A grafting method for fast crown and fruiting of macadamia nut heterologous pollination varieties

Abstract

The invention discloses a grafting method for fast crown and fruiting of macadamia nut heterologous pollination varieties, comprising: stock selection, trunk cutting, scion selection and processing, grafting and tree shape management, etc. According to the invention, different types of branches are selected for grafting, and the main branches with vigorous growth are mainly for nutrient growth after grafting, so that the crown can be quickly expanded, and a basis for the nutrient demand of the tree body in the later stage is provided; multiple scions are grafted on tertiary branches and side branches at the same time, so that the process of layer-by-layer weakening of branches from nutrient branches to fruiting branches is shortened, and the branches can be matured and weakened in the current year after high grafting, and can bloom and bear fruit in the second year, so that fruiting is achieved one year earlier; multiple scions are grafted in different spaces and orientations, so that the fruiting branch groups of the crown can be quickly enriched, and high yield is guaranteed while achieving early fruiting; and suitable pollination tree varieties are configured in the scions, so that the main scion variety and the pollination variety can be guaranteed to grow at the same time and be grafted on the same tree, thereby greatly improving the yield of macadamia nut.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree grafting, and in particular to a grafting method for configuring a macadamia nut heterologous pollination variety to quickly form a crown and bear fruit. Background Art

[0002] my country is the country with the largest macadamia nut planting area in the world. As of 2021, the national planting area is 4.592 million mu and the harvested area is 1.592 million mu, accounting for 62.05% of the global planting area, making it the world's largest planting country. Although my country's macadamia nut industry has developed rapidly, its macadamia nut production is only 138,400 tons. According to statistics from the South Asia Office of the Ministry of Agriculture, the average yield of macadamia nuts in my country is currently 1072.8 kg / hm2. 2 , much lower than Australia's 3000 kg / hm 2 . Through investigation and research, it was found that my country began to plant macadamia nuts on a large scale in the 1990s. However, due to the lack of awareness of improved varieties, many nut varieties planted 10 years ago were some obsolete varieties such as 344 and 788, or unknown macadamia varieties. There were also many orchards that did not select varieties based on the climate characteristics of the region when planting. According to statistics, more than 30% of orchards in Yunnan have phenomena such as unsuitable planting areas for varieties, low fruit commodity rates, and trees that only bloom but do not bear fruit. In addition, macadamia nuts have partial self-incompatibility and pollen xenosis. In production, poor pollination and fertilization for many main varieties are recognized as one of the important reasons for their low fruit set rate and low yield. In summary, unreasonable variety selection and poor pollination are the main factors limiting the high yield of macadamia nuts.

[0003] For areas where the variety selection is unreasonable, it is often necessary to replace the variety to achieve the purpose of improving quality and increasing efficiency. However, it takes a long time to rebuild the entire orchard of tree species. It takes 5 years for macadamia nuts to enter the fruiting period after they are newly planted. In order to achieve rapid production, high-head grafting is generally used in production to replace varieties. The commonly used high-head grafting method is mainly grafting on the main trunk and main branches. There are few grafted scions, and the scions are mainly used to cultivate backbone branches. It takes 2 years for the backbone branches to grow fruiting branches, and it takes 1 year for the fruiting branches to bloom and bear fruit. It takes at least 3 years for the orchard with high-head grafting to enter the flowering and fruiting period. The long waiting period leads to low efficiency.

[0004] For self-incompatible fruit trees, the production usually increases the fruit setting rate by configuring pollination varieties.

[0005] High yield. Since the self-pollination fruiting rate of nuts is low, pollination trees are needed to achieve high yield. However, the existing high-head grafting technology only grafts one nut variety on each tree, which is not conducive to later cross-pollination and fruiting; the new grafting of the whole pollination tree is not conducive to the full utilization of space; the newly planted pollination trees will cause the growth period of the grafted variety to be inconsistent with the pollination variety. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of this section is to summarize some aspects of the embodiments of the present invention and briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section and the specification abstract and the invention title of this application to avoid blurring the purpose of this section, the specification abstract and the invention title, and such simplifications or omissions cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0007] Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for grafting macadamia nut heterologous pollination varieties with rapid crown formation and fruiting. Through a multi-level and multi-scion grafting method, the crown can be quickly expanded, and the flowering and fruiting period can be achieved in the second year after the grafting, thereby shortening the waiting period for high-head grafting and improving economic benefits. In addition, when grafting, scions of pollination varieties with similar flowering periods are configured in the scions, and the growth periods of the two varieties of scions are consistent, so that fruiting varieties and pollination varieties can be found in the same tree at the same time, shortening the distance between heterologous varieties, increasing the pollination success rate, and also increasing the space utilization rate.

[0008] To solve the above technical problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] A method for grafting a cross-pollination variety of macadamia nuts to quickly form crowns and produce fruits, comprising:

[0010] Rootstock selection: Select mature macadamia trees for top grafting from October to March of the following year, select 1-2 main branches as Class A branches, select 3-5 tertiary branches at different positions and heights as Class B branches, and select 8-15 side branches at different positions and heights as Class C branches;

[0011] Trunk cutting: Cut off the selected A-type branches at 80-120cm from the ground, cut off the B-type branches at 30-40cm, and cut off the C-type branches at 15-30cm. Leave 1-2 B-type branches as nutrient supply for the tree, and remove all other branches that do not need to be grafted.

[0012] Scion selection and treatment: Select scions of local macadamia varieties with good suitability and high yield as the main scions. Select macadamia varieties with the same flowering period and good adaptability as pollination scions according to the grafting varieties. Select mature and healthy scions for A, B, and C branches respectively;

[0013] Grafting: Select one B-type branch in the middle of the tree for grafting pollination scion, select one C-type branch at two opposite positions of the tree for grafting pollination scion, and graft the main scion on other branches. Each A-type branch is grafted with 2-3 scions, and the grafting direction avoids the direction of other main branches. The grafting method is cut grafting. Each B-type branch is grafted with 1-2 scions, and the grafting direction is close to the outside of the tree. The grafting method is cut grafting. Each C-type branch is grafted with one scion, and the grafting direction is the growth direction of the original branch. The grafting method is the open grafting method.

[0014] Tree shape management: After grafting, promptly remove the buds on the rootstock. When the scion grows to more than 10 cm, remove excess branches. Select a good position for each interface to retain 2-3 branches. When 50% of the scion has 5-6 mature leaves, remove the Class B branches used for nutrient supply on the original tree.

[0015] As a preferred scheme of the grafting method for configuring a macadamia nut heterologous pollination variety to quickly form crowns and bear fruits as described in the present invention, the diameter of the Class A branches is 6-15 cm, the diameter of the Class B branches is 4-6 cm, and the diameter of the Class C branches is 2-4 cm.

[0016] As a preferred solution of the grafting method for the rapid crown and fruiting configuration of a macadamia nut heterologous pollination variety described in the present invention, in the stem cutting step, attention is paid to the height matching and spatial distribution of different branch breaks to avoid more than two breaks at the same position.

[0017] As a preferred scheme of the grafting method for configuring a macadamia nut heterologous pollination variety for rapid crown formation and fruiting described in the present invention, the macadamia nut varieties with good suitability and high yield include A4 macadamia nut, OC macadamia nut, and Guire No. 1 macadamia nut.

[0018] As a preferred solution of the grafting method for configuring a macadamia nut heterologous pollination variety to quickly form crowns and bear fruits described in the present invention, it also includes conventional water, fertilizer, disease and pest management after grafting.

[0019] As a preferred scheme of the grafting method for the rapid crown and fruiting configuration of a macadamia nut heterologous pollination variety described in the present invention, the thickness of the old and healthy scion of the Class A branch is 1.0-1.2 cm, the thickness of the old and healthy scion of the Class B branch is 0.6-1.0 cm, and the thickness of the old and healthy scion of the Class C branch is 0.3-0.6 cm.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: by selecting different types of branches for grafting, the vigorously growing main branches are mainly for nutritional growth after grafting, which can quickly expand the crown and provide a basis for the tree's later nutrient needs; multiple scion grafting is performed on the tertiary branches and side branches at the same time, shortening the process of layer-by-layer weakening of the branches from nutritional branches to fruiting branches. After high grafting, the branches in the current year can mature and weaken, and can bloom and bear fruit in the second year, achieving fruiting one year earlier; using multiple scion grafting in different spaces and orientations can quickly enrich the fruiting branch groups of the crown, achieving early fruiting while ensuring high yields.

[0021] By configuring suitable pollination tree varieties in the scion, it is possible to ensure that the main scion variety and the pollination variety grow at the same time and are grafted onto the same tree. This not only makes full use of the space, but also shortens the distance between the two varieties, effectively improving the efficiency of pollination, thereby greatly increasing the yield of macadamia nuts. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below in combination with the accompanying drawings and detailed embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor. Among them:

[0023] Figure 1 A flow chart of a grafting method for rapidly forming crowns and fruits for a macadamia nut heterologous pollination variety of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing a comparison between macadamia nuts obtained by adopting a rapid crown-bearing and fruit-bearing grafting method for a macadamia nut heterologous pollination variety of the present invention and macadamia nuts obtained by a traditional method;

[0025] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing a comparison of the fruit setting rate of macadamia nuts obtained by adopting a rapid crown-bearing and fruiting grafting method for a macadamia nut heterologous pollination variety of the present invention and that of macadamia nuts obtained by a traditional method;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the specific application of a grafting method for rapid crown formation and fruiting of a macadamia nut heterologous pollination variety of the present invention in macadamia nuts. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] Secondly, the present invention is described in detail with reference to schematic diagrams. When describing the embodiments of the present invention in detail, for the sake of convenience, the cross-sectional diagrams showing the device structure will not be partially enlarged according to the general scale, and the schematic diagrams are only examples, which should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, in actual production, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width and depth should be included.

[0029] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] The invention provides a grafting method for configuring fast crown and fruiting of macadamia nut heterologous pollination varieties. The method uses a multi-level and multi-scion grafting method to quickly expand the tree crown, achieve flowering and fruiting in the second year after grafting, shorten the waiting period for high-head grafting, and improve economic benefits. During grafting, scions of pollination varieties with similar flowering periods are configured in the scions, and the growth periods of the two varieties of scions are consistent, so that the same tree can have both fruiting varieties and pollination varieties, shorten the distance between heterologous varieties, increase the pollination success rate, and also increase space utilization.

[0031] Figure 1 The flowchart of one embodiment of the present invention is a method for rapidly crowning and fruiting a cross-pollination variety of macadamia nuts. Figure 1 and Figure 4 The specific steps of the grafting method for a macadamia nut heterologous pollination variety configuration to quickly form a crown and bear fruit in this embodiment are as follows:

[0032] Rootstock selection: Select mature macadamia trees for top grafting from October to March of the following year. Select the main branches (secondary branches) with a diameter of 6-15cm as Class A branches, select 3-5 third-level branches with a diameter of 4-6cm at different locations and heights as Class B branches, and select 8-15 side branches with a diameter of 2-4cm at different locations and heights as Class C branches;

[0033] Trunk cutting: Cut off the selected A-type branches at 80-120cm from the ground, cut off the B-type branches at 30-40cm, and cut off the C-type branches at 15-30cm. Pay attention to the height and spatial distribution of the cuts of different branches to avoid more than two cuts at the same position. Keep 1-2 B-type branches as nutrient supply for the tree, and remove all other branches that do not need to be grafted.

[0034] Scion selection and processing: Select scions of local macadamia varieties with good suitability and high yield, such as A4, OC, Guire No. 1, etc. as the main planting scions. According to the grafting varieties, select macadamia varieties with consistent flowering period and good adaptability as pollination scions. Select mature and healthy scions with a thickness of 1.0-1.2cm, 0.6-1.0cm, and 0.3-0.6cm for A, B, and C branches, respectively.

[0035] Grafting: Select one B-type branch in the middle of the tree for grafting pollination scion, select one C-type branch at two opposite positions of the tree for grafting pollination scion, and graft the main scion on other branches. Each A-type branch is grafted with 2-3 scions, and the grafting direction avoids the direction of other main branches. The grafting method is cut grafting. Each B-type branch is grafted with 1-2 scions, and the grafting direction is close to the outside of the tree. The grafting method is cut grafting. Each C-type branch is grafted with one scion, and the grafting direction is the growth direction of the original branch. The grafting method is the open grafting method.

[0036] Tree shape management: After grafting, promptly remove the buds on the rootstock. When the scion grows to more than 10 cm, remove excess branches. Select a good position for each interface to retain 2-3 branches. When 50% of the scion has 5-6 mature leaves, remove the Class B branches used for nutrient supply of the original tree, and carry out routine water, fertilizer, disease and pest management after grafting.

[0037] The above technical solution is described in detail below with a specific embodiment.

[0038] 1. Implementation of orchards

[0039] The experimental orchard is located in Daxueshan Township, Yongde County, Lincang City, Yunnan Province. Macadamia nuts were planted between 2004 and 2006. The varieties planted include 344, 788, H9, OC, A4, Guire No. 1, etc. Due to the selection of varieties, the overall yield of macadamia nuts in the orchard is low, many varieties do not bear fruit, and the average yield per plant is less than 5kg. In order to improve the orchard, it is necessary to replace the fruit-bearing varieties through high-head grafting.

[0040] 2. Implementation Plan

[0041] (1) Rootstock selection: In December 2019, mature macadamia trees were selected for top grafting. Two main branches (secondary branches) with a diameter of 6-15 cm were selected as Class A branches; five tertiary branches with a diameter of 4-6 cm were selected at different locations and heights as Class B branches; and 12 side branches with a diameter of 2-4 cm were selected at different locations and heights as Class C branches.

[0042] (2) Trunk cutting: Cut off the selected Class A branches at 80-120 cm from the ground, Class B branches at 30-40 cm in length, and Class C branches at 15-30 cm. Pay attention to the height and spatial distribution of the different branch ends. Leave 2 third-level branches as a nutrient supply for the tree, and remove all other branches that do not need to be grafted.

[0043] (3) Scion selection and treatment: The scion of the macadamia nut variety A4, which has good local suitability and high yield, was selected as the main planting scion. Based on the characteristics of A4, the macadamia nut variety 741 with consistent flowering period and good adaptability was selected as the pollination scion. The A, B, and C type branches were selected to have mature and healthy scions with a diameter of 1.0-1.2cm, 0.6-1.0cm, and 0.3-0.6cm, respectively.

[0044] (4) Grafting: Select one Class B branch in the middle of the tree and graft it with the pollination variety 741. Select one Class C branch at two opposite positions of the tree and graft it with the pollination variety 741. The other branches are all grafted with the main scion. Each Class A branch is grafted with 2-3 scions, and the grafting direction avoids the direction of other main branches. The grafting method is the cut grafting method; each Class B branch is grafted with 1-2 scions, and the grafting direction is close to the outside of the tree. The grafting method is the cut grafting method; each Class C branch is grafted with 1 scion, and the grafting direction is the original branch growth direction. The grafting method is the open grafting method;

[0045] (5) Management of tree shape after grafting: After grafting, the buds on the rootstock should be removed in time. When the scion grows to more than 10 cm, the excess branches should be removed. A good position should be selected for each interface to retain 2-3 branches. When 50% of the scion has 5-6 mature leaves, the tertiary branches of the original tree used for nutrient supply should be removed.

[0046] (6) Carry out routine water, fertilizer, disease and pest management after grafting.

[0047] Implementation Effect

[0048] (1) Impact on production in the first three years

[0049] This technology achieves the purpose of rapid expansion of crown width and fruiting by grafting and changing varieties at different levels. In order to clarify the effect of this technology on the early fruiting and high yield characteristics of macadamia nuts, the yield of green-skinned fruits in the first three years was statistically analyzed, such as Figure 2 As shown, using the conventional grafting method, there was no yield in the first year, and a small part began to produce in the second year, but the yield was only 0.63kg / plant; after using this technology, macadamia nuts could produce in the first year, with a single plant yield of 11.9kg / plant, and the yield in the second year reached 24.7kg / plant; in the third year, the conventional grafting entered the formal fruit-bearing stage with a yield of 13.1kg, while the use of this technology has entered the formal fruit-bearing stage, with a yield of 40.23kg / plant, which is 3.07 times that of the control.

[0050] (2) Impact on fruit setting rate

[0051] In the grafting process, this technology is equipped with heterologous pollination trees. In order to clarify the impact on fruit setting, the fruit setting rate of different treatments was investigated in the third year of implementation. From March to May 2020, 60 branches were selected from the control and this technology's flower spikes, and the total number of florets per spike was recorded during the flowering period. Starting from 10 days after the flowers faded, the number of fruitlets on the flower spike was investigated every 15 days, and the fruit setting rate of each period was calculated ( Figure 3 ). As can be seen from the figure, during the entire period, by configuring the pollination branches, the fruit setting rate of this technology was significantly higher than that of the control. On April 1, April 15, May 1, May 15, and May 30, the fruit setting rates were 144.44%, 46.15%, 31.43%, 27.27%, and 58.33% higher than the control, respectively. On May 30, the fruit setting rate reached 0.38%.

[0052] In summary, the present invention selects different types of branches for grafting, and the vigorously growing main branches mainly grow for nutrition after grafting, which can quickly expand the crown and provide a basis for the tree's nutrient needs in the later stage; multiple scions are grafted on the tertiary branches and side branches at the same time, shortening the process of layer-by-layer weakening of the branches from nutrition branches to fruiting branches. After high grafting, the branches in the current year can be matured and weakened, and can bloom and bear fruit in the second year, achieving fruiting one year earlier; using multiple scion grafting in different spaces and orientations can quickly enrich the fruiting branch groups of the crown, achieving early fruiting and ensuring high yields.

[0053] By configuring suitable pollination tree varieties in the scion, it is possible to ensure that the main scion variety and the pollination variety grow at the same time and are grafted onto the same tree. This not only makes full use of the space, but also shortens the distance between the two varieties, effectively improving the efficiency of pollination, thereby greatly increasing the yield of macadamia nuts.

[0054] Although the present invention has been described above with reference to the embodiments, various modifications may be made thereto and parts thereof may be replaced by equivalents without departing from the scope of the present invention. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various features in the embodiments disclosed in the present invention may be used in combination with each other in any manner, and the fact that these combinations are not exhaustively described in this specification is only for the sake of omitting space and saving resources. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for grafting macadamia nuts with heterologous pollination varieties to quickly form crowns and fruits, characterized in that: include: Rootstock selection: Select mature macadamia trees for top grafting from October to March of the following year, select 1-2 main branches as Class A branches, select 3-5 tertiary branches at different positions and heights as Class B branches, and select 8-15 side branches at different positions and heights as Class C branches; Trunk cutting: Cut off the selected A-type branches at 80-120cm from the ground, cut off the B-type branches at 30-40cm, and cut off the C-type branches at 15-30cm. Leave 1-2 B-type branches as nutrient supply for the tree, and remove all other branches that do not need to be grafted. Scion selection and treatment: Select scions of local macadamia varieties with good suitability and high yield as the main scions. Select macadamia varieties with the same flowering period and good adaptability as pollination scions according to the grafting varieties. Select mature and healthy scions for A, B, and C branches respectively; Grafting: Select one B-type branch in the middle of the tree for grafting pollination scion, select one C-type branch at two opposite positions of the tree for grafting pollination scion, and graft the main scion on other branches. Each A-type branch is grafted with 2-3 scions, and the grafting direction avoids the direction of other main branches. The grafting method is cut grafting. Each B-type branch is grafted with 1-2 scions, and the grafting direction is close to the outside of the tree. The grafting method is cut grafting. Each C-type branch is grafted with one scion, and the grafting direction is the growth direction of the original branch. The grafting method is the open grafting method. Tree shape management: After grafting, promptly remove the buds on the rootstock. When the scion grows to more than 10 cm, remove excess branches. Select a good position for each interface to retain 2-3 branches. When 50% of the scion has 5-6 mature leaves, remove the Class B branches used for nutrient supply on the original tree.

2. The method for grafting a macadamia nut heterologous pollination variety to quickly form a crown and bear fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the A-type branches is 6-15 cm, the diameter of the B-type branches is 4-6 cm, and the diameter of the C-type branches is 2-4 cm.

3. The method for grafting a macadamia nut heterologous pollination variety to quickly form a crown and bear fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the trunk cutting step, attention should be paid to the height matching and spatial distribution of the cut ends of different branches to avoid more than two cut ends at the same position.

4. The method for grafting a macadamia nut heterologous pollination variety to quickly form a crown and produce fruits according to claim 1, characterized in that: The macadamia varieties with good suitability and high yield include A4 macadamia, OC macadamia and Guire No. 1 macadamia.

5. The method for grafting a macadamia nut heterologous pollination variety to quickly form a crown and bear fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes routine water, fertilizer, and pest and disease management after grafting.

6. The method for grafting a macadamia nut heterologous pollination variety to quickly form a crown and produce fruits according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the mature and healthy scion of the A-type branches is 1.0-1.2 cm, the thickness of the mature and healthy scion of the B-type branches is 0.6-1.0 cm, and the thickness of the mature and healthy scion of the C-type branches is 0.3-0.6 cm.

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