Dust suppressant, its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention provides a dust suppressant, a preparation method thereof and an application. By mass percentage, the dust suppressant comprises 0.018-1.32% of hydrotalcite, 1.30-12.5% of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.99-5.13% of soluble starch, 1.73-9.38% of a polymer binder, 0.027-1.32% of an anionic surfactant and the balance of water. In the present invention, the hydroxyl groups of polyvinyl alcohol and the strong permeability of the anionic surfactant can modify hydrotalcite, thereby effectively improving the wettability of the dust suppressant to the solid waste residue sample, enabling it to have a good water retention effect, and can extend the effective dust suppression time of the dust suppressant. The organic binder and soluble starch can increase the bonding and adsorption force of the dust suppressant to the dust sample; the dust suppressant with a specific composition in the present invention has strong bonding and water retention properties after being used for the solid waste residue sample, has a good curing and crusting effect, has a high compressive strength and thickness, and is easy for subsequent operation and maintenance management.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solid waste treatment, and in particular, to a dust suppressant, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] The solid waste residues in coal-based energy chemical industry are mainly divided into four categories: fly ash, desulfurized gypsum, gasification slag, and boiler slag. Due to multiple factors such as the huge and concentrated emissions of industrial solid waste residues, the low quality of solid waste residue resources, and the single resource utilization technology, it is difficult to dispose of industrial solid waste residues, which brings great pressure to the ecological environment. At present, the main disposal method is sanitary landfill. However, due to the lack of aggregate structure and extremely small cohesive force of solid waste residue particles in various landfill yards, in windy weather, the particles are easily blown up by the wind and move with the air flow. The large particle sand layer drifts with the wind, and the small particle sand layer diffuses in the air in the form of aerosol for a long time, causing serious dust pollution. A large number of suspended particles in the air are enriched, destroying the surrounding ecological environment and posing a serious threat to the production, life, and health of nearby residents.

[0003] Regarding the dust pollution problem in landfill yards, at present, spraying water and laying dust-proof nets are mainly used to prevent and control dust. However, the method of covering dust-proof nets has a poor stabilizing effect on fine particle dust and bulk slag particle dust, and large-area net laying is prone to secondary pollution; the dust particles themselves have strong hydrophobicity, the effective period of water spraying for dust suppression is short, and the pertinence is not strong. Most of these solid waste residues are stored in the northwest region with large seasonal climate changes for a long time. In summer, the weather is hot, and in winter, it is cold and dry. After various slag is washed by rainwater, the leachate generated by melting and coagulation is difficult to dispose of. Over time, harmful gases such as SO2 and H2S will be released, further causing serious pollution.

[0004] A new type of and efficient dust suppression technology is to spray chemical dust suppressants, which can be targeted for prevention and control according to the nature of the dust and the storage environment, and has received extensive attention in the field of dust pollution control. Patent CN113512404 discloses a crust-forming and moisture-retaining dust suppressant, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. It uses cocamidopropyl betaine as a surfactant to reduce the surface tension of water, and by adding inorganic salt CaCl2 and utilizing its water retention property, the rapid evaporation of water is reduced. Patent CN113480977A discloses a coal moisture-retaining dust suppressant and a preparation method thereof. It uses alginic acid, calcium lactate, a dispersant, soybean oil, and glycerol to prepare an oil-in-water emulsion dust suppressant, which can bond and agglomerate fine and easily dust-raising coal powder into larger non-dust-raising particles to achieve the purpose of dust suppression. However, the existing chemical dust suppressant products have poor wetting and water retention effects, poor bonding and adsorption forces, too fast evaporation speed at higher temperatures, and cannot quickly wet and form a crust at lower temperatures, with poor practicability and not suitable for targeted dust suppression.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an economic, environmentally friendly and efficient dust suppressant product suitable for controlling dust pollution during the landfill of solid waste residues and the transportation of slag trucks, so as to solve the dust pollution problems existing in scenarios such as landfills. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The main object of the present invention is to provide a dust suppressant, its preparation method and application, so as to solve the problems of poor wetting and water retention effects and poor bonding and adsorption force of chemical dust suppressants in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, a dust suppressant is provided. By mass percentage, the dust suppressant includes: hydrotalcite 0.018 - 1.32%, polyvinyl alcohol 1.30 - 12.5%, soluble starch 0.99 - 5.13%, polymer binder 1.73 - 9.38%, anionic surfactant 0.027 - 1.32% and the balance of water.

[0008] Further, by mass percentage, the dust suppressant includes: hydrotalcite 0.027 - 0.88%, polyvinyl alcohol 1.95 - 9.38%, soluble starch 1.32 - 3.85%, polymer binder 2.60 - 6.25%, anionic surfactant 0.036 - 0.99% and the balance of water; preferably, the mass percentage of hydrotalcite in the dust suppressant is 0.036 - 0.66%; preferably, the mass percentage of polyvinyl alcohol in the dust suppressant is 2.60 - 6.25%; more preferably, the mass ratio of hydrotalcite to polyvinyl alcohol is 1:(4 - 156); more preferably, the mass ratio of hydrotalcite to anionic surfactant is 1:(1 - 1.5).

[0009] Further, the hydrotalcite includes one or more of MgAl, ZnAl, CoAl, NiAl, CuAl, CoFe and ZnFe hydrotalcites; and / or the polymer binder includes two or more of alginate, cellulose and xanthan gum; preferably, the alginate includes sodium alginate and / or potassium alginate, and the cellulose includes one or more of methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose; more preferably, the polymer binder includes alginate and cellulose; further preferably, the mass ratio of alginate to cellulose is (4.5 - 7):1; and / or the anionic surfactant includes one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, sodium hexadecyl sulfonate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and sodium oleate.

[0010] Further, by mass percentage, the dust suppressant further comprises: 0.045-0.60% of defoamer, 0.087-0.60% of antifreeze, 0.034-0.80% of preservative, and 0.17-0.99% of colorant; preferably, the dust suppressant further comprises: 0.067-0.40% of defoamer, 0.13-0.40% of antifreeze, 0.045-0.60% of preservative, and 0.26-0.66% of colorant.

[0011] Further, the defoamer comprises SSDL defoamer; and / or the antifreeze comprises one or more of methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and glycerol; preferably, the antifreeze comprises ethylene glycol and propylene glycol; more preferably, the mass ratio of ethylene glycol to propylene glycol is 1:(1.5-3); and / or the preservative comprises one or more of benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, sorbic acid, sodium sorbate, salicylic acid, sodium salicylate, methyl paraben, phenoxyethanol, and polyaminopropyl biguanide; and / or the colorant is pigment green aqueous color paste.

[0012] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a preparation method of the above-mentioned dust suppressant of the present invention, comprising the following steps: Step S1, dissolve hydrotalcite in water, add an anionic surfactant, carry out a first stirring reaction, wash with water until neutral to obtain primary modified hydrotalcite; Step S2, dissolve polyvinyl alcohol in water, after swelling and dissolving, add the primary modified hydrotalcite, carry out a second stirring reaction to obtain secondary modified hydrotalcite; Step S3, add soluble starch and a high molecular binder to the secondary modified hydrotalcite, carry out a third stirring reaction to obtain the dust suppressant.

[0013] Further, in Step S1, during the first stirring reaction, control the pH of the system to be 4-6, preferably 4-5; and / or the stirring speed of the first stirring reaction is 250-400 rpm, the reaction temperature is 60-75 °C, and the reaction time is 120-180 min; and / or in Step S2, the swelling time of polyvinyl alcohol is 60-90 min, and the dissolution temperature is 80-95 °C; and / or the stirring speed of the second stirring reaction is 250-400 rpm, the reaction temperature is 60-75 °C, and the reaction time is 60-90 min; and / or in Step S3, the stirring speed of the third stirring reaction is 250-400 rpm, the reaction temperature is 60-75 °C, and the reaction time is 240-360 min.

[0014] Further, in step S3, before the third stirring reaction, there is also a step of adding an antifoaming agent, an antifreezing agent, and a preservative to the secondary modified hydrotalcite; after the third stirring reaction, there is also a step of adding a colorant to obtain the dust suppressant; preferably, based on the total mass percentage of the dust suppressant being 100%, the addition amount of the antifoaming agent is 0.045 - 0.60%, the addition amount of the antifreezing agent is 0.087 - 0.60%, the addition amount of the preservative is 0.034 - 0.80%, and the addition amount of the colorant is 0.17 - 0.99%; more preferably, based on the total mass percentage of the dust suppressant being 100%, the addition amount of the antifoaming agent is 0.067 - 0.40%, the addition amount of the antifreezing agent is 0.13 - 0.40%, the addition amount of the preservative is 0.045 - 0.60%, and the addition amount of the colorant is 0.26 - 0.66%.

[0015] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for dust suppression treatment of solid waste residues, where the solid waste residues include one or more of fly ash, desulfurized gypsum, gasification slag, and boiler slag. The above dust suppressant of the present invention is used to spray the solid waste residues, and the spraying amount of the dust suppressant is 4 - 7 L / m 2 .

[0016] Further, when the solid waste residue is fly ash, the spraying concentration of the dust suppressant is 2.5 - 4 wt.%; when the solid waste residue is boiler slag, the spraying concentration of the dust suppressant is 2 - 3.5 wt.%; when the solid waste residue is gasification slag, the spraying concentration of the dust suppressant is 1 - 2.5 wt.%; when the solid waste residue is desulfurized gypsum, the spraying concentration of the dust suppressant is 1 - 2 wt.%.

[0017] Applying the technical solution of the present invention, hydrotalcite, polyvinyl alcohol, and anionic surfactant are used in combination. Hydrotalcite has rich hydroxyl groups and a large interlayer spacing. The hydroxyl groups of polyvinyl alcohol and the strong permeability of the anionic surfactant can modify hydrotalcite, thereby effectively improving the wettability of the dust suppressant to the solid waste residue sample, making it have a good water retention effect, and can extend the effective dust suppression time of the dust suppressant. The organic binder and soluble starch can increase the bonding and adsorption force of the dust suppressant to the dust sample. The dust suppressant with a specific composition of the present invention has strong bonding and water retention properties after being used for the solid waste residue sample, has a good curing and crusting effect, has a high compressive strength and thickness, and is easy for subsequent operation and maintenance management. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The specification drawings forming a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present invention. In the drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 Shows the XRD spectrum of hydrotalcite according to Example 1 of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 shows the infrared spectrogram of the dust suppressant according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; and

[0021] Figure 3 shows the production process flow chart of the dust suppressant according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Among them, the above-mentioned drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0023] a, solid materials; b, water; 1, reaction kettle; 2, oil storage tank; 3, cooling tank; 4, primary dilution storage tank; 5, secondary dilution storage tank; 6, tank truck. Detailed implementation manners

[0024] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0025] It should be noted that the materials used in the present invention can all be prepared by conventional methods in the art or conveniently purchased from the market.

[0026] As described in the background art of the present invention, there are problems in the prior art such as poor wetting and water retention effects and poor adhesion and adsorption force of chemical dust suppressants. To solve the above problems, in a typical implementation manner of the present invention, a dust suppressant is provided. By mass percentage, the dust suppressant includes: hydrotalcite 0.018 - 1.32%, polyvinyl alcohol 1.30 - 12.5%, soluble starch 0.99 - 5.13%, polymer binder 1.73 - 9.38%, anionic surfactant 0.027 - 1.32% and the balance of water.

[0027] After the preliminary characterization of the properties and elemental compositions of four types of solid waste residues, it can be known that the particle sizes of various industrial solid waste residues are relatively fine, the densities are low, the SiO2 content is high, the hydrophobicity is strong, the penetration and water retention performance is poor, and at the same time, the roundness of the particle surfaces is high, mostly spherical, the adhesion between particles is small, there are large voids, and the water retention, adhesion and dust suppression effects of conventional dust suppression methods and existing chemical dust suppressants are limited.

[0028] The water-retaining and adhesive dust suppressant of the present invention comprehensively considers the physical and chemical characteristics of various industrial slags and the storage environment: First, through the large interlayer spacing of hydrotalcite, it exchanges and intercalates with an anionic surfactant having an organic anion group, thereby expanding the interlayer spacing, releasing more active sites, and combining with the surfactant to improve permeability, enabling the product to quickly penetrate into the slag sample, improving the hydrophobic property of the slag sample surface, and at the same time extending the dust suppression time of the product. Second, based on the hydroxyl groups in the molecular structure of polyvinyl alcohol and the hydroxyl groups of hydrotalcite itself, polyvinyl alcohol absorbs H2O molecules and combines with hydrotalcite modification through physical and chemical actions such as hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces, turning free water into bound water and slowing down the evaporation rate of water molecules, so that the slag sample can be in a wet and water-retaining state for a long time, thereby achieving effective dust suppression.

[0029] Third, for slag samples with small particle size and low density, based on the strong bonding and adsorption ability of soluble starch and using a polymer binder at the same time, the dust suppressant not only has moisture absorption and water retention properties but also plays the role of solidifying and crusting of the binder, effectively increasing the wind erosion resistance and rainwater scouring resistance of the dust suppressant, thereby improving the dust suppression efficiency. The dust suppressant of the present invention has strong bonding and water retention properties after being used for solid waste slag samples, has a good solidifying and crusting effect, has a high compressive strength and thickness, and is easy for subsequent operation and maintenance management.

[0030] For the purpose of further fully considering the interaction between various material components and determining their optimal ratios to achieve the best comprehensive performance of the dust suppressant, in a preferred embodiment, by mass percentage, the dust suppressant includes: hydrotalcite 0.027 - 0.88%, polyvinyl alcohol 1.95 - 9.38%, soluble starch 1.32 - 3.85%, polymer binder 2.60 - 6.25%, anionic surfactant 0.036 - 0.99% and the balance of water.

[0031] To further optimize the mixing ratio between components and effectively exert the synergistic effect between components, preferably, the mass percentage of hydrotalcite in the dust suppressant is 0.036 - 0.66%; preferably, the mass percentage of polyvinyl alcohol in the dust suppressant is 2.60 - 6.25%. More preferably, the mass ratio of hydrotalcite to polyvinyl alcohol is 1:(4 - 156); more preferably, the mass ratio of hydrotalcite to anionic surfactant is 1:(1 - 1.5), which can further improve the hydrophobic property of the slag sample surface, thereby further extending the dust suppression time of the product.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the hydrotalcite includes one or more of MgAl, ZnAl, CoAl, NiAl, CuAl, CoFe, and ZnFe hydrotalcites; the above-mentioned hydrotalcites are all soluble divalent and trivalent metal salts, which can be prepared by the coprecipitation method, are simple and easy to obtain, and can further reduce the preparation cost of the dust suppressant. And / or the polymer binder includes two or more of alginate, cellulose, and xanthan gum; preferably, the alginate includes sodium alginate and / or potassium alginate, and the cellulose includes one or more of methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, and carboxymethyl cellulose; the above-mentioned polymer binders all have stronger adhesiveness, are biodegradable, and are environmentally friendly, and can further improve the compressive strength and thickness of the product.

[0033] More preferably, the polymer binder includes alginate and cellulose; further preferably, the mass ratio of alginate to cellulose is (4.5-7):1; the carboxymethyl groups in the structures of alginate and cellulose are combined through intermolecular electrostatic attraction. At this ratio, the two have better compatibility and uniform dispersion, and the combination of the two can further increase the packing ratio of the material and has good compactness. And / or the anionic surfactant includes one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, sodium hexadecyl sulfonate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and sodium oleate; the above-mentioned anionic surfactants have lower costs and can further significantly reduce the surface tension of water during use, increasing the wettability of the dust suppressant aqueous solution to the slag sample.

[0034] To further improve the comprehensive performance of the dust suppressant, in a preferred embodiment, by mass percentage, the dust suppressant further includes: defoamer 0.045-0.60%, antifreeze 0.087-0.60%, preservative 0.034-0.80%, and colorant 0.17-0.99%; preferably, the dust suppressant further includes: defoamer 0.067-0.40%, antifreeze 0.13-0.40%, preservative 0.045-0.60%, colorant 0.26-0.66%.

[0035] Based on the strong bonding and adsorption ability of soluble starch, a colorant is added. While exerting its bonding force, it can protect the colorant from penetrating into the slag sample, helping the product to show better color and enabling a clearer observation of the dust suppression effect. At the same time, it is helpful for timely supplementary spraying of the dust suppressant and maintenance in the later stage. Also, based on the high and low temperature environments, especially the climatic characteristics of the northwest region, a fixed proportion of antifreeze is added to lower the freezing point of the dust suppressant solution, ensuring its stable use at a temperature of -15 to 30 °C, playing a role in preventing heatstroke in summer and cold in winter. In addition, by adding an appropriate amount of preservative, the long-term storage performance of the product is ensured, and an antifoaming agent is added to improve the uniformity of component mixing. The dust suppressant with specific components and contents of the present invention has strong bonding and water retention properties after being used for solid waste slag samples, has a good solidification and crusting effect, has a relatively high compressive strength and thickness, has good adaptability at -15 to 30 °C, and is easy for subsequent operation and maintenance management.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the antifoaming agent includes SSDL antifoaming agent; the above-mentioned water-based antifoaming agent has better defoaming performance and good compatibility with other materials. After adding, it can further reduce the surface tension of water and synergistically enhance the permeability of the product with the surfactant. And / or the antifreeze includes one or more of methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and glycerol; the above-mentioned antifreeze has a lower freezing point and better water solubility. Preferably, the antifreeze includes ethylene glycol and propylene glycol; more preferably, the mass ratio of ethylene glycol to propylene glycol is 1:(1.5 - 3); at this ratio, the combination of the two makes the product have both good heat dissipation effect and biodegradability, especially suitable for the storage environment with large temperature differences between day and night in the northwest region, and can also be stably used at a temperature of -15 °C.

[0037] And / or the preservative includes one or more of benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, sorbic acid, sodium sorbate, salicylic acid, sodium salicylate, methyl paraben, phenoxyethanol, and polyaminopropyl biguanide; the above-mentioned preservative is low-toxic, highly efficient, environmentally friendly, and has good water solubility, which can effectively ensure that the product adapts to various complex environments, and at the same time can make the long-term storage stability of the dust suppressant product better. And / or the colorant is pigment green aqueous color paste, and the color is better after being mixed with the above-mentioned dust suppressant components of the present invention, which is more convenient for later maintenance.

[0038] In another typical embodiment of the present invention, a preparation method of the above-mentioned dust suppressant of the present invention is also provided, including the following steps: Step S1, dissolve hydrotalcite in water, add an anionic surfactant, carry out the first stirring reaction, and wash with water until neutral to obtain primary modified hydrotalcite; Step S2, dissolve polyvinyl alcohol in water, after swelling and dissolving, add the primary modified hydrotalcite, and carry out the second stirring reaction to obtain secondary modified hydrotalcite; Step S3, add soluble starch and a high molecular binder to the secondary modified hydrotalcite, and carry out the third stirring reaction to obtain the dust suppressant.

[0039] In the present invention, an anionic surfactant is first added to hydrotalcite, and the hydrotalcite is subjected to a first blending graft modification by using the strong permeability of the anionic surfactant to expand the layer spacing of the hydrotalcite. Then, it is compounded with polyvinyl alcohol that has been swollen and dissolved and has a special molecular structure and hydroxyl groups on the molecular chain for a second modification. Through the synergistic effect, the wettability of the dust suppressant product on the solid waste residue sample can be effectively improved, so that the dust suppressant has a good water retention effect and prolongs the effective dust suppression time of the product. Then, soluble starch and a polymer binder that improve the solidification and crusting performance and the bonding performance are added to increase the viscosity of the product and the adhesion of the product to the dust sample, thereby obtaining the dust suppressant of the present invention, which has strong bonding and water retention properties for the solid waste residue sample, good solidification and crusting effects, high compressive strength and thickness, and is easy for subsequent operation and maintenance management.

[0040] The above preparation method is simple and easy to operate, and can further reduce the preparation and use costs of the dust suppressant of the present invention. It should be noted that the inventors unexpectedly found during the research process that the qualified dust suppressant product can only be prepared by strictly operating according to the above steps of the present invention. Otherwise, the modification effect may be greatly reduced, and thus the dust suppressant with good wettability and water retention and crusting properties of the present invention cannot be obtained.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, during the first stirring reaction, the pH of the system is controlled to be 4-6, preferably 4-5, so that the two components can be more fully blended and grafted in a strong acidic environment, and the first modification effect is better. And / or the stirring speed of the first stirring reaction is 250-400 rpm, the reaction temperature is 60-75 °C, and the reaction time is 120-180 min, and the mixed modification effect is better.

[0042] To further improve the mixed modification effect of polyvinyl alcohol and the first-modified hydrotalcite, in a preferred embodiment, in step S2, the swelling time of polyvinyl alcohol is 60-90 min, and the dissolution temperature is 80-95 °C; and / or the stirring speed of the second stirring reaction is 250-400 rpm, the reaction temperature is 60-75 °C, and the reaction time is 60-90 min.

[0043] For similar reasons, in a preferred embodiment, in step S3, the stirring speed of the third stirring reaction is 250-400 rpm, the reaction temperature is 60-75 °C, and the reaction time is 240-360 min.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, in step S3, before the third stirring reaction, there is also a step of adding an antifoaming agent, an antifreeze agent and a preservative to the secondary modified hydrotalcite; after the third stirring reaction, there is also a step of adding a colorant to obtain a dust suppressant; preferably, based on the total mass percentage of the dust suppressant being 100%, the addition amount of the antifoaming agent is 0.045 - 0.60%, the addition amount of the antifreeze agent is 0.087 - 0.60%, the addition amount of the preservative is 0.034 - 0.80%, and the addition amount of the colorant is 0.17 - 0.99%; more preferably, based on the total mass percentage of the dust suppressant being 100%, the addition amount of the antifoaming agent is 0.067 - 0.40%, the addition amount of the antifreeze agent is 0.13 - 0.40%, the addition amount of the preservative is 0.045 - 0.60%, and the addition amount of the colorant is 0.26 - 0.66%. This can further improve the antifreeze and anti-corrosion properties of the dust suppressant product, with better adaptability at -15 to 30 °C and being more conducive to subsequent operation and maintenance management.

[0045] In another typical embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided a method for dust suppression treatment of solid waste residues. The solid waste residues include one or more of fly ash, desulfurized gypsum, gasification slag and boiler slag. The above dust suppressant of the present invention is used to spray the solid waste residues. To further improve the economic benefits of the dust suppressant product, through the process technical means of secondary dilution of the dust suppressant, a cascade spraying scheme can be formed according to the different physical and chemical properties of the slag samples. The spraying amount of the dust suppressant is 4 - 7 L / m 2 . Among them, the spraying amount refers to the volume of the dust suppressant aqueous solution consumed per unit area of the slag sample. Based on the dust suppressant of the present invention with strong bonding and water retention properties and good solidification and crusting effects, a small amount of the dust suppressant can achieve good dust suppression effects on various solid waste residues, reduce dust pollution and lower the treatment cost.

[0046] Figure 3 This is a process flow chart of the production of the dust suppressant according to an embodiment of the present invention. The reaction system is a stirred tank reaction system. Solid material a and water b are stirred and reacted in reaction kettle 1. The oil storage tank 2 supplies heat to the reaction system by inputting heat transfer oil into the jacket of reaction kettle 1 through a circulation pump. The cooling tank 3 inputs process water into the coil of the oil storage tank 2 through a circulation pump to lower the temperature of the heat transfer oil, thereby removing heat from the reaction system to maintain the temperature of the entire reaction system constant. There is an interlock between the temperature in reaction kettle 1 and the circulation pump. When the temperature in reaction kettle 1 reaches the set temperature, the circulation pump automatically disconnects, and the entire reaction process is in a constant temperature state, which can effectively control the reaction temperature and at the same time help extend the service life of the circulation pump. There is a check valve in the return oil pipeline of the jacket of reaction kettle 1 to prevent the heat transfer oil in the oil storage tank 2 from overflowing after the circulation pump stops working. The product prepared in reaction kettle 1 is diluted to the tanker 6 for spraying through two - stage dilution in the primary dilution storage tank 4 and the secondary dilution storage tank 5 as needed.

[0047] In order to further target the physical and chemical characteristics of various industrial solid waste residues and better conduct targeted dust suppression, in a preferred embodiment, when the solid waste residue is fly ash, the spraying concentration of the dust suppressant is 2.5 - 4 wt.%; when the solid waste residue is boiler slag, the spraying concentration of the dust suppressant is 2 - 3.5 wt.%; when the solid waste residue is gasification slag, the spraying concentration of the dust suppressant is 1 - 2.5 wt.%; when the solid waste residue is desulfurized gypsum, the spraying concentration of the dust suppressant is 1 - 2 wt.%. Herein, the spraying concentration refers to the mass concentration of the dust suppressant in the solution during the actual application of the dust suppressant aqueous solution.

[0048] Typical but non-limiting, the weight percentages of the components in the dust suppressant include the following: hydrotalcite 0.018%, 0.027%, 0.03%, 0.036%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.07%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.26%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.44%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.66%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.88%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.32% or a range value composed of any two of these values; polyvinyl alcohol 1.30%, 1.5%, 1.95%, 2.5%, 2.60%, 3%, 3.23%, 3.5%, 3.85%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.25%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.38%, 10%, 10.5%, 11%, 11.5%, 12%, 12.5% or a range value composed of any two of these values; soluble starch 0.99%, 1.2%, 1.32%, 1.5%, 1.98%, 2%, 2.5%, 2.6%, 3%, 3.23%, 3.5%, 3.85%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.13% or a range value composed of any two of these values; high molecular binder 1.73%, 2%, 2.60%, 3%, 3.23%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.46%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.25%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.38% or a range value composed of any two of these values; anionic surfactant 0.027%, 0.036%, 0.05%, 0.99%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.26%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.44%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.32% or a range value composed of any two of these values.

[0049] Typically but not limited to, the mass ratio of hydrotalcite to polyvinyl alcohol is 1:4, 1:10, 1:20, 1:30, 1:40, 1:50, 1:60, 1:70, 1:80, 1:90, 1:100, 1:110, 1:120, 1:130, 1:140, 1:150, 1:156 or a range value composed of any two of these ratios.

[0050] Typically but not limited to, the mass ratio of hydrotalcite to anionic surfactant is 1:1, 1:1.1, 1:1.2, 1:1.3, 1:1.4, 1:1.5 or a range value composed of any two of these ratios.

[0051] Typically but not limited to, when the polymer binder includes alginate and cellulose, the mass ratio of alginate to cellulose is 4.5:1, 5:1, 5.5:1, 6:1, 6.5:1, 7:1 or a range value composed of any two of these ratios.

[0052] Typically but not limited to, the weight percentages of the components in the dust suppressant are as follows: defoamer 0.045%, 0.067%, 0.07%, 0.10%, 0.13%, 0.20%, 0.26%, 0.30%, 0.33%, 0.40%, 0.50%, 0.60% or a range value composed of any two of these values; antifreeze 0.087%, 0.10%, 0.13%, 0.20%, 0.26%, 0.30%, 0.40%, 0.50%, 0.60% or a range value composed of any two of these values; preservative 0.034%, 0.045%, 0.05%, 0.07%, 0.10%, 0.13%, 0.20%, 0.30%, 0.33%, 0.40%, 0.50%, 0.60%, 0.70%, 0.80% or a range value composed of any two of these values; colorant 0.17%, 0.26%, 0.33%, 0.44%, 0.53%, 0.55%, 0.56%, 0.66%, 0.77%, 0.88%, 0.99% or a range value composed of any two of these values;

[0053] Typically but not limited to, when the antifreeze includes ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, the mass ratio of ethylene glycol to propylene glycol is 1:1.5, 1:1.8, 1:2, 1:2.3, 1:2.5, 1:2.8, 1:3 or a range value composed of any two of these ratios.

[0054] Typically but not limited to, in step S1, the stirring speed of the first stirring reaction is 250 rpm, 300 rpm, 350 rpm, 400 rpm or a range value composed of any two of these values, the reaction temperature is 60 °C, 65 °C, 70 °C, 75 °C or a range value composed of any two of these values, and the reaction time is 120 min, 130 min, 140 min, 150 min, 160 min, 170 min, 180 min or a range value composed of any two of these values.

[0055] Typically but not limited to, in step S2, the swelling time of polyvinyl alcohol is 60 min, 70 min, 80 min, 90 min or a range value composed of any two of these values, the dissolution temperature is 80 °C, 85 °C, 90 °C, 95 °C or a range value composed of any two of these values; the stirring speed of the second stirring reaction is 250 rpm, 300 rpm, 350 rpm, 400 rpm or a range value composed of any two of these values, the reaction temperature is 60 °C, 65 °C, 70 °C, 75 °C or a range value composed of any two of these values, and the reaction time is 60 min, 70 min, 80 min, 90 min or a range value composed of any two of these values.

[0056] Typically but not limited to, in step S3, the stirring speed of the third stirring reaction is 250 rpm, 300 rpm, 350 rpm, 400 rpm or a range value composed of any two of these values, the reaction temperature is 60 °C, 65 °C, 70 °C, 75 °C or a range value composed of any two of these values, and the reaction time is 240 min, 260 min, 280 min, 300 min, 320 min, 340 min, 360 min or a range value composed of any two of these values.

[0057] Typically but not limited to, the spraying amount of the dust suppressant is 4 L / m 2 、5 L / m 2 、6 L / m 2 、7 L / m 2 or a range value composed of any two of these values.

[0058] Typically but not limited to, when the solid waste residue is fly ash, the spraying concentration of the dust suppressant is 2.5 wt.%, 3 wt.%, 3.5 wt.%, 4 wt.% or a range value composed of any two of these values; when the solid waste residue is boiler slag, the spraying concentration of the dust suppressant is 2 wt.%, 2.5 wt.%, 3 wt.%, 3.5 wt.% or a range value composed of any two of these values; when the solid waste residue is gasification slag, the spraying concentration of the dust suppressant is 1 wt.%, 1.5 wt.%, 2 wt.%, 2.5 wt.% or a range value composed of any two of these values; when the solid waste residue is desulfurized gypsum, the spraying concentration of the dust suppressant is 1 wt.%, 1.5 wt.%, 2 wt.% or a range value composed of any two of these values.

[0059] The following further describes the present application in detail with specific embodiments, and these embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope claimed by the present application.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] The components are shown in Table 1.

[0062] Step S1: Dissolve hydrotalcite (MgAl) in deionized water, add an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate) in a mass ratio of 1:1, control the pH of the solution to be 4 - 5, vigorously stir and react at 350 rpm and 70 °C for 150 min, then cool and stand still, wash with deionized water until neutral, dry and grind to obtain the first-modified hydrotalcite.

[0063] Step S2: Dissolve polyvinyl alcohol in deionized water, swell at room temperature for 80 min, dissolve at 90 °C, then add the first-modified hydrotalcite, and stir and mix at 350 rpm and 70 °C for 80 min to obtain the second-modified hydrotalcite.

[0064] Step S3: Add soluble starch, a polymer binder (sodium alginate and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in a mass ratio of 5:1), an antifoaming agent (Airase 5600), an antifreeze agent (ethylene glycol and propylene glycol in a mass ratio of 1:1.5), and a preservative (sodium sorbate) to the second-modified hydrotalcite, vigorously stir and react at 350 rpm and 70 °C for 300 min, then cool to room temperature, and then add a colorant (pigment green water-based color paste) to obtain the dust suppressant, which is diluted in two stages and then ready for use.

[0065] The XRD pattern of hydrotalcite (MgAl) in Example 1 is shown in Figure 1 , and the infrared spectrum of the dust suppressant is shown in Figure 2 , and the production process flow chart of the dust suppressant is shown in Figure 3 .

[0066] Example 2

[0067] The components are shown in Table 1.

[0068] Step S1, dissolving hydrotalcite (CoAl) in deionized water, adding anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate) at a mass ratio of 1:1.4, controlling the solution pH to 4-5, stirring vigorously at 350 rpm and 70° C. for 150 min, cooling and standing, washing with deionized water until neutral, drying and grinding to obtain a primary modified hydrotalcite;

[0069] Step S2, dissolving polyvinyl alcohol in deionized water, swelling at room temperature for 80 minutes, and after dissolving at 90° C., adding primary modified hydrotalcite, stirring and mixing at 350 rpm and 70° C. for 80 minutes to obtain secondary modified hydrotalcite;

[0070] Step S3, adding soluble starch, polymer binder (sodium alginate and carboxymethyl cellulose mass ratio of 4.5:1), defoamer (Airase 5600), antifreeze (ethylene glycol and propylene glycol mass ratio of 1:2) and preservative (sodium benzoate) to the secondary modified hydrotalcite, stirring vigorously at 350 rpm and 70 ° C for 300 minutes, and then cooling to room temperature, and then adding colorant (pigment green water-based color paste) to obtain a dust suppressant, which is set aside after two-stage dilution.

[0071] Example 3

[0072] The ingredients are shown in Table 1.

[0073] Step S1, dissolving hydrotalcite (ZnAl) in deionized water, adding anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate) at a mass ratio of 1:1, controlling the solution pH to 4-5, stirring vigorously at 350 rpm and 70° C. for 150 min, cooling and standing, washing with deionized water until neutral, drying and grinding, to obtain a primary modified hydrotalcite;

[0074] Step S2, dissolving polyvinyl alcohol in deionized water, swelling at room temperature for 80 minutes, and after dissolving at 90° C., adding primary modified hydrotalcite, stirring and mixing at 350 rpm and 70° C. for 80 minutes to obtain secondary modified hydrotalcite;

[0075] Step S3, adding soluble starch, polymer binder (mass ratio of potassium alginate and methyl cellulose 5.5:1), defoamer (Airase 5600), antifreeze (mass ratio of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol 1:3) and preservative (sodium salicylate) to the secondary modified hydrotalcite, stirring vigorously at 350 rpm and 70 ° C for 300 minutes, and then cooling to room temperature, and then adding colorant (pigment green water-based color paste) to obtain dust suppressant, which is set aside after two-stage dilution.

[0076] Example 4

[0077] The ingredients are shown in Table 1.

[0078] Step S1, dissolving hydrotalcite (NiAl) in deionized water, adding anionic surfactant (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate) at a mass ratio of 1:1.3, controlling the solution pH to 4-5, stirring vigorously at 350 rpm and 70° C. for 150 min, cooling and standing, washing with deionized water until neutral, drying and grinding, to obtain a primary modified hydrotalcite;

[0079] Step S2, dissolving polyvinyl alcohol in deionized water, swelling at room temperature for 80 minutes, and after dissolving at 90° C., adding primary modified hydrotalcite, stirring and mixing at 350 rpm and 70° C. for 80 minutes to obtain secondary modified hydrotalcite;

[0080] Step S3, adding soluble starch, polymer binder (mass ratio of potassium alginate and ethyl cellulose 6:1), defoaming agent (Airase5600), antifreeze agent (mass ratio of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol 1:2.5) and preservative (sodium salicylate) to the secondary modified hydrotalcite, stirring vigorously at 350 rpm and 70 ° C for 300 minutes, and then cooling to room temperature, and then adding colorant (pigment green water-based color paste) to obtain dust suppressant, which is set aside after two-stage dilution.

[0081] Example 5

[0082] The ingredients are shown in Table 1.

[0083] Step S1, dissolving hydrotalcite (MgAl) in deionized water, adding anionic surfactant (sodium hexadecyl sulfate) at a mass ratio of 1:1.3, controlling the pH of the solution to be 4-5, stirring vigorously at 350 rpm and 70° C. for 150 minutes, cooling and standing, washing with deionized water until neutral, drying and grinding, and obtaining a primary modified hydrotalcite;

[0084] Step S2, dissolving polyvinyl alcohol in deionized water, swelling at room temperature for 80 minutes, and after dissolving at 90° C., adding primary modified hydrotalcite, stirring and mixing at 350 rpm and 70° C. for 80 minutes to obtain secondary modified hydrotalcite;

[0085] Step S3, adding soluble starch, polymer binder (mass ratio of potassium alginate and xanthan gum 6.5:1), defoamer (Airase5600), antifreeze (mass ratio of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol 1:1.5) and preservative (methyl paraben) to the secondary modified hydrotalcite, stirring vigorously at 350 rpm and 70 ° C for 300 minutes, and then cooling to room temperature, and then adding colorant (pigment green water-based color paste) to obtain a dust suppressant, which is set aside after two-stage dilution.

[0086] Example 6

[0087] The ingredients are shown in Table 1.

[0088] Step S1, dissolving hydrotalcite (CoAl) in deionized water, adding anionic surfactant (sodium oleate) at a mass ratio of 1:1.5, controlling the pH of the solution to be 4-5, stirring vigorously at 350 rpm and 70° C. for 150 min, cooling and standing, washing with deionized water until neutral, drying and grinding to obtain a primary modified hydrotalcite;

[0089] Step S2, dissolving polyvinyl alcohol in deionized water, swelling at room temperature for 80 minutes, and after dissolving at 90° C., adding primary modified hydrotalcite, stirring and mixing at 350 rpm and 70° C. for 80 minutes to obtain secondary modified hydrotalcite;

[0090] Step S3, adding soluble starch, polymer binder (sodium alginate and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose mass ratio of 7:1), defoaming agent (Airase 5600), antifreeze agent (ethylene glycol and propylene glycol mass ratio of 1:3) and preservative (sodium sorbate) to the secondary modified hydrotalcite, stirring vigorously at 350 rpm and 70 ° C for 300 minutes, and then cooling to room temperature, and then adding colorant (pigment green water-based color paste) to obtain a dust suppressant, which is set aside after two-stage dilution.

[0091] Examples 7 to 14

[0092] The difference between Examples 7 to 14 and Example 1 is that the components of the dust suppressants are different, see Table 1 for details.

[0093] Embodiment 15

[0094] The ingredients are shown in Table 1.

[0095] Step S1, dissolving hydrotalcite (MgAl) in deionized water, adding anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate) at a mass ratio of 1:1, controlling the pH of the solution to be 4-5, stirring vigorously at 250 rpm and 60° C. for 180 min, cooling and standing, washing with deionized water until neutral, drying and grinding to obtain a primary modified hydrotalcite;

[0096] Step S2, dissolving polyvinyl alcohol in deionized water, swelling at room temperature for 60 minutes, and after dissolving at 95° C., adding primary modified hydrotalcite, stirring and mixing at 250 rpm and 60° C. for 90 minutes to obtain secondary modified hydrotalcite;

[0097] Step S3, adding soluble starch, polymer binder (sodium alginate and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose mass ratio of 4.5:1), defoamer (Airase 5600), antifreeze (ethylene glycol and propylene glycol mass ratio of 1:1.5) and preservative (sodium sorbate) to the secondary modified hydrotalcite, stirring vigorously at 250 rpm and 60 ° C for 360 minutes, and then cooling to room temperature, and then adding colorant (pigment green water-based color paste) to obtain a dust suppressant, which is set aside after two-stage dilution.

[0098] Example 16

[0099] The ingredients are shown in Table 1.

[0100] Step S1, dissolving hydrotalcite (MgAl) in deionized water, adding anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate) at a mass ratio of 1:1, controlling the pH of the solution to be 4-6, stirring vigorously at 400 rpm and 75° C. for 120 min, cooling and standing, washing with deionized water until neutral, drying and grinding to obtain a primary modified hydrotalcite;

[0101] Step S2, dissolving polyvinyl alcohol in deionized water, swelling at room temperature for 90 minutes, and after dissolving at 80° C., adding the primary modified hydrotalcite, stirring and mixing at 400 rpm and 75° C. for 60 minutes to obtain the secondary modified hydrotalcite;

[0102] Step S3, adding soluble starch, polymer binder (sodium alginate and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose mass ratio of 7:1), defoaming agent (Airase 5600), antifreeze agent (ethylene glycol and propylene glycol mass ratio of 1:3) and preservative (sodium sorbate) to the secondary modified hydrotalcite, stirring vigorously at 400 rpm and 75 ° C for 240 minutes, and then cooling to room temperature, and then adding colorant (pigment green water-based color paste) to obtain a dust suppressant, which is diluted in two stages for standby use.

[0103] Comparative Example 1

[0104] The ingredients are shown in Table 1.

[0105] Step 1, dissolving polyvinyl alcohol in deionized water, swelling at room temperature for 80 minutes, and after dissolving at 90° C., adding sodium dodecyl sulfate, and stirring and mixing at 350 rpm and 70° C. for 80 minutes;

[0106] Step 2, add soluble starch, polymer binder (sodium alginate and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose mass ratio of 5:1), defoamer (Airase 5600), antifreeze (ethylene glycol and propylene glycol mass ratio of 1:1.5) and preservative (sodium sorbate) to the product of step 1, stir vigorously at 350rpm and 70°C for 300min, then cool to room temperature, then add colorant (pigment green water-based color paste) to obtain dust suppressant, which is set aside after two-stage dilution.

[0107] Comparative Example 2

[0108] The ingredients are shown in Table 1.

[0109] Step 1, dissolving hydrotalcite (MgAl) in deionized water, adding anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate) at a mass ratio of 1:1, controlling the solution pH to 4-5, stirring vigorously at 350 rpm and 70° C. for 150 minutes, cooling and standing, washing with deionized water until neutral, drying and grinding, and obtaining a primary modified hydrotalcite;

[0110] Step 2, dissolving polyvinyl alcohol in deionized water, swelling at room temperature for 80 minutes, and after dissolving at 90° C., adding primary modified hydrotalcite, stirring and mixing at 350 rpm and 70° C. for 80 minutes to obtain secondary modified hydrotalcite;

[0111] Step 3, add soluble starch, defoaming agent (Airase 5600), antifreeze agent (mass ratio of ethylene glycol to propylene glycol 1:1.5) and preservative (sodium sorbate) to the secondary modified hydrotalcite, stir vigorously at 350 rpm and 70 ° C for 300 minutes, then cool to room temperature, and then add colorant (pigment green water-based color paste) to obtain a dust suppressant, which is diluted in two stages for standby use.

[0112] Comparative Example 3

[0113] The ingredients are shown in Table 1.

[0114] Step 1, dissolving hydrotalcite (MgAl) in deionized water, adding anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate) at a mass ratio of 1:1, controlling the pH of the solution to be 4-5, stirring vigorously at 350 rpm and 70° C. for 150 minutes, cooling and standing, washing with deionized water until neutral, drying and grinding to obtain modified hydrotalcite;

[0115] Step 2, add soluble starch, polymer binder (sodium alginate and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose mass ratio of 5:1), defoamer (Airase 5600), antifreeze (ethylene glycol and propylene glycol mass ratio of 1:1.5) and preservative (sodium sorbate) to the modified hydrotalcite, stir vigorously at 350 rpm and 70 ° C for 300 minutes, then cool to room temperature, then add colorant (pigment green water-based color paste) to obtain a dust suppressant, which is diluted in two stages for standby use.

[0116] The dust suppressant products prepared in the above examples and comparative examples were tested for water retention performance, dust suppression efficiency, compressive strength and thickness, and the results are shown in Table 2. The testing method is as follows:

[0117] Water retention performance test: Weigh a certain mass of fly ash sample and place it in a stainless steel top plate, place it in a 40°C oven for overnight drying, spray a 3.5wt% dust suppressant product aqueous solution on the slag sample, place it in a constant temperature oven, measure its weight every hour, record the data, and calculate the evaporation rate ω (H2O) as follows:

[0118]

[0119] Where m is the mass of the material before drying, in grams (g); m1 is the mass of the material after drying, in grams (g); S is the evaporation area m of the evaporator 2 ; t is the evaporation time, in seconds (s). The arithmetic mean of the parallel determination results is taken as the final determination result, and the result is retained to one decimal place.

[0120] Dust suppression efficiency test: Select boiler fine slag samples of 10-30 mesh, dry them in a 50℃ oven for 5h to remove moisture, weigh a certain amount of slag samples and place them in two stainless steel top plates, with the surface of the slag samples flush with the top plates, and weigh them as m1. Spray 3wt% dust suppressant product aqueous solution, dry them in a 50℃ oven for 2h, and then put them in a wind tunnel. Under the condition of a wind speed of 30m / s on the surface of the slag samples, blow them for 5min and weigh them respectively. The mass of the remaining slag samples is m2. The dust suppression efficiency X is calculated as follows:

[0121]

[0122] Wherein, m1 is the mass of the slag sample before erosion, in grams (g); m2 is the mass of the slag sample after erosion, in grams (g).

[0123] Compressive strength and thickness test: Spray the aqueous solution of the dust suppressant product with a concentration of 3 wt.% onto the fine boiler slag sample, and conduct the test after it is completely wetted and dried. Place the rigid force-bearing block on its surface and gradually increase its weight. When the surface breaks, calculate the surface compressive strength from the weight and force-bearing area of the force-bearing block, and at the same time use a measuring ruler to measure its thickness respectively, and take the average of three measurements.

[0124] Table 1

[0125]

[0126]

[0127] Table 2

[0128] Test items Water retention / % Dust suppression efficiency / % Compressive strength / KPa Thickness / mm Example 1 91 99.58 113 17 Example 2 92.4 99.75 122 19 Example 3 90.9 99.12 110 16 Example 4 91.2 99.6 115 18 Example 5 89.5 97.27 106 15 Example 6 91 98.11 108 16 Example 7 89.4 97.51 104 14 Example 8 90.6 98.02 108 16 Example 9 90.2 98 108 16 Example 10 89.3 97.4 104 14 Example 11 84.6 93.54 101 13 Example 12 85.6 94.02 102 13 Example 13 85.3 93.9 102 13 Example 14 84.4 93.4 101 13 Example 15 90.1 97.95 107 15 Example 16 90 97.83 107 15 Comparative example 1 76.3 85.28 98 12 Comparative example 2 80.3 79.78 80 8 Comparative example 3 82.3 88 90 12

[0129] From Figure 1 and Figure 2 By comparing the positions of each spectral peak in the two spectrograms, it can be seen that the dust suppressant product is successfully prepared.

[0130] In each embodiment of the present invention, an anionic surfactant, polyvinyl alcohol and hydrotalcite are used in combination. Hydrotalcite itself has rich hydroxyl groups and a large interlayer spacing. It is compounded and modified once with a strongly permeable anionic surfactant, and then compounded and modified twice with polyvinyl alcohol having a special molecular structure and hydroxyl groups on the molecular chain, which can effectively improve the wettability of the dust suppressant product to the solid waste residue sample, make the sample have a good water retention effect, and extend the effective dust suppression time of the product. The organic binder can increase the viscosity of the product and the adhesion of the product to the dust sample. As the water in the product evaporates, the binder can fill the gaps between the dust particles, making the particles tightly connected.

[0131] By comparative analysis of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 3, it can be seen that in Comparative Example 1, hydrotalcite was not added, and the product was prepared by using polyvinyl alcohol alone, with the water retention decreased by 15% and the dust suppression efficiency decreased by about 15%; in Comparative Example 3, polyvinyl alcohol was not added, and the product was prepared by using hydrotalcite alone, with the water retention decreased by 10% and the dust suppression efficiency decreased by 10%. The water retention and dust suppression efficiency of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 both decreased significantly, indicating that the properties of polyvinyl alcohol and hydrotalcite themselves and the synergistic effect between the two have a great impact on the product performance. By comparative analysis of Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, it can be seen that in Comparative Example 2, the organic binder was not added, with the water retention decreased by 10%, the dust suppression efficiency decreased by about 20%, and the compressive strength decreased by 40 KPa, indicating that the organic binder has a great impact on the product performance.

[0132] As can be seen from the above, compared with the comparative examples, in each embodiment of the present invention, hydrotalcite, polyvinyl alcohol and anionic surfactant are used in combination. Hydrotalcite has rich hydroxyl groups and a large interlayer spacing. The hydroxyl groups of polyvinyl alcohol and the strong permeability of anionic surfactant can modify hydrotalcite, thereby effectively improving the wettability of the dust suppressant to the solid waste sample, making it have a good water retention effect, which can extend the effective dust suppression time of the dust suppressant. The organic binder and soluble starch can increase the adhesion and adsorption force of the dust suppressant to the dust sample. The dust suppressant with a specific composition of the present invention has strong adhesion and water retention after being used for the solid waste sample, good solidification and crusting effects, high compressive strength and thickness, and is easy for subsequent operation and maintenance management. In addition, it can be seen that when each component parameter or process parameter is within the preferred range of the present invention, the comprehensive performance of the dust suppressant is the best.

[0133] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dust suppressant, characterized in that, By mass percentage, the dust suppressant comprises: hydrotalcite 0.018 - 1.32%, polyvinyl alcohol 1.30 - 12.5%, soluble starch 0.99 - 5.13%, polymer binder 1.73 - 9.38%, anionic surfactant 0.027 - 1.32%, and the balance of water; The preparation method of the dust suppressant comprises the following steps: Step S1, dissolve the hydrotalcite in water, add the anionic surfactant, carry out a first stirring reaction, wash with water until neutral to obtain primary modified hydrotalcite; Step S2, dissolve the polyvinyl alcohol in water, after swelling and dissolving, add the primary modified hydrotalcite, carry out a second stirring reaction to obtain secondary modified hydrotalcite; Step S3, add the soluble starch and the polymer binder to the secondary modified hydrotalcite, carry out a third stirring reaction to obtain the dust suppressant.

2. A dust suppressant, characterized in that, By mass percentage, the dust suppressant comprises: hydrotalcite 0.018 - 1.32%, polyvinyl alcohol 1.30 - 12.5%, soluble starch 0.99 - 5.13%, polymer binder 1.73 - 9.38%, anionic surfactant 0.027 - 1.32%, defoamer 0.045 - 0.60%, antifreeze 0.087 - 0.60%, preservative 0.034 - 0.80%, colorant 0.17 - 0.99%, and the balance of water; The preparation method of the dust suppressant comprises the following steps: Step S1, dissolve the hydrotalcite in water, add the anionic surfactant, carry out a first stirring reaction, wash with water until neutral to obtain primary modified hydrotalcite; Step S2, dissolve the polyvinyl alcohol in water, after swelling and dissolving, add the primary modified hydrotalcite, carry out a second stirring reaction to obtain secondary modified hydrotalcite; Step S3, add the soluble starch and the polymer binder to the secondary modified hydrotalcite, add the defoamer, the antifreeze and the preservative to the secondary modified hydrotalcite, carry out a third stirring reaction, add the colorant to obtain the dust suppressant.

3. The dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that, By mass percentage, the dust suppressant comprises: the hydrotalcite 0.027 - 0.88%, the polyvinyl alcohol 1.95 - 9.38%, the soluble starch 1.32 - 3.85%, the polymer binder 2.60 - 6.25%, the anionic surfactant 0.036 - 0.99%, and the balance of water.

4. The dust suppressant according to claim 2, wherein By mass percentage, the dust suppressant comprises: the hydrotalcite 0.027 - 0.88%, the polyvinyl alcohol 1.95 - 9.38%, the soluble starch 1.32 - 3.85%, the polymer binder 2.60 - 6.25%, the anionic surfactant 0.036 - 0.99%, the defoamer 0.067 - 0.40%, the antifreeze 0.13 - 0.40%, the preservative 0.045 - 0.60%, the colorant 0.26 - 0.66%, and the balance of water.

5. The dust suppressant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The mass percentage of the hydrotalcite in the dust suppressant is 0.036 - 0.66%.

6. The dust suppressant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The mass percentage of the polyvinyl alcohol in the dust suppressant is 2.60 - 6.25%.

7. The dust suppressant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the hydrotalcite to the polyvinyl alcohol is 1:(4 - 156).

8. The dust suppressant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the hydrotalcite to the anionic surfactant is 1:(1 - 1.5).

9. The dust suppressant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the hydrotalcite includes one or more of MgAl, ZnAl, CoAl, NiAl, CuAl, CoFe, and ZnFe hydrotalcites; and / or the polymer binder includes two or more of alginate, cellulose, and xanthan gum; and / or the anionic surfactant includes one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, sodium cetyl sulfonate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and sodium oleate.

10. The dust suppressant according to claim 9, characterized in that, The alginate includes sodium alginate and / or potassium alginate, and the cellulose includes one or more of methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, and carboxymethyl cellulose.

11. The dust suppressant according to claim 10, characterized in that, The polymer binder includes the alginate and the cellulose, and the mass ratio of the alginate to the cellulose is (4.5 - 7):

1.

12. The dust suppressant according to claim 2, characterized in that the defoamer includes SSDL defoamer; and / or the antifreeze includes one or more of methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and glycerol; and / or the preservative includes one or more of benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, sorbic acid, sodium sorbate, salicylic acid, sodium salicylate, methyl paraben, phenoxyethanol, and polyaminopropyl biguanide; and / or the colorant is pigment green aqueous color paste.

13. The dust suppressant according to claim 12, wherein The antifreeze includes the ethylene glycol and the propylene glycol, and the mass ratio of the ethylene glycol to the propylene glycol is 1:(1.5 - 3).

14. The dust suppressant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the step S1, during the first stirring reaction, the pH of the system is controlled to be 4 - 6; and / or the stirring speed of the first stirring reaction is 250 - 400 rpm, the reaction temperature is 60 - 75 °C, and the reaction time is 120 - 180 min; and / or in the step S2, the swelling time of the polyvinyl alcohol is 60 - 90 min, and the dissolution temperature is 80 - 95 °C; and / or the stirring speed of the second stirring reaction is 250 - 400 rpm, the reaction temperature is 60 - 75 °C, and the reaction time is 60 - 90 min; and / or in the step S3, the stirring speed of the third stirring reaction is 250 - 400 rpm, the reaction temperature is 60 - 75 °C, and the reaction time is 240 - 360 min.

15. A method for dust suppression treatment of solid waste residues, the solid waste residues including one or more of fly ash, desulfurized gypsum, gasification slag, and boiler slag, characterized in that, Spray the solid waste residue with the dust suppressant according to any one of claims 1 to 14, and the spraying amount of the dust suppressant is 4 - 7 L / m 2 .

16. The dust suppression treatment method according to claim 15, characterized in that when the solid waste residue is fly ash, the spraying concentration of the dust suppressant is 2.5 - 4 wt.%; when the solid waste residue is boiler slag, the spraying concentration of the dust suppressant is 2 - 3.5 wt.%; when the solid waste residue is gasification slag, the spraying concentration of the dust suppressant is 1 - 2.5 wt.%. When the solid waste residue is desulfurized gypsum, the spraying concentration of the dust suppressant is 1-2 wt.%.

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