellites and obtains the satellite time as accurate time. It also periodically adjusts its own time using the satellite time.

[0152] (2) Time synchronization module

[0153] The time synchronization module synchronizes the time on terminal devices within the network through three time synchronization messages and four time synchronization verification messages.

[0154] (3) Perception module

[0155] The sensing module integrates multiple sensors, including but not limited to one or more sensors such as voltage sensors, current sensors, and temperature sensors that can characterize the operating status of the converter.

[0156] The perception module has a device for converting the collected analog information into digital information, and the device is not limited to being integrated on a processor, implemented using a peripheral hardware circuit, or implemented in other ways.

[0157] The perception module collects information that can characterize the operating status of the converter through sensors at a set frequency, obtains daily operating data through an analog / digital conversion device, and transmits the collected daily operating data to a processor integrated inside the converter.

[0158] (4) Processor module

[0159] The processor module is an entity that can execute set computer instructions, including but not limited to various digital processing chips (DSPs), central processing units (CPUs), and microprocessors (MPUs).

[0160] The processor module controls the sensing module to collect data at a set frequency according to the set computer instructions, and can complete the power conversion task by analyzing and processing the collected data.

[0161] The processor module controls the communication module to send and receive data according to the set computer instructions.

[0162] (5) Edge computing module

[0163] The edge computing module is not limited to being integrated on the processor inside the converter or using a separate processing chip.

[0164] The edge computing module is capable of preliminarily processing and analyzing data according to computer instructions, mining data information, identifying emergency instructions generated by emergency situations, and providing instructions including but not limited to instructions that can optimize the operation of the converter.

[0165] In one possible design, the edge computing module filters the data obtained by the perception module and uses a set algorithm to remove abnormal data caused by, but not limited to, noise, sensor failure, and data transmission anomalies.

[0166] In one possible design, the edge computing module filters out abnormal collected data and then extracts the characteristic values ​​of normal collected data through a set algorithm.

[0167] The edge computing module sends data packets to the communication module of the central device through the communication module of the terminal device.

[0168] In one possible design, the edge computing module stores the processed data or optimized instructions obtained through analysis in a processor or other storage medium, and the processor controls the sending of data or the execution of commands.

[0169] (6) Communication module

[0170] The communication module consists of specified computer instructions, a radio frequency transmitter chip and its peripheral circuits. There are no requirements for the working frequency band and transmission distance of the radio frequency chip.

[0171] The communication module should comply with the IEEE 802.11 standard and have carrier sense multiple access / collision avoidance (CSMA / CA) function.

[0172] The communication module is divided into application layer, physical layer, media access control layer (MAC layer), physical layer according to its function, or at least includes a software part composed of computer instructions and a physical part composed of hardware circuits.

[0173] After time synchronization, based on the multi-node communication transmission protocol, the communication module of the central device will send global instructions such as control instructions and data request instructions to each terminal device, and the communication module of the terminal device will transmit the data processed by the edge computing module to the communication module of the central device via radio waves.

[0174] The multi-node communication transmission protocol is specifically based on the maximum communication time for data transmission between devices. t commax All devices follow the preset order of 2 t commax The time interval is used to send the running data and instructions in batches. t commax In the time interval, the first t commax The second period is for sending daily operation data and instructions. t commax The reserved time period for sending emergency messages; the emergency message is an emergency instruction or notification generated by the node analyzing its own data or received data and identifying the emergency state.

[0175] (7) Cloud computing module

[0176] The cloud computing module is not limited to being integrated into the processor inside the central device or using a separate processing chip.

[0177] The cloud computing module analyzes and processes the data received by the central device communication module, obtains corresponding information according to the set computer instructions, and sends instructions including but not limited to control instructions to the terminal device through the central device communication module.

[0178] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An Internet of Things communication method dedicated to converters, characterized in that: include: The central device obtains accurate time via satellite and then synchronizes it to all terminal devices in the IoT to complete time synchronization; After time synchronization, data exchange is carried out between devices based on the multi-node communication transmission protocol; The multi-node communication transmission protocol is specifically based on the maximum communication time for data transmission between devices. t commax All devices follow the preset order of 2 t commax The time interval is used to send the running data or instructions in batches. t commax In the time interval, the first t commax For sending daily operation data or instructions, the second t commax The reserved time period for sending emergency messages; the emergency message is an emergency instruction or notification generated by the node analyzing its own data or received data and identifying the emergency state.

2. The Internet of Things communication method dedicated to converters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central device obtains precise time via satellite, specifically: the central device requests time information from the satellite via a time acquisition module based on satellite communication, and obtains precise time; The time acquisition module is composed of a radio frequency chip capable of communicating with a satellite, its external circuits, and computer instructions; The satellite is a Beidou navigation satellite or a Global Positioning System GPS satellite.

3. The Internet of Things communication method dedicated to converters according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the central device obtains accurate time via satellite, it first updates its own time and then periodically corrects its own time; The periodic correction of the own time is specifically: timing by using the own timer, and periodically obtaining the precise time through the satellite and correcting the own time.

4. The Internet of Things communication method dedicated to converters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The synchronization is performed on all terminal devices in the Internet of Things. The central device and the terminal device to be synchronized are synchronized through three data transmissions and receptions. Specifically, The central device sends a first message to the terminal device to be synchronized, requesting time synchronization with the terminal device to be synchronized, and records the time when all data packets are sent from the physical layer, which is recorded as the time when the first message is sent. t N1_TX_End ; After the synchronized terminal device receives the first message, it records the time when the physical layer receives all data packets, which is recorded as the first message reception time. t ' N2_RX_End ; The terminal device to be synchronized sends a second message to the central device, indicating that it agrees to synchronize time with the central device, and records the time when all data packets are sent from the physical layer, which is recorded as the time when the second message is sent. t ' N2_TX_End ; After the central device receives the second message, it records the time when the physical layer receives all data packets, which is recorded as the second message reception time. t N1_RX_End ; The central device sends a third message to the terminal device to be synchronized, and the message data packet includes but is not limited to the time when the first message was sent t N1_TX_End and the second message reception time t N1_RX_End The value of After receiving the third message, the terminal device to be synchronized obtains the sending time of the first message by parsing the data packet. t N1_TX_End and the second message reception time t N1_RX_End The value of The terminal device to be synchronized calculates the time error between itself and the central device. The calculation formula is defined as half the difference between the sum of the time when the first message was sent and the time when the second message was received and the sum of the time when the first message was received and the time when the second message was sent. The terminal device to be synchronized adds the time error to the original clock to obtain the synchronized clock, thus completing time synchronization.

5. The Internet of Things communication method dedicated to converters according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes the verification of time synchronization after time synchronization. The central device and the terminal device to be verified perform four data transmission and reception to verify time synchronization. Specifically, The terminal device to be verified sends a fourth message to the central device, requesting the central device to verify whether the time is synchronized, and records the time when all data packets are sent from the physical layer, which is recorded as the time when the fourth message is sent. t N2_TX_End_ack ; After the central device receives the fourth message, it records the time when the physical layer receives all data packets, which is recorded as the fourth message reception time. t N1_RX_End_ack ; The central device sends a fifth message to the terminal device to be verified, indicating that the central device confirms the verification time synchronization request message proposed by the terminal device to be verified, and records the time when all data packets are sent from the physical layer, which is recorded as the time when the fifth message is sent. t N1_TX_End_ack ; After the terminal device to be verified receives the fifth message, it records the time when the physical layer receives all data packets, which is recorded as the fifth message reception time t N2_RX_End_ack ; The terminal device to be verified sends a sixth message to the central device, and the message data packet includes but is not limited to the time when the fourth message was sent t N2_TX_End_ack and the fifth message reception time t N2_RX_End_ack The value of The central device receives the sixth message and extracts the sending time of the fourth message by parsing the data packet. t N2_TX_End_ack and the fifth message reception time t N2_RX_End_ack The value of The central device calculates the clock error between the central device and the terminal device to be verified, and the calculation formula is defined as half of the difference between the sum of the time when the fifth message was sent and the time when the fourth message was received and the sum of the time when the fifth message was received and the time when the fourth message was sent; The central device compares the calculated clock error with the error threshold. If the error is not greater than the error threshold, the time synchronization between the central device and the terminal device to be verified is successful. Otherwise, the time synchronization between the central device and the terminal device to be verified is unsuccessful. The central device sends a seventh message to the terminal device to be verified, where the message includes information on whether the synchronization is successful, thereby completing the verification of time synchronization.

6. The Internet of Things communication method dedicated to converters according to claim 5, characterized in that: On the premise that it has been confirmed that the time synchronization is not completed, a new time synchronization process is started between the central device and the terminal device to be verified until the time error is no greater than the error threshold.

7. The Internet of Things communication method dedicated to converters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The maximum communication time for data transmission between the devices t commax , specifically: After all devices in the Internet of Things have the same clock, they transmit data to each other in a preset order. The data transmission time between each pair of devices is calculated by sending time and receiving time. All data transmission times are compared to obtain the maximum communication time.

8. An Internet of Things system dedicated to converters, characterized in that: It consists of 1 central device and N terminal devices, and the system is built using wireless networking; The central device is configured to obtain accurate time via satellite and synchronize it to all terminal devices in the Internet of Things to complete time synchronization; The terminal device is configured to: after time synchronization, perform data exchange between the devices based on a multi-node communication transmission protocol; The multi-node communication transmission protocol is specifically based on the maximum communication time for data transmission between devices. t commax All devices follow the preset order of 2 t commax The time interval is used to send the running data or instructions in batches. t commax In the time interval, the first t commax For sending daily operation data or instructions, the second t commax The reserved time period for sending emergency messages; the emergency message is an emergency instruction or notification generated by the node analyzing its own data or received data and identifying the emergency state.

9. An Internet of Things device dedicated to converters, characterized in that: It is divided into central equipment and terminal equipment. Each device includes a time synchronization module and a communication module. The modules are connected through circuits or wireless communication. The central device also includes a time acquisition module for acquiring accurate time via satellite; The time synchronization module is used to synchronize time between the central device and the terminal device; The communication module is used to perform data exchange between various devices based on a multi-node communication transmission protocol after time synchronization; The multi-node communication transmission protocol is specifically based on the maximum communication time for data transmission between devices. t commax All devices follow the preset order of 2 t commax The time interval is used to send the running data or instructions in batches. t commax In the time interval, the first t commax For sending daily operation data or instructions, the second t commax The reserved time period for sending emergency messages; the emergency message is an emergency instruction or notification generated by the node analyzing its own data or received data and identifying the emergency state.

10. The Internet of Things device dedicated to converters according to claim 9, characterized in that: The terminal device is a converter with power conversion function, and also includes a perception module, a processor module, and an edge computing module; the central device is an entity with computing capabilities, and also includes a cloud computing module; The sensing module is used to collect current, voltage, and temperature at high frequency to represent the operating status indicators of the power converter equipment as daily operating data; The processor module is used to control the sensing module to collect data, complete the control of the main circuit of power conversion, and control the data transmission and reception of the communication module; The edge computing module is used to analyze and process the data collected by the perception module, filter and compress the data, and generate emergency instructions or notifications after identifying emergency conditions; The cloud computing module is used to analyze and process the data received by the central device communication module, generate global control instructions, generate emergency messages after identifying emergency conditions, and send global control instructions or emergency messages to terminal devices through the communication module; The data exchanged by the communication modules include daily operation data, global control instructions and emergency messages.

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