A two-stage precooling hydrogenation system integrated with a vortex tube

Abstract

The object of the present invention is to provide a two-stage precooling hydrogenation system integrated with a vortex tube, which includes a high-pressure hydrogen input end and a high-pressure hydrogen output end. It is characterized in that a two-stage precooling system integrated with a vortex tube is arranged on the pipeline between the high-pressure hydrogen input end and the high-pressure hydrogen output end to precool the hydrogen flow. It is based on the conventional two-stage precooling system, but on this basis, it is improved by integrating a vortex tube to avoid throttling the hydrogen flow, overcoming the defect of large power consumption of the conventional two-stage precooling system and being able to retain its advantage of large refrigerating capacity. While the two-stage precooling hydrogenation system integrated with a vortex tube of the present invention maintains high-efficiency refrigeration, the overall power consumption is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen refueling in hydrogen stations, and particularly relates to a two-stage precooling hydrogen refueling system integrated with a vortex tube. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen energy is the key to realizing clean energy utilization and optimizing the energy consumption structure due to its diverse sources, high unit calorific value, high conversion efficiency, zero pollution in use, and renewable characteristics. As an important application scenario of hydrogen energy in the transportation field, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are an important direction for the transformation and upgrading of the global automotive power system towards electrification. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have advantages such as achieving "zero emissions" during vehicle use, efficient energy utilization, long driving range, and short fuel filling time. Therefore, hydrogen energy vehicles with zero emissions and zero pollution are recognized worldwide as the "ultimate new energy vehicle solution."

[0003] Currently, the cost and safety issues of hydrogen refueling restrict the development of hydrogen energy vehicles. The hydrogen storage container selected for hydrogen energy vehicles is an on-vehicle high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder. Currently, on-vehicle hydrogen storage cylinders adopted by various countries are mostly composed of composite carbon fiber (CFRP) materials, with a maximum pressure resistance of up to 70 MPa. However, the composite carbon fiber (CFRP) material will fail under high-temperature conditions. According to the international standard ISO15869, the maximum allowable temperature of on-vehicle high-pressure hydrogen cylinders is 85°C. During the process of filling hydrogen into the on-vehicle hydrogen storage cylinder, because hydrogen has a negative Joule-Thomson effect (J-T Effect), isenthalpic expansion in the throttle valve and adiabatic compression in the hydrogen cylinder will cause the temperature of hydrogen to rise sharply. After the hydrogen temperature exceeds 85°C, it is difficult to reduce the temperature through natural heat dissipation in a short time, posing a huge safety hazard to the on-vehicle hydrogen cylinder. To avoid the safety hazard caused by excessive hydrogen temperature, a hydrogen pre-cooling device needs to be set in front of the hydrogen refueling machine in the hydrogen refueling station.

[0004] The rated working pressure levels of hydrogen refueling machines in hydrogen refueling stations are divided into two levels: 35 MPa and 70 MPa. According to the "China Hydrogen Energy Industry Infrastructure Development Blue Book," the future development trend of hydrogen refueling stations is to adopt liquid hydrogen storage and supply and 70 MPa high-pressure hydrogen refueling. Early hydrogen pre-cooling devices mostly used liquid nitrogen as a refrigerant to directly cool high-temperature hydrogen. However, since the entire pre-cooling process cannot be self-controlled and the temperature control mainly relies on hydrogen flow regulation, there may be a phenomenon of excessive hydrogen pre-cooling. Currently, most hydrogen refueling stations at home and abroad use cooling units for cooling. And the pre-cooling system of the hydrogen refueling station needs to be able to quickly adapt to changes in the heat load. Therefore, the refrigeration cycle must always be in operation, and there are huge operation and maintenance costs for the hydrogen pre-cooling system. For this reason, researchers have optimized the cooling process and pre-cooling temperature setting of the hydrogen pre-cooling system to improve system performance.

[0005] Currently, there is a conventional two-stage precooling system. A two-stage hydrogenation precooling system with two hydrogen precooling units is mostly adopted to precool the high-pressure hydrogen for filling. For a conventional two-stage hydrogenation precooling system, a throttle valve is used for pressure reduction. However, due to the negative Joule-Thomson effect of hydrogen, the temperature rises after throttling through the throttle valve, resulting in a relatively high power consumption for cooling and a low overall refrigeration efficiency of the system. In addition, some technologies using vortex tube refrigeration have emerged in this field successively. The cold-end outlet of the vortex tube is used as the hydrogen precooling source. Although the refrigeration section of the system is simplified, on the one hand, additional devices need to be introduced to recool the hot hydrogen flow at the hot-end outlet of the vortex tube, and the overall complexity of the system is not simplified. On the other hand, the refrigerating capacity of the vortex tube refrigeration is not large, which affects the working flow of the hydrogen filling station. If multiple parallel vortex tubes are used, dealing with the fluid at the hot-end outlets of multiple vortex tubes will undoubtedly increase the complexity and volume of the system.

[0006] Therefore, how to achieve efficient, reliable, and stable hydrogen precooling while reducing the power consumption of the precooling unit is the key problem to be solved by this invention patent. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Based on the above technical status quo, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a two-stage precooling hydrogenation system integrated with a vortex tube. It is based on a conventional two-stage precooling system but is improved on this basis. By integrating the vortex tube and avoiding throttling operations on the hydrogen flow, it overcomes the defect of high power consumption of the conventional two-stage precooling system and can retain the advantage of its large refrigerating capacity, enabling the two-stage precooling hydrogenation system integrated with the vortex tube of the present invention to maintain high-efficiency refrigeration while reducing the overall power consumption.

[0008] The technical solution provided by the present invention is: A two-stage precooling hydrogenation system integrated with a vortex tube, including a high-pressure hydrogen input end and a high-pressure hydrogen output end. It is characterized in that a two-stage precooling system integrated with a vortex tube is arranged on the pipeline between the high-pressure hydrogen input end and the high-pressure hydrogen output end to precool the hydrogen flow.

[0009] The two-stage precooling system integrated with the vortex tube includes a vortex tube component, a first-stage precooling unit, and a second-stage precooling unit. The vortex tube component includes a vortex tube component inlet, a vortex tube component cold-end outlet, and a vortex tube component hot-end outlet; the high-pressure hydrogen input end is communicated with the vortex tube component inlet; the vortex tube component cold-end outlet is communicated to the second-stage precooling unit, and after the hydrogen is precooled in the second-stage precooling unit, it is communicated to the high-pressure hydrogen output end; the vortex tube component hot-end outlet is communicated to the first-stage precooling unit, and after the hydrogen is subjected to the first-stage precooling in the first-stage precooling unit, it is communicated to the second-stage precooling unit, and after further precooling in the second-stage precooling unit, it is communicated to the high-pressure hydrogen output end.

[0010] Specifically, the first-stage precooling unit includes a first evaporator, a first compressor, a first condenser, and a first throttle valve that are connected in series in sequence to form a refrigerant cycle. The hydrogen gas flow from the hot end outlet of the vortex tube component exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the first evaporator to achieve the first-stage precooling of the hydrogen gas flow. The second-stage precooling unit includes a second evaporator, a second throttle valve, an intercooler, a second compressor, a third throttle valve, a second condenser, and a third compressor. The intercooler includes a first inlet, a second inlet, a third inlet, a first outlet, and a second outlet. Among them, the second evaporator, the second compressor, the first inlet of the intercooler, the first outlet of the intercooler, the third compressor, the second condenser, the second inlet of the intercooler, the second outlet of the intercooler, and the second throttle valve are connected in series and communicated in sequence to form the main cycle of the second precooling unit; and the third inlet of the intercooler, the first outlet of the intercooler, the third compressor, the second condenser, and the third throttle valve are connected in series in sequence to form the auxiliary cycle of the second precooling unit. In the intercooler, the refrigerant fluids of the main cycle and the auxiliary cycle converge and then jointly flow through the first outlet of the intercooler to the third compressor; in the second evaporator, the hydrogen gas flow from the cold end outlet of the vortex tube component exchanges heat with the hydrogen gas flow from the first precooling unit and the refrigerant to achieve precooling.

[0011] Preferably, the hydrogen gas flow and the refrigerant flow in the first evaporator flow in reverse directions for heat exchange, and the hydrogen gas flow and the refrigerant flow in the second evaporator flow in reverse directions for heat exchange; in this way, the temperature difference between the refrigerant flow and the hydrogen gas flow on the entire flow path does not change much, maintaining a relatively uniform heat exchange efficiency, so that the temperature distribution of the equipment housing of the first evaporator and the second evaporator is relatively balanced, avoiding local overcooling or local overheating phenomena for a long time, which affects the heat exchange effect.

[0012] The hydrogen gas is precooled to room temperature in the first evaporator and precooled to -40 °C in the second evaporator.

[0013] Furthermore, the high-pressure hydrogen gas output end includes a hydrogen filling gun assembly, and the hydrogen filling gun assembly fills the precooled hydrogen gas from the second evaporator into the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage cylinder.

[0014] Furthermore, the vortex tube component may include a plurality of parallel ones. The pipelines at the cold end outlets of the vortex tube components of the plurality of vortex tube components converge and then jointly communicate with the second-stage precooling unit, and the pipelines at the hot end outlets of the vortex tube components of the plurality of vortex tube components converge and then jointly communicate with the first-stage precooling unit. The pressure at the inlet of the vortex tube component is equal to the hydrogen gas pressure input by the high-pressure hydrogen gas input end, generally fixed at 90 MPa, and the pressure at the cold end outlet of the vortex tube component can be adjusted according to the pressure required for hydrogen filling of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen cylinder.

[0015] Furthermore, in the second-stage precooling unit, the outlet pressure of the second compressor is less than the outlet pressure of the third compressor.

[0016] Compared with the existing traditional two - stage precooling system, the advantages of this invention patent are as follows:

[0017] Based on the improvement of the traditional two - stage precooling system, it retains the advantages of large processing capacity and abundant cooling capacity of the traditional two - stage precooling system. At the same time, it integrates a vortex tube. Instead of directly using a throttle valve to throttle hydrogen, it throttles the refrigerant for refrigeration, effectively reducing the power consumption of the precooling unit;

[0018] In the second - stage precooling unit, the refrigerant fluid is split to form a main cycle and an auxiliary cycle respectively. The refrigerant in the auxiliary cycle further cools the refrigerant in the main cycle, providing sufficient cooling capacity for the refrigerant finally flowing into the second evaporator without substantially increasing the total number of devices, thus not increasing the complexity of the overall process system. Moreover, compared with the traditional two - stage precooling system, it effectively improves the coefficient of performance (COP) and reduces energy consumption. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is the overall process schematic diagram of the two - stage precooling hydrogenation system integrating a vortex tube of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 is the power consumption comparison diagram of the two - stage precooling hydrogenation system integrating a vortex tube of the present invention and the traditional two - stage precooling system under different pressure ratios;

[0021] Figure 3 is the COP comparison diagram of the two - stage precooling hydrogenation system integrating a vortex tube of the present invention and the traditional two - stage precooling system under different pressure ratios;

[0022] In the figure: 1. High - pressure hydrogen input end; 2. Vortex tube component; 3. First - stage precooling unit; 4. Second - stage precooling unit; 5. High - pressure hydrogen output end;

[0023] 2.1. Entrance of the vortex tube component, 2.2. Hot - end outlet of the vortex tube component, 2.3. Cold - end outlet of the vortex tube component;

[0024] 3.1. First evaporator, 3.2. First throttle valve, 3.3. First condenser, 3.4. First compressor;

[0025] 4.1. Second evaporator, 4.2. Second throttle valve, 4.3. Inter - cooler, 4.4. Second compressor, 4.5. Third throttle valve, 4.6. Second condenser, 4.7. Third compressor;

[0026] 5.1. Hydrogenation gun assembly, 5.2. On - vehicle hydrogen storage cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0027] Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention and should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0028] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. are for simplified description and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "mounted", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0030] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the secondary pre-cooling hydrogenation system integrating a vortex tube of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the secondary pre-cooling hydrogenation system integrating a vortex tube of the present invention includes a high-pressure hydrogen input end 1 and a high-pressure hydrogen output end 5. A secondary pre-cooling system integrating a vortex tube is provided on the connecting pipeline between the two to pre-cool the hydrogen flow. The secondary pre-cooling system integrating a vortex tube includes a vortex tube component 2, a first-stage pre-cooling unit 3 and a second-stage pre-cooling unit 4. The high-pressure hydrogen input end 1 is connected to the vortex tube component inlet 2.1 of the vortex tube component 2. The cold-end outlet 2.3 of the vortex tube component is further pre-cooled by the second-stage pre-cooling unit 4 and then connected to the high-pressure hydrogen output end 5. The hot-end outlet 2.2 of the vortex tube component is first connected to the first-stage pre-cooling unit 3 for pre-cooling, and then connected to the second-stage pre-cooling unit 4 for re-pre-cooling and then connected to the high-pressure hydrogen output end 5.

[0031] See Figure 1, the first-stage precooling unit 3 includes a first evaporator 3.1, a first throttle valve 3.2, a first condenser 3.3 and a first compressor 3.4. The refrigerant outlet of the first evaporator 3.1 is communicated with the inlet of the first compressor 3.4. The first compressor 3.4 recompresses the circulating refrigerant to become superheated steam. The outlet of the first compressor 3.4 is communicated to the first condenser 3.3. The compressed and pressurized refrigerant exchanges heat with the atmospheric environment in the first condenser 3.3, and the refrigerant superheated steam cools down to become liquid refrigerant. The outlet of the first condenser 3.3 is communicated back to the refrigerant inlet of the first evaporator 3.1 after passing through the first throttle valve 3.2 and becomes low-temperature refrigerant after being decompressed by the first throttle valve 3.2. The low-temperature refrigerant enters the first evaporator 3.1 to exchange heat with the high-temperature hydrogen separated from the hot end outlet 2.2 of the vortex tube component and reduces it to room temperature.

[0032] The second-stage precooling unit 4 includes a second evaporator 4.1, a second throttle valve 4.2, an intercooler 4.3, a second compressor 4.4, a third throttle valve 4.5, a second condenser 4.6, and a third compressor 4.7. The second evaporator 4.1 includes a first hydrogen inlet, a second hydrogen inlet and a refrigerant inlet. The first hydrogen inlet allows the low-temperature hydrogen separated from the cold end outlet 2.3 of the vortex tube component to enter the second evaporator 4.1 for further cooling and then is communicated to the high-pressure hydrogen output end through the first hydrogen outlet; the second hydrogen inlet allows the hydrogen cooled to room temperature from the first evaporator 3.1 to enter the second evaporator 4.1 for continuous cooling and then is communicated to the high-pressure hydrogen output end through the second hydrogen outlet; the refrigerant inlet allows low-temperature refrigerant to enter the second evaporator 4.1 to provide cooling capacity.

[0033] The refrigerant outlet of the second evaporator 4.1 is connected to the inlet of the second compressor 4.4. Preferably, the second compressor 4.4 is a low-pressure compressor. The refrigerant fluid is compressed to an intermediate pressure in the second compressor 4.4 and becomes superheated refrigerant vapor. The outlet of the second compressor 4.4 is connected to the first inlet of the intercooler 4.3. The superheated refrigerant vapor is cooled to dry saturated vapor in the intercooler 4.3. The dry saturated vapor and another part of the refrigerant are connected to the inlet of the third compressor 4.7 through the first outlet of the intercooler 4.3. Preferably, the third compressor 4.7 is a high-pressure compressor. It is compressed into superheated vapor in the third compressor 4.7 and then enters the second condenser 4.6 through the outlet of the third compressor 4.7. It exchanges heat with the atmospheric environment in the second condenser 4.6 and becomes liquid refrigerant. The outlet pipeline of the second condenser 4.6 is respectively connected to the third throttle valve 4.5 and the second inlet of the intercooler 4.3, dividing the refrigerant into two fluid streams. The first refrigerant stream is throttled and cooled by the third throttle valve 4.5 and then enters the third inlet of the intercooler 4.3, providing cooling capacity for the second refrigerant stream entering from the second inlet of the intercooler 4.3 in the intercooler 4.3, exchanging heat with it to become subcooled refrigerant, and the first refrigerant stream provides cooling capacity for the superheated refrigerant vapor entering from the first inlet of the intercooler 4.3, cooling it to dry saturated vapor and mixing with it to jointly enter the third compressor 4.7; the second refrigerant stream entering from the second inlet of the intercooler 4.3 exchanges heat to become subcooled refrigerant and then is connected to the second throttle valve 4.2 through the second outlet of the intercooler 4.3, and is depressurized by the second throttle valve 4.2 to become low-temperature refrigerant. The low-temperature refrigerant re-enters the second evaporator 4.1 to exchange heat with the low-temperature hydrogen separated from the cold end outlet 2.3 of the vortex tube component and the normal-temperature hydrogen cooled by the first-stage precooling unit 3, reducing its temperature to -40°C.

[0034] Through the intercooler 4.3, part of the refrigerant undergoes secondary cooling through self-circulation, providing sufficient cooling capacity for the second evaporator 4.1 without substantially increasing the total number of devices, thus not increasing the complexity of the overall process system.

[0035] In other embodiments, the refrigerant flow and the hydrogen flow inside the first evaporator 3.1 and the second evaporator 4.1 are set to flow in opposite directions. In this way, the temperature difference between the refrigerant flow and the hydrogen flow in the entire flow path does not change much, maintaining a relatively uniform heat exchange efficiency, so that the temperature distribution of the equipment housing of the first evaporator 3.1 and the second evaporator 4.1 is relatively balanced, avoiding local overcooling or local overheating phenomena for a long time.

[0036] The high-pressure hydrogen output end 5 includes a hydrogen filling gun assembly 5.1 and a vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage cylinder 5.2. When the hydrogen filling gun assembly 5.1 needs to fill the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage cylinder 5.2 with gas, high-pressure hydrogen at 90 MPa and 10 °C enters the vortex tube component 2 from the high-pressure hydrogen input end 1, and is separated into two parts by the energy separation effect of the vortex tube component: high-temperature hydrogen at the hot end outlet and low-temperature hydrogen at the cold end outlet; the low-temperature hydrogen directly enters the second-stage precooling unit 4 to cool the hydrogen to -40 °C, while the high-temperature hydrogen is cooled to room temperature (about 10 °C) by the first-stage precooling unit 3 and then enters the second-stage precooling unit 4 to cool the hydrogen to -40 °C. The high-pressure hydrogen after being cooled by the second-stage precooling unit 4 fills the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage cylinder 5.2 through the hydrogen filling gun assembly 5.1 in the high-pressure hydrogen output end 5.

[0037] In this embodiment, the inlet pressure of the vortex tube component 2 is equal to the hydrogen pressure input from the high-pressure hydrogen input end, fixed at 90 MPa, and the cold end outlet pressure changes continuously according to the pressure required for vehicle-mounted hydrogen cylinder hydrogen filling.

[0038] Figure 2 It is a comparison chart of the power consumption of the two-stage precooling hydrogenation system integrating a vortex tube and the traditional two-stage precooling system under different pressure ratio conditions. Figure 3 It is a comparison chart of the COP of the two-stage precooling hydrogenation system integrating a vortex tube and the traditional two-stage precooling system under different pressure ratio conditions. Both are actual simulation calculation results; from Figure 2 It can be seen that when both systems precool hydrogen from 10 °C to -40 °C, the refrigerating capacity of the two systems remains the same. As the pressure ratio decreases, the refrigerating capacity of the system gradually decreases (where P1 is the simulation calculation data of the traditional two-stage precooling system, and P2 is the simulation calculation data of the two-stage precooling hydrogenation system integrating a vortex tube of the present invention); at the same time, as the pressure ratio π decreases during the hydrogenation process, the power consumption of the two systems also gradually decreases. Comparing the power consumption of the two systems under the same refrigerating capacity, taking the pressure ratio of 10 as an example, the refrigerating capacity provided by both systems is 352.41 KW. The power consumption of the two-stage precooling hydrogenation system integrating a vortex tube of the present invention is 192.49 KW, while the power consumption of the traditional two-stage hydrogenation precooling system is 214.92 KW. The present invention improves the traditional two-stage precooling system by integrating a vortex tube, making the new system proposed by the present invention energy-saving by 10.4%. Under other pressure ratio conditions, through Figure 2 In the simulation calculation data, it can also be intuitively seen that under the same refrigerating capacity, the power consumption of the system of the present invention is significantly lower than that of the traditional two-stage precooling system.

[0039] Figure 3Shows the comparison of the system COP (Coefficient of Performance) between the secondary pre-cooling hydrogenation system integrated with a vortex tube provided by the present invention and the traditional secondary hydrogenation pre-cooling system under different pressure ratios. Among them, COP1 is the simulation calculation data of the traditional secondary pre-cooling system, and COP2 is the simulation calculation data of the secondary pre-cooling hydrogenation system integrated with a vortex tube of the present invention. It can be seen that as the pressure ratio π decreases, the COPs of both the traditional secondary pre-cooling system and the secondary pre-cooling hydrogenation system integrated with a vortex tube gradually decrease. Taking the data at a pressure ratio of 10 as an example for comparing the COPs of the two systems, the COP1 of the traditional secondary pre-cooling system is 1.64, and the COP2 of the secondary pre-cooling hydrogenation system integrated with a vortex tube of the present invention is 1.83. The COP of the new system provided by the present invention is increased by 11.7% compared with the traditional secondary system. Moreover, referring to Figure 3 , under other pressure ratio conditions and with the same refrigerating capacity, the system COP of the present invention is also significantly higher than that of the traditional secondary pre-cooling system.

[0040] Through Figure 2 and Figure 3 it can be seen that compared with the traditional secondary hydrogenation pre-cooling system, the secondary pre-cooling hydrogenation system integrated with a vortex tube proposed by the present invention has significant advantages in reducing power consumption and increasing COP.

[0041] Although the specific implementation manners of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is not a limitation to the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that based on the technical solutions of the present invention, various equivalent structural or equivalent process modifications or deformations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative efforts, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A two-stage precooling hydrogenation system integrated with a vortex tube, comprising a high-pressure hydrogen input end and a high-pressure hydrogen output end, characterized in that, A secondary precooling system integrated with a vortex tube is provided on the pipeline between the high-pressure hydrogen input end and the high-pressure hydrogen output end to precool the hydrogen flow; The secondary precooling system integrated with the vortex tube includes a vortex tube component, a first-stage precooling unit, and a second-stage precooling unit. The vortex tube component includes a vortex tube component inlet, a vortex tube component cold-end outlet, and a vortex tube component hot-end outlet; the high-pressure hydrogen input end is communicated with the vortex tube component inlet; the vortex tube component cold-end outlet is communicated to the second-stage precooling unit, and after the hydrogen is precooled in the second-stage precooling unit, it is communicated to the high-pressure hydrogen output end; the vortex tube component hot-end outlet is communicated to the first-stage precooling unit, and after the hydrogen is precooled at the first stage in the first-stage precooling unit, it is communicated to the second-stage precooling unit, and after further precooling in the second-stage precooling unit, it is communicated to the high-pressure hydrogen output end.

2. The secondary pre-cooling hydrogenation system integrated with a vortex tube according to claim 1, further characterized in that The first-stage precooling unit includes a first evaporator, a first compressor, a first condenser, and a first throttle valve that are connected in series in sequence to form a refrigerant cycle. The hydrogen flow from the vortex tube component hot-end outlet exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the first evaporator to achieve the first-stage precooling of the hydrogen flow.

3. The secondary pre-cooling hydrogenation system integrated with a vortex tube according to claim 2, further characterized in that, The second-stage precooling unit includes a second evaporator, a second throttle valve, an intercooler, a second compressor, a third throttle valve, a second condenser, and a third compressor. The intercooler includes a first inlet, a second inlet, a third inlet, a first outlet, and a second outlet. Among them, the second evaporator, the second compressor, the first inlet of the intercooler, the first outlet of the intercooler, the third compressor, the second condenser, the second inlet of the intercooler, the second outlet of the intercooler, and the second throttle valve are connected in series in sequence to form the main cycle of the second-stage precooling unit; and the third inlet of the intercooler, the first outlet of the intercooler, the third compressor, the second condenser, and the third throttle valve are connected in series in sequence to form the auxiliary cycle of the second-stage precooling unit. In the intercooler, the refrigerant fluids of the main cycle and the auxiliary cycle converge and then jointly flow through the first outlet of the intercooler to the third compressor; In the second evaporator, the hydrogen flow from the vortex tube component cold-end outlet exchanges heat with the hydrogen flow from the first-stage precooling unit and the refrigerant to achieve precooling.

4. The secondary pre-cooling hydrogenation system integrated with a vortex tube according to claim 2, further characterized in that, The hydrogen flow and the refrigerant flow in the first evaporator flow in reverse directions for heat exchange.

5. The secondary pre-cooling hydrogenation system integrated with a vortex tube according to claim 3, further characterized in that, The hydrogen flow and the refrigerant flow in the second evaporator flow in reverse directions for heat exchange.

6. The secondary pre-cooling hydrogenation system integrated with a vortex tube according to claim 3, further characterized in that, In the first evaporator, the hydrogen is precooled to room temperature, and in the second evaporator, the hydrogen is precooled to -40°C.

7. The secondary pre-cooling hydrogenation system integrated with a vortex tube according to claim 3, further characterized in that, The high-pressure hydrogen output end includes a hydrogen filling gun assembly, and the hydrogen filling gun assembly fills the precooled hydrogen from the second evaporator into the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage cylinder.

8. The secondary pre-cooling hydrogenation system integrated with a vortex tube according to claim 1, further characterized in that, The vortex tube components include a plurality of them connected in parallel. The pipelines of the vortex tube component cold-end outlets of the plurality of vortex tube components converge and then are jointly communicated to the second-stage precooling unit. The pipelines of the vortex tube component hot-end outlets of the plurality of vortex tube components converge and then are jointly communicated to the first-stage precooling unit.

9. The secondary pre-cooling hydrogenation system integrated with a vortex tube according to claim 1 or 8, further characterized in that, The pressure at the vortex tube component inlet is equal to the hydrogen pressure input at the high-pressure hydrogen input end, and the pressure at the vortex tube component cold-end outlet can be adjusted according to the pressure required for hydrogen filling of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen cylinder.

10. The secondary pre-cooling hydrogenation system integrated with a vortex tube according to claim 3, further characterized in that, The outlet pressure of the second compressor is less than the outlet pressure of the third compressor.

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