Greenhouse rotation cultivation method of stropharia rugosoannulata and auricularia auricula

Abstract

The application provides a greenhouse rotation cultivation method of Stropharia rugosoannulata and Auricularia auricula, which comprises the following steps: selection of a mushroom greenhouse, selection of a planting time, a Stropharia rugosoannulata planting method, management of in-greenhouse planting of Stropharia rugosoannulata, Stropharia rugosoannulata fruiting management, Auricularia auricula planting, Auricularia auricula management and Auricularia auricula harvesting. The application takes advantage of the fact that the climate condition after Stropharia rugosoannulata planting is suitable for continuing rotation of Auricularia auricula, and the disease and pest control methods of Stropharia rugosoannulata and Auricularia auricula are similar, constructs an environment suitable for Auricularia auricula growth by water supplementing after completely killing Stropharia rugosoannulata mycelium and ending Stropharia rugosoannulata planting, and realizes rotation of Stropharia rugosoannulata and Auricularia auricula.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of mushroom planting, and particularly relates to a greenhouse rotation planting method of Stropharia rugosoannulata and Auricularia auricula. BACKGROUND

[0002] Stropharia rugosoannulata is a kind of edible fungus with rich nutrition, crisp taste and rich flavor, and has the effects of preventing various cardiovascular diseases and relieving gastrointestinal pressure. In addition to the nutritional value, Stropharia rugosoannulata has a good purification effect on some harmful substances that are difficult to decompose in the soil. The fungus has the characteristics of rich nutritional value and relatively simple cultivation mode. Stropharia rugosoannulata has strong adaptability to the growth environment and can be directly cultivated by using various agricultural and forestry production wastes such as corn stalks, cotton seed hulls and fruit tree branches, and has excellent green economic value. Therefore, cultivating Stropharia rugosoannulata has a positive significance for promoting farmers' income and building a green circular economy. Auricularia auricula is a kind of edible fungus, and contains various proteins, which not only tastes delicious, but also has medicinal and edible value. Therefore, planting Auricularia auricula has good economic value. SUMMARY

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a greenhouse rotation planting method of Stropharia rugosoannulata and Auricularia auricula, which utilizes the climate conditions after Stropharia rugosoannulata planting to continue rotation planting of Auricularia auricula, and the disease and pest control methods of Stropharia rugosoannulata and Auricularia auricula are similar, so that the environment suitable for Auricularia auricula growth is reconstructed by watering after killing the mycelium of Stropharia rugosoannulata and ending the Stropharia rugosoannulata planting, and rotation planting of Stropharia rugosoannulata and Auricularia auricula is realized.

[0004] To solve the above technical problem, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows: a greenhouse rotation planting method of Stropharia rugosoannulata and Auricularia auricula, comprising the following steps:

[0005] S1, selection of mushroom shed:

[0006] A warm shed facing away from the wind and towards the sun is selected, a thermometer and a hygrometer are installed inside the warm shed, a micro-spraying device is installed at the top of the warm shed, and a layer of sunshade net is covered on the top of the warm shed;

[0007] S2, selection of planting time:

[0008] Stropharia rugosoannulata is planted in October, and is picked from December to February of the next year, after the third tide of Stropharia rugosoannulata is harvested, the planting site is sunned and disinfected with quicklime, and Auricularia auricula is planted in a ground-laying mode on the Stropharia rugosoannulata ridge, and Auricularia auricula is harvested from July to August;

[0009] S3, Stropharia rugosoannulata planting method:

[0010] After the whole land is prepared, the shed is sterilized and disinfected, and then the Stropharia rugosoannulata is sowed by digging a ditch and a ridge, and the Stropharia rugosoannulata is planted on the ridge, the ridge is 1m-1.2m wide, and the first layer of culture material, the first layer of fungus material, the second layer of culture material, the second layer of fungus material and the third layer of culture material are laid on the ridge from bottom to top in sequence, then the third layer of culture material is covered with a layer of soil, and then a layer of straw is covered, and the water is poured thoroughly;

[0011] S4, the management of the mycelium period of the Stropharia rugosoannulata planted in the shed:

[0012] No water is poured within 10 days after the Stropharia rugosoannulata culture material is inoculated, and then the water is supplemented so that the water content in the material is 70%, the humidity in the shed is kept at 80%-90%, and the temperature is 20℃-25℃; the temperature in the material is below 30℃, and the temperature is lowered by punching when it is higher than 30℃;

[0013] S5, the management of the Stropharia rugosoannulata fruiting:

[0014] After 45-50 days of inoculation, the mycelium is full, and the fruiting period management is entered, the air humidity in the shed is controlled to be greater than or equal to 90%, the temperature in the shed is 23℃-28℃, and the ventilation is 1h in the morning and evening respectively;

[0015] S6, the cultivation of Auricularia auricula-judae:

[0016] After the third tide of the Stropharia rugosoannulata is harvested, the lime water with a mass fraction of 1% is sprayed for disinfection, then the lime powder with a use amount of 100 g / m 2 ~ 200 g / m 2 is scattered, the ground is covered with a mulch film, after 3 days, the mulch film is opened, and the ground is dried for 2-3 days, then the 5% lambda cyhalothrin suspension concentrate and the 50% carbendazim suspension concentrate are sprayed, after 3 days, the soil is poured with water thoroughly, the air humidity in the shed is kept at 80%-90%, when the temperature in the shed is 20℃-25℃, the ground of the Auricularia auricula-judae is directly cultivated on the ridge of the Stropharia rugosoannulata, and one bag of 700g of the Auricularia auricula-judae culture material bag is placed every 10cm apart between the ridges;

[0017] S7, the management of the Auricularia auricula-judae:

[0018] Before the Auricularia auricula-judae is out, the temperature in the shed is 20-25℃, the air relative humidity in the shed is 80%-90%, the light is avoided before the mycelium is full, the humidity is kept by spraying water every day, and the water cannot directly contact the fungus bag;

[0019] From the Auricularia auricula-judae out period to the first tide of the Auricularia auricula-judae out, the air humidity is kept above 90%, the natural light is illuminated in the day, and the 400Lux light is supplemented at night;

[0020] S8, the Auricularia auricula-judae is harvested: in July-August, the Auricularia auricula-judae is harvested together with the ear root, and then the Auricularia auricula-judae is dried.

[0021] Preferably, the first layer of culture medium, the second layer of culture medium and the third layer of culture medium in S3 are all made of raw materials with the following mass fractions: corn cob 70%, rice straw 29.5%, and the balance being lime.

[0022] Preferably, the thickness of the first layer of culture medium, the second layer of culture medium and the third layer of culture medium in S3 is 8-10 cm, the thickness of the soil layer is 1 cm, and the amount of the first layer of fungus and the second layer of fungus is 0.8 kg / m 2 .

[0023] Preferably, the application method of the 5% lambda-cyhalothrin suspension concentrate in S6 is as follows: 20 mL of 5% lambda-cyhalothrin suspension concentrate is diluted in 15 L of water to obtain a lambda-cyhalothrin diluent, and the amount of the lambda-cyhalothrin diluent is 100 L / acre; the application method of the 50% carbendazim suspension concentrate is as follows: 1 mL of 50% carbendazim suspension concentrate is diluted in 1 L of water to obtain a carbendazim diluent, and the amount of the carbendazim diluent is 20 L / acre.

[0024] Preferably, the black fungus cultivation material bag in S6 is inoculated with black fungus spores in raw materials with the following mass fractions: 89% poplar sawdust, 10% bran, and the balance being lime, and the pH of the nutrient in the black fungus cultivation material bag is 5.8-6.3.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0026] Generally, the big ball cap mushroom is planted in a warm shed in winter, and the planting is started in October. After harvesting, the black fungus can be sown. Since the requirements of the environment for the black fungus and the big ball cap mushroom are similar, only a simple adjustment of the environment of the greenhouse is needed to adapt to the growth of the black fungus. After the mycelium of the big ball cap mushroom is completely killed and the big ball cap mushroom planting is finished, the environment suitable for the growth of the black fungus is re-established by watering, and the big ball cap mushroom and the black fungus are planted in rotation. The economic benefit is improved, and a new idea is provided for the big ball cap mushroom grower.

[0027] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the examples. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] Example 1

[0029] This example was carried out in a winter greenhouse in 2020-2021, with an area of 10 mu.

[0030] The greenhouse rotation cultivation method of the big ball cap mushroom and the black fungus in this example comprises the following steps:

[0031] S1, selection of mushroom shed:

[0032] Select a warm shed away from the wind and facing the sun, install a thermometer and a hygrometer inside the shed, install a micro-spraying device on the top, and cover the top of the shed with a sunshade net;

[0033] S2, selection of planting time:

[0034] The stropharia rugosoannulata is planted on October 12, and is picked from December to February of the next year. After the third tide of stropharia rugosoannulata is harvested, the planting site is exposed to the sun and disinfected with quicklime, and then the black fungus is planted in a ground-laying mode on the stropharia rugosoannulata ridge. The black fungus is harvested in July;

[0035] S3, stropharia rugosoannulata planting method:

[0036] After the soil is prepared, the shed is disinfected and insecticidal treatment is performed, lime is scattered for disinfection, and then a ditch is dug and a ridge is formed to plant the stropharia rugosoannulata, the stropharia rugosoannulata is planted in a ridge, the ridge width is 1.2 m, the first layer of culture medium, the first layer of fungus material, the second layer of culture medium, the second layer of fungus material, and the third layer of culture medium are sequentially laid on the ridge from bottom to top, then a soil layer is covered on the third layer of culture medium, and a layer of straw is covered, and the water is poured thoroughly;

[0037] The first layer of culture medium, the second layer of culture medium, and the third layer of culture medium are all made of raw materials with the following mass fractions: corn cob 70%, rice straw 29.5%, and the balance of lime;

[0038] The thickness of the first layer of culture medium, the second layer of culture medium, and the third layer of culture medium is 8 cm, the thickness of the soil layer is 1 cm, and the amount of the first layer of fungus material and the second layer of fungus material is 0.8 kg / m 2 ;

[0039] S4, management of the stropharia rugosoannulata mycelium period in the shed:

[0040] Water is not poured within 10 days after the stropharia rugosoannulata fungus material is inoculated, water is supplemented after 10 days to make the water content in the material 70%, the humidity in the shed is kept at 80% to 90%, and the temperature is 20℃ to 25℃; the temperature in the material is below 30℃, and is lowered by punching when it is higher than 30℃;

[0041] S5, stropharia rugosoannulata fruiting management:

[0042] The mycelium is full and twisted into the fruiting period management 45 days after inoculation, the air humidity in the shed is controlled to be greater than or equal to 90%, the temperature in the shed is 23℃ to 28℃, and ventilation is performed for 1 hour in the morning and evening respectively;

[0043] S6, black fungus planting:

[0044] After the third tide of stropharia rugosoannulata is harvested, 1% lime water is sprayed for disinfection, then 100 g / m 2lime powder, ground cover film, after 3 days, open the film, dry for 2 days, then spray 5% lambda cyhalothrin suspension concentrate and 50% carbendazim suspension concentrate, after 3 days, pour water into the soil, keep the humidity of the air in the shed at 80% to 90%, when the temperature in the shed is 20℃, directly carry out the ground laying type cultivation of black fungus on the ridge of the agaricus bitorquis, place a bag of 700g black fungus cultivation material bag every 10cm apart between the ridges;

[0045] The black fungus cultivation material bag is inoculated with black fungus spores in raw materials with the following mass fractions: 89% poplar sawdust, 10% bran, and the balance being lime, the pH of the nutrient quality in the black fungus cultivation material bag is 5.8;

[0046] The application method of the 5% lambda cyhalothrin suspension concentrate is: 20mL of 5% lambda cyhalothrin suspension concentrate is diluted in 15L of water to obtain a lambda cyhalothrin diluent, the use amount of the lambda cyhalothrin diluent is 100L per mu; the application method of the 50% carbendazim suspension concentrate is: 1mL of 50% carbendazim suspension concentrate is diluted in 1L of water to obtain a carbendazim diluent, the use amount of the carbendazim diluent is 20L per mu;

[0047] S7, black fungus management:

[0048] Before the black fungus is harvested, the temperature in the shed is 20 to 25℃, the relative humidity of the air in the shed is 80% to 90%, and the mycelium is treated in the dark before it is full, and water is sprayed every day to keep the humidity, and the water cannot directly contact the fungus bag;

[0049] From the black fungus period to the first tide of black fungus, the air humidity is kept above 90%, and the natural light is illuminated during the day, and the light is supplemented at 400Lux at night;

[0050] S8, black fungus harvesting: on July 10, the black fungus is harvested together with the ear root, and then dried.

[0051] The yield of agaricus bitorquis is 2316kg per mu, and the yield of black fungus is 8435kg per mu.

[0052] The agaricus bitorquis is generally selected to be planted in the shed in winter in October, and a large amount of agaricus bitorquis is harvested in December, and the picking season lasts from February to March of the next year, which is just suitable for the planting of black fungus. Since the requirements of black fungus on the environment are similar to those of agaricus bitorquis, only the environment of the shed needs to be adjusted, and the black fungus can grow well. After the mycelium of agaricus bitorquis is completely killed and the cultivation of agaricus bitorquis is finished, the environment suitable for the growth of black fungus is reconstructed by watering, and the rotation of agaricus bitorquis and black fungus is realized. The economic benefit is improved, and a new idea is provided for the agaricus bitorquis growers.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] The present embodiment is carried out in a green planting base in 2021-2022, and the test site area is 2 mu.

[0055] The greenhouse rotation cultivation method of Stropharia rugosoannulata and Auricularia auricula in the present embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0056] S1, selection of mushroom shed:

[0057] Select a warm shed that is sheltered from the wind and faces the sun, install a thermometer and a hygrometer inside the warm shed, install a micro-spraying device on the top, and cover the top of the warm shed with a layer of sunshade net;

[0058] S2, selection of planting time:

[0059] Stropharia rugosoannulata is sowed on October 8, and is picked from December to March of the next year. After harvesting the third tide of Stropharia rugosoannulata, the planting site is sunned and disinfected with quicklime, and then the ground placement type planting of Auricularia auricula is carried out on the Stropharia rugosoannulata ridge, and Auricularia auricula is harvested in August;

[0060] S3, Stropharia rugosoannulata planting method:

[0061] After soil preparation, sterilization and insect killing treatment is carried out in the shed, lime disinfection is carried out, then ditching and ridging are carried out, Stropharia rugosoannulata is sowed, ridging is carried out, the ridge width is 1m, the first layer of culture material, the first layer of fungus material, the second layer of culture material, the second layer of fungus material, and the third layer of culture material are laid on the ridge from bottom to top in turn, then a soil layer is covered on the third layer of culture material, and a layer of rice straw is covered, and water is poured thoroughly;

[0062] The first layer of culture material, the second layer of culture material, and the third layer of culture material are all made of raw materials with the following mass fractions: corn cob 70%, rice straw 29.5%, and the balance is lime;

[0063] The thickness of the first layer of culture material, the second layer of culture material, and the third layer of culture material is 10cm, the thickness of the soil layer is 1cm, and the amount of the first layer of fungus material and the second layer of fungus material is 0.8kg / m 2 ;

[0064] S4, management of the mycelium period of Stropharia rugosoannulata in the shed:

[0065] No water is poured within 10 days after the Stropharia rugosoannulata fungus material is inoculated, water is poured after 10 days to make the water content in the material 70%, the humidity in the shed is kept at 80%-90%, the temperature is kept at 20-25℃, the temperature in the material is below 30℃, and the temperature is lowered by punching when it is higher than 30℃;

[0066] S5, management of Stropharia rugosoannulata fruiting:

[0067] 50 days after inoculation, the mycelium is full of knots and enters the fruiting stage management, the air humidity in the shed is controlled to be greater than or equal to 90%, the temperature in the shed is 23-28 DEG C, and ventilation is performed for 1 hour in the morning and evening respectively;

[0068] S6, Auricularia auricula-judae planting:

[0069] After the third tide of Stropharia rugosoannulata is harvested, 1% lime water is sprayed for disinfection, then 200g / m 2 of lime powder is scattered, the ground is covered with mulch, the mulch is opened after 3 days, and then 5% lambda cyhalothrin suspension concentrate and 50% carbendazim suspension concentrate are sprayed, the soil is irrigated thoroughly after 3 days, the air humidity in the shed is kept at 80-90%, when the temperature in the shed is 25 DEG C, the ground of Stropharia rugosoannulata is directly used for ground type cultivation of Auricularia auricula-judae, and a bag of 700g Auricularia auricula-judae cultivation material bag is placed every 10cm;

[0070] The Auricularia auricula-judae cultivation material bag is inoculated with Auricularia auricula-judae spores in raw materials with the following mass fraction: 89% poplar sawdust, 10% bran, and the balance is lime, and the pH of the nutrient in the Auricularia auricula-judae cultivation material bag is 6.3;

[0071] The application method of the 5% lambda cyhalothrin suspension concentrate is as follows: 20mL of 5% lambda cyhalothrin suspension concentrate is diluted in 15L of water to obtain lambda cyhalothrin diluent, and the use amount of the lambda cyhalothrin diluent is 100L / acre; the application method of the 50% carbendazim suspension concentrate is as follows: 1mL of 50% carbendazim suspension concentrate is diluted in 1L of water to obtain carbendazim diluent, and the use amount of the carbendazim diluent is 20L / acre;

[0072] S7, Auricularia auricula-judae management:

[0073] Before the Auricularia auricula-judae is harvested, the temperature in the shed is 20-25 DEG C, the air relative humidity in the shed is 80-90%, the mycelium is full of light treatment before the light, water is kept daily, and the water cannot directly contact the fungus bag;

[0074] From the Auricularia auricula-judae period to the first tide of Auricularia auricula-judae, the air humidity is kept above 90%, the natural light is illuminated in the daytime, and the 400Lux light is supplemented at night;

[0075] S8, Auricularia auricula-judae harvesting: on August 1, the Auricularia auricula-judae is harvested together with the ear root, and then is dried.

[0076] The yield of Stropharia rugosoannulata is 1987 jin / acre, and the yield of Auricularia auricula-judae is 6938 jin / acre. The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the present application. Any simple modification, change and equivalent change made according to the technical essence of the present application to the above embodiment are still within the protection scope of the technical scheme of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Stropharia rugosoannulata and Auricularia auricula-judae in a greenhouse by crop rotation, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, selection of the mushroom shed: A warm shed facing away from the wind and towards the sun is selected, a thermometer and a hygrometer are installed inside the shed, a micro-spraying device is installed on the top of the shed, and a sunshade net is covered on the top of the shed; S2, selection of the planting time: The big mushroom is planted in October, and is picked from December to February of the next year, after the third batch of big mushrooms is harvested, the planting site is exposed to the sun and disinfected with quicklime, and then the black fungus is planted on the big mushroom ridge in a ground-laying mode, and the black fungus is harvested from July to August; S3, big mushroom planting method: After the land is prepared, the shed is disinfected and insect-killed, lime is scattered for disinfection, then a ditch is dug and a ridge is formed, the big mushroom is planted by seed, the ridge is planted, the ridge width is 1m-1.2m, the first layer of culture medium, the first layer of fungus material, the second layer of culture medium, the second layer of fungus material and the third layer of culture medium are sequentially laid on the ridge from bottom to top, then a soil layer is covered on the third layer of culture medium, and a layer of straw is covered, and the water is poured thoroughly; S4, management of the mycelium period of the big mushroom planted in the shed: Water is not poured within 10 days after the big mushroom fungus material is inoculated, water is poured after 10 days to make the water content in the material 70%, the humidity in the shed is kept at 80%-90%, and the temperature is 20-25℃; the temperature in the material is below 30℃, and is lowered by punching when it is higher than 30℃; S5, big mushroom management: After 45-50 days of inoculation, the mycelium is full, and the management of the mushroom is entered, the air humidity in the shed is controlled to be greater than or equal to 90%, the temperature in the shed is 23-28℃, and ventilation is performed for 1h in the morning and evening respectively; S6, black fungus planting: After the third flush of Stropharia rugosoannulata is harvested, spray lime water with a mass fraction of 1% for sterilization, then sprinkle lime powder with a dosage of 100 g / m 2 ~ 200 g / m 2 , cover the ground with mulch, open the mulch after 3 days, dry for 2-3 days, then spray 5% lambda cyhalothrin suspension concentrate and 50% carbendazim suspension concentrate, after 3 days, pour water into the soil to keep the humidity of the air in the shed at 80%-90%, when the temperature in the shed is 20℃-25℃, directly carry out the ground laying type cultivation of Auricularia auricula on the ridge of Stropharia rugosoannulata, place a bag of 700 g of Auricularia auricula cultivation material bag every 10 cm between the ridges; S7, black fungus management: Before the black fungus is harvested, the temperature in the shed is 20-25℃, the air relative humidity in the shed is 80%-90%, the mycelium is full, and the light treatment is performed before the mycelium is full, the humidity is kept by spraying water every day, and the water cannot directly contact the fungus bag; During the ear period until the first batch of black fungus is harvested, the air humidity is kept to be above 90%, the natural light is used in the daytime, and the 400Lux light is supplemented at night; S8, black fungus harvesting: the black fungus is harvested together with the ear root from July to August, and is dried.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The first layer of culture medium, the second layer of culture medium and the third layer of culture medium in S3 are all made of raw materials with the following mass fractions: corn cob 70%, straw 29.5%, and the rest is lime.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, The thickness of the first layer of culture medium, the second layer of culture medium and the third layer of culture medium in S3 is 8-10 cm, the thickness of the soil layer is 1 cm, and the amount of the first layer of fungus and the second layer of fungus is 0.8 kg / m 2 .

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The application method of the 5% lambda-cyhalothrin suspension concentrate in S6 is as follows: 20mL of 5% lambda-cyhalothrin suspension concentrate is diluted in 15L of water to obtain a lambda-cyhalothrin diluent, and the dosage of the lambda-cyhalothrin diluent is 100L per mu; the application method of the 50% carbendazim suspension concentrate is as follows: 1mL of 50% carbendazim suspension concentrate is diluted in 1L of water to obtain a carbendazim diluent, and the dosage of the carbendazim diluent is 20L per mu.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein The black fungus cultivation material bag in S6 is inoculated with black fungus spores in raw materials with the following mass fractions: 89% poplar sawdust, 10% bran, and the rest is lime, and the pH of the nutrient in the black fungus cultivation material bag is 5.8-6.3.