Broadband dual-polarized antenna based on bimetallic cavity

Abstract

This application discloses a broadband dual-polarized antenna based on a bimetallic cavity, relating to the field of microstrip antenna technology. It includes an upper dielectric substrate, a lower dielectric substrate, a metal grid, and a metal ground plane. A radiating patch is disposed on the lower surface of the upper dielectric substrate, and a feed patch is disposed on the upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate. Screws are respectively disposed on the horizontal and vertical directions of the outer edge of the feed patch. The feed patch and screws are connected by a bent microstrip line. The screws penetrate through the lower dielectric substrate and extend to the metal ground plane. A groove is provided on the upper surface of the metal ground plane, and an edge air hole corresponding to the screw position is provided on the edge of the groove. The edge air hole penetrates through the metal ground plane and is used to introduce the feed. The broadband dual-polarized antenna based on a bimetallic cavity provided by this application not only has a wide bandwidth, strong compactness, and small size, but also effectively reduces the manufacturing cost of array antennas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of microstrip antenna technology, specifically to a broadband dual-polarized antenna based on a bimetallic cavity. Background Technology

[0002] Satellite communication uses artificial Earth satellites as relay stations to forward radio waves, thereby enabling communication between two or more earth stations. Due to its advantages such as wide coverage, high communication capacity, good transmission quality, and minimal impact from geographical environment, satellite communication is widely used in many fields, such as military applications like radar, navigation, and electronic warfare, and civilian applications like communication, broadcasting, and satellite positioning.

[0003] As a crucial component of satellite communication, the performance of antennas directly impacts the communication quality of the entire communication system.

[0004] Currently, the main feeding methods for microstrip antennas include slot-coupled feeding, coaxial feeding, and air cavity-coupled feeding. Among them, slot-coupled feeding has a wider bandwidth, but because it is achieved through coupling, the metal ground is incomplete, gaps exist, energy will leak, and the element size is relatively large. Coaxial feeding has an intact metal ground, and compared with slot-coupled feeding, its element size is smaller and there is no energy loss, but the bandwidth is narrower. Air cavity-coupled feeding has a narrow antenna bandwidth, a relatively high antenna profile, and poor antenna compactness.

[0005] In summary, current microstrip antenna feeding methods cannot simultaneously possess characteristics such as wide bandwidth, strong antenna compactness, small size, and high profile.

[0006] Furthermore, single antennas often fall short of the desired radiation performance, and practical applications typically place greater demands on antenna radiation patterns and gain. When a single element cannot achieve the desired result, multiple elements are often combined to achieve the same goal. This array configuration allows for better control over the antenna's radiation pattern direction and beamwidth. Therefore, in practical applications, minimizing costs while meeting antenna performance requirements is crucial. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Therefore, this application provides a broadband dual-polarized antenna based on a bimetallic cavity to solve the problem that existing antennas cannot simultaneously possess characteristics such as wide bandwidth, strong antenna compactness, small size, and high profile.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution:

[0009] A broadband dual-polarized antenna based on a bimetallic cavity includes an upper dielectric substrate, a lower dielectric substrate, a metal grid, and a metal ground plane. The lower dielectric substrate and the metal grid are disposed on the upper surface of the metal ground plane. The metal grid surrounds the lower dielectric substrate, and the thickness of the metal grid is greater than the thickness of the lower dielectric substrate. The upper dielectric substrate is disposed above the metal grid.

[0010] A radiating patch is disposed on the lower surface of the upper dielectric substrate, and a feeding patch is disposed on the upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate. Screws are disposed on the outer edge of the feeding patch in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. The feeding patch and the screws are connected by a bent microstrip line. The screws penetrate the lower dielectric substrate and extend to the metal ground plane. A groove is provided on the upper surface of the metal ground plane, and an edge air hole corresponding to the position of the screw is provided on the edge of the groove. The edge air hole penetrates the metal ground plane and is used to introduce power.

[0011] Preferably, the radiating patch consists of four square metal patches arranged in a 2x2 array.

[0012] Preferably, the side length of the square metal patch is one-quarter wavelength.

[0013] Preferably, the distance between any two of the four square metal patches is less than one-tenth of a wavelength.

[0014] Preferably, the feeding patch is square with a side length of half a wavelength.

[0015] Preferably, the power supply patch has a metal cylinder in the middle, which extends through the lower dielectric substrate to the metal ground plane.

[0016] Preferably, the thickness of both the upper dielectric substrate and the lower dielectric substrate is 0.254 mm.

[0017] Preferably, the thickness of the metal grid is one-tenth of the operating wavelength.

[0018] Preferably, the groove is square with a side length of one-quarter wavelength.

[0019] Preferably, the depth of the groove is less than one-tenth of the wavelength.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, this application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0021] This application provides a broadband dual-polarized antenna based on a bimetallic cavity, comprising an upper dielectric substrate, a lower dielectric substrate, a metal grid, and a metal ground plane. A radiating patch is disposed on the lower surface of the upper dielectric substrate, and a feed patch is disposed on the upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate. Screws are respectively disposed on the horizontal and vertical directions of the outer edge of the feed patch. The feed patch and screws are connected by a bent microstrip line. The screws penetrate through the lower dielectric substrate and extend to the metal ground plane. A groove is provided on the upper surface of the metal ground plane, and an edge air hole corresponding to the screw position is provided on the edge of the groove. The edge air hole penetrates through the metal ground plane and is used to introduce feed. The broadband dual-polarized antenna based on a bimetallic cavity provided in this application combines coaxial screw feeding and coupled feeding techniques to achieve an antenna stacking effect, thereby expanding the antenna bandwidth. Furthermore, the combined effect of the cavity and the feed patch expands the antenna bandwidth while giving the antenna dual-polarization characteristics, resulting in a compact overall structure. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more intuitively illustrate the prior art and this application, several exemplary figures are provided below. It should be understood that the specific shapes and structures shown in the figures should not generally be regarded as limiting conditions for implementing this application; for example, based on the technical concept disclosed in this application and the exemplary figures, those skilled in the art are able to easily make conventional adjustments or further optimizations to the addition / reduction / classification, specific shapes, positional relationships, connection methods, size ratios, etc. of certain units (components).

[0023] Figure 1 An exploded view of a broadband dual-polarized antenna based on a bimetallic cavity provided in this application;

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the lower surface structure of the upper dielectric substrate provided in this application;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure after removing the upper dielectric substrate in this application;

[0026] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the upper surface structure of the lower dielectric substrate provided in this application;

[0027] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the lower surface structure of the lower dielectric substrate provided in this application;

[0028] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the metal grid structure provided in this application;

[0029] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the upper surface structure of the metal floor provided in this application;

[0030] Figure 8A schematic diagram of the lower surface structure of the metal floor provided in this application;

[0031] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the 7*7 antenna array structure provided in this application;

[0032] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the simulation results of the S-parameters of a single antenna element provided in this application;

[0033] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the gain simulation results for a single antenna element provided in this application;

[0034] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the simulation results of the S-parameters of the 7*7 antenna array provided in this application;

[0035] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the gain simulation results of the 7*7 antenna array provided in this application.

[0036] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0037] 1. Upper dielectric substrate; 11. Radiation patch; 2. Lower dielectric substrate; 21. Power supply patch; 22. Screw; 23. Metal cylinder; 24. Microstrip line; 3. Metal grid; 4. Metal ground plane; 41. Groove; 42. Edge air hole. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0039] In the description of this application: unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more. The terms "first," "second," "third," etc., in this application are intended to distinguish the objects referred to and do not have any special meaning in terms of technical connotation (e.g., they should not be construed as an emphasis on importance or order). Expressions such as "comprising," "including," and "having" also mean "not limited to" (certain units, components, materials, steps, etc.).

[0040] The terms used in this application, such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and "middle," are generally used to facilitate intuitive understanding by referring to the accompanying drawings, and are not absolute limitations on the positional relationships in the actual product. Changes in these relative positional relationships, without departing from the technical concept disclosed in this application, should also be considered within the scope of this application.

[0041] Please see Figure 1This application provides a broadband dual-polarized antenna based on a bimetallic cavity, mainly targeting microstrip antennas in Ku-band satellite communication antennas. It mainly includes four parts: an upper dielectric substrate 1, a lower dielectric substrate 2, a metal grid 3, and a metal ground plane 4. The lower dielectric substrate 2 and the metal grid 3 are disposed on the upper surface of the metal ground plane 4. The metal grid 3 surrounds the lower dielectric substrate 2, and the thickness of the metal grid 3 is greater than the thickness of the lower dielectric substrate 2. The upper dielectric substrate 1 is disposed above the metal grid 3. The thickness of both the upper dielectric substrate 1 and the lower dielectric substrate 2 is 0.254 mm.

[0042] Please see Figure 2 A radiating patch 11 is provided on the lower surface of the upper dielectric substrate 1. The radiating patch 11 is composed of four metal patches. The metal patches are square, and the side length of the square is one-quarter wavelength. The four square metal patches form a 2*2 array, and the distance between each pair of the four square metal patches is less than one-tenth of a wavelength.

[0043] Please see Figures 3 to 5 A feed patch 21 is disposed on the upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate 2. The feed patch 21 is square, and the side length of the square is half the wavelength. Screws 22 are disposed on the horizontal and vertical directions on the outer edge of the feed patch 21. The feed patch 21 and the screws 22 are connected by a bent microstrip line 24. The bent microstrip line between the screws 22 and the feed patch 21 is for impedance matching. The screws 22 penetrate through the lower dielectric substrate 2 and extend to the metal ground plane 4. Three metal through holes are disposed on the surface of the lower dielectric substrate 2. The two outer metal through holes are through holes for the coaxial feed metal pillar of the screws 22. The middle metal through hole extends from the center of the feed patch 21 to the metal ground plane 4. The diameter of the metal cylinder 23 is 1 mm, which mainly serves as a support.

[0044] Please see Figure 6 The metal grid 3 is a square frame surrounding the lower dielectric substrate 2. Its thickness is one-tenth of the working wavelength, and its width is defined as 1 mm since it mainly serves as a support.

[0045] Please see Figure 7 and Figure 8The metal ground plate 4 has a certain thickness. A groove 41 is provided in the middle of the upper surface of the metal ground plate 4. The groove 41 is square with a side length of one-quarter wavelength and a depth of less than one-tenth wavelength. The groove 41 is an air cavity formed by the metal ground plate 4 and the feed patch 21. The edge of the groove 41 has an edge air hole 42 corresponding to the position of the screw 22. The edge air hole 42 penetrates the metal ground plate 4 and is used to introduce the feed. The feed is carried out coaxially through the screw. This not only makes the antenna more compact, but also makes it easier to integrate. Moreover, the air cavity is dug in the center of the metal ground plate 4 with a certain thickness, so that the metal ground plate 4 has a certain integrity. This prevents the antenna from leaking energy in the ground direction and does not affect other structures.

[0046] The working principle of the broadband dual-polarized antenna based on a bimetallic cavity provided in this application is as follows:

[0047] Two methods are used to expand the antenna bandwidth. First, electromagnetic wave energy is introduced from the feed port (i.e., the edge air hole 42) to the feed patch 21 through coaxial feeding with screws. Then, it is excited to the radiating patch 11 at a certain distance through air coupling in the metal grid 3. The antenna bandwidth is increased by stacking patch technology. Second, a cavity (i.e., groove 41) is formed by a groove in the center of the metal ground plate 4. Through the interaction between the cavity and the feed patch 21, it is equivalent to increasing the thickness of the dielectric substrate of the feed patch 21 and reducing the Q value, thereby expanding the antenna bandwidth and solving the problem of narrow antenna bandwidth, so that the antenna can operate at a wider frequency.

[0048] The loading of the metal grid 3 serves two purposes: it provides support and reduces mutual coupling between antenna elements, thereby improving the antenna array gain. A metal cylinder 23 is loaded at the center of the feed patch 21 and the metal ground plane 4. This metal cylinder 23 provides support without affecting antenna performance. The dielectric material used is RO4350, and the metal layer thickness is 0.035mm. Broadband matching is achieved by adjusting various structural parameters.

[0049] The broadband dual-polarized antenna based on a bimetallic cavity provided in this application can have metal walls of a certain thickness set around the entire antenna and on the top to form a single antenna element, which is convenient for mass production. Then, the whole unit can be assembled to form an antenna array, which can effectively reduce the processing cost. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a 7x7 array structure composed of a single antenna element in this application.

[0050] Please see Figure 10 , Figure 10 The S-parameter simulation results for a single antenna element are derived from... Figure 10It can be seen that within the 10.55-15GHz range, S11 is less than -10dB, the impedance bandwidth is 35.6%, and the isolation between its two polarizations is greater than 10dB.

[0051] Please see Figure 11 , Figure 11 The gain simulation results for a single antenna element are derived from... Figure 11 It can be seen that the low-frequency gain is slightly lower than that of the high-frequency gain, but the overall gain is almost 6dB or more.

[0052] Please see Figure 12 and Figure 13 , Figure 12 The simulation results of the S-parameters of the 7x7 antenna array are as follows. Figure 13 The gain simulation results for a 7x7 antenna array are provided by... Figure 12 and Figure 13 It can be seen that within the 10.5-15GHz range, S11 is less than -10dB, the isolation between its two polarizations is greater than 10dB, and the overall antenna gain is above 22dB.

[0053] Based on the broadband dual-polarized antenna with a bimetallic cavity provided in the application, if you want to improve the antenna gain, you can add a metal patch above the antenna element to increase the antenna directivity, which can improve the gain by 0.3dB.

[0054] In summary, this application has the following advantages:

[0055] (1) The antenna bandwidth is extended in two ways. On the one hand, the screw coaxial feeding and coupling feeding technology are combined to achieve the antenna stacking effect, thereby widening the antenna bandwidth. On the other hand, the antenna bandwidth is extended by the joint action between the cavity and the feeding patch. At the same time, the antenna has dual polarization characteristics.

[0056] (2) When antenna elements are applied to an antenna array, due to the structural characteristics of the antenna elements, the antenna array can be processed in batches of individual elements and then combined as a whole, which can effectively reduce the processing cost.

[0057] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way (as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features). For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described; these embodiments not explicitly written should also be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0058] The present application has been described in a relatively specific and detailed manner above through general descriptions and specific embodiments. It should be understood that, based on the technical concept of the present application, several conventional adjustments or further innovations can be made to these specific embodiments; however, as long as they do not depart from the technical concept of the present application, the technical solutions obtained by these conventional adjustments or further innovations also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A dual-polarized wideband antenna based on a bimetallic cavity, characterized in that, The application relates to a dielectric substrate structure, which comprises an upper dielectric substrate, a lower dielectric substrate, a metal grid and a metal floor, wherein the upper surface of the metal floor is provided with the lower dielectric substrate and the metal grid, the metal grid surrounds the lower dielectric substrate, the thickness of the metal grid is greater than that of the lower dielectric substrate, and the upper surface of the metal grid is provided with the upper dielectric substrate. The metal floor has a certain thickness. The lower surface of the upper dielectric substrate is provided with a radiation patch, the upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate is provided with a feeding patch, the horizontal and vertical directions outside the edge of the feeding patch are respectively provided with screws, the feeding patch and the screws are connected through a bent microstrip line, the screws extend to the metal floor through the lower dielectric substrate, the upper surface of the metal floor is provided with a groove, the edge of the groove is provided with an edge air hole corresponding to the position of the screw, the edge air hole penetrates through the metal floor, and the edge air hole is used for feeding. The middle of the feeding patch is provided with a metal cylinder, and the metal cylinder extends to the metal floor through the lower dielectric substrate.

2. The dual-metacavity-based wideband dual-polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The radiation patch is composed of four square metal patches, and the four square metal patches form a 2*2 array.

3. The dual-metacavity-based wideband dual-polarized antenna according to claim 2, wherein, The side length of the square metal patch is one fourth of a wavelength.

4. The dual-metacavity-based wideband dual-polarized antenna according to claim 2, wherein, The distance between two of the four square metal patches is less than one tenth of a wavelength.

5. The dual-metamaterial cavity-based wideband dual-polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The feeding patch is a square with a side length of one half of a wavelength.

6. The dual-metacavity-based wideband dual-polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The thickness of the upper dielectric substrate and the lower dielectric substrate is 0.254 mm.

7. The dual-metacavity-based wideband dual-polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The thickness of the metal grid is one tenth of a wavelength.

8. The dual-metamaterial cavity-based wideband dual-polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein, The groove is a square with a side length of one fourth of a wavelength.

9. The dual-metamaterial cavity-based wideband dual-polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The depth of the groove is less than one tenth of a wavelength.

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