Preparation Method and Application of Feed from Residue of Pharyngitis Tablets

Abstract

The present invention provides a feed and its preparation method and application. The method for preparing the feed includes subjecting the residues of pharyngitis tablets to biologic fermentation treatment. After the biologic fermentation treatment, the palatability of the residues of pharyngitis tablets is significantly improved, and the feeding and digestion and utilization efficiency of animals are increased. The fermented residues of the tablets significantly enhance their nutritional value and increase the content of active ingredients. They are safe and have a probiotic effect, and can be used as a new type of feed resource to meet the production needs of ruminants. Moreover, the fermented residues of the tablets have a certain preventive and adjuvant therapeutic effect on ruminant pneumonia, with broad application prospects, providing an effective way for the resource utilization of waste residue feed, and being of great significance for improving the breeding production efficiency and promoting the green development of the livestock industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of feeds. Specifically, the present invention relates to a preparation method and application of a feed from the residue of pharyngitis tablets. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the Chinese medicine industry in China has developed rapidly, and the industrial scale has been continuously expanding. Chinese medicinal materials and their extracts, as natural products, have broad development prospects. The remaining residues after effective extraction have increasingly attracted the attention of researchers. According to relevant data statistics, the total annual output of waste such as medicinal residues in China is about 30 million tons, and they are often disposed of in simple and crude ways such as open-air stacking, incineration, and landfill, which not only pollute water quality, air, and soil, but also cause huge waste of Chinese medicine resources. In addition, affected by factors such as processing purposes, production methods, and process conditions, the medicinal residues still contain various nutrients and active ingredients, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, crude protein, polysaccharides, and alkaloids.

[0003] At present, there are few research reports on how to use the residue of pharyngitis tablets as ruminant feed. If a breakthrough can be made in this research direction, it will be of great significance to the recycling of medicinal residues and the development of the breeding industry. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least to some extent the technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] In one aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing a feed is proposed. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method includes: performing biological fermentation treatment on the residue of pharyngitis tablets. After the biological fermentation treatment of the residue of pharyngitis tablets, the palatability is significantly improved, and the feeding and digestion and utilization efficiency of animals are increased. The fermented residue of pharyngitis tablets significantly improves its nutritional value and increases the content of active ingredients, is safe and has a probiotic effect, and can be used as a new type of feed resource to meet the production needs of ruminants. Moreover, the fermented residue has a certain preventive or adjuvant therapeutic effect on ruminant pneumonia, has broad application prospects, provides an effective way for the resource utilization of waste medicinal residues, and is of great significance for improving the breeding production efficiency and promoting the green development of the livestock industry.

[0006] In another aspect of the present invention, a feed is proposed. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the feed is obtained by the method for preparing a feed described above. The feed according to an embodiment of the present invention is rich in nutrients and active ingredients, is safe to use and has a probiotic effect, and can be used as a feed raw material for animal growth and development. Moreover, it has a certain preventive or adjuvant therapeutic effect on ruminant pneumonia, has high application value, and is of great significance for the recycling of medicinal residues and the development of the breeding industry.

[0007] In yet another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the use of the medicinal residues of pharyngitis tablets in the preparation of feed. According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the feed, the fibrous feed raw materials in at least part of the compound feed for ruminants are replaced with the medicinal residues of pharyngitis tablets that have been pre-treated by biological fermentation. During the biological fermentation process of the medicinal residues of pharyngitis tablets, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber can be degraded, improving the palatability of the feed. Thus, the fibrous feed raw materials in the compound feed for ruminants can be replaced, enhancing the application value of the feed.

[0008] In yet another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the use of the medicinal residues of pharyngitis tablets in the preparation of feed. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the feed is used for preventing or treating pneumonia in ruminants. The fermented medicinal residues obtained after the fermentation treatment of the medicinal residues of pharyngitis tablets are rich in nutrients and active ingredients, are safe to use and have a probiotic effect, and can be used as feed raw materials for the growth and development of animals. Moreover, it has a certain preventive or adjuvant therapeutic effect on pneumonia in ruminants, with high application value, which is of great significance for the recycling of medicinal residues and the development of the aquaculture industry.

[0009] In yet another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the use of a kind of medicinal residues of pharyngitis tablets in the preparation of feed. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the feed is used for promoting the growth of ruminants. The fermented medicinal residues obtained after the fermentation treatment of the medicinal residues of pharyngitis tablets are rich in nutrients and active ingredients, which can effectively promote the growth of ruminants, and are of great significance for the recycling of medicinal residues and the development of the aquaculture industry.

[0010] In yet another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for feeding ruminants. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method includes: feeding the ruminants with the aforementioned feed. As described above, the feed of the present invention is rich in nutrients and active ingredients, is safe to use and has a probiotic effect, and can be used as feed raw materials for the growth and development of animals.

[0011] The additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description, will become apparent in part from the following description, or will be understood through the practice of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0012] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. The embodiments described below are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0013] Method for Preparing Feed

[0014] In one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for preparing feed. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method includes: performing biological fermentation treatment on the medicinal residues of pharyngitis tablets.

[0015] If Chinese medicine residues are directly fed without treatment, their strong medicinal taste, high fiber content, poor palatability and other characteristics will affect animal feeding, digestion and utilization. Furthermore, the inventor pre-treated the medicine residues by biological fermentation, which significantly improved the palatability and increased the efficiency of animal feeding, digestion and utilization. The fermented medicine residues significantly enhanced their nutritional value and increased the content of active ingredients. They are safe and have probiotic effects, and can be used as a new type of feed resource to meet the production needs of ruminants and promote growth. Moreover, the fermented medicine residues have a certain auxiliary preventive and therapeutic effect on ruminant pneumonia, with broad application prospects, providing an effective way for the resource utilization of waste medicine residues as feed, and being of great significance for improving the breeding production efficiency and promoting the green development of the livestock industry.

[0016] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method for preparing the feed includes: using pharyngitis tablet medicine residues and water as fermentation raw materials to carry out fermentation treatment with a fermenting agent, and the fermenting agent is selected from at least one of cellulase, Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis; the initial water content in the fermentation raw materials is 40-60% by mass; the weight of the fermenting agent is 0.2-0.9% of the weight of the pharyngitis tablet medicine residues, preferably 0.3-0.7%; the temperature of the fermentation treatment is 35-40 °C, and the time is 24-72 hours.

[0017] The inventor found that the type and addition amount of the fermenting agent, the initial water content, the temperature and the time will significantly affect the composition of the fermented medicine residues, especially the content of nutritional components and bioactive substances, thus affecting the growth and development of ruminants, and will also have a certain impact on the efficacy of preventing / assisting in the treatment of pneumonia. Furthermore, the inventor obtained the above-mentioned preferred treatment conditions through a large number of experiments. Therefore, the content of nutritional components and bioactive substances in the obtained fermented medicine residues is relatively high, the animal growth and development is good, and the auxiliary preventive / therapeutic effect on pneumonia is good.

[0018] In some preferred embodiments, the method for preparing the feed includes: using pharyngitis tablet medicine residues and water as fermentation raw materials, using corn husk, soybean meal and wheat bran as fermentation auxiliaries, and controlling the initial water content in the fermentation raw materials to be 55%; fermenting the fermentation raw materials, fermentation auxiliaries and cellulase at 37 °C for 72 hours, and collecting the fermented medicine residues, wherein the weight of the cellulase is 0.5% of the weight of the pharyngitis tablet medicine residues.

[0019] In some other preferred embodiments, the method for preparing the feed includes: using pharyngitis tablet medicine residues and water as fermentation raw materials, using corn husk, soybean meal and wheat bran as fermentation auxiliaries, and controlling the initial water content in the fermentation raw materials to be 55%; fermenting the fermentation raw materials, fermentation auxiliaries, cellulase, Lactobacillus plantarum seed liquid and Bacillus subtilis seed liquid at 37 °C for 72 hours, and collecting the fermented medicine residues, wherein the weight of the cellulase is 0.5% of the weight of the pharyngitis tablet medicine residues, and the bacterial concentration of the Lactobacillus plantarum seed liquid is 5.75×10 9CFU / ml, the bacterial concentration of the Bacillus subtilis seed liquid is 5.75×10 8 CFU / ml, and the weights of the Lactobacillus plantarum seed liquid and the Bacillus subtilis seed liquid are respectively 0.2% of the weight of the pharyngitis tablet residue.

[0020] Using corn cob, soybean meal and wheat bran as fermentation adjuvants to provide nutrients such as carbon sources and nitrogen sources, etc., which is helpful for the growth and development of ruminants. Adopting the above fermentation treatment conditions can improve the nutrients and active ingredients in the fermented medicinal residues, which is helpful for better exerting the effects of promoting growth and assisting in preventing / treating animal pneumonia.

[0021] Feed

[0022] In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a feed. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the feed is obtained by the method for preparing feed described above. The feed according to the embodiment of the present invention has good palatability, high animal feeding and digestion and utilization efficiency, is rich in nutrients and active ingredients, is safe and has probiotic effects, and can be used as a new feed resource to meet the production needs of ruminants. Moreover, the fermented medicinal residues have a certain auxiliary preventive and therapeutic effect on ruminant pneumonia, have broad application prospects, provide an effective way for the resource utilization of waste medicinal residue feed, and are of great significance for improving the breeding production efficiency and promoting the green development of the livestock industry.

[0023] It should be noted that the features and advantages described above for the method for preparing feed also apply to this feed and will not be elaborated here.

[0024] Use of pharyngitis tablet residue in the preparation of feed

[0025] In yet another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the use of pharyngitis tablet residue in the preparation of feed. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the feed is used for preventing or assisting in treating pneumonia.

[0026] The inventors tried to use the residues of various drugs for treating human respiratory diseases after fermentation treatment as feed to feed cattle suffering from pneumonia, and found that the residues of not all drugs with therapeutic purposes for humans are suitable for treating cattle pneumonia. Through a large number of experiments, it was unexpectedly found that the pharyngitis tablet residue for treating human pharyngitis can assist traditional Chinese medicine or western medicine to better exert the curative effects of preventing or assisting in treating cattle pneumonia. Further, in order to make the content of nutrients and biological active substances in the fermented medicinal residues high, the inventors optimized the fermentation treatment conditions to obtain better fermentation treatment conditions.

[0027] The composition and acquisition method of the medicinal residues of pharyngitis tablets used in the present invention are well-known in the art. Specifically, reference can be made to the preparation method of pharyngitis tablets in the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia". The medicinal residues obtained after preparing pharyngitis tablets are the medicinal residues of pharyngitis tablets, which can be obtained by self-preparation, donation or purchase, etc. There are no strict limitations on the causes of pneumonia, which can be due to insufficient feeding management, poor milk quality of cows, not eating colostrum, low resistance, climate change, infection with viruses, bacteria or mycoplasma, etc.

[0028] In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention proposes the use of the medicinal residues of pharyngitis tablets in the preparation of feed. According to the embodiments of the present invention, the feed is used to promote the growth of ruminants.

[0029] In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention proposes the use of the medicinal residues of pharyngitis tablets in the preparation of feed. According to the embodiments of the present invention, at least part of the fibrous feed raw materials in the ruminant compound feed are replaced with the medicinal residues of pharyngitis tablets that have been pre-treated by biological fermentation. During the fermentation process of the medicinal residues of pharyngitis tablets, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber can be degraded, improving the palatability of the feed. Thus, the fibrous feed raw materials in the ruminant compound feed can be replaced, improving the application value of the feed.

[0030] In some embodiments, 5%, 8%, 10%, 15%, 20% of the fibrous feed raw materials in the ruminant compound feed are replaced with the medicinal residues of pharyngitis tablets that have been pre-treated by biological fermentation.

[0031] The term "ruminant" used in the present invention refers to a class of mammals with the habit of rumination, such as cows, sheep, deer, etc. According to the embodiments of the present invention, the ruminant is selected from cows. Using the fermented medicinal residues of pharyngitis tablets as a new feed raw material to replace the fibrous feed raw materials in the cow compound feed has a better curative effect on preventing or treating cow pneumonia.

[0032] It should be noted that in addition to containing the fermented medicinal residues of pharyngitis tablets, the feed of the present invention can also contain conventional feed raw materials for ruminants, so as to better meet the growth and development needs. The present invention does not strictly limit the composition of the conventional feed raw materials, and can be flexibly selected according to actual needs.

[0033] According to the embodiments of the present invention, the method for preparing the feed is selected from the methods for preparing the feed described above.

[0034] It should be noted that the features and advantages described above for the method of preparing the feed also apply to this use and will not be repeated here.

[0035] Method for feeding ruminants

[0036] In yet another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for feeding ruminants. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method includes: feeding the aforementioned feed to ruminants. As described above, the feed of the present invention is rich in nutrients and active ingredients, is safe to use, and can support the growth and development of animals, and is not intended for the prevention or treatment of diseases.

[0037] It should be noted that the features and advantages described above for the feed also apply to this method for feeding ruminants, and will not be elaborated herein.

[0038] The solution of the present invention will be explained below in conjunction with embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand that the following embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. For those not specifying specific techniques or conditions in the embodiments, the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications are followed. For reagents or instruments not indicating the manufacturer, they are all conventional products that can be obtained through commercial purchase.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] 1. Materials

[0041] Pharyngitis tablet residue: The residue remaining after the preparation of pharyngitis tablets, provided by Jilin Tonghua Xiuzheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

[0042] Cellulase preparation, commercially available, with an enzyme activity of 20000 U / g.

[0043] 2. Steps

[0044] Experimental group: Using pharyngitis tablet residue and water as fermentation raw materials, and corn husk, soybean meal and wheat bran as fermentation auxiliary materials, controlling the initial water content in the fermentation raw materials to be 55% of the total amount of fermentation raw materials.

[0045] Mix the fermentation raw materials and fermentation auxiliary materials (fermentation raw materials accounting for 80%, fermentation auxiliary materials accounting for 20%) to obtain a mixed material liquid, and then ferment 940.67 g of the mixed material liquid with 1.8 g (0.5% of the dry pharyngitis tablet residue) of cellulase preparation at a fermentation temperature of 37°C for 72 hours to obtain a fermentation product.

[0046] Blank control group, the steps are as follows: Mix pharyngitis tablet residue, water, corn husk, soybean meal and wheat bran, control the initial water content in the mixed material liquid to be 55% (based on the pharyngitis tablet residue), and then ferment 940.67 g of the mixed material liquid at a fermentation temperature of 37°C for 72 hours to obtain a fermentation product.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] 1. Materials

[0049] Pharyngitis tablet residue: The residue remaining after the preparation of pharyngitis tablets, provided by Jilin Tonghua Xiuzheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

[0050] Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis: Commercially available, with the total viable count ≥ 5×10 8 CFU / mL.

[0051] MRS medium: 10 g of peptone, 10 g of beef extract, 5 g of yeast extract powder, 20 g of glucose, 2 g of diammonium hydrogen citrate, 2 g of K2HPO4, 2 g of sodium acetate, 0.25 g of MnSO4·4H2O, 0.58 g of MgSO4·7H2O, 1 mL of Tween 80 dissolved in 1 L of distilled water.

[0052] LB medium: 10 g of peptone, 5 g of yeast extract powder, 5 g of sodium chloride, dissolved in 1 L of distilled water.

[0053] 2. Steps

[0054] (1) Inoculate Lactobacillus plantarum into MRS medium for activation culture to obtain a seed solution; inoculate Bacillus subtilis into LB medium for activation culture to obtain a seed solution.

[0055] (2) Use pharyngitis tablet residue and water as fermentation raw materials, and use corn bran, soybean meal and wheat bran as fermentation accessories. Control the initial water content in the fermentation raw materials to be 55% of the total amount of fermentation raw materials.

[0056] Mix the fermentation raw materials and fermentation accessories (fermentation raw materials account for 80%, fermentation accessories account for 20%) to obtain a mixed material liquid. Then, ferment 940.67 g of the mixed material liquid, 1 mL of Lactobacillus plantarum seed solution (5.75×10 9 CFU, the weight of the seed solution accounts for 0.2% of the weight of the pharyngitis tablet residue) and 1 mL of Bacillus subtilis seed solution (5.75×10 8 CFU, the weight of the seed solution accounts for 0.2% of the weight of the pharyngitis tablet residue). The fermentation temperature is 37°C and the time is 72 hours to obtain a fermentation product.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] 1. Materials

[0059] Pharyngitis tablet residue: The residue remaining after the preparation of pharyngitis tablets, provided by Jilin Tonghua Xiuzheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

[0060] Cellulase preparation, commercially available, with an enzyme activity of 20000 U / g.

[0061] Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis: Commercially available, with the total viable count ≥ 5×10 8 CFU / mL.

[0062] MRS medium: 10 g of peptone, 10 g of beef extract, 5 g of yeast extract powder, 20 g of glucose, 2 g of diammonium hydrogen citrate, 2 g of K2HPO4, 2 g of sodium acetate, 0.25 g of MnSO4·4H2O, 0.58 g of MgSO4·7H2O, 1 mL of Tween 80, dissolved in 1 L of distilled water.

[0063] LB medium: 10 g of peptone, 5 g of yeast extract powder, 5 g of sodium chloride, dissolved in 1 L of distilled water.

[0064] 2. Steps

[0065] (1) Inoculate Lactobacillus plantarum into MRS medium for activation culture to obtain a seed solution; inoculate Bacillus subtilis into LB medium for activation culture to obtain a seed solution.

[0066] (2) Use pharyngitis tablet residue and water as fermentation raw materials, and use corncob, soybean meal and wheat bran as fermentation auxiliary materials. Control the initial water content in the fermentation raw materials to be 55% of the total amount of fermentation raw materials.

[0067] Mix the fermentation raw materials and fermentation auxiliary materials (fermentation raw materials account for 80%, fermentation auxiliary materials account for 20%) to obtain a mixed material liquid. Then, mix 940.67 g of the mixed material liquid, 1.8 g (0.5% of pharyngitis tablet residue) of cellulase preparation, 1 mL of Lactobacillus plantarum seed solution (5.75×10 9 CFU, the weight of the seed solution accounts for 0.2% of the weight of pharyngitis tablet residue) and 1 mL of Bacillus subtilis seed solution (5.75×10 8 CFU, the weight of the seed solution accounts for 0.2% of the weight of pharyngitis tablet residue) for fermentation treatment. The fermentation temperature is 37°C and the time is 72 hours to obtain a fermentation treatment product.

[0068] Example 4

[0069] 1. Materials

[0070] Pharyngitis tablet residue: The remaining residue after the preparation of pharyngitis tablets, provided by Jilin Tonghua Xiuzheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

[0071] Cellulase preparation, commercially available, with an enzyme activity of 20000 U / g.

[0072] 2. Steps

[0073] Use pharyngitis tablet residue and water as fermentation raw materials, and use corncob, soybean meal and wheat bran as fermentation auxiliary materials. Control the initial water content in the fermentation raw materials to be 45% of the total amount of fermentation raw materials.

[0074] Mix the fermentation raw materials and fermentation auxiliary materials (the fermentation raw materials account for 80% and the fermentation auxiliary materials account for 20%) to obtain a mixed liquid, and then ferment 940.67 g of the mixed liquid with 1.8 g (0.5% pharyngitis tablet residue) of cellulase preparation at a fermentation temperature of 37 °C for 48 hours to obtain a fermentation product.

[0075] Test Example

[0076] I. Analyze and detect the fermentation products prepared in Examples 1 to 4. The specific analysis methods are as follows:

[0077] (1) Chemical composition analysis

[0078] Weigh 10 g of the fermentation product and place it in a conical flask (with a capacity of 250 mL). Add 90 mL of distilled water to the conical flask and mix well. Then filter with gauze and take the filtrate into a beaker, and measure the pH with a pH meter (Leici, model PHS-3C, No. 02220128).

[0079] The dry matter content of the fermentation product is determined by the constant temperature drying method with reference to GB / T6435-2006; the crude protein content is determined by the Kjeldahl method with reference to the method of GB / T6432-1994; the crude fat content is determined by the Soxhlet extraction method with reference to the method of GB / T 6433-2006; the crude fiber content is determined by the filter bag method with reference to the method of GB / T6434-2006; the neutral detergent fiber content is determined by the filter bag method with reference to the method of GB / T 20806-2006, and the acid detergent fiber content is determined by the filter bag method with reference to the method of NY / T 1459-2007; the crude ash content is determined by the ignition method with reference to the method of GB / T6438-1992.

[0080] (2) Determination of bioactive components and safety indicators

[0081] The reducing sugar content is determined by the micro method, strictly in accordance with the kit instructions. The kit is purchased from Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd.

[0082] The flavonoid content is determined by visible spectrophotometry, strictly in accordance with the kit instructions. The kit is purchased from Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd.

[0083] The alkaloid content is determined by spectrophotometry, strictly in accordance with the kit instructions. The kit is purchased from Jiangsu Keming Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0084] The vomitoxin content is determined by double antibody one-step sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), strictly in accordance with the kit instructions. The kit is purchased from Shanghai Youxuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0085] The determination of aflatoxin B1 content was carried out by double-antibody one-step sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which was strictly determined according to the kit instructions. The kit was purchased from Shanghai Youxuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0086] (3) Data processing

[0087] The data was preliminarily processed using Excel 2010. One-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) was used for single-factor experiments, and Duncan's method was used for multiple comparisons. The data was expressed as "mean ± standard deviation". When P < 0.05, it indicated a significant difference, and when P > 0.05, it indicated no significant difference.

[0088] (4) Result analysis

[0089] A. The inventors initially chose enzyme preparations as fermentation agents for research. The research objects were the combination of cellulase and xylanase at a ratio of 1:1, cellulase, xylanase, and no enzyme preparation was added as a blank control group. The experimental steps were the same as those in Example 1.

[0090] The results showed that compared with the blank control group, the NDF content in the cellulase group, xylanase group, and the 1:1 mixture of cellulase and xylanase decreased by 14.94%, 7.60%, and 12.85% respectively; the ADF decreased by 10.28%, 6.22%, and 9.61% respectively; the CP increased by 10.44%, 15.25%, and 9.79% respectively. Overall, the effect of cellulase was better, and cellulase was selected as the candidate fermentation agent.

[0091] B. After using cellulase as the candidate fermentation agent, the nutritional value evaluation and detection of bioactive components were further carried out on cellulase, compound bacterial agent, and the synergistic effect of enzyme + compound bacterial agent. The results are shown in Table 1. After the addition of cellulase and compound bacterial agent, the fiber content of the medicinal residues was affected. After treatment with the enzyme preparation, the CF, NDF, and ADF contents decreased by 0.59%, 8.72%, and 1.64% respectively compared with the blank control group, indicating that the nutritional components of the medicinal residues can be optimized and the quality of the medicinal residues can be improved after fermentation.

[0092] Compared with the blank control group, the DM content in the enzyme preparation treatment group, bacterial preparation treatment group, and enzyme-bacteria mixed preparation treatment group increased by 0.43%, 0.09%, and 3.35% respectively, indicating that the control of fermentation moisture content was better and conducive to improving the fermentation quality.

[0093] Bioactive indicators such as flavonoids, reducing sugars, and alkaloids are important indicators for testing the quality of fermentation. In this experiment, it was measured that the flavonoid content in the enzyme preparation treatment group increased by 34.70%, 39.50%, and 60.0% compared with the blank control group, the bacterial preparation treatment group, and the enzyme-bacteria mixed treatment group. After treatment with the enzyme preparation, the reducing sugar content in the medicinal residues increased by 101.3%, 92.66%, and 18.72% compared with the control group, the bacterial preparation treatment group, and the enzyme-bacteria mixed treatment group respectively, indicating that the addition of an appropriate amount of enzyme preparation has an obvious positive effect on the degradation and conversion of cellulose into reducing sugars. Alkaloids are a class of nitrogen-containing basic organic compounds commonly found in plants. In this experiment, the fermentation process had no significant effect on the alkaloid and lactic acid contents.

[0094] Since cellulase in the experimental results was significantly superior to the control group and other experimental groups in terms of degrading crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and increasing the content of flavonoids and reducing sugars, the treatment effect of cellulase preparation was determined to be better based on the above results. Secondly, the combined action of cellulase and compound bacteria was better.

[0095] Table 1 Analysis of Fermentation Treatment Products

[0096]

[0097]

[0098] Note: Different lowercase letters in the superscript of the same row of data indicate significant differences (P<0.05), and no letters indicate no significant differences (P>0.05).

[0099] C. The analysis results of the fermented medicinal residues of Example 4 are shown in Table 2. It can be seen that the contents of crude fiber CF, neutral detergent fiber NDF, and acid detergent fiber ADF in the fermented medicinal residues of Example 1 are all lower than those of Example 4, and the total content of active substances such as flavonoids, reducing sugars, and alkaloids is higher than that of Example 4. Therefore, it shows that the fermentation effect is better when the initial water content is 55% (calculated based on the medicinal residues of pharyngitis tablets), the fermentation temperature is 37°C, and the time is 72 hours.

[0100] Table 2 Analysis of the Results of the Fermented Medicinal Residues of Example 4

[0101]

[0102]

[0103] II. Animal Experiment Research

[0104] 1. Effects of Fermented Medicinal Residues of Pharyngitis Tablets on the Growth Performance of Fattening Beef Cattle and Economic Benefit Analysis

[0105] 1.1 Test Methods and Feeding Management

[0106] Twenty-four male Simmental beef cattle at the fattening stage, similar in age and healthy, with an average weight of 358.54 ± 65.63 kg, were randomly divided into 4 groups, with 6 replicates in each group and 1 head in each replicate. There was no significant difference in body weight among groups (P > 0.05). Among them, the basal diet group and the experimental groups were fed the experimental diets. In the experimental groups, the experimental diet concentrates with 10% corn hulls replaced by pharyngitis tablet residues fermented without fermenting agent (i.e., without adding fermenting agent during the fermentation process, and the fermentation conditions were the same as in Example 1), fermented with enzyme preparation (Example 1), and fermented with enzyme and fungus mixed preparation (Example 3). The composition and nutrient levels are shown in Table 3. The experimental diets were composed of concentrates and roughages mixed at a ratio of 50:50 according to the "Feeding Standards for Beef Cattle" in China. Among them, the roughages were composed of 25% straw and 75% rice straw.

[0107] 1.2 Determination and methods of growth performance indicators

[0108] On the morning before feeding on the 1st day and the last day of the experiment, the cattle were weighed on an empty stomach to calculate the total weight gain (TWG), average daily weight gain (ADG), and feed-to-gain ratio (F / G).

[0109] Table 3 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diet concentrates (air-dried basis)

[0110]

[0111]

[0112] 1) Each kilogram of premix contains VA 120,000 - 200,000 IU, VE ≥ 550 IU, D-biotin ≥ 0.3 mg, VD3 15,000 - 60,000 IU, VB3 ≥ 350 mg, Cu 0.16 - 0.5 g, Mn 0.6 - 2.4 g, Se 1.6 - 10 mg, Ca 100 - 200 g, Fe 0.8 - 8.4 g, Zn 1.5 - 3.0 g, I 4 - 20 mg.

[0113] 1.3 Calculation of economic benefits

[0114] During the experiment, the feeding costs of the diets of each experimental group were recorded, and the benefits were calculated according to the market price of live beef cattle at that time.

[0115] Feed cost (yuan / head·d) = average daily feed intake (kg / head·d) × feed unit price (yuan / kg).

[0116] Feed cost per kilogram of weight gain (yuan / kg) = total feed intake (kg) × feed unit price (yuan / kg) / total weight gain (kg).

[0117] Weight gain benefit (yuan / head·d) = average daily weight gain (kg / head·d) × live cattle price (yuan / kg).

[0118] Net benefit (yuan / head·d) = weight gain benefit (yuan / head·d) - feed cost (yuan / head·d).

[0119] 2. Results

[0120] 2.1 Effects of fermented pharyngitis tablet residues on the growth performance of Simmental beef cattle during the fattening period

[0121] As can be seen from Table 4, the growth effects of cattle fed with residues fermented by cellulase or the combined fermentation of cellulase and compound bacterial agents are better than those of the residue fermentation group without a fermenting agent. Moreover, the feeding effect of the combined fermentation of cellulase and compound bacteria on residues is better than that of using cellulase alone for fermentation. And the feeding effects can reach or even exceed those of the basal diet group after the substitution with fermented residues.

[0122] Table 4 Effects of fermented pharyngitis tablet residues on the growth performance of Simmental beef cattle during the fattening period

[0123]

[0124] As can be seen from Table 5, compared with the basal diet group, the weight gain costs of the three experimental groups (residue fermentation group without a fermenting agent, residue fermentation group with an enzyme fermenting agent, residue fermentation group with enzyme-bacteria synergistic fermentation) after substituting 10% corn husk with fermented traditional Chinese medicine residues gradually decreased, while the weight gain benefits and net benefits gradually increased. Generally speaking, the net benefit generated by the combined fermentation of cellulase and bacterial agents on residues is the highest.

[0125] Table 5 Economic benefit analysis

[0126]

[0127]

[0128] 2. Research on the improvement of the body condition and growth performance of diseased calves using the fermented residues prepared in Example 3

[0129] Twenty-eight weaned calves with pneumonia, with an average body weight of (52.50 ± 2.20) kg, were randomly divided into 4 groups (I, II, III, IV), with 7 replicates in each group and 1 calf in each replicate. Each group was fed a basal diet (concentrate) and roughage (1:3) every day. The concentrate was a complete formulated feed for calves, as shown in Table 6 for details. The roughage was silage corn straw. Groups I and III were given traditional Chinese medicine treatment. The traditional Chinese medicine treatment was to grind 10 g each of forsythia, ephedra, almond, honeysuckle and isatis root into powder and take it with boiling water once a day. Among them, 3% of fermented medicinal residues were added to the concentrate fed to Group III, and an equal amount of corn husk was added to the concentrate fed to Group I. Groups II and IV were given western medicine treatment. The western medicine treatment was to mix 0.5 g of amoxicillin and 5 mg of dexamethasone sodium phosphate into 500 mL of normal saline and inject it intravenously into the diseased calves once a day. Among them, 3% of fermented medicinal residues were added to the concentrate fed to Group IV, and an equal amount of corn husk was added to the concentrate fed to Group II. Groups I and II stopped taking medicine after 7 consecutive days of medication and continued to be fed for 53 days. Groups III and IV stopped taking medicine after 60 consecutive days of medication.

[0130] Table 6 Composition and nutrient levels of the complete formulated feed for calves (air-dried basis)

[0131]

[0132]

[0133] Note: 1) The premix provided VA 15000 IU, VD 5000 IU, VE 50 mg, Fe 90 mg, Cu 12.5 mg, Mn 60 mg, Zn 100 mg, Se 0.3 mg, I 1.0 mg, Co 0.5 mg per kg of the diet.

[0134] 1.1 Determination and method of growth performance indicators

[0135] On the morning of the 1st day and the 60th day of the experiment before morning feeding, the calves were weighed on an empty stomach to calculate the total weight gain (TWG), average daily gain (ADG) and feed to gain ratio (F / G). The feed intake from the beginning to the end of the experiment was continuously recorded to calculate the average daily feed intake.

[0136] 1.2 Evaluation of the improvement of calf body condition

[0137] During the experiment, each group was divided into 4 levels according to the body condition of the calves after medication, namely the weak calf rate, improvement rate, cure rate and mortality rate, which were used to evaluate the effects after medication among groups, and further evaluate the effects of the fermented pharyngitis tablet residues and drugs on improving the body condition of beef cattle after their synergistic action.

[0138] 2. Experimental results

[0139] 2.1 Effects of feeding fermented pharyngitis tablet residues on the growth performance of weaned calves with pneumonia

[0140] As can be seen from Table 7, when the fermented residues act together with traditional Chinese medicine or Western medicine, the growth performance of calves is better than that of feeding traditional Chinese medicine or Western medicine alone, indicating that fermented feed can synergistically assist traditional Chinese medicine or Western medicine in improving the growth performance of weaned calves with pneumonia.

[0141] Table 7 Effects of feeding fermented pharyngitis tablet residues on the growth performance of weaned calves with pneumonia

[0142]

[0143]

[0144] Note: Different lowercase letters in the superscripts of the same row of data indicate significant differences (P<0.05), and no letters indicate no significant differences (P>0.05).

[0145] 2.2 Effects of fermented pharyngitis tablet residues on the improvement of the physical condition of weaned calves with pneumonia

[0146] As can be seen from Table 8, when the fermented residues are used in combination with traditional Chinese medicine or Western medicine, the cure rate can be effectively improved, the diseased state can be improved, and the mortality rate and the rate of weak calves can be reduced. The effect is better than that of only feeding the traditional Chinese medicine or Western medicine group. This shows that the fermented residues have the effect of assisting traditional Chinese medicine or Western medicine to better play the therapeutic role.

[0147] Table 8 Effects of fermented pharyngitis tablet residues on the improvement of the physical condition of weaned calves with pneumonia

[0148]

[0149] In the description of this specification, the description referring to terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0150] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Use of the medicinal residues of pharyngitis tablets in preparing feed, characterized in that, The feed is used for preventing or adjuvantly treating pneumonia in ruminants; In the feed, the pharyngitis tablet residues after pre-fermentation treatment are used to replace at least part of the fibrous feed raw materials in the ruminant compound feed; The pharyngitis tablet residues and water are used as fermentation raw materials and are subjected to the fermentation treatment with a ferment; The ferment is selected from cellulase, or a combination of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis, or a combination of cellulase, Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis; The time of the fermentation treatment is 24 to 72 hours; The initial water content in the fermentation raw materials is 40 to 60% by mass; The weight of the ferment is 0.2 to 0.9% of the weight of the pharyngitis tablet residues; The temperature of the fermentation treatment is 35 to 40 °C.

2. The use according to claim 1, wherein The weight of the ferment is 0.3 to 0.7% of the weight of the pharyngitis tablet residues.

3. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method includes: Using the pharyngitis tablet residues and water as fermentation raw materials, using corn husk, soybean meal and wheat bran as fermentation auxiliary materials, and controlling the initial water content in the fermentation raw materials to be 55%; Fermenting the fermentation raw materials, fermentation auxiliary materials and cellulase at 37 °C for 72 hours, and collecting the fermented residues, wherein the weight of the cellulase is 0.5% of the weight of the pharyngitis tablet residues; or The method includes: Using the pharyngitis tablet residues and water as fermentation raw materials, using corn husk, soybean meal and wheat bran as fermentation auxiliary materials, and controlling the initial water content in the fermentation raw materials to be 55%; Ferment the fermentation raw materials, fermentation adjuvants, cellulase, Lactobacillus plantarum seed liquid and Bacillus subtilis seed liquid at 37 °C for 72 hours, and collect the fermented medicinal residues, wherein the weight of the cellulase is 0.5% of the weight of the pharyngitis tablet medicinal residues, and the bacterial concentration of the Lactobacillus plantarum seed liquid is 5.75×10 9 CFU / ml, the bacterial concentration of the Bacillus subtilis seed liquid is 5.75×10 8 CFU / ml, and the weights of the Lactobacillus plantarum seed liquid and the Bacillus subtilis seed liquid are respectively 0.2% of the weight of the pharyngitis tablet medicinal residues.

4. Use of the residue of pharyngitis tablets in the preparation of feed, characterized in that, The feed is used for promoting the growth of ruminants; In the feed, the pharyngitis tablet residues after pre-fermentation treatment are used to replace at least part of the fibrous feed raw materials in the ruminant compound feed; The pharyngitis tablet residues and water are used as fermentation raw materials and are subjected to the fermentation treatment with a ferment; The ferment is selected from cellulase, or a combination of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis, or a combination of cellulase, Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis; The time of the fermentation treatment is 24 to 72 hours; The initial water content in the fermentation raw materials is 40 to 60% by mass; The weight of the ferment is 0.2 to 0.9% of the weight of the pharyngitis tablet residues; The temperature of the fermentation treatment is 35 to 40 °C.

5. The use according to claim 4, wherein The weight of the ferment is 0.3 to 0.7% of the weight of the pharyngitis tablet residues.

6. The use according to claim 4, characterized in that, The method includes: Using the pharyngitis tablet residues and water as fermentation raw materials, using corn husk, soybean meal and wheat bran as fermentation auxiliary materials, and controlling the initial water content in the fermentation raw materials to be 55%; Fermenting the fermentation raw materials, fermentation auxiliary materials and cellulase at 37 °C for 72 hours, and collecting the fermented residues, wherein the weight of the cellulase is 0.5% of the weight of the pharyngitis tablet residues; or The method includes: Using the pharyngitis tablet residues and water as fermentation raw materials, using corn husk, soybean meal and wheat bran as fermentation auxiliary materials, and controlling the initial water content in the fermentation raw materials to be 55%; Ferment the fermentation raw materials, fermentation adjuvants, cellulase, Lactobacillus plantarum seed liquid and Bacillus subtilis seed liquid at 37 °C for 72 hours, and collect the fermented medicinal residues, wherein the weight of the cellulase is 0.5% of the weight of the pharyngitis tablet medicinal residues, and the bacterial concentration of the Lactobacillus plantarum seed liquid is 5.75×10 9 CFU / ml, the bacterial concentration of the Bacillus subtilis seed liquid is 5.75×10 8 CFU / ml, and the weights of the Lactobacillus plantarum seed liquid and the Bacillus subtilis seed liquid are 0.2% of the weight of the pharyngitis tablet medicinal residues respectively.

7. The use according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The ruminants are selected from cattle, sheep and deer.

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