A method, system, and medium for determining the location of a target cell in a battery pack during thermal runaway.

Abstract

This invention relates to a method, system, and medium for determining the location of target cells in a battery pack during thermal runaway. For the battery pack under test, accelerated calorimetry (ECC) testing of the cells is performed to collect relevant parameters related to cell heat generation. A 3D model of each cell module in the battery pack is established. Based on the aforementioned cell heat generation parameters, the location of the target cell most prone to heat propagation during thermal runaway within a single cell module is determined. According to the coolant and airflow patterns within the battery pack, the location of the battery module most prone to heat propagation during thermal runaway is determined. Combining the locations of the target cells most prone to heat propagation during thermal runaway and the battery modules most prone to heat propagation, the location of the target cell most prone to heat spread during thermal runaway within the battery pack is determined. This invention requires only a small amount of computation time to determine the location of the target cells most prone to heat propagation within the battery pack.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery technology, and more specifically to a method for determining the location of a target cell in a battery pack during thermal runaway. Background Technology

[0002] As new energy vehicles gain a larger share of the automotive market, automakers are increasingly adopting high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries to extend the driving range of these vehicles. However, excessively high energy density can compromise safety. In related technologies, when a single cell (or cell) in a battery pack experiences thermal runaway, a violent chemical reaction occurs within the cell, generating a large amount of heat. This heat cannot be dissipated quickly enough, easily accelerating the thermal runaway of other cells. When the heat generated by a single cell becomes excessive and cannot dissipate in time, the heat buildup spreads from a localized area to the entire battery pack, eventually leading to thermal runaway of the entire pack. In severe cases, this can cause a fire or even an explosion. To ensure the thermal safety of the battery pack, cell insulation and bottom cooling are typically used to suppress the spread of thermal runaway.

[0003] To ensure the vehicle's power consumption and voltage requirements are met, the battery pack consists of hundreds of cells connected in series and parallel.

[0004] Any single battery cell can potentially experience thermal runaway, which can propagate to the entire battery pack. To verify that the insulation and cooling measures of each cell are sufficient to prevent thermal runaway from spreading, the traditional approach is to heat each cell in the battery pack individually until it reaches thermal runaway. This would require hundreds of tests for a single battery pack. Battery pack thermal runaway testing suffers from drawbacks such as high cost, long testing cycles, limited measurement methods, and numerous unpredictable factors. If the cell most prone to thermal runaway during thermal runaway could be selected as the target cell for thermal triggering testing, the thermal safety of the battery pack could be verified with fewer tests, reducing testing costs and shortening the testing cycle. However, simulating the thermal runaway process of each cell in the battery pack individually and comparing their severity would require hundreds of calculations for a single battery pack, resulting in a very long calculation cycle. Furthermore, in terms of numerical simulation of thermal runaway, the mechanism of thermal runaway is still unclear, the electrochemical heat generation model is complex, and the analytical accuracy is difficult to guarantee.

[0005] The application number is CN 113094921 B, and the patent title is "A Method and System for Simulating Thermal Runaway of a Battery Pack". It discloses a method for simulating thermal runaway of a battery pack, which combines cell testing with battery pack numerical simulation to simulate thermal runaway, thereby improving simulation accuracy and time efficiency and reducing testing costs. However, its content only involves the method for modeling thermal runaway of the battery, but does not involve the content of determining the location of the target cell for thermal runaway of the battery.

[0006] The application number is CN201911231468.0, and the patent title is "A Simulation Method for Thermal Runaway of Lithium-ion Batteries Based on Needle Penetration Internal Short Circuit". It discloses a simulation method for thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries based on needle penetration internal short circuit. Based on the electrochemical reaction mechanism and heat generation characteristics of the battery, it studies the temperature change characteristics of the battery under charging conditions by conducting thermoelectric characteristic tests and modeling simulation calculations on lithium-ion batteries. However, it does not involve determining the location of the target cell for thermal runaway of the battery. Summary of the Invention

[0007] One objective of this invention is to provide a method for determining the location of a target cell in a battery pack undergoing thermal runaway, thereby addressing the problems of long testing cycles and high costs in existing technologies; another objective is to provide a system for determining the location of a target cell in a battery pack undergoing thermal runaway; and a third objective is to provide a storage medium.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0009] A method for determining the location of a target cell in a battery pack during thermal runaway.

[0010] For the battery pack under test, thermal runaway accelerated calorimetry tests were performed on the cells to collect relevant parameters of cell heat generation.

[0011] A 3D model of a single cell module in the battery pack under test is established. Then, combined with the cell heat generation parameters, the location of the target cell most prone to thermal runaway in a single battery module is determined.

[0012] Based on the flow patterns of coolant and air within the battery pack under test, the location of the battery module most prone to thermal runaway during thermal runaway is determined.

[0013] By combining the location of the target cell most prone to thermal runaway and the location of the battery module most prone to thermal runaway, the location of the target cell most prone to thermal propagation during thermal runaway within the battery pack is determined.

[0014] Furthermore, the method for determining the location of the target cell most susceptible to thermal runaway during thermal runaway within the battery module is as follows:

[0015] A fitting function is determined based on the cell heat generation-related parameters. The fitting function includes a function of the cell thermal runaway progress and heat generation, and a function of the mass and temperature of the gas released by the cell.

[0016] A thermal runaway model of a single-cell module is formed by combining the 3D model of the single-cell module of the battery pack under test.

[0017] Based on the single-cell module thermal runaway model, the target cell position is changed one by one, and the temperature of the adjacent cells after different target cells runaway is compared. The target cell with the highest temperature among the adjacent cells is selected as the target cell position in the battery module most prone to thermal propagation.

[0018] Furthermore, the battery module locations most prone to thermal runaway within the battery pack include a first location and a second location;

[0019] The first position is the battery module above the area with the lowest water flow velocity of the water-cooled plate;

[0020] The second position is the battery module closest to the largest airflow outlet.

[0021] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the maximum airflow outlet is as follows: obtain the air domain enclosed by the battery cover, battery base, water cooling plate and battery module, calculate the airflow velocity distribution of the air domain, and count the flow rate of airflow from each outlet of the battery pack, thereby determining the location of the maximum airflow outlet.

[0022] Furthermore, the method for determining the location of the target cell most susceptible to thermal propagation during thermal runaway within the battery pack is as follows:

[0023] A first target battery cell and a second target battery cell are obtained, wherein the first target battery cell and the second target battery cell are respectively the target battery cell positions most prone to thermal runaway in the battery module at the first position and the second position.

[0024] Comparing the highest temperatures of the adjacent cells of the first target cell and the adjacent cells of the second target cell, if the temperature of the adjacent cells of the first target cell is higher than that of the adjacent cells of the second target cell, then the first target cell is the target cell most prone to thermal propagation during thermal runaway within the battery pack. If the temperature of the adjacent cells of the first target cell is lower than that of the adjacent cells of the second target cell, then the second target cell is the target cell most prone to thermal propagation during thermal runaway within the battery pack.

[0025] Furthermore, the thermal runaway model of the single-cell module needs to be modified between the target cell location most prone to thermal propagation within the battery module and the model forming the single-cell module thermal runaway model. The modification method is as follows:

[0026] 1) Fully charge the battery pack;

[0027] 2) Trigger the heating of two fully charged battery cells;

[0028] 3) Measure the temperature change of the battery pack during thermal runaway and compare it with the temperature change of the battery pack simulated by the single-cell module thermal runaway model;

[0029] 4) Based on the results of 3), correct the parameters of the single-cell module thermal runaway model to obtain the corrected single-cell module thermal runaway model.

[0030] Furthermore, the types of parameters in the modified single-cell module thermal runaway model include the thermal properties of the battery material and the air gap between the cell and the casing.

[0031] Furthermore, the thermal runaway accelerated calorimetry test of the battery cell is performed using an ARC device.

[0032] A system for determining the location of a target cell in a battery pack undergoing thermal runaway includes a controller and a memory, wherein the memory stores a computer-readable program that, when invoked, executes the steps of the method described above for determining the location of a target cell in a battery pack undergoing thermal runaway.

[0033] A storage medium storing a computer-readable program, which, when invoked, performs the steps of the method described above for determining the location of a target cell in a thermal runaway battery pack.

[0034] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0035] This invention, after collecting cell heat generation parameters, first determines the target cell location most prone to heat propagation during thermal runaway of a single battery module, and then determines the battery module location most prone to heat propagation during thermal runaway within the battery pack. Combining these two methods, the location where they overlap is the target cell location most prone to heat propagation during thermal runaway. Therefore, this invention only requires collecting cell heat generation parameters experimentally, and then determining the target cell location most prone to heat propagation during thermal runaway within the battery pack through numerical simulation, shortening the experimental cycle. Moreover, the source data for the numerical simulation is real data collected experimentally, effectively ensuring the accuracy of the numerical simulation results. Furthermore, experimental verification and parameter correction improve the accuracy of the numerical simulation model. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the battery pack in this embodiment;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the experimental setup;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the single-cell module structure in this embodiment;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram comparing the highest temperatures at the center of adjacent cells within a single module of this embodiment;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the low-speed water flow module in this embodiment;

[0042] Figure 7 A schematic diagram for selecting target cells for a complete package.

[0043] Among them, 1-top cover; 2-battery module; 3-base; 4-water cooling plate. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, illustrates the implementation of the technical solution of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Therefore, the drawings only show the components related to the present invention and are not drawn according to the actual number, shape and size of the components in the actual implementation. In the actual implementation, the form, quantity and proportion of each component can be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may also be more complex.

[0046] This embodiment proposes a method for determining the location of a target cell in a battery pack undergoing thermal runaway, comprising the following steps:

[0047] S1: Perform thermal runaway accelerated calorimetry test on the battery cell, collect relevant parameters of battery cell heat generation and fit them to generate corresponding functions. The fitting functions include: (1) the heat generation function with the progress of the battery cell thermal runaway reaction, the independent variable of the function is the thermal runaway reaction progress α, and the dependent variable of the function is the heat generation Q of the battery cell; (2) the mass function of the gas released by the battery cell with the change of battery cell temperature, the independent variable of the function is the battery cell temperature, and the dependent variable of the function is the mass of gas generated by the battery cell m.

[0048] S2: Establish and validate a cell thermal runaway model. Since a battery pack typically consists of 10-12 identical modules, and a module typically consists of 12-14 identical cells, experimental validation of the cell thermal runaway model is sufficient to ensure the accuracy of the numerical simulation of battery pack thermal runaway.

[0049] The experiment followed these steps: (1) The battery was fully charged using a constant current followed by a constant voltage charging method; (2) Two fully charged cells were heated and triggered in a self-made explosion-proof box of 0.9m×0.5m×0.31m; (3) The temperature change of the battery during thermal runaway was measured using a thermocouple and compared with the simulation results; (4) The parameters were corrected based on the results of step (3) above to obtain the corrected cell thermal runaway model.

[0050] S3: Establish a thermal runaway model for a single-cell module to determine the target cell location most susceptible to heat propagation within the module. Study the battery heating time and temperature distribution under different target cell locations in a single module using corrected cell performance parameters. Since the battery module has a symmetrical structure, half of the module can be selected, and the target cell locations can be changed one by one. Compare the temperature levels of adjacent cells after runaway of different target cells to determine the target cell location most susceptible to heat propagation within the module. Generally, calculating and comparing 6-7 locations is sufficient. Since the goal is only to find the target cell location most prone to heat propagation within a single module, heat exchange between each cell and air / coolant before and after thermal runaway can be disregarded; only the differences in heat conduction within the single module need to be considered.

[0051] S4: Establish models of coolant and airflow within the battery pack to identify the module locations most prone to heat spread. Analyzing the mechanism of cell-level heat spread, when a target cell is locally heated to a point of runaway, a large amount of heat is generated. Most of this heat is transferred from the target cell to adjacent cells via thermal conduction, while a smaller portion is transferred to adjacent cells via convection through the gas released from the explosion-proof vents. Simultaneously, due to the cooling system being activated, heat absorbed by adjacent cells is carried away by the water-cooled plate. When the cooling capacity of adjacent cells is insufficient to remove the heat absorbed from the target cell, the temperature of adjacent cells continuously rises until thermal runaway occurs, leading to heat spread. Due to the differences in heat conduction between cells, single-module thermal runaway has been analyzed; however, coolant heat transfer and high-temperature gas heat transfer require further analysis. Therefore, a flow model of the entire pack's water-cooled plate section is further established to identify the module areas with the lowest water flow velocity and where heat is more difficult to dissipate as one of the module locations most prone to heat spread within the entire pack. At the same time, a model of the airflow part of the battery cell spray valve is further established to determine that the module area with high high temperature airflow velocity and more heat absorption is one of the module locations in the whole package most prone to heat spread. Generally, two module locations are determined.

[0052] S5: Determine the location of the target cell most prone to thermal runaway within the entire package. Establish a thermal runaway model for the entire package using the corrected cell performance parameters. Since the locations of the two modules most prone to thermal runaway within the package have been determined through step four above, and the location of the target cell most prone to thermal runaway within a single module has also been determined through step three, it is only necessary to compare the locations of the target cells most prone to thermal runaway on the two modules.

[0053] Among them, the cell thermal runaway verification model, the battery single module runaway model and the whole pack thermal runaway model include a three-dimensional (3D) heat transfer module and a three-dimensional (3D) thermal runaway heat generation module: (1) The 3D heat transfer module constructs a three-dimensional geometric model based on the actual size of the battery. The cell thermal runaway verification model and the whole pack thermal runaway model consider the heat conduction inside the battery and the convective heat transfer between the battery and the external environment; while the battery single module runaway model only considers the heat conduction inside the battery. (2) The 3D thermal runaway heat generation module calculates the heat generation of the battery during the thermal runaway process by testing the fitted thermal boundary function using a lithium-ion thermal runaway accelerated calorimeter.

[0054] The following is an example using a certain battery. Figure 2 The present embodiment provides a detailed description of the lithium-ion battery pack. This optimization method is not limited to this battery but is also applicable to other battery applications.

[0055] like Figure 1 As shown, the method described in this embodiment mainly includes the following steps:

[0056] S1: Perform thermal runaway accelerated calorimetry testing on the battery cell to collect relevant parameters of heat generation in the battery cell.

[0057] The thermal runaway accelerated calorimeter test of the battery cell was carried out. The battery cell was placed in the ARC test equipment and an ARC adiabatic thermal runaway experiment with built-in thermocouple was conducted to obtain the heat release law of the battery thermal runaway process and to fit and generate the corresponding function. The fitting function includes: (1) the heat generation function with the progress of the thermal runaway reaction of the battery cell, the independent variable of the function is the thermal runaway reaction progress α, and the dependent variable of the function is the heat generation Q of the battery cell; (2) the mass function of the gas released by the battery cell with the change of the battery cell temperature, the independent variable of the function is the battery cell temperature, and the dependent variable of the function is the mass of gas produced by the battery cell m.

[0058] S2: Establish a cell thermal runaway model and parameter correction.

[0059] A cell thermal runaway model was established based on... Figure 3 The actual dimensions and arrangement of the cells are shown. Considering the internal heat conduction of the battery, the heat conduction between the cells and the external environment, and convective heat transfer, a three-dimensional (3D) heat transfer model between the cells is established based on the energy conservation equation. Then, a thermal runaway heat generation model is established using the functions obtained from the cell ARC test (the heat generation function established by S1 as the progress of the cell thermal runaway reaction and the mass function of the gas released by the cell as the cell temperature changes), and the heat generation during the cell thermal runaway process is calculated.

[0060] A thermal runaway verification experiment between battery cells was conducted. Two fully charged battery cells were heated and triggered within a self-made explosion-proof box measuring 0.9m × 0.5m × 0.31m. Thermocouples were used to measure the temperature changes of the cells during the experiment. The arrangement of the thermocouples and heating elements is as follows. Figure 3As shown, the cells were heated sideways until thermal runaway occurred, after which the power to the heating element was disconnected. The temperature change of the cells throughout the process was obtained and compared with experimental results. By comparing with the experimental temperature curves, the thermal properties of the battery materials and the air gap between the cells and the casing in the cell thermal runaway model were verified and corrected.

[0061] S3: Establish a runaway model for a single-cell module and determine the location of the target cell most prone to thermal diffusion within the single-cell module.

[0062] The S2 cell thermal runaway model is the foundational model for S3; structurally, it is a part of it, and the reaction equations are the same. Therefore, the calibrated foundational model of S2 and its corrected parameters can be used to establish a single-module model for the S3 battery.

[0063] according to Figure 4 The actual size of a single battery module is determined by first establishing a three-dimensional (3D) model of the single battery module. Considering the internal heat conduction of the battery, a thermal runaway heat generation model of the single battery module is established based on the energy conservation equation and the function obtained by fitting through the ARC test of the battery cell. The thermal runaway heat generation model of the battery cell, the material thermal properties of the battery cell, and the air gap between the battery cell and the casing are all parameters corrected by S2.

[0064] Then, based on the thermal runaway heat generation model of a single-cell module, the single-cell module was side-heated until thermal runaway occurred, and then stopped. The temperature change throughout the entire process was obtained. The positions of the heating elements were changed one by one, and the highest temperature near the center of the target cell after runaway was analyzed and calculated when the heating elements were on the left side of cells 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, as follows. Figure 5 As shown, through calculation and comparison, when the heating element is close to the left side of cell 2, the temperature of the center of the adjacent cell is the highest. Therefore, cell 2 of the single-cell module is determined to be the target cell most prone to heat propagation.

[0065] S4: Establish a model of coolant flow and air flow within the battery pack to determine the location of the module most prone to heat diffusion within the entire pack.

[0066] A model of coolant and airflow within the battery pack was established to determine the location of the module most prone to heat diffusion within the battery pack. Based on... Figure 2 The actual 3D model of the battery water-cooled plate, based on the fluid continuity equation and momentum conservation equation, calculates the water velocity distribution on the water-cooled plate as follows: Figure 6 As shown, the battery module above the lower speed area (located in the first position) is one of the module locations within the entire pack where heat spread is more likely to occur. Then, based on... Figure 2The air domain enclosed by the battery cover 1, battery base 2, water-cooling plate 3, and battery module 4 is shown. Based on the fluid continuity equation and momentum conservation equation, the airflow velocity distribution in the air domain is calculated, and the flow rate from each outlet is statistically analyzed. The battery module closest to the main airflow outlet (located in the second position) is more prone to heat spread because the high-temperature airflow emitted by the battery cells in this area has a higher velocity and transfers more heat to the adjacent battery cells. Therefore, based on the coolant flow and airflow model within the battery pack, the locations of the two battery modules most susceptible to heat spread are determined.

[0067] Step 5: Determine the location of the target cell within the entire package that is most susceptible to heat spread.

[0068] Since the locations of the two battery modules most prone to heat spread within the pack, and the location of the target cell most susceptible to heat spread within a single module, have already been identified, it is only necessary to analyze and compare the locations of the target cells most prone to heat spread in the two modules, as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the cell at the position of the second cell in the battery module 1 above the low water flow velocity area, i.e. the first target cell, is selected as the target cell. The cell at the position of the second cell in the module 2 near the main airflow outlet, i.e. the second target cell, is selected as the target cell. The highest temperature of each of the adjacent cells is calculated. The cell with the highest temperature among its adjacent cells is the target cell most likely to experience thermal runaway in the battery pack.

[0069] This embodiment also proposes a system for determining the location of a target cell in a battery pack undergoing thermal runaway, including a controller and a memory. The memory stores a computer-readable program, which, when invoked, can execute the steps of the method described above for determining the location of a target cell in a battery pack undergoing thermal runaway.

[0070] This embodiment also proposes a storage medium storing a computer-readable program, which, when invoked, can execute the steps of the method described above for determining the location of the target cell in the thermal runaway of the battery pack.

[0071] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments provided to fully illustrate the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for determining a target cell position of thermal runaway in a battery pack, comprising: performing a thermal runaway accelerating calorimeter test on a cell of a battery pack to be tested to collect cell heat generation related parameters; establishing a 3D model of a single battery module of the battery pack to be tested, and combining the cell heat generation related parameters to determine a target cell position in the single battery module that is most prone to thermal diffusion when thermal runaway occurs; determining a battery module position in the battery pack that is most prone to thermal diffusion when thermal runaway occurs according to a cooling liquid flow and an air flow in the battery pack; determining a target cell position in the battery pack that is most prone to thermal spread when thermal runaway occurs by combining the target cell position that is most prone to thermal diffusion when thermal runaway occurs and the battery module position that is most prone to thermal diffusion when thermal runaway occurs; determining the target cell position that is most prone to thermal spread when thermal runaway occurs in the battery pack; the method for determining the target cell position that is most prone to thermal diffusion when thermal runaway occurs in the single battery module comprises: determining a fitting function according to the cell heat generation related parameters, wherein the fitting function comprises a function of cell thermal runaway progress and heat generation, and a function of cell gas release mass and temperature; combining the 3D model of the single battery module to form a single battery module thermal runaway model; and changing the target cell position one by one based on the single battery module thermal runaway model, comparing temperatures of adjacent cells after thermal runaway of different target cells, and selecting a target cell with the highest temperature of adjacent cells as the target cell position in the single battery module that is most prone to thermal spread; the battery module position that is most prone to thermal diffusion when thermal runaway occurs in the battery pack comprises a first position and a second position; the first position is a battery module above a region with the lowest water flow velocity of a water-cooled plate; and the second position is a battery module closest to a maximum air outlet; the method for obtaining the maximum air outlet comprises: obtaining an air domain surrounded by a battery upper cover, a battery base, a water-cooled plate, and a battery module, calculating an air flow velocity distribution of the air domain, and counting air flow from each outlet of the battery pack to determine the position of the maximum air outlet; the method for determining the target cell position that is most prone to thermal spread when thermal runaway occurs in the battery pack comprises: obtaining a first target cell and a second target cell, wherein the first target cell and the second target cell are respectively the target cell positions that are most prone to thermal diffusion when thermal runaway occurs in the battery modules of the first position and the second position; comparing the highest temperatures of adjacent cells of the first target cell and the second target cell, wherein if the temperature of the adjacent cells of the first target cell is higher than that of the second target cell, the first target cell is the target cell that is most prone to thermal spread when thermal runaway occurs in the battery pack, and if the temperature of the adjacent cells of the first target cell is lower than that of the second target cell, the second target cell is the target cell that is most prone to thermal spread when thermal runaway occurs in the battery pack; and the single battery module thermal runaway model needs to be corrected between the target cell position that is most prone to thermal spread when thermal runaway occurs in the battery module and the formation of the single battery module thermal runaway model, and the correction method comprises: 1) fully charging the battery pack; and 2) heating and triggering two fully charged cells. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2. The method of determining a battery pack thermal runaway target cell location of claim 1, wherein: ​ ​ ​ 3. The method of determining a battery pack thermal runaway target cell location of claim 2, wherein: ​ 4. The method of determining a battery pack thermal runaway target cell location of claim 2, wherein: ​ ​ ​ 5. The method of determining a battery pack thermal runaway target cell location of claim 1, wherein: ​ ​ ​ 3) measure the temperature change of the battery pack during thermal runaway and compare with the battery pack temperature change simulated by the single cell module thermal runaway model; 4) correct the parameters of the single cell module thermal runaway model according to the result of 3) to obtain a corrected single cell module thermal runaway model.

6. The method of determining a battery pack thermal runaway target cell location of claim 5, wherein: The types of parameters of the single cell module thermal runaway model to be corrected include thermal physical parameters of battery materials and air gap between the cell and the shell.

7. The method of determining a battery pack thermal runaway target cell location of claim 1, wherein: The thermal runaway accelerated rate calorimeter test of the cell is based on an ARC device.

8. A system for determining a battery pack thermal runaway target cell location, the system comprising: The controller and the memory are included, and the memory stores a computer readable program which, when called, can execute the steps of the method for determining the target cell position of the battery pack thermal runaway according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. A storage medium characterized by: The memory stores a computer readable program which, when called, can execute the steps of the method for determining the target cell position of the battery pack thermal runaway according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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