Manufacturing method and applications of connecting elements used to increase friction in component connections.

Abstract

This disclosure relates to a winding of a connecting element comprising a continuous metal strip including (i) a support structure, (ii) a plurality of connecting elements, and (iii) a plurality of extensions guided out of a plane of the metal strip; wherein each connecting element is associated with at least one retaining arm that integrally connects the connecting element to at least one of (a) the support structure and (b) one or more other connecting elements, and wherein the winding comprises a plurality of individual loops of the metal strip, wherein each individual loop is adjacent to an adjacent individual loop and is kept at a distance from the adjacent individual loops by the extensions of the metal strip, and wherein each connecting element comprises a metal substrate having a first engagement surface on one side of the substrate and a second engagement surface on the opposite side of the substrate, wherein each engagement surface comprises hard particles fixed to the metal substrate by an adhesive layer. This disclosure also relates to a method for manufacturing the wound roll, a method for manufacturing a plurality of individual connecting elements, and the use of connecting elements made from the wound roll for connecting first and second components to be joined in a machine, equipment or motor vehicle structure, in energy generation, or in microelectronic or micromechanical equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing a connecting element for a friction-increasing connection of parts to be joined. Background Technology

[0002] Force-locked connections are frequently used in the structures of machines, equipment, and motor vehicles, as well as in all areas of energy generation, to transmit force or torque. The magnitude of the forces that can be transmitted depends not only on the structural design but also primarily on the static friction values ​​(coefficient of static friction) of the surfaces of the connected components. Therefore, for such force-locked connections, efforts are made to provide friction-enhancing measures that allow the safe transmission of the maximum possible lateral force and torque. Additionally, force-locked connections can also be referred to as non-positive connections or friction connections.

[0003] It is known to use friction-increasing interlayers to increase holding force or torque, which can be transmitted in bolted and clamped connections. US 6,347,905 B1 discloses a connecting element for a friction-increasing, gapless, reversible connector for parts to be joined. This connecting element comprises a spring-elastic steel foil with defined particles on its surface, these particles being fixed to the spring-elastic foil by means of an adhesive phase. These particles are composed of a hard material, preferably diamond, cubic boron nitride, alumina, silicon carbide, or boron carbide. By using such a separate connecting element, the static coefficient of friction in a frictional connection can be increased.

[0004] Such connecting elements for friction-increasing connections between two parts to be joined are typically manufactured using a chemical plating process. A metal substrate (e.g., steel foil) is coated in a chemical plating bath with hard particles and a metal binder. For this coating method, the metal substrate is placed on a suitable carrier or rack to ensure a defined distance between different metal substrates and uniform coating of the metal substrates.

[0005] With the trend towards smaller and more compact products, and the demand for extremely small connecting elements with diameters of only a few millimeters—for applications such as automotive electrification or friction-enhanced applications in the electronics industry—mounting has become extremely difficult or nearly impossible. Furthermore, production costs are very high because a single plating bath can only produce a relatively small amount of metal substrate. This is because the volume required for the mount is relatively large compared to the size of the very small connecting element, resulting in inefficient use of the plating bath volume.

[0006] There is a need to improve the methods used to manufacture connecting elements for friction-increasing connections of components, so as to allow the production of small-sized connecting elements with a diameter of only about 10 mm.

[0007] As used herein, the term “comprising” should also include the terms “substantially consisting of” and “consisting of”. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In a first aspect, this disclosure relates to a winding of a connecting element, the winding comprising a continuous metal strip, the continuous metal strip comprising:

[0009] (i) Supporting structure,

[0010] (ii) Multiple connecting elements, and

[0011] (iii) Multiple extensions of the plane of the metal strip being guided out;

[0012] Each connecting element is associated with at least one retaining arm, which integrally connects the connecting element to at least one of the following:

[0013] (a) The supporting structure, and

[0014] (b) One or more other connecting elements;

[0015] Furthermore, the winding coil includes multiple individual loops of the metal strip, and each individual loop is adjacent to an adjacent individual loop and is maintained at a certain distance from the adjacent individual loop through an extension of the metal strip;

[0016] Each connecting element includes a metal substrate having a first engagement surface on one side of the substrate and a second engagement surface on the opposite side of the substrate, wherein each engagement surface includes hard particles fixed to the metal substrate by an adhesive layer.

[0017] In another aspect, this disclosure also relates to a method for manufacturing a wound coil of such a connecting element, the method comprising:

[0018] (a) A metal strip is provided having a first surface on one side of the metal strip and a second surface on the opposite side of the metal strip.

[0019] (b) Process the metal strip to form a metal strip comprising the following:

[0020] (i) Supporting structure,

[0021] (ii) Multiple metal substrates, each individual metal substrate being a metal substrate for connecting elements, and

[0022] (iii) Multiple extensions,

[0023] Each metal substrate is associated with at least one retaining arm, which integrally connects the metal substrate to at least one of the following:

[0024] (A) The supporting structure, and

[0025] (B) One or more other metal substrates;

[0026] Furthermore, the plurality of extensions are disposed on at least one of two opposing surfaces of the metal strip, and each extension is guided out of the plane of the metal strip.

[0027] (c) Winding the metal strip into a wound coil, wherein the wound coil includes

[0028] The metal strip has multiple individual loops, each loop being adjacent to an adjacent loop and maintained at a certain distance from the adjacent loop by an extension of the metal strip.

[0029] (d) The hard particles are fixed to the first and second surfaces of the metal strip with an adhesive layer to form a winding of the connecting element.

[0030] The methods disclosed in this article may also include:

[0031] (e) Separate each connecting element from the support structure or from one or more other connecting elements to form multiple individual connecting elements.

[0032] In another aspect, this disclosure also relates to the use of connecting elements made of windings as disclosed herein for connecting first and second components to be joined in a machine, equipment or motor vehicle structure, in energy generation, or in microelectronic or micromechanical equipment.

[0033] Using the methods disclosed herein, very small connecting elements with diameters of only a few millimeters can be produced, for example, at most 10 mm or 5 mm or even smaller. Connecting elements manufactured according to the methods disclosed herein can be used for friction-enhancing connections between two parts to be joined, for example, in automotive electrification or applications in the electronics industry.

[0034] By having multiple extensions, each individual turn of the winding roll maintains a certain distance from the adjacent individual turns of the winding roll, ensuring a defined distance between individual connecting elements and uniform coating of the winding roll of the connecting elements.

[0035] Using the method disclosed herein, it is also possible to manufacture connecting elements with a diameter greater than 10 mm, such as connecting elements with a diameter of up to 20 mm or up to 30 mm or greater.

[0036] Furthermore, using the method disclosed herein, it is also possible to manufacture connecting elements having one or more extensions that are guided out of the plane of each connecting element and for pre-assembling the connecting element to one of two parts to be frictionally joined by the connecting element. The extensions guided out of the plane of the connecting element are located outside the first and second engagement surfaces of the connecting element, and they are shaped in a manner that exhibits elastic or spring-like characteristics, allowing the connecting element to be reversibly attached and thus pre-assembled to one of two parts to be frictionally joined by the connecting element. For these connecting elements having one or more extensions guided out of the plane of the connecting element for pre-assembly, the processing associated with the mounting process for individual connecting elements would be very labor-intensive, while the manufacturing method disclosed herein eliminates the need for mounting. These connecting elements with extensions guided out of the plane of the connecting element for pre-assembly typically have small to medium dimensions, with a diameter typically between 25 mm and 55 mm, and may also have diameters less than 25 mm or greater than 55 mm.

[0037] By using connecting elements manufactured according to the methods disclosed herein, the static friction coefficient of the friction connection is increased. Attached Figure Description

[0038] This disclosure will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which...

[0039] Figures 1A to 1G The continuous metal strip of this disclosure and the connecting element made of the metal strip are schematically shown.

[0040] Figures 2A to 2G The continuous metal strip of this disclosure and the connecting element made of the metal strip are schematically shown, and

[0041] Figures 3A to 3F Various views of the wound roll of this disclosure are schematically shown, the wound roll from Figures 1A to 1G The continuous metal strip is wound up, and

[0042] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of a connecting element made from the winding coil of this disclosure is shown schematically. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The individual connecting elements of the wound coil disclosed herein include a metal substrate having a first engagement surface on one side of the substrate and a second engagement surface on the opposite side of the substrate. Each engagement surface includes rigid particles fixed to the metal substrate by an adhesive layer.

[0044] The hard particles are preferably composed of materials that do not chemically react with the parts to be joined or with the environmental medium under specific operating conditions. This material is preferably an inorganic material.

[0045] Preferably, the hard particles are selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide, alumina, boron carbide, cubic boron nitride, and diamond. More preferably, diamond is used as the hard particle.

[0046] The size of the hard particles is selected in such a way that the damage to the surface caused by the particles being pressed into the mating surface does not reach an unacceptable level. Preferably, this is ensured if the particle size is no greater than about three times the peak-valley height of the mating surface, where the peaks and valleys are produced by machining the mating surface. An average particle size of 100 μm or less (d...) 50 This requirement is usually met. For example, an average particle size (d) of 10 μm, 25 μm, 35 μm, 55 μm, or 75 μm can be used. 50 Hard particles. In some embodiments, an average particle size (d) of 10 μm to 75 μm or 25 μm to 55 μm is used. 50 Hard particles. The average particle size can be measured by laser diffraction (Cilas, wet method).

[0047] The hard particles should have a narrow particle size range, wherein the dispersion around a given nominal diameter does not exceed about + / - 50%. In some embodiments, the dispersion around a given nominal diameter should not exceed about + / - 25%.

[0048] The number of hard particles per unit surface area of ​​the mating surface of the connecting element can be selected such that the normal force available for joining the parts together is sufficient to ensure that the particles are pressed into the surfaces of the parts to be joined. This is typically the case if the area percentage of the mating surface of the connecting element covered with hard particles is between 3% and 80%. The number of hard particles can be determined based on the average particle size (d...). 50 This allows you to select the percentage of the mating surface area of ​​the connecting element covered with hard particles. For example, for hard particles of 10 μm, the average particle size (d) can be used to select this percentage. 50 Approximately 8% to 20% of the mating surface of the connecting element may be covered with hard particles, for an average particle size of 25 μm (d). 50 This area percentage can be approximately 8% to 25% for an average particle size of 35 μm (d). 50 This area percentage can be approximately 10% to 30%, and for an average particle size of 55 μm (d 50 This area percentage can be approximately 20% to 60%.

[0049] The metallic substrate can be made of steel (e.g., non-alloy steel). High-alloy steel or stainless steel may also be used. Examples of non-alloy steel are grade C75S-1.1248 according to DIN EN 10132-4 or grade C60S-1.1211 according to DIN EN 10132-4.

[0050] Typically, the thickness of the metal substrate is from 0.01 mm to 1 mm. The thickness of the metal substrate is selected according to the application. In some embodiments, the thickness of the metal substrate is at most 1.0 mm. In other embodiments, the thickness is at most 0.5 mm. In some other embodiments, the thickness is at most 0.2 mm, and in some other embodiments, the thickness is at most 0.1 mm.

[0051] The adhesive layer can be a metal adhesive layer or a polymer adhesive layer.

[0052] The polymer material of the polymer adhesive layer may be selected from the group consisting of: epoxy materials, acrylic materials, polyester materials, polyurethane materials, formaldehyde resins, polyvinyl acetate (PVAC) materials, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) materials, alkyd resins, silicone materials, rubber materials, fluoropolymers, and combinations thereof.

[0053] Preferably, the adhesive layer is a metallic adhesive layer. The metallic adhesive layer may contain nickel.

[0054] The thickness of the adhesive layer can be 2 μm to 70 μm, or 5 μm to 50 μm, or 5 μm to 30 μm.

[0055] In some implementations, the thickness of the adhesive layer does not exceed the average particle size (d) of the hard particles. 50 ) 80%. In some other embodiments, the thickness of the adhesive layer does not exceed the average particle size (d) of the hard particles. 50 The thickness of the adhesive layer does not exceed 60% of the average particle size of the hard particles. In other embodiments, the thickness of the adhesive layer does not exceed the average particle size (d) of the hard particles. 50 The adhesive layer thickness can be at least 2 μm. Hard particles protrude from the adhesive layer. When the connecting element and the part to be joined are in frictional engagement, the hard particles are pressed into the surface of the part to be joined, thereby increasing the coefficient of friction of the connecting element.

[0056] The winding of the connecting elements disclosed herein comprises a continuous metal strip including (i) a support structure, (ii) a plurality of connecting elements, and (iii) a plurality of extensions guided out of the plane of the metal strip. In this winding, each connecting element is associated with at least one retaining arm, which integrally connects the connecting element to at least one of (a) the support structure and (b) one or more other connecting elements. In other words, the winding is a structure consisting of a plurality of connecting elements directly and integrally connected to each other or a common support structure via retaining arms. In the winding, there are a plurality of individual retaining arms, and each connecting element is associated with at least one retaining arm. Through the retaining arms, individual connecting elements are connected to the support structure or one or more other connecting elements.

[0057] The term "integrated connection" means that the winding roll is made from a single piece of metal strip, and the support structure, multiple connecting elements, and multiple extensions of the plane guided out of the metal strip are also made from a single piece, wherein the connecting elements are integrally connected (i.e., integrally connected) to the support structure or one or more other connecting elements via retaining arms.

[0058] At least one of the individual connecting elements is associated with at least one retaining arm, which integrally connects the connecting element to the support structure. This ensures the integrity of the winding roll. Typically, more than one individual connecting element is associated with at least one retaining arm, which integrally connects the connecting element to the support structure.

[0059] For example, each connecting element may be associated with a retaining arm that integrally connects the connecting element to the support structure. Individual connecting elements may also be associated with one or two or more additional retaining arms that integrally connect the connecting element to one or two or more other connecting elements. Alternatively, each individual connecting element may be associated with only one retaining arm that integrally connects the connecting element to the support structure.

[0060] It is also possible that some of the individual connecting elements are associated with a retaining arm that integrally connects the connecting element to the support structure, and also with one or more additional retaining arms that integrally connect the connecting element to one or more other connecting elements; some other individual connecting elements are associated with only one retaining arm that integrally connects the connecting element to the support structure; and still some individual connecting elements are associated with one or more retaining arms that integrally connect the connecting element to one or more other connecting elements.

[0061] In some implementations, the support structure may include multiple retaining arms or may consist of multiple retaining arms that integrally connect each individual connecting element to one or more other connecting elements.

[0062] The metal strip includes multiple extensions that are guided out of the plane of the metal strip.

[0063] The winding coil comprises multiple individual loops of metal strip. Each individual loop is adjacent to an adjacent individual loop and is maintained at a certain distance from the adjacent individual loop by an extension of the metal strip.

[0064] The metal strip of this disclosed winding has a first surface on one side of the metal strip and a second surface on the opposite side of the metal strip. Each individual retaining arm of the metal strip has a cross-section perpendicular to the first and second surfaces of the metal strip. The minimum cross-sectional area of ​​each individual retaining arm can be 0.005 mm². 2 and 10mm 2 Between, or within 0.2mm 2 and 2mm 2 Between. The so-called "minimum cross-sectional area" refers to the cross-sectional area of ​​a section measured along the length of a single retaining arm, and the minimum cross-sectional area is the cross-sectional area of ​​the section with the minimum cross-sectional area along the length of a single retaining arm.

[0065] Typically, the retaining arm has its smallest cross-sectional area at the midpoint between two connecting elements integrally joined by the retaining arm. Near the connecting elements, the retaining arm usually has a larger cross-sectional area than at the midpoint, because it forms a smooth transition from the retaining arm to the connecting element. This smooth transition is advantageous for the manufacture of the metal strip.

[0066] The minimum width of each individual retaining arm, measured on the first or second surface of the metal strip, may be between 0.1 mm and 10 mm, or between 0.2 mm and 5 mm, or between 0.3 mm and 3 mm. The term "minimum width" refers to the width of the individual retaining arm measured along the length of the individual retaining arm on the first or second surface of the metal strip, and the minimum width is the minimum width along the length of the individual retaining arm.

[0067] Typically, the retaining arm has its minimum width at the midpoint between two connecting elements integrally joined by the retaining arm. Near the connecting elements, the retaining arm usually has a wider width than at the midpoint, as this creates a smooth transition from the retaining arm to the connecting element. This smooth transition is advantageous for the manufacture of the metal strip.

[0068] The width of each individual retaining arm, measured on the first or second surface of the metal strip, can be selected according to the size of the connecting element. The metal strip can have individual retaining arms of the same width or different retaining arms of different widths.

[0069] The length of each individual retaining arm, measured on the first or second surface of the metal strip, can be selected according to the dimensions of the connecting element. The metal strip can have individual retaining arms of the same length or different retaining arms of varying lengths. The length of each individual retaining arm should not be too large so as not to unnecessarily increase the dimensions, i.e., the width or length of the metal strip. Typically, the length of an individual retaining arm is smaller than the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the individual connecting element associated with that individual retaining arm. The length of an individual retaining arm can, for example, be between 0.1 mm and 20 mm, or between 0.1 mm and 10 mm, or between 0.2 mm and 5 mm, or between 0.3 mm and 3 mm. In some embodiments, the length of some individual retaining arms can be the same as or larger than the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the individual connecting element associated with that individual retaining arm. The diameter of the circumscribed circle of the individual connecting element can, for example, be up to 10 mm, or up to 20 mm, or up to 30 mm, or greater.

[0070] Typically, the thickness of the wound metal strip disclosed herein is between 0.04 mm and 1.2 mm.

[0071] The thickness of the metal strip is selected based on the application of the connecting element. In some embodiments, the thickness of the metal strip is at most 1.2 mm. In other embodiments, the thickness is at most 0.5 mm. In some other embodiments, the thickness is at most 0.2 mm, and in some other embodiments, the thickness is at most 0.1 mm. The thickness of the metal strip can be from 0.04 mm to 1.2 mm, or from 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm, or from 0.04 mm to 0.5 mm, or from 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, or from 0.04 mm to 0.2 mm, or from 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm, or from 0.04 mm to 0.1 mm.

[0072] The thickness of the metal strip is measured in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the metal strip, and multiple extensions are not guided outside the plane of the metal strip. The thickness of the metal strip is generally constant over the entire metal strip; that is, the thickness of the metal strip is the same at every individual location on the metal strip.

[0073] Multiple extensions of the metal strip are guided out of the plane of the metal strip. These extensions are guided out of the plane of the metal strip in a direction forming an angle of at least 20°, at least 45°, at least 90°, or at least 135° with respect to the plane of the metal strip. Preferably, the multiple extensions may be guided out of the plane of the metal strip in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the metal strip (i.e., in a direction forming an angle of 90° with respect to the plane of the metal strip). These multiple extensions of the metal strip may extend from a first surface or a second surface of the metal strip.

[0074] Individual extensions of the plurality of extensions of the metal strip that are guided out of the plane of the metal strip may extend from a support structure or from a connecting element. For example, all individual extensions of the plurality of extensions may extend from a support structure. It is also possible that at least one individual extension extends from each of the individual connecting elements. It is also possible that some individual extensions of the individual extensions extend from a support structure, while other individual extensions of the individual extensions extend from one or more of the individual connecting elements.

[0075] Individual connecting elements of a wound metal strip can be flat elements, meaning that an individual connecting element does not have any extensions that are guided out of the plane of the connecting element. If all individual connecting elements of the metal strip are flat elements, then each of the multiple extensions of the metal strip extends from the support structure.

[0076] Individual connecting elements of the wound metal strip can also be 3D-shaped elements, meaning that each individual connecting element has multiple extensions, such as one, two, three, or more, that extend out of the plane of the connecting element. These extensions of the individual connecting elements can be used for pre-assembling the connecting element, i.e., for joining the connecting element to one of two parts to be frictionally joined by the connecting element. The extensions that extend out of the plane of the 3D-shaped connecting element are located outside the first and second engagement surfaces of the connecting element, and they are shaped in a way that exhibits elastic or spring-like properties, allowing the connecting element to be reversibly attached and thus pre-assembled to one of two parts to be frictionally joined by the connecting element. If one or more individual connecting elements of the metal strip are 3D-shaped elements, then the extensions of these connecting elements can serve as some of the multiple extensions of the metal strip. It is also possible that all the individual connecting elements of the metal strip are 3D-shaped elements. In this case, the extensions of the connecting elements can serve as extensions of the metal strip. Some additional extensions of the multiple extensions of the metal strip may extend from the support structure, but it is also possible that each individual extension of the multiple extensions of the metal strip extends from the connecting element (i.e., from the 3D-shaped connecting element).

[0077] If the support structure includes multiple retaining arms or consists of multiple retaining arms that integrally connect each individual connecting element to one or more other connecting elements, then multiple extensions of the metal strip that are guided out of the plane of the metal strip can extend from the individual connecting elements or from the individual retaining arms.

[0078] In the winding of the connecting element as disclosed herein, each individual turn of the winding is adjacent to the adjacent individual turn and is kept at a certain distance from the adjacent individual turn by an extension of the metal strip.

[0079] In the winding of the connecting element disclosed herein, each individual turn of the winding can maintain a constant distance from adjacent turns. Alternatively, the distance between adjacent turns may not be constant.

[0080] The distance between adjacent individual turns of a winding coil can be at least one times the thickness of the metal strip. The distance between adjacent individual turns of a winding coil can also be at least 5 times, or at least 10 times, or at least 50 times, or at least 100 times the thickness of the metal strip. The distance between adjacent individual turns of a winding coil is typically at most 200 times the thickness of the metal strip. The distance between adjacent individual turns of a winding coil should be understood as the distance between the planes of the metal strip in adjacent individual turns. The distance between adjacent individual turns of a winding coil depends on the length of the extension of the metal strip and the angle formed by the extension of the metal strip and the plane of the metal strip when the extension of an individual turn of the winding coil contacts an adjacent turn of the winding coil.

[0081] This document also discloses a method for manufacturing a wound coil of a connecting element as disclosed herein, the method comprising:

[0082] (a) A metal strip is provided having a first surface on one side of the metal strip and a second surface on the opposite side of the metal strip.

[0083] (b) Process the metal strip to form a metal strip comprising the following:

[0084] (i) Supporting structure,

[0085] (ii) Multiple metal substrates, each individual metal substrate being a metal substrate for connecting elements, and

[0086] (iii) Multiple extensions,

[0087] Each metal substrate is associated with at least one retaining arm.

[0088] The at least one retaining arm integrally connects the metal substrate to at least one of the following:

[0089] (A) The supporting structure, and

[0090] (B) One or more other metal substrates;

[0091] Furthermore, the plurality of extensions are disposed on at least one of two opposing surfaces of the metal strip, and each extension is guided out of the plane of the metal strip.

[0092] (c) Winding the metal strip into a wound coil, wherein the wound coil includes

[0093] The metal strip has multiple individual loops, each loop being adjacent to an adjacent loop and maintained at a certain distance from the adjacent loop by an extension of the metal strip.

[0094] (d) The hard particles are fixed to the first and second surfaces of the metal strip with an adhesive layer to form a winding of the connecting element.

[0095] The metal strip used for winding into spiral coils is typically a sheet of metal with a thickness of 0.01 mm to 1 mm. The metal strip can be made of steel, such as non-alloy steel. High-alloy steel or stainless steel may also be used. Examples of non-alloy steel are grade C75S-1.1248 according to DIN EN 10132-4 or grade C60S-1.1211 according to DIN EN 10132-4.

[0096] The metal strip has a first surface on one side of the metal strip and a second surface on the opposite side of the metal strip.

[0097] A metal strip is formed by processing it, comprising (i) a support structure, (ii) multiple metal substrates, and (iii) multiple extensions. Each individual metal substrate is a metal substrate used for connecting elements. Processing can be accomplished, for example, by punching or stamping or die-cutting, or by laser cutting, or by waterjet cutting, or by electrical discharge machining (EDM), and by subsequent bending. Multiple extensions guided out of the plane of the metal strip are typically formed by bending. Bending can be done manually, semi-manually, or in an automated process. A typical process for processing metal strips is a combination of stamping and bending processes.

[0098] In the formed metal strip, each metal substrate is associated with at least one retaining arm that integrally connects the metal substrate to at least one of (A) a support structure and (B) one or more other metal substrates.

[0099] At least one of the individual metal substrates is associated with at least one retaining arm, which integrally connects the metal substrate to the support structure. This ensures the integrity of the metal strip. Typically, more than one individual metal substrate is associated with at least one retaining arm, which integrally connects the metal substrate to the support structure.

[0100] For example, each metal substrate may be associated with a retaining arm that integrally connects the metal substrate to the support structure. Each metal substrate may also be associated with more than one retaining arm that integrally connects the metal substrate to the support structure and one or more other metal substrates. Each metal substrate may also be associated with one or more retaining arms that integrally connect the metal substrate to one or more other metal substrates.

[0101] It is also possible that some of the individual metal substrates are associated with a retaining arm that integrally connects the metal substrate to the support structure, and also with one or more additional retaining arms that integrally connect the metal substrate to one or more other metal substrates; while some other individual metal substrates are associated with only one retaining arm that integrally connects the metal substrate to the support structure; and still some individual metal substrates are associated with one or more retaining arms that integrally connect the metal substrate to one or more other metal substrates.

[0102] In some implementations, the support structure may include multiple retaining arms or may consist of multiple retaining arms that integrally connect each individual metal substrate to one or more other metal substrates.

[0103] Each individual retaining arm has a minimum width and minimum cross-sectional area as described in more detail above.

[0104] Multiple extensions of the metal strip are disposed on at least one of two opposing surfaces of the metal strip. Each extension is guided out of the plane of the metal strip.

[0105] The plurality of extensions are guided out of the plane of the metal strip in a direction forming an angle of at least 20°, at least 45°, at least 90°, or at least 135° with respect to the plane of the metal strip. Preferably, the plurality of extensions may be guided out of the plane of the metal strip in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the metal strip (i.e., in a direction forming an angle of 90° with respect to the plane of the metal strip). The plurality of extensions of the metal strip may extend from a first surface or a second surface of the metal strip.

[0106] Individual extensions of the plurality of extensions of the metal strip that are guided out of the plane of the metal strip may extend from a support structure or from a metal substrate. For example, all individual extensions of the plurality of extensions may extend from a support structure. It is also possible that at least one individual extension extends from each of the individual metal substrates. It is also possible that some of the individual extensions extend from a support structure, while other individual extensions extend from one or more of the individual metal substrates.

[0107] If the support structure includes multiple retaining arms or consists of multiple retaining arms that integrally connect each individual metal substrate to one or more other metal substrates, then multiple extensions of the metal strip that are guided out of the plane of the metal strip can extend from the individual metal substrates or from the individual retaining arms.

[0108] After the metal strip is processed, it is wound into a coil. The coil comprises multiple individual loops of the metal strip. Each individual loop is adjacent to an adjacent individual loop and is maintained at a certain distance from the adjacent individual loop through an extension of the metal strip.

[0109] The length of the metal strip in the spiral wound is not particularly limited and can be selected according to the requirements of the production process, such as the size of the plating bath used to fix hard particles to the first and second surfaces of the metal strip with an adhesive layer. The length of the metal strip can be, for example, 10m, 50m, or 100m. Typically, the metal strip is wound into a spiral wound on a suitable carrier.

[0110] After the metal strip is processed and wound, in another process step, rigid particles are fixed to a first and a second surface of the metal strip using an adhesive layer. By fixing the rigid particles to the first and a second surface of the metal strip with an adhesive layer, a connecting element is formed from each metal substrate. By fixing the rigid particles to the first and a second surface of the metal strip with an adhesive layer, a wound coil of the connecting element is formed.

[0111] The above describes the hard particles and binder layer in more detail.

[0112] If the adhesive layer is a polymer adhesive layer, the hard particles can be fixed to the first and second surfaces of the metal strip by cathode dip coating with the polymer adhesive layer.

[0113] If the adhesive layer is a metal adhesive layer, the hard particles can be fixed to the first and second surfaces of the metal strip by chemical plating or electroplating.

[0114] For example, an externally current-fed (=chemical) electroplating process (also known as electroplating) can be used, preferably a chemical nickel plating process using a chemical nickel plating bath with dispersed hard particles, to fix the hard particles to the first and second surfaces of a metal strip with a metal binder layer. This type of electroplating process is commonly used in coating techniques. The chemical nickel layer can be hardened using heat treatment at temperatures up to about 400°C, resulting in improved adhesion to the metal substrate and increased inherent hardness of the metal binder layer.

[0115] Advantageously, several individual windings can be placed adjacent to each other in the plating bath.

[0116] After the hard particles are fixed to the first and second surfaces of the metal strip with an adhesive layer, the wound metal strip typically has a thickness of 0.04 mm to 1.2 mm.

[0117] The method for manufacturing the winding coil for connecting elements disclosed herein may also include:

[0118] (e) Separate each connecting element from the support structure or from one or more other connecting elements to form multiple individual connecting elements.

[0119] After obtaining a winding of connecting elements by fixing hard particles to the first and second surfaces of a metal strip with an adhesive layer, individual connecting elements can be separated from the support structure or from one or more other connecting elements.

[0120] Separation of a separate connecting element from the support structure or from one or more other connecting elements can be accomplished at the retaining arm associated with the separate connecting element or at the connecting element itself. For example, a separate connecting element can be separated from the support structure or from one or more other connecting elements at a location on the end of the retaining arm that is integrally connected to the connecting element (i.e., at the transition zone from the retaining arm to the connecting element). It is also possible to separate a separate connecting element from the support structure or from one or more other connecting elements at the location of the connecting element, for example, at a location at most 1 mm inward from the outer contour of the connecting element.

[0121] Preferably, each connecting element is separated from the support structure or from one or more other connecting elements at the retaining arm.

[0122] Typically, each connecting element is separated from the support structure or from one or more other connecting elements at the retaining arm outside the transition zone from the retaining arm to the connecting element.

[0123] More preferably, each connecting element is separated from the support structure or from one or more other connecting elements at the retaining arm at a position with minimum width of the individual retaining arm.

[0124] Separation of individual connecting elements can be performed manually by breaking off the individual connecting elements at the retaining arm, or by an automated process (such as punching or stamping), or by laser cutting, or by waterjet cutting, or by electrical discharge machining (EDM).

[0125] Multiple individual connecting elements are obtained by separating each connecting element from the support structure or from one or more other connecting elements.

[0126] After a separate connecting element is separated from the support structure or from one or more other connecting elements, each individual connecting element typically includes at least one portion of a retaining arm extending from the connecting element. The at least one portion of the retaining arm extending from the connecting element extends in the plane of the connecting element. The at least one portion of the retaining arm extending from the connecting element is produced by manufacturing the connecting element by winding a connecting element, wherein the connecting element has been integrally coupled to the support structure or another connecting element via at least one retaining arm, and from each of these at least one retaining arm, a portion retains the connecting element.

[0127] Compared to the size of the connecting element, the portion of the retaining arm extending from the connecting element is typically relatively small. Generally, after separation, the length of the portion of the retaining arm extending from the connecting element is between 0.2% and 30% of the diameter of the connecting element's circumcircle, preferably between 0.2% and 10%.

[0128] If a single connecting element is associated only with a retaining arm that integrally connects the connecting element to a support structure or another connecting element, then after the single connecting element is separated from the support structure or from another connecting element, the single connecting element consists only of a portion of the retaining arm extending from the connecting element.

[0129] If a separate connecting element is associated with more than one retaining arm that integrally connects the connecting element to a support structure or one or more other connecting elements, then after the separate connecting element is separated from the support structure or one or more other connecting elements, the separate connecting element includes more than one portion of the retaining arm extending from the connecting element. This means that after the connecting element is separated from the support structure or one or more other connecting elements, a portion of each retaining arm associated with the separate connecting element in the winding coil will retain the connecting element.

[0130] After the connecting element is separated from the support structure or one or more other connecting elements, one or more portions of the retaining arm extending from the connecting element remain outside the first and second engagement surfaces of the connecting element.

[0131] After a separate connecting element is separated from the support structure or from one or more other connecting elements, each of the plurality of connecting elements includes at least one separation edge. The separation edge is located at the portion of the retaining arm extending from the connecting element. The separation edge is a result of the separate connection element from the support structure or from one or more other connecting elements. Each individual connecting element includes a region located at the separation edge from the metal substrate that does not include hard particles fixed to each mating surface of the metal substrate by an adhesive layer; that is, this region is not coated with hard particles fixed by the adhesive layer.

[0132] The area located at the separation edge and not coated with hard particles held in place by the adhesive layer includes the separation edge. The separation edge is perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the first and second mating surfaces of the connecting element. The area located at the separation edge and not coated with hard particles held in place by the adhesive layer may also include portions of the first or second surface of the connecting element very close to the separation edge, as these portions of the coating may have been peeled off by separating the connecting element from the support structure or from one or more other connecting elements. These portions of the area at the separation edge that are not coated with hard particles held in place by the adhesive layer and on the first or second surface of the connecting element are relatively small compared to the total surface area of ​​the first or second surface of the connecting element. Typically, the total surface area of ​​the area located at the separation edge and not coated with hard particles held in place by the adhesive layer is at most 10%, or at most 5%, or at most 3%, or at most 2%, or at most 1% of the total surface area of ​​the first or second surface of the connecting element. Since the total surface area of ​​the area at the separation edge that is not coated with hard particles fixed by the adhesive layer is relatively small, it is ensured that the friction-enhancing function of the connecting element is not adversely affected.

[0133] A connecting element made of a wound coil as disclosed herein can be used in a method for frictionally engaging a first component and a second component with the connecting element, the method comprising:

[0134] Connecting elements made of wound coils as disclosed herein are provided.

[0135] The hard particles of the first mating surface of the connecting element are pressed into the component mating surface of the first component, and

[0136] The hard particles on the second mating surface of the connecting element are pressed into the component mating surface of the second component.

[0137] This allows the first and second components to be frictionally connected to the connecting element.

[0138] Various embodiments of the connecting elements according to this disclosure are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0139] Figures 1A to 1G A first embodiment of the continuous metal strip 2 and the connecting element 4 made of the metal strip is schematically shown. Figure 1A A schematic top view of metal strip 2 is shown. Figure 1B A side view of one of the two transverse sides of the metal strip 2 is shown schematically. Figure 1C It shows Figure 1B Details. Figure 1D It shows Figure 1A Details. Figure 1E Schematic illustration of the work by Figures 1A to 1D Connecting element 4 is made of metal strip 2. Figure 1F It shows Figure 1E The view of the connecting element 4 together with its circumcircle 17. Figure 1G It shows Figure 1D Details. The metal strip 2 includes a support structure 3 and multiple connecting elements 4. The support structure 3 is located on two lateral sides of the metal strip 2 in the form of a grid and between the two lateral sides. The grid has paths parallel to the lateral sides and paths perpendicular to the lateral sides of the metal strip (see...). Figure 1A , Figure 1D ).exist Figure 1D In the image, to better visualize the metal structure of the metal strip 2 (shaded area), a cross-section of the metal strip, comprising nine connecting elements 4 and a support structure 3, is shown in the shaded area. The white area surrounded by the shaded area represents the air space. Each connecting element 4 is associated with a retaining arm 6, which integrally connects the connecting element to the support structure 3 (see image). Figure 1D Each connecting element 4 is a flat element. The metal strip 2 includes a plurality of extensions 5 guided out of the plane of the metal strip 2 in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the metal strip 2 (see...). Figure 1B , Figure 1C The extension 5 can be formed by cutting three sides of the rectangular shape 20 into metal strips and bending the rectangular shape downwards at the fourth side (see...). Figure 1C , Figure 1D ).exist Figures 1A to 1D In the example, the fourth side of the rectangular shape is located on the outer side of the lateral side facing the metal strip 2. The support structure 3 may also include a small hole 21, which can be used to feed the metal strip 2 on the device for processing the metal strip.

[0140] The metal strip 2 has a first surface 13 on one side of the metal strip 2 and a second surface 14 on the opposite side of the metal strip 2. Figure 1AA top view of the first surface 13 of the metal strip 2 is also shown. Multiple extensions 5 are disposed on the second surface 14 of the metal strip 2. The top view of the second surface 14 of the metal strip 2 is the same as the top view of the first surface of the metal strip, because the multiple extensions 5 are guided out of the plane of the metal strip 2 in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the metal strip 2. The thickness of the metal strip 2 is 0.16 mm. The thickness of the metal strip is measured perpendicular to the first surface 13 and the second surface 14 of the metal strip 2. The thickness can also be from 0.04 mm to 1.2 mm. The minimum width 16 of each retaining arm 6 measured on the first surface 13 or the second surface 14 of the metal strip 2 is 0.6 mm (see...). Figure 1G and Figure 1F (Details). The length 15 of each retaining arm 6, measured on the first surface 13 or the second surface 14 of the metal strip 2, is 0.5 mm (see details). Figure 1G , Figure 1F The outer diameter of the circumscribed circle 17 of the connecting element 4 can be 25mm.

[0141] Figure 4 schematically shown Figure 1A and Figure 1E A cross-sectional view of the connecting element 4. Each connecting element 4 includes a metal substrate 8 having a first engagement surface 9 on one side of the substrate and a second engagement surface 10 on the opposite side of the substrate, wherein each engagement surface 9, 10 includes hard particles 11 fixed to the metal substrate 8 by an adhesive layer 12, which may be a metal adhesive layer 12.

[0142] Figures 3A to 3F It shows how to roll up Figures 1A to 1G The metal strip 2 is used to make a winding coil. Figure 3A A 3D view of the wound roll is shown. Figure 3B It shows Figure 3A Details Figure 3C A top view of the wound roll is shown. Figure 3D It shows Figure 3C Details Figure 3E A side view of the wound roll is shown, and Figure 3F It shows Figure 3E Details. For manufacturing Figures 3A to 3F The winding coil, such as Figures 1A to 1GThe metal strip 2 shown is processed from a continuous metal strip with a thickness of 0.1 mm or 0.01 mm to 1 mm. The processing of the metal strip can be accomplished, for example, by punching or stamping or die-cutting, or by laser cutting, or by waterjet cutting, or by electrical discharge machining (EDM), followed by bending. Multiple extensions guided out of the plane of the metal strip are typically formed by bending. Bending can be done manually, semi-manually, or in an automated process. A typical process used to process metal strips is a combination of stamping and bending processes.

[0143] The processed metal strip 2 includes a support structure 3, multiple metal substrates 8, and multiple extensions 5. Each individual metal substrate is a metal substrate for connecting element 4. The multiple extensions are guided out of the plane of the metal strip 2 in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the metal strip 2. Each metal substrate 8 is associated with a retaining arm 6 that integrally connects the metal substrate 8 to the support structure 3. Figure 1D The metal strip 2 has a first surface 13 on one side of the metal strip and a second surface 14 on the opposite side of the metal strip 2. A plurality of extensions 5 are provided on the second surface 14 of the metal strip 2. Figure 1C After processing, metal strip 2 is wound into a spiral coil 1 (see...). Figures 3A to 3F ; Figure 3F It shows Figure 1D (Details after it has been wound into a coil). For example... Figure 3A , Figure 3C and Figure 3E As shown, the metal strip 2 can be wound onto a suitable carrier 22, which includes a central element on which the metal strip is wound and two symmetrical cover plates. One of the two cover plates of the carrier 22 is omitted in the figure to better illustrate the winding coil. The winding coil comprises multiple individual turns 7 of the metal strip. Figure 3B , Figure 3D Each individual loop 7 is adjacent to the next individual loop, and is maintained at a certain distance from the adjacent individual loop by the extension 5 of the metal strip 2. Figure 3D As a next step, the hard particles 11 are fixed to the first surface 13 and the second surface 14 of the metal strip 2 using a metal adhesive layer 12 to form a winding 1 of the connecting element 4. The hard particles 11 may be, for example, diamond particles, and may be fixed to the first surface 13 and the second surface 14 of the metal strip 2 by a chemical plating process using a metal adhesive layer 12. Figures 3A to 3F The diagram shows the winding roll 1 after the step of fixing the rigid particles 11 to the first surface 13 and the second surface 14 of the metal strip 2 with the metal adhesive layer 12, and... Figures 3A to 3FAlso shown is a winding roll prior to fixing the hard particles to the first and second surfaces of the metal strip with a metal adhesive layer 12, namely a winding roll including a support structure 3, a plurality of metal substrates 8 and a plurality of extensions 5 guided out of the plane of the metal strip, wherein each individual metal substrate 8 is a metal substrate for connecting element 4. Figures 1A to 1D and Figure 1G The metal strip 2 is shown after the step of fixing the hard particles 11 to the first surface 13 and the second surface 14 of the metal strip 2 with the metal adhesive layer 12, and Figures 1A to 1D and Figure 1G Also shown is a metal strip prior to the fixing of hard particles to the first and second surfaces of the metal strip with a metal adhesive layer 12, namely a metal strip including a support structure 3, a plurality of metal substrates 8 and a plurality of extensions 5 guided out of the plane of the metal strip, wherein each individual metal substrate 8 is a metal substrate for connecting element 4.

[0144] In another method step, the connecting element 4 is separated from the support structure 3 at the holding arm 6 at a position having a minimum width 16, to form multiple individual connecting elements 4. Figure 1G , Figure 1D This separation can be performed manually by breaking off individual connecting elements at the retaining arm, or by an automated process (such as punching or stamping), or by laser cutting, or by waterjet cutting, or by electrical discharge machining (EDM).

[0145] exist Figure 1E The diagram shows a top view of one of the three connecting elements 4 after separation from the support structure 3. Connecting element 4 includes a portion of the first retaining arm of the retaining arm 6 extending from the connecting element 4. Connecting element 4 includes a separation edge 18. Separation edge 18 is located at the portion of the retaining arm 6 extending from the connecting element 4. Separation edge 18 is the result of the separation of connecting element 4 from the support structure 3. The separated connecting element 4 includes a region located at the separation edge 18 from the metal substrate 8, excluding the hard particles 11 fixed to each mating surface 9, 10 of the metal substrate 8 by the metal adhesive layer 12; that is, this region is not coated with the hard particles 11 fixed by the metal adhesive layer 12. The region located at the separation edge 18 and not coated with the hard particles 11 fixed by the adhesive layer 12 includes the separation edge 18. Separation edge 18 is perpendicular to or substantially perpendicular to the first mating surface 9 and the second mating surface 10 of the connecting element 4 (e.g., ...). Figure 1E A top view of connecting element 4 is shown. Figure 1EAlso shown is a top view of the first mating surface 9 of the connecting element 4, which is the same as the top view of the second mating surface 10 of the connecting element 4. The area located at the separation edge 18 and not coated with hard particles held in place by the metal adhesive layer may also include portions of the first surface 9 or the second surface 10 of the connecting element 4, because these portions of the coating including the hard particles and the metal adhesive layer may have been peeled off by separating the connecting element 4 from the support structure 3. The areas at the separation edge that are not coated with hard particles held in place by the metal adhesive layer and these portions on the first or second surface of the connecting element are not... Figure 1E As shown, the area at the separation edge, where no hard particles fixed by the metal adhesive layer are coated, is relatively small compared to the total surface area of ​​the first or second surface of the connecting element. Because the total surface area of ​​the area at the separation edge is relatively small, the friction-enhancing function of the connecting element is ensured not to be adversely affected.

[0146] Connecting element 4 may also include hole 19 ( Figure 1E These holes are used to insert bolts or screws to mechanically engage the connecting element 4 with two parts to be frictionally joined. One of the two parts contacts the first surface 9 of the connecting element 4, while the other part contacts the second surface 10 of the connecting element 4.

[0147] Figures 2A to 2G A second embodiment of the continuous metal strip 2 and the connecting element 4 made of the metal strip is schematically shown. Figure 2A A schematic top view of metal strip 2 is shown. Figure 2B A side view of one of the two transverse sides of the metal strip 2 is shown schematically. Figure 2C It shows Figure 2B Details. Figure 2D It shows Figure 2A Details. Figure 2E Schematic illustration of the work by Figures 2A to 2D Connecting element 4 is made of metal strip 2. Figure 2F It shows Figure 2E The view of the connecting element 4 together with its circumcircle 17. Figure 2G It shows Figure 2D Details. The metal strip 2 includes a support structure 3 and multiple connecting elements 4. The support structure 3 is located on and between the two transverse sides of the metal strip 2 in the form of multiple parallel paths, these parallel paths being perpendicular to the transverse sides of the metal strip and bridging the two transverse sides of the metal strip (see...). Figure 2A , Figure 2D ).exist Figure 1DIn the diagram, to better visualize the metal structure of the metal strip 2 (shaded area), a cross-section of the metal strip, comprising nine connecting elements 4 and a support structure 3, is shown within the shaded area. The white area surrounded by the shaded area represents the air space. Each connecting element 4 is associated with two retaining arms 6, which integrally connect the connecting element to the support structure 3 or an adjacent connecting element (see diagram). Figure 2D There are three connecting elements in a row perpendicular to the lateral side of the metal strip. Two connecting elements in each row adjacent to one of the lateral sides of the metal strip are integrally connected to the support structure 3 at the lateral side of the metal strip using one of the retaining arms, and they are integrally connected to the adjacent connecting element in the middle of each row using the other retaining arm. Each connecting element 4 is a flat element. The metal strip 2 includes a plurality of extensions 5 guided out of the plane of the metal strip 2 in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the metal strip 2 (see...). Figure 2B , Figure 2C The extension 5 can be formed by cutting three sides of the rectangular shape 20 into metal strips and bending the rectangular shape downwards at the fourth side (see...). Figure 2C , Figure 2D ).exist Figures 2A to 2D In the example, the fourth side of the rectangular shape is located on the outer side of the lateral side facing the metal strip 2. The support structure 3 may also include a small hole 21, which can be used to feed the metal strip 2 on the device for processing the metal strip.

[0148] The metal strip 2 has a first surface 13 on one side of the metal strip 2 and a second surface 14 on the opposite side of the metal strip 2. Figure 2A A top view of the first surface 13 of the metal strip 2 is also shown. Multiple extensions 5 are disposed on the second surface 14 of the metal strip 2. The top view of the second surface 14 of the metal strip 2 is the same as the top view of the first surface of the metal strip, because the multiple extensions 5 are guided out of the plane of the metal strip 2 in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the metal strip 2. The thickness of the metal strip 2 is 0.16 mm. The thickness of the metal strip is measured perpendicular to the first surface 13 and the second surface 14 of the metal strip 2. The thickness can also be from 0.04 mm to 1.2 mm. The minimum width 16 of each retaining arm 6 measured on the first surface 13 or the second surface 14 of the metal strip 2 is 0.6 mm (see...). Figure 2G and Figure 2F (Details). The length 15 of each retaining arm 6, measured on the first surface 13 or the second surface 14 of the metal strip 2, is 0.5 mm (see details). Figure 2G , Figure 2F The outer diameter of the circumscribed circle 17 of the connecting element 4 can be 25mm.

[0149] Figure 4 The cross-sectional view of the connecting element 4 shown in the figure indicates Figures 2A to 2GA cross-sectional view of the connecting element 4. Each connecting element 4 includes a metal substrate 8 having a first engagement surface 9 on one side of the substrate and a second engagement surface 10 on the opposite side of the substrate, wherein each engagement surface 9, 10 includes hard particles 11 fixed to the metal substrate 8 by an adhesive layer 12, which may be a metal adhesive layer 12.

[0150] from Figures 2A to 2G Metal strip 2, as mentioned above, is for... Figures 1A to 1G The metal strip 2 is formed into a wound coil as explained above. The metal strip 2 is obtained by processing a metal strip with a thickness of 0.1 mm or 0.01 mm to 1 mm. After the metal strip is wound into a wound coil, hard particles are fixed to the first surface 13 and the second surface 14 of the metal strip 2 using a metal adhesive layer 12, as described above. Figures 3A to 3F The winding coil described herein forms the winding coil 1 for connecting element 4. Figures 2A to 2D and Figure 2G The metal strip 2 is shown after the step of fixing the hard particles 11 to the first surface 13 and the second surface 14 of the metal strip 2 with the metal adhesive layer 12, and before fixing the hard particles to the first surface and the second surface of the metal strip with the metal adhesive layer 12. That is, the metal strip includes the support structure 3, a plurality of metal substrates 8 and a plurality of extensions 5 guided out of the plane of the metal strip, each individual metal substrate 8 being a metal substrate for connecting element 4.

[0151] In another method step, such as Figure 2G As shown, at each of the two retaining arms 6 of the connecting element 4, the connecting element 4 is separated from the support structure 3 at a position with a minimum width 16 on the individual retaining arm 6 to form multiple individual connecting elements 4. For example, separation can be achieved by punching or stamping.

[0152] exist Figure 2EThe figure shows a top view of one of the three connecting elements 4 after separation from the support structure 3. As can be seen from the figure, the connecting element 4 includes two portions of the retaining arm 6 extending from the connecting element 4. The connecting element 4 includes two separation edges 18, each located at one of the two portions of the retaining arm 6 extending from the connecting element 4. The separation edges 18 are the result of the separation of the connecting element 4 from the support structure 3. At each of the two separation edges 18, the separated connecting element 4 includes a region having a metal substrate 8 that does not include hard particles 11 fixed to each mating surface 9, 10 of the metal substrate 8 by a metal adhesive layer 12; that is, these regions are not coated with the hard particles 11 fixed by the metal adhesive layer 12. The region located at the separation edge 18 and not coated with the hard particles 11 fixed by the adhesive layer 12 includes the separation edge 18. The separation edge 18 is perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the first mating surface 9 and the second mating surface 10 of the connecting element 4 (e.g., Figure 2E A top view of connecting element 4 is shown. Figure 2E Also shown is a top view of the first mating surface 9 of the connecting element 4, which is the same as the top view of the second mating surface 10 of the connecting element 4. The area located at the separation edge 18 and not coated with hard particles fixed by the metal adhesive layer may also include portions of the first surface 9 or the second surface 10 of the connecting element 4, because the coating of these portions, including the hard particles and the metal adhesive layer, may have been peeled off by separating the connecting element 4 from the support structure 3. The areas at the separation edge that are not coated with hard particles fixed by the metal adhesive layer and these portions on the first or second surface of the connecting element are not... Figure 2E As shown, the area at the separation edge, where no hard particles fixed by the metal adhesive layer are coated, is relatively small compared to the total surface area of ​​the first or second surface of the connecting element. Because the total surface area of ​​the area at the separation edge is relatively small, the friction-enhancing function of the connecting element is ensured not to be adversely affected.

[0153] The connecting element 4 may also include holes 19 for inserting bolts or screws to mechanically engage the connecting element 4 with two parts to be frictionally engaged. One of the two parts contacts a first surface 9 of the connecting element 4, while the other part contacts a second surface 10 of the connecting element 4.

[0154] Connecting elements made from the wound coils disclosed herein can be used to connect first and second components to be joined in machine, equipment, or motor vehicle structures, in energy generation, or in microelectronic or micromechanical devices. Connecting elements made from the wound coils disclosed herein can be used for friction-increasing connections of first and second components to be joined in machine, equipment, or motor vehicle structures, in energy generation, or in microelectronic or micromechanical devices. Connecting elements made from the wound coils disclosed herein can be used for friction-increasing, backlash-free, and / or reversible connections of first and second components to be joined in machine, equipment, or motor vehicle structures, in energy generation, or in microelectronic or micromechanical devices.

[0155] In principle, the connecting elements disclosed herein can be used for any type of friction connection throughout the field of mechanical engineering.

[0156] For example, the connecting elements disclosed herein can be used for frictional connections (such as bolted or clamped connections) between parts or components of a vehicle, or for use in microelectronic or micromechanical equipment.

Claims

1. A winding coil of a connecting element, the winding coil comprising a continuous metal strip, the continuous metal strip comprising: (i) Supporting structure, (ii) Multiple connecting elements, and (iii) Multiple extensions of the plane of the metal strip being guided out; Each connecting element is associated with at least one retaining arm, which integrally connects the connecting element to at least one of the following: (a) the supporting structure, and (b) One or more other connecting elements. Furthermore, the winding coil comprises a plurality of individual loops of the metal strip, wherein each individual loop is adjacent to an adjacent individual loop and is maintained at a certain distance from the adjacent individual loops by the extension of the metal strip. Each connecting element includes a metal substrate having a first engagement surface on one side of the substrate and a second engagement surface on the opposite side of the substrate, wherein each engagement surface includes hard particles fixed to the metal substrate by an adhesive layer.

2. The winding coil of claim 1, wherein the metal strip has a first surface on one side of the metal strip and a second surface on the opposite side of the metal strip, and wherein each individual retaining arm has a cross-section perpendicular to the first and second surfaces of the metal strip, and wherein the minimum cross-sectional area of ​​each individual retaining arm is 0.005 mm². 2 and 10mm 2 between.

3. The winding coil of claim 1, wherein the metal strip has a first surface on one side of the metal strip and a second surface on the opposite side of the metal strip, and wherein the minimum width of each individual retaining arm measured on the first surface or the second surface of the metal strip is between 0.1 mm and 10 mm.

4. The winding coil according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the metal strip is from 0.04 mm to 1.2 mm.

5. The winding coil according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of extensions are guided out of the plane of the metal strip in a direction forming an angle of at least 20°, or at least 45°, or at least 90°, or at least 135° with the plane of the metal strip.

6. The winding coil according to claim 5, wherein the plurality of extensions are guided out of the plane of the metal strip in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the metal strip.

7. The winding roll of claim 1, wherein each individual turn of the winding roll maintains a constant distance from the adjacent turn.

8. The winding coil of claim 7, wherein the distance between adjacent individual turns of the winding coil is at least twice the thickness of the metal strip.

9. The winding coil according to claim 1, wherein the hard particles are selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide, alumina, boron carbide, cubic boron nitride, and diamond.

10. A method for manufacturing a winding of a connecting element according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the method comprising: (a) A metal strip is provided having a first surface on one side of the metal strip and a second surface on the opposite side of the metal strip. (b) Processing the metal strip to form a metal strip comprising the following: (i) Supporting structure, (ii) Multiple metal substrates, each individual metal substrate being a metal substrate for connecting elements, and (iii) Multiple extensions, Each metal substrate is associated with at least one retaining arm, which integrally connects the metal substrate to at least one of the following: (A) the supporting structure, and (B) One or more other metal substrates; Furthermore, the plurality of extensions are disposed on at least one of the two opposing surfaces of the metal strip, and each extension is guided out of the plane of the metal strip. (c) Winding the metal strip into a wound coil, wherein the wound coil comprises The metal strip has multiple individual loops, each loop being adjacent to an adjacent loop and maintained at a distance from the adjacent loops by the extension of the metal strip. (d) The hard particles are fixed to the first and second surfaces of the metal strip with an adhesive layer to form a wound coil of the connecting element.

11. The method according to claim 10, further comprising: (e) Separate each connecting element from the support structure or from one or more other connecting elements to form multiple individual connecting elements.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein each connecting element is separated from the support structure or from one or more connecting elements at the retaining arm.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein each connecting element is separated from the support structure or from one or more connecting elements at a position with minimum width of the individual retaining arm.

14. The method of claim 12 or 13, wherein each individual connecting element of the plurality of connecting elements includes at least one portion of a retaining arm extending from the connecting element.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein each individual connecting element of the plurality of connecting elements includes at least one separation edge, wherein the separation edge is located at the portion of the retaining arm extending from the connecting element, and wherein the connecting element includes a region located at the separation edge, wherein the metal substrate does not include hard particles fixed to each mating surface of the metal substrate by an adhesive layer.

16. Use of a connecting element made of a winding according to any one of claims 1 to 9 for connecting a first and a second component to be joined in a machine, equipment or motor vehicle structure, in energy generation, or in microelectronic or micromechanical equipment.

Images