Hydraulic impactor

Abstract

The application relates to a hydraulic impactor, which comprises a valve chamber assembly, a piston with a cavity and a drill bit assembly at the bottom of the piston. When the piston is in a first position, a first flow channel of the valve chamber assembly is communicated with a lower cavity, a second flow channel is closed with an upper cavity, a third flow channel is communicated with the upper cavity, and a fourth flow channel is closed with the cavity, so that the pressure in the lower cavity is greater than that in the upper cavity, and the piston moves upward from the first position to a second position. When the piston moves to the second position, the first flow channel is closed with the lower cavity, the second flow channel is communicated with the upper cavity, the third flow channel is closed with the upper cavity, and the fourth flow channel is communicated with the cavity, so that the pressure in the upper cavity is greater than that in the lower cavity, and the piston moves downward from the second position to the first position. The high and low pressure switching of the upper cavity and the lower cavity is realized, the problems of easy erosion and wear caused by the use of springs or slide valves or jet elements or jet suction nozzles and the like are avoided, the reciprocating movement of the piston is ensured, and the normal use of the hydraulic impactor is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of drilling equipment technology, and more particularly to a hydraulic impactor. Background Technology

[0002] A rock impactor is a piece of equipment used in drilling engineering, and can generally be divided into pneumatic rock impactors and hydraulic rock impactors. Hydraulic rock impactors use fluid as a medium and utilize the energy of high-pressure fluid to generate continuous impact loads. The impact loads are applied to the drill bit through an impact piston, and the drill bit breaks the rock through a combination of rotary cutting and impact.

[0003] Specifically, the hydraulic impactor includes a valve chamber assembly, a piston, and a spring, a slide valve, a jet element, or a jet nozzle. The piston can move axially within the inner cavity of the valve chamber assembly. The top surface of the piston and the valve chamber assembly enclose the upper chamber, while the side surface of the piston and the valve chamber assembly enclose the lower chamber. The spring, slide valve, jet element, or jet nozzle is used to switch the high and low pressure states of the upper and lower chambers, allowing the piston to reciprocate up and down during the pressure switching process, thereby applying the impact load to the drill bit to achieve the crushing operation.

[0004] However, when using springs, slide valves, jet elements, or jet nozzles to switch between high and low pressure states in the upper and lower chambers, these springs, slide valves, jet elements, or jet nozzles are prone to erosion and wear, which can affect the reciprocating movement of the piston and thus affect the normal use of the hydraulic impactor. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, or at least partially solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application provides a hydraulic impactor.

[0006] This application provides a hydraulic impactor, including a valve chamber assembly, a piston with a cavity, and a drill assembly located at the bottom of the piston;

[0007] The piston is located in the inner cavity of the valve chamber assembly, and the top surface of the piston and the cavity wall of the valve chamber assembly form an upper cavity, while the side wall of the piston and the cavity wall of the valve chamber assembly form a lower cavity.

[0008] The valve chamber assembly has a first flow channel for liquid to enter the lower chamber, a second flow channel for liquid to enter the upper chamber, a third flow channel for liquid in the upper chamber to drain into the cavity, and a fourth flow channel for liquid in the lower chamber to drain into the cavity, so that the piston can move axially between a first position and a second position relative to the valve chamber assembly under the action of the liquid, thereby impacting the drill bit assembly;

[0009] When the piston is in the first position, the first flow channel is connected to the lower cavity, the second flow channel is closed to the upper cavity, the third flow channel is connected to the upper cavity, and the fourth flow channel is closed to the cavity; when the piston is in the second position, the first flow channel is closed to the lower cavity, the second flow channel is connected to the upper cavity, the third flow channel is closed to the upper cavity, and the fourth flow channel is connected to the cavity.

[0010] In some embodiments, the second flow channel includes a first vertical flow channel and a first horizontal flow channel communicating with the first vertical flow channel. The end of the first vertical flow channel away from the first horizontal flow channel has a first inlet for liquid to enter, and the end of the first horizontal flow channel away from the first vertical flow channel has a first outlet for liquid to exit.

[0011] When the piston is in the second position, the first outlet is in communication with the upper cavity; when the piston is in the first position, the first outlet is closed with the upper cavity.

[0012] In some embodiments, the first flow channel includes a second vertical flow channel and a first inclined flow channel communicating with the second vertical flow channel, wherein the end of the second vertical flow channel away from the first inclined flow channel has a second inlet for liquid to enter, and the end of the first inclined flow channel away from the second vertical flow channel has a second outlet for liquid to exit.

[0013] When the piston is in the first position, the second outlet is in communication with the lower chamber; when the piston is in the second position, the second outlet is closed with the lower chamber.

[0014] In some embodiments, the first inclined flow channel is inclined downward along the direction from the outer wall of the piston to the center of the piston;

[0015] The tilt angle of the first inclined channel ranges from 30° to 60°.

[0016] In some embodiments, the third flow channel includes a third vertical flow channel, a second horizontal flow channel, and a third horizontal flow channel, wherein the second horizontal flow channel is located above the third horizontal flow channel and both the second horizontal flow channel and the third horizontal flow channel are connected to the third vertical flow channel;

[0017] The second horizontal flow channel has a third outlet communicating with the cavity at one end away from the third vertical flow channel, and the third horizontal flow channel has a third inlet at one end away from the third vertical flow channel.

[0018] When the piston is in the first position, the third inlet is connected to the upper cavity; when the piston is in the second position, the third inlet is closed to the upper cavity.

[0019] In some embodiments, the third horizontal flow channel is located above the first horizontal flow channel;

[0020] And / or, in the vertical direction, the distance between the second horizontal flow channel and the top of the valve chamber assembly ranges from 20mm to 30mm.

[0021] In some embodiments, the fourth flow channel includes a fourth vertical flow channel and a second inclined flow channel communicating with the fourth vertical flow channel. The end of the fourth vertical flow channel away from the second inclined flow channel has a fourth inlet communicating with the lower cavity, and the end of the second inclined flow channel away from the fourth vertical flow channel has a fourth outlet.

[0022] When the piston is in the second position, the fourth outlet is in communication with the cavity; when the piston is in the first position, the fourth outlet is closed to the cavity.

[0023] In some embodiments, the valve chamber assembly includes a valve chamber, an end cap, and a support sleeve;

[0024] The valve chamber is formed in the valve chamber, and the first flow channel, the second flow channel and the third flow channel are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the valve chamber, and the fourth flow channel is arranged on the support sleeve.

[0025] The end cap is disposed at the top of the valve chamber and a portion of the end cap extends into the cavity; the support sleeve is disposed at the bottom of the valve chamber; the valve chamber, the end cap and the top surface of the piston enclose to form an upper cavity, and the valve chamber, the support sleeve and the side wall of the piston enclose to form a lower cavity.

[0026] In some embodiments, the end cap has an upper cavity return channel that connects the cavity and the third flow channel.

[0027] In some embodiments, the upper cavity return channel includes a vertical return channel and a horizontal return channel communicating with the vertical return channel. One end of the vertical return channel away from the horizontal return channel is communicating with the cavity, and one end of the horizontal return channel away from the vertical return channel is communicating with the third channel.

[0028] In some embodiments, the end cap further includes a main return water channel communicating with the cavity.

[0029] In some embodiments, a limiting step is provided on the top outer edge of the end cap, and the top surface of the valve chamber is engaged with the limiting step.

[0030] In some embodiments, the piston includes a first piston section and a second piston section connected to the bottom of the first piston section; the top surface of the first piston section and the cavity wall of the valve chamber assembly enclose the upper cavity, and the side wall of the second piston section and the cavity wall of the valve chamber assembly enclose the lower cavity.

[0031] The first piston section has a vertical infusion channel that communicates with the upper cavity, and the outer wall of the second piston section has an annular groove that communicates with the vertical infusion channel; when the piston is in the first position, the annular groove and the second channel are closed, and when the piston is in the second position, the annular groove and the second channel are connected.

[0032] In some embodiments, the vertical extension dimension of the annular groove is greater than the vertical extension dimension of the first outlet;

[0033] And / or, in the horizontal direction, the extension dimension of the annular groove is greater than the inner diameter of the vertical infusion channel;

[0034] And / or, the annular groove is coaxially arranged with the first horizontal flow channel.

[0035] In some embodiments, the second piston section includes a first sub-piston section and a second sub-piston section, the outer diameter of the second sub-piston section is smaller than the outer diameter of the first sub-piston section, a portion of the outer wall of the first sub-piston section is in contact with the cavity wall of the valve chamber assembly, and a gap communicating with the cavity is formed between the outer wall of the second sub-piston section and the cavity wall of the valve chamber assembly.

[0036] When the piston is in the first position, the gap is closed to the fourth flow channel; when the piston is in the second position, the gap is connected to the fourth flow channel.

[0037] In some embodiments, a first step portion and a second step portion are formed on the first sub-piston section, the first step portion is located above the second step portion, and the outer diameter of the first step portion is larger than the outer diameter of the second step portion;

[0038] When the piston is in the first position, the first stepped portion and the first flow channel are misaligned and separated to allow communication between the first flow channel and the lower cavity. When the piston is in the second position, the first stepped portion and the first flow channel abut against each other to close the connection between the first flow channel and the lower cavity.

[0039] In some embodiments, a cavity-forming step is provided on the cavity wall of the valve chamber assembly, and one end of the first flow channel near the lower cavity extends to the cavity-forming step. When the piston is in a first position, the first step portion is separated from the cavity-forming step, and when the piston is in a second position, the first step portion abuts against the cavity-forming step.

[0040] The technical solution provided in this application has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0041] This application provides a hydraulic impactor, including a valve chamber assembly, a piston with a cavity, and a drill assembly located at the bottom of the piston. The valve chamber assembly has a first flow channel for liquid to enter the lower cavity, a second flow channel for liquid to enter the upper cavity, a third flow channel for liquid in the upper cavity to drain into the cavity, and a fourth flow channel for liquid in the lower cavity to drain into the cavity. This allows the piston to move axially relative to the valve chamber assembly between a first position and a second position under the action of the liquid, impacting the drill assembly. In the first position, the first flow channel is connected to the lower cavity, the second flow channel is closed to the upper cavity, the third flow channel is connected to the upper cavity, and the fourth flow channel is closed to the cavity. This allows external liquid to enter the lower cavity through the first flow channel, and allows liquid in the upper cavity to return to the cavity through the third flow channel. This makes the pressure in the lower cavity greater than the pressure in the upper cavity, causing the piston to move upward to the second position. When the piston moves to the second position, the first flow channel is closed to the lower chamber, the second flow channel is connected to the upper chamber, the third flow channel is closed to the upper chamber, and the fourth flow channel is connected to the cavity. This allows external liquid to flow into the upper chamber through the second flow channel, and liquid in the lower chamber to be discharged into the cavity through the fourth flow channel, thus relieving pressure. This makes the pressure in the upper chamber greater than the pressure in the lower chamber, and the piston begins to move downward to the first position. In other words, the high and low pressure switching between the upper and lower chambers is achieved by opening and closing the flow channels, causing the piston to reciprocate between the first and second positions to impact the drill bit assembly. Therefore, there is no need for additional springs, slide valves, jet elements, or jet nozzles, simplifying the overall structure of the hydraulic impactor. It also avoids the problems of erosion and wear that can occur with springs, slide valves, jet elements, or jet nozzles, which can affect the reciprocating movement of the piston, thus ensuring the normal operation of the hydraulic impactor to a certain extent. Attached Figure Description

[0042] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0043] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the piston of the hydraulic impactor described in the embodiments of this application being in the first position. Figure 1 ;

[0045] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the piston of the hydraulic impactor described in the embodiments of this application being in the first position. Figure 2 ;

[0046] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the piston of the hydraulic impactor described in the embodiments of this application being in the second position. Figure 1 ;

[0047] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the piston of the hydraulic impactor described in the embodiments of this application being in the second position. Figure 2 ;

[0048] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the end cap structure of the hydraulic impactor described in the embodiments of this application;

[0049] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the valve chamber of the hydraulic impactor described in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0050] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the valve chamber of the hydraulic impactor described in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 ;

[0051] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the piston structure of the hydraulic impactor described in the embodiments of this application;

[0052] Figure 9 for Figure 8 Along the section of AA;

[0053] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the support sleeve of the hydraulic impactor described in the embodiments of this application.

[0054] Among them, 1. Valve chamber assembly; 11. Upper chamber; 12. Lower chamber; 13. First flow channel; 131. Second vertical flow channel; 132. First inclined flow channel; 133. Second inlet; 134. Second outlet; 14. Second flow channel; 141. First vertical flow channel; 142. First horizontal flow channel; 143. First inlet; 144. First outlet; 15. Third flow channel; 151. Third vertical flow channel; 152. Second horizontal flow channel; 153. Third horizontal flow channel; 154. Third outlet; 155. Third inlet; 16. Fourth flow channel; 161. Fourth vertical flow channel; 162. Second inclined flow channel; 163. Fourth inlet; 164. Fourth outlet; 17. Valve chamber; 171. Cavity step; 18. End cap; 181. Upper cavity return channel; 182. Vertical return channel; 183. Horizontal return channel; 184. Main return water channel; 185. Limiting step; 186. Annular slot; 19. Support sleeve; 2. Piston; 21. Cavity; 22. First piston section; 221. Vertical infusion channel; 23. Second piston section; 231. Annular groove; 232. First sub-piston section; 233. Second sub-piston section; 234. Gap; 235. First step section; 236. Second step section; 24. First section; 25. Second section; 26. Third section; 3. Drill bit assembly; 31. Drill bit chuck; 32. Drill bit; 4. Sleeve housing; 5. Filter; 6. Rotary joint; 61. Opening. Detailed Implementation

[0055] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application, the solution of this application will be further described below. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0056] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of this application, but this application may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein; obviously, the embodiments in the specification are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments.

[0057] Reference Figures 1 to 10 As shown, this embodiment provides a hydraulic impactor, including a valve chamber assembly 1, a piston 2 with a cavity 21, and a drill assembly 3 located at the bottom of the piston 2.

[0058] The piston 2 is located in the inner cavity of the valve chamber assembly 1, and the top surface of the piston 2 and the cavity wall of the valve chamber assembly 1 form an upper cavity 11, and the side wall of the piston 2 and the cavity wall of the valve chamber assembly 1 form a lower cavity 12.

[0059] The valve chamber assembly 1 has a first flow channel 13 for liquid to enter the lower chamber 12, a second flow channel 14 for liquid to enter the upper chamber 11, a third flow channel 15 for liquid in the upper chamber 11 to drain into the cavity 21, and a fourth flow channel 16 for liquid in the lower chamber 12 to drain into the cavity 21, so that the piston 2 can move axially relative to the valve chamber assembly 1 between a first position and a second position under the action of the liquid, thereby impacting the drill bit assembly 3.

[0060] When piston 2 is in the first position, the first flow channel 13 is connected to the lower cavity 12, the second flow channel 14 is closed to the upper cavity 11, the third flow channel 15 is connected to the upper cavity 11, and the fourth flow channel 16 is closed to the cavity 21; when piston 2 is in the second position, the first flow channel 13 is closed to the lower cavity 12, the second flow channel 14 is connected to the upper cavity 11, the third flow channel 15 is closed to the upper cavity 11, and the fourth flow channel 16 is connected to the cavity 21.

[0061] In specific implementation, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, when piston 2 is in the first position, the first flow channel 13 is connected to the lower chamber 12, the second flow channel 14 is closed to the upper chamber 11, the third flow channel 15 is connected to the upper chamber 11, and the fourth flow channel 16 is closed to the cavity 21. This allows the liquid to flow through the first flow channel 13 into the lower chamber 12 to increase pressure, and allows the liquid in the upper chamber 11 to be discharged into the cavity 21 through the third flow channel 15 to release pressure. As a result, the pressure in the lower chamber 12 is greater than the pressure in the upper chamber 11. Under the action of pressure, piston 2 moves upward to the second position to realize the switching of piston 2 from the first position to the second position.

[0062] For example, in a specific example of this embodiment, the second position can be set to be above the first position. That is, the process of piston 2 moving from the first position to the second position is an upward movement process, and the process of piston 2 moving from the second position to the first position is a downward movement process. For ease of description, the following will use the description that the second position is above the first position.

[0063] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, when piston 2 is in the second position, the first flow channel 13 is closed to the lower chamber 12, the second flow channel 14 is connected to the upper chamber 11, the third flow channel 15 is closed to the upper chamber 11, and the fourth flow channel 16 is connected to the cavity 21. This allows the liquid to flow through the second flow channel 14 into the upper chamber 11 to increase pressure, and allows the liquid in the lower chamber 12 to be discharged into the cavity 21 through the fourth flow channel 16 to release pressure. As a result, the pressure in the lower chamber 12 is less than the pressure in the upper chamber 11. Under the action of pressure, piston 2 moves downward to the second position to achieve the switching of piston 2 from the second position to the first position.

[0064] In specific implementation, the first flow channel 13 and the second flow channel 14 can be set to be spaced apart circumferentially along the valve chamber assembly 1, and the specific interval angle can be 90°. Figure 1 This can be a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the hydraulic impactor when the piston 2 is in the first position, viewed from a certain angle. Figure 2 Then it is Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the hydraulic impactor after rotating 90°. Similarly, Figure 3 This can be a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the hydraulic impactor when the piston 2 is in the second position, viewed from a certain angle. Figure 4 Then it is Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the hydraulic impactor after rotating 90°.

[0065] For example, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the first position can be set to the position where piston 2 moves to the lower end of valve chamber assembly 1, at which point the bottom of piston 2 can be in contact with drill bit assembly 3. (Refer to...) Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the second position is when the piston 2 moves to the top of the valve chamber assembly 2, at which point the piston 2 and the drill bit assembly 3 are separated.

[0066] Specifically, the process of piston 2 switching from the first position to the second position can include the following two stages:

[0067] In the first stage, piston 2 is positioned at the lower end of valve chamber assembly 1 under its own weight. At this time, the first flow channel 13 is connected to the lower chamber 12, the second flow channel 14 is not connected to the upper chamber 11, the third flow channel 15 is connected to the upper chamber 11, and the fourth flow channel 16 is not connected to the cavity 21. At this time, external liquid (such as drilling fluid) can enter the lower chamber 12 through the first flow channel 13. Since the second flow channel 14 is closed to the upper chamber 11, the external liquid cannot enter the upper chamber 11 through the second flow channel 14. At this time, the third flow channel 15 is connected to the upper chamber 11, allowing the liquid in the upper chamber 11 to flow back to the cavity 21 through the third flow channel 15. As the liquid continuously flows into the lower chamber 12, the pressure in the lower chamber 12 gradually increases to be greater than the pressure in the upper chamber 11. At this time, piston 2 is subjected to upward acceleration, causing piston 2 to move upward and gradually move to the second position.

[0068] In the second stage, as piston 2 moves upward, when it reaches a point where the fourth flow channel 16 connects with the cavity 21, the lower cavity 12 and the cavity 21 are connected via the fourth flow channel 16. Therefore, the liquid in the lower cavity 12 is discharged into the cavity 21 through the fourth flow channel 16, gradually lowering the pressure in the lower cavity 12. At this time, the third flow channel 15 remains closed to the upper cavity 11, while the second flow channel 14 connects to the upper cavity 11. External liquid can then enter the upper cavity 11 through the second flow channel 14, gradually filling the upper cavity and increasing its pressure. Piston 2 then experiences downward acceleration and begins to decelerate upward until its upward velocity reaches zero, at which point it has reached the second position. At this point, the first flow channel 13 is not connected to the lower cavity 12, the second flow channel 14 is connected to the upper cavity 11, the third flow channel 15 is not connected to the upper cavity 11, and the fourth flow channel 16 is connected to the cavity 21. After the above two stages, the piston 2 completes a single stroke from the first position to the second position.

[0069] Next, piston 2 begins to switch from the second position to the first position. The specific switching process can include the following two stages:

[0070] In the first stage, after the upward speed of piston 2 becomes zero, piston 2 begins to move downward. When piston 2 moves downward to the point where the fourth flow channel 16 is no longer connected to the cavity 21, the liquid in the lower cavity 12 cannot be discharged into the cavity 21 through the fourth flow channel 16, thus maintaining pressure in the lower cavity 12. At this time, the third flow channel 15 is still closed to the upper cavity 11, and the second flow channel 14 is still connected to the upper cavity 11. At this time, the external liquid enters the upper cavity 11 through the second flow channel 14, so that the upper cavity 11 is still under high pressure. However, the pressure-bearing area of ​​the upper cavity 11 is greater than that of the lower cavity 12, thus causing piston 2 to be subjected to downward acceleration, and piston 2 continues to move downward.

[0071] In the second stage, as piston 2 moves downward, the third flow channel 15 begins to connect with the upper cavity 11, relieving pressure in the upper cavity 11. The pressure in the upper cavity 11 gradually decreases, thus reducing the force on the upper cavity 11. At this time, the acceleration of piston 2 moving downward gradually decreases until the speed of piston 2 moving downward becomes zero, at which point piston 2 has just moved to the first position. At this time, the first flow channel 13 is connected to the lower cavity 12, the second flow channel 14 is not connected to the upper cavity 11, the third flow channel 15 is connected to the upper cavity 11, and the fourth flow channel 16 is not connected to the cavity 21.

[0072] After the above two stages, the piston 2 completes the entire stroke from the first position to the second position and then from the second position back to the first position. By repeating this cycle, multiple stroke cycles of the piston 2 can be achieved, so as to reciprocate the impact of the drill bit assembly 3 to achieve the crushing operation of rocks, etc.

[0073] In summary, in the hydraulic impactor provided in this embodiment, when the piston 2 is in the first position, the first flow channel 13 of the valve chamber assembly 1 is connected to the lower chamber 12, the second flow channel 14 is closed to the upper chamber 11, the third flow channel 15 is connected to the cavity 21 and the fourth flow channel 16 is closed to the cavity 21. This allows external liquid to enter the lower chamber 12 through the first flow channel 13 to achieve pressurization, and allows the liquid in the upper chamber 11 to be returned to the cavity 21 through the third flow channel 15 to achieve depressurization. This makes the pressure in the lower chamber 12 greater than the pressure in the upper chamber 11, causing the piston 2 to start moving upward to the second position. When piston 2 moves to the second position, the first flow channel 13 is closed to the lower chamber 12, the second flow channel 14 is connected to the upper chamber 11, the third flow channel 15 is closed to the cavity 21, and the fourth flow channel 16 is connected to the cavity 21. This allows external liquid to flow through the second flow channel 14 into the upper chamber 11, and the liquid in the lower chamber 12 to be discharged into the cavity 21 through the fourth flow channel 16 to achieve pressure relief. This makes the pressure in the upper chamber 11 greater than the pressure in the lower chamber 12, and piston 2 begins to move downward to the first position. This achieves the switching between high and low pressure in the upper chamber 11 and the lower chamber 12 without the need for additional springs, slide valves, jet elements, or jet nozzles. This simplifies the structure and avoids the problems of easy erosion, wear, and jamming caused by the use of springs, slide valves, jet elements, or jet nozzles, which affect the reciprocating movement of piston 2. This ensures the normal operation of the hydraulic impactor to a certain extent.

[0074] Reference Figures 1 to 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the second flow channel 14 includes a first vertical flow channel 141 and a first horizontal flow channel 142 communicating with the first vertical flow channel 141. The end of the first vertical flow channel 141 away from the first horizontal flow channel 142 has a first inlet 143 for liquid to enter, and the end of the first horizontal flow channel 142 away from the first vertical flow channel 141 has a first outlet 144 for liquid to exit.

[0075] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, when piston 2 is in the second position, the first outlet 144 is connected to the upper chamber 11; refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, when piston 2 is in the first position, the first outlet 144 is closed with the upper chamber 11.

[0076] In specific implementation, refer to Figure 7In the left-right direction of the drawing shown, the second flow channel 14 includes a first vertical flow channel 141 and a first horizontal flow channel 142. The first horizontal flow channel 142 can be connected to the lower middle part of the first vertical flow channel 141, and the left end of the first horizontal flow channel 142 forms a first inlet 143 communicating with the first vertical flow channel 141. The right end of the first horizontal flow channel 142 forms a first outlet 144.

[0077] like Figure 1 As shown, when piston 2 is in the first position, the first outlet 144 is not connected to the upper chamber 11, thus preventing external liquid from entering the upper chamber 11 through the second flow channel 14. Figure 3 As shown, when piston 2 is in the second position, the first outlet 144 is connected to the upper chamber 11, and the second flow channel 14 is connected to the upper chamber 11, so that external liquid can enter the upper chamber 11 through the first inlet 143 and the first outlet 144 of the second flow channel 14 to pressurize the upper chamber 11.

[0078] Reference Figures 1 to 4 , Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the first flow channel 13 includes a second vertical flow channel 131 and a first inclined flow channel 132 communicating with the second vertical flow channel 131. The end of the second vertical flow channel 131 away from the first inclined flow channel 132 has a second inlet 133 for liquid to enter, and the end of the first inclined flow channel 132 away from the second vertical flow channel 131 has a second outlet 134 for liquid to exit.

[0079] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, when piston 2 is in the first position, the second outlet 134 is connected to the lower chamber 12; refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, when piston 2 is in the second position, the second outlet 134 is closed with the lower chamber 12.

[0080] In specific implementation, refer to Figure 6 In the left-right direction of the drawing shown, the first flow channel 13 includes a second vertical flow channel 131 and a first inclined flow channel 132. The first inclined flow channel 132 can be connected to the bottom of the second vertical flow channel 131, and the left end of the first inclined flow channel 132 forms a second inlet 133 that communicates with the second vertical flow channel 131. The right end of the first inclined flow channel 132 forms a second outlet 134.

[0081] like Figure 1 As shown, when piston 2 is in the first position, the second outlet 134 is connected to the lower chamber 12, thereby connecting the first flow channel 13 to the lower chamber 12, so that external liquid can enter the lower chamber 12 through the second inlet 133 and the second outlet 134 to pressurize the lower chamber 12.

[0082] like Figure 3 As shown, when piston 2 is in the second position, the second outlet 134 is closed to the lower chamber 12, thus preventing external liquid from entering the lower chamber 12 through the first flow channel 13.

[0083] Reference Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the first inclined flow channel 132 is inclined downward along the direction from the sidewall of the piston 2 to the center of the piston 2. Specifically, refer to... Figure 6 As shown in the left-right direction, the first inclined flow channel 132 can be set to be inclined downward in the direction from left to right, which is more conducive to the liquid flowing into the first flow channel 13 and flowing into the lower cavity 12 through the second outlet 134, so as to achieve smooth flow of liquid.

[0084] For example, the tilt angle of the first inclined flow channel 132 is in the range of 30°-60°. For instance, the tilt angle of the first inclined flow channel 132 can be set to 30°, 45°, or 60°.

[0085] Reference Figures 1 to 4 , Figure 7 As shown, in some embodiments, the third flow channel 15 includes a third vertical flow channel 151, a second horizontal flow channel 152 and a third horizontal flow channel 153, wherein the second horizontal flow channel 152 is located above the third horizontal flow channel 153 and both the second horizontal flow channel 152 and the third horizontal flow channel 153 are connected to the third vertical flow channel 151.

[0086] The second horizontal flow channel 152 has a third outlet 154 communicating with the cavity 21 at the end away from the third vertical flow channel 151, and the third horizontal flow channel 153 has a third inlet 155 at the end away from the third vertical flow channel 151. When the piston 2 is in the first position, the third inlet 155 is in communication with the upper cavity 11, and when the piston 2 is in the second position, the third inlet 155 is closed with the upper cavity 11.

[0087] Specifically, refer to Figure 7 In the diagram shown, the third flow channel 15 includes a third vertical flow channel 151 and a second horizontal flow channel 152 and a third horizontal flow channel 153 located to the left of the third vertical flow channel 151. The second horizontal flow channel 152 is located above the third horizontal flow channel 153, and the left end of the second horizontal flow channel 152 forms a third outlet 154 communicating with the cavity 21. The right end of the second horizontal flow channel 152 communicates with the third vertical flow channel 151. The right end of the third horizontal flow channel 153 communicates with the third vertical flow channel 151, and the left end of the third horizontal flow channel 153 forms a third inlet 155.

[0088] like Figure 2As shown, when piston 2 is in the first position, the third inlet 155 is connected to the upper cavity 11, so that the upper cavity 11 and the cavity 21 can be connected through the third flow channel 15. At this time, the liquid in the upper cavity 11 can flow back to the cavity 21 through the third inlet 155, the third flow channel 15, and the third outlet 154 to achieve pressure relief of the upper cavity 11.

[0089] like Figure 4 As shown, when piston 2 is in the second position, the third inlet 155 is not connected to the upper chamber 11. At this time, the upper chamber 11 and the cavity 21 cannot be connected through the third flow channel 15. Therefore, the liquid in the upper chamber 11 cannot flow back to the cavity 21 through the third flow channel 15, thereby achieving pressure maintenance in the upper chamber 11.

[0090] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the third horizontal flow channel 153 is located above the first horizontal flow channel 142, so that when the piston 2 moves upward, the first outlet 144 of the first horizontal flow channel 142 is not connected to the lower chamber 12, the third inlet 155 of the third horizontal flow channel 153 can be temporarily connected to the upper chamber 11 to achieve pressure relief of the upper chamber 11.

[0091] In some embodiments, the vertical distance between the second horizontal flow channel 152 and the top end of the valve chamber assembly 1 ranges from 20mm to 30mm. For example, the distance between the second horizontal flow channel 152 and the top end of the valve chamber assembly 1 can be 20mm, 25mm, or 30mm.

[0092] Reference Figures 1 to 4 , Figure 10 As shown, in some embodiments, the fourth flow channel 16 includes a fourth vertical flow channel 161 and a second inclined flow channel 162 communicating with the fourth vertical flow channel 161. The end of the fourth vertical flow channel 161 away from the second inclined flow channel 162 has a fourth inlet 163 communicating with the lower cavity 12, and the end of the second inclined flow channel 162 away from the fourth vertical flow channel 161 has a fourth outlet 164.

[0093] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, when piston 2 is in the second position, the fourth outlet 164 is connected to cavity 21; refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, when piston 2 is in the first position, the fourth outlet 164 is closed with cavity 21.

[0094] Specifically, refer to Figure 10In the left-right direction of the drawing shown, the fourth flow channel 16 includes a fourth vertical flow channel 161 and a second inclined flow channel 162 located in the fourth vertical flow channel 161 and connected to the bottom end of the fourth vertical flow channel 161. The top end of the fourth vertical flow channel 161 forms a fourth inlet 163 connected to the upper cavity 11, and the right end of the second inclined flow channel 162 forms a fourth outlet 164.

[0095] Reference Figure 2 As shown, when piston 2 is in the first position, the fourth outlet 164 is not connected to the cavity 21. At this time, the lower cavity 12 cannot be connected to the cavity 21 through the fourth flow channel 16, so that the liquid in the lower cavity 12 cannot flow back to the cavity 21 through the fourth flow channel 16, thereby achieving pressure maintenance in the lower cavity 12.

[0096] Reference Figure 4 As shown, when piston 2 is in the second position, the fourth outlet 164 is connected to cavity 21. At this time, the lower cavity 12 is connected to cavity 21 via the fourth flow channel 16, allowing the liquid in the lower cavity 12 to flow back into cavity 21 through the fourth flow channel 16, thus achieving pressure relief of the lower cavity 12. Simultaneously, the fourth flow channel 16 also allows solid particles such as sand and gravel deposited at the bottom of the lower cavity 12 to be discharged through the fourth flow channel 16, achieving sand removal.

[0097] Reference Figures 1 to 10 As shown, in some embodiments, the valve chamber assembly 1 includes a valve chamber 17, an end cap 18, and a support sleeve 19.

[0098] The first flow channel 13, the second flow channel 14 and the third flow channel 15 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the valve chamber 17, and the fourth flow channel 16 is arranged on the support sleeve 19.

[0099] The end cap 18 is located at the top of the valve chamber 17 and a portion of the end cap 18 extends into the cavity 21; the support sleeve 19 is located at the bottom of the valve chamber 17; the valve chamber 17, the end cap 18 and the top surface of the piston 2 enclose each other to form an upper cavity 11, and the valve chamber 17, the support sleeve 19 and the side wall of the piston 2 enclose each other to form a lower cavity 12.

[0100] In practice, the outer diameter of the end cap 18 that extends into the cavity 21 can be adapted to the inner diameter of the cavity 21, thereby achieving a tight fit between the end cap 18 and the cavity 21.

[0101] In addition, a sleeve housing 4 can be provided on the outside of the valve chamber 17, and a support sleeve 19 is provided at the bottom of the valve chamber 17 to support the valve chamber 17.

[0102] Additionally, refer to Figures 1 to 4As shown, a filter 5 can be installed at the upper end of the end cap 18, and a rotary joint 6 can be installed at the top of the sleeve housing 4. The filter 5 is fitted inside the rotary joint 6 and can rotate relative to the rotary joint 6. The rotary joint 6 is provided with an opening 61 for external liquid to enter, so that the liquid enters the filter 5 through the opening 61 and is filtered and discharged through the filter port on the outer wall of the filter 5. The first flow channel 13 and the second flow channel 14 can both be connected to the filter port, so that the filtered liquid can enter the lower cavity 12 through the first flow channel 13 when the first flow channel 13 is connected to the lower cavity 12, or enter the upper cavity 11 through the second flow channel 14 when the second flow channel 14 is connected to the upper cavity 11.

[0103] Furthermore, the drill bit assembly 3 may specifically include a drill bit chuck 31 and a drill bit 32 locked within the drill bit chuck 31. The drill bit chuck 31 is located at the bottom of the support sleeve 19 and connected to the support sleeve 19, serving to position the drill bit 32. The piston 2 is located at the top of the drill bit 32. During its reciprocating motion, the piston 2 can apply a high-speed impact to the drill bit 32, and the drill bit 32 can rotate, thereby breaking rocks and the like under the impact and rotation.

[0104] Reference Figures 1 to 5 As shown, in some embodiments, the end cap 18 has an upper cavity return channel 181 that connects the cavity 21 and the third channel 15.

[0105] In specific implementation, such as Figure 2 As shown, when piston 2 is in the first position, the third flow channel 15 can be connected to the cavity 21 through the upper cavity return flow channel 181, so that the liquid in the upper cavity 11 flows back to the cavity 21 through the third flow channel 15 and the upper cavity return flow channel 181 to achieve pressure relief of the upper cavity 11.

[0106] like Figure 4 As shown, when piston 2 is in the second position, although the third flow channel 15 is connected to the cavity 21 through the upper cavity return flow channel 181, the third inlet 155 of the third flow channel 15 is not connected to the upper cavity 11. Therefore, the liquid in the upper cavity 11 cannot flow back to the cavity 21 through the third flow channel 15 and the upper cavity return flow channel 181 to achieve pressure relief of the upper cavity 11.

[0107] Reference Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, the upper cavity return channel 181 includes a vertical return channel 182 and a horizontal return channel 183 connected to the vertical return channel 182. One end of the vertical return channel 182 away from the horizontal return channel 183 is connected to the cavity 21, and the other end of the horizontal return channel 183 away from the vertical return channel 182 is connected to the third channel 15.

[0108] In specific implementation, refer to Figure 5In the left-right and up-down directions of the drawing shown, the horizontal return channel 183 is located to the left of the vertical return channel 182 and in the upper middle part of the vertical return channel 182. The bottom of the vertical return channel 182 is connected to the cavity 21, and the right end of the horizontal return channel 183 is connected to the vertical return channel 182. The left end of the horizontal return channel 183 can form an annular slot 186, which can be connected to the third outlet 154 of the third channel 15.

[0109] For example, the vertical dimension of the annular slot 186 can be larger than the dimension of the horizontal return channel 183, thereby facilitating the alignment and connection of the third outlet 154 and the horizontal return channel 183.

[0110] like Figure 2 As shown, when piston 2 is in the first position, the third flow channel 15 can be connected to the cavity 21 through the upper cavity return flow channel 181, so that the liquid in the upper cavity 11 flows back to the cavity 21 through the third flow channel 15, the horizontal return flow channel 183 and the vertical return flow channel 182 to achieve pressure relief of the upper cavity 11.

[0111] like Figure 4 As shown, when piston 2 is in the second position, although the third flow channel 15 is connected to the cavity 21 through the upper cavity return flow channel 181, the third inlet 155 of the third flow channel 15 is not connected to the upper cavity 11. Therefore, the liquid in the upper cavity 11 cannot return to the cavity 21 through the third flow channel 15, the horizontal return flow channel 183 and the vertical return flow channel 182 to achieve pressure relief of the upper cavity 11.

[0112] Reference Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, the end cap 18 also has a main return water channel 184 that communicates with the cavity 21. Specifically, the main return water channel 184, the cavity 21 of the piston 2, and the middle hole of the drill bit are connected in sequence to allow the liquid to flow in a large flow rate.

[0113] See attached document Figures 1 to 5 As shown, in some embodiments, a limiting step 185 is formed on the top outer edge of the end cap 18, and the top surface of the valve chamber 17 is engaged at the limiting step 185.

[0114] In other words, the end cap 18 and the valve chamber 17 can be engaged by the limiting step 185, which can achieve both reliable connection between the end cap 18 and the valve chamber 17 and assembly positioning. Furthermore, along the direction from the side wall of the piston 2 to the center, the outer edge of the end cap 18 can extend 2mm-3mm beyond the outer edge of the filter 5, thereby providing support for the filter 5.

[0115] Reference Figures 1 to 4 , Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, in some embodiments, the piston 2 includes a first piston section 22 and a second piston section 23 connected to the bottom of the first piston section 22; the top surface of the first piston section 22 and the cavity wall of the valve chamber assembly 1 enclose an upper cavity 11, and the side wall of the second piston section 23 and the cavity wall of the valve chamber assembly 1 enclose a lower cavity 12.

[0116] A vertical infusion channel 221 communicating with the upper cavity 11 is formed in the first piston section 22, and an annular groove 231 communicating with the vertical infusion channel 221 is formed on the outer wall of the second piston section 23; when the piston 2 is in the second position, the annular groove 231 is connected with the second channel 14, and when the piston 2 is in the first position, the annular groove 231 is closed with the second channel 14.

[0117] In specific implementation, refer to Figure 8 In the vertical direction shown in the drawing, a vertical infusion channel 221 is formed in the first piston section 22, which communicates with the upper cavity 11. An annular groove 231 is formed on the outer wall of the second piston section 23 near the first piston section 22. The annular groove 231 communicates with the vertical infusion channel 221, and the annular groove 231 can selectively communicate with the second channel 14.

[0118] Reference Figure 2 As shown, when the piston 2 is in the first position, the annular groove 231 and the first outlet 144 of the second flow channel 14 are misaligned and closed, so that the second flow channel 14 cannot communicate with the upper cavity 11 through the vertical infusion channel 221. At this time, the external liquid cannot flow into the upper cavity 11 through the second flow channel 14 and the vertical infusion channel 221.

[0119] Reference Figure 4 As shown, when the piston 2 is in the second position, the annular groove 231 is aligned and connected with the first outlet 144 of the second flow channel 14, so that the second flow channel 14 can be connected to the upper chamber 11 through the vertical liquid delivery channel 221. At this time, the external liquid can be transported to the upper chamber 11 through the second flow channel 14, the annular groove 231 and the vertical liquid delivery channel 221 to achieve pressurization of the upper chamber 11.

[0120] Reference Figure 8 As shown, in some embodiments, the extension dimension of the annular groove 231 is larger than the extension dimension of the first outlet 144 in the vertical direction, thereby making it easier for the annular groove 231 to be aligned and connected with the first outlet 144, and making it easier for the liquid passing through the second flow channel 14 to flow through the first outlet 144 into the annular groove 231 and then into the vertical infusion flow channel 221.

[0121] Furthermore, in the horizontal direction, the extension dimension of the annular groove 231 is larger than the inner diameter of the vertical liquid delivery channel 221, which is more conducive to the liquid being transported through the annular groove 231 into the vertical liquid delivery channel 221.

[0122] Furthermore, the annular groove 231 and the first horizontal flow channel 142 are coaxially arranged so that the liquid is transported to the annular groove 231 through the first outlet 144 after passing through the first horizontal flow channel 142, and then transported to the upper cavity 11 through the vertical liquid delivery channel 221.

[0123] Reference Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, in some embodiments, the second piston section 23 includes a first sub-piston section 232 and a second sub-piston section 233. The outer diameter of the second sub-piston section 233 is smaller than the outer diameter of the first sub-piston section 232. A portion of the outer wall of the first sub-piston section 232 is in contact with the cavity wall of the valve chamber assembly 1. A gap 234 communicating with the cavity 21 is formed between the outer wall of the second sub-piston section 233 and the cavity wall of the valve chamber assembly 1. When the piston 2 is in the second position, the gap 234 is in communication with the fourth flow channel 16. When the piston 2 is in the first position, the gap 234 is closed with the fourth flow channel 16.

[0124] In specific implementation, refer to Figure 8 In the left-right direction of the drawing, the outer diameter of the second sub-piston section 233 is smaller than the outer diameter of the first sub-piston section 232, thereby forming a stepped cavity between the second sub-piston section 233 and the first sub-piston section 232. The stepped cavity is the gap 234 between the valve chamber assembly 1 and the second sub-piston section 233.

[0125] Reference Figure 2 As shown, when piston 2 is in the first position, gap 234 is located below the fourth outlet 164 of the fourth flow channel 16, and the outer wall of the second sub-piston section 233 abuts against the fourth outlet 164 to seal the fourth outlet 164. At this time, the fourth flow channel 16 and the cavity 21 cannot be connected through gap 234, so that the liquid in the lower cavity 12 cannot be discharged into the cavity 21 after passing through the fourth flow channel 16 into the gap 234, thereby achieving pressure maintenance in the lower cavity 12.

[0126] Reference Figure 4 As shown, when piston 2 is in the second position, gap 234 is aligned and connected with the fourth outlet 164. At this time, the fourth flow channel 16 is connected to the cavity 21 through gap 234, so that the liquid in the lower cavity 12 can flow back to the cavity 21 after passing through the fourth flow channel 16 and gap 234 to realize the depressurization and sand discharge of the lower cavity 12.

[0127] Reference Figure 8 As shown, in some embodiments, a first step portion 235 and a second step portion 236 are formed on the first sub-piston section 232, the first step portion 235 is located above the second step portion 236, and the outer diameter of the first step portion 235 is larger than the outer diameter of the second step portion 236.

[0128] When the piston 2 is in the first position, the first step portion 235 is misaligned and separated from the first flow channel 13 so that the first flow channel 13 is connected to the lower cavity 12. When the piston 2 is in the second position, the first step portion 235 abuts against the first flow channel 13 so that the first flow channel 13 is closed to the lower cavity 12.

[0129] In specific implementation, refer to Figure 2 As shown, when the piston 2 is in the first position, the first step 235 is located below the second outlet 134, thereby connecting the second outlet 134 with the lower chamber 12, so that external liquid can flow through the first flow channel 13 into the lower chamber 12 to pressurize the lower chamber 12.

[0130] Reference Figure 4 As shown, when the piston 2 is in the second position, the first step 235 just abuts against the second outlet 134, so that the second outlet 134 is not connected to the lower chamber 12, thus preventing the external liquid from flowing into the lower chamber 12 through the first flow channel 13.

[0131] Reference Figures 1 to 4 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, in some embodiments, a cavity-forming step 171 is provided on the cavity wall of the valve chamber 17, and the end of the first flow channel 13 near the lower cavity 12 extends to the cavity-forming step 171. When the piston 2 is in the second position, the first step portion 235 abuts against the cavity-forming step 171; when the piston 2 is in the first position, the first step portion 235 and the cavity-forming step 171 are misaligned and separated.

[0132] In specific implementation, refer to Figure 6 As shown and Figure 7 As shown, a cavity-forming step 171 can be formed in the middle of the cavity wall of the valve chamber assembly 1. The cavity-forming step 171 is inclined upward in the direction from the side wall of the piston 2 to the center. The second outlet 134 of the first flow channel 13 is located on the cavity-forming step 171.

[0133] Reference Figure 2 As shown, when piston 2 is in the first position, the first step 235 of piston 2 is located below the cavity step 171. At this time, the second outlet 134 is misaligned with the first step 235, so that the second outlet 134 is connected to the lower cavity 12.

[0134] Reference Figure 4 As shown, when piston 2 is in the second position, the first step 235 of piston 2 just abuts against the cavity step 171. At this time, the second outlet 134 abuts against the first step 235, so that the second outlet 134 and the lower cavity 12 are closed.

[0135] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the first sub-piston segment 232 of the piston 2 includes a first segment 24, a second segment 25, and a third segment 26 arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The outer diameter of the first segment 24 is smaller than the outer diameter of the second segment 25, forming a first step portion 235 between the first segment 24 and the second segment 25. The outer diameter of the second segment 25 is larger than the outer diameter of the third segment 26, forming a second step portion 236 between the second segment 25 and the third segment 26. The width of the first step portion 235 is greater than the width of the second step portion 236. The outer diameter of the first piston segment 22 is set to R1, the inner diameter of the cavity 21 of the piston 2 is set to R2, the distance between the center of the vertical infusion channel 221 and the center of the piston 2 is set to R3, the outer diameter of the first segment 24 is set to R4, the outer diameter of the second segment 25 is set to R5, and the outer diameter of the third segment 26 is set to R5. At this time, the pressure-bearing area S of the upper cavity 11... up =π·(R1) 2 -R2 2 -4·R3 2 The pressure-bearing area S of the lower cavity 12 down =π·[(R5) 2 -R6 2 )-(R5 2 -R4 2 Since the pressure area of ​​the upper chamber 11 is greater than that of the lower chamber 12, when the upward velocity of the piston 2 becomes zero, the piston 2 is subjected to downward acceleration and continues to accelerate downward.

[0136] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0137] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments described herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A hydraulic impactor, characterized by, The valve chamber assembly (1), the piston (2) with a cavity (21) and the drill bit assembly (3) at the bottom of the piston (2); The piston (2) is located in the inner cavity of the valve chamber assembly (1), and the top surface of the piston (2) and the cavity wall of the valve chamber assembly (1) form an upper cavity (11), and the side wall of the piston (2) and the cavity wall of the valve chamber assembly (1) form a lower cavity (12); The valve chamber assembly (1) has a first flow channel (13) for liquid to enter the lower cavity (12), a second flow channel (14) for liquid to enter the upper cavity (11), a third flow channel (15) for liquid in the upper cavity (11) to be discharged to the cavity (21), and a fourth flow channel (16) for liquid in the lower cavity (12) to be discharged to the cavity (21), so that the piston (2) can be axially moved relative to the valve chamber assembly (1) between the first position and the second position under the action of the liquid to impact the drill bit assembly (3); Wherein, when the piston (2) is in the first position, the first flow channel (13) is in communication with the lower cavity (12), the second flow channel (14) is closed with the upper cavity (11), the third flow channel (15) is in communication with the upper cavity (11) and the fourth flow channel (16) is closed with the cavity (21); when the piston (2) is in the second position, the first flow channel (13) is closed with the lower cavity (12), the second flow channel (14) is in communication with the upper cavity (11), the third flow channel (15) is closed with the upper cavity (11) and the fourth flow channel (16) is in communication with the cavity (21).

2. The hydro-impinger of claim 1, wherein, The second flow channel (14) includes a first vertical flow channel (141) and a first horizontal flow channel (142) in communication with the first vertical flow channel (141), and the end of the first vertical flow channel (141) away from the first horizontal flow channel (142) has a first inlet (143) for liquid to enter, and the end of the first horizontal flow channel (142) away from the first vertical flow channel (141) has a first outlet (144) for liquid to be discharged; When the piston (2) is in the first position, the first outlet (144) is closed with the upper cavity (11), and when the piston (2) is in the second position, the first outlet (144) is in communication with the upper cavity (11).

3. The hydro-impinger of claim 1, wherein, The first flow channel (13) includes a second vertical flow channel (131) and a first inclined flow channel (132) in communication with the second vertical flow channel (131), and the end of the second vertical flow channel (131) away from the first inclined flow channel (132) has a second inlet (133) for liquid to enter, and the end of the first inclined flow channel (132) away from the second vertical flow channel (131) has a second outlet (134) for liquid to be discharged; The second outlet (134) is in communication with the lower cavity (12) when the piston (2) is in the first position, and is closed when the piston (2) is in the second position.

4. The hydro-impinger of claim 3, wherein, The first inclined flow channel (132) is downwardly inclined from the side wall of the piston (2) to the center of the piston (2); The first inclined flow channel (132) has an inclination angle ranging from 30° to 60°.

5. The hydrodynamic impactor of claim 2, wherein, The third flow channel (15) comprises a third vertical flow channel (151), a second horizontal flow channel (152), and a third horizontal flow channel (153), the second horizontal flow channel (152) is above the third horizontal flow channel (153), and both the second horizontal flow channel (152) and the third horizontal flow channel (153) are in communication with the third vertical flow channel (151); The second horizontal flow channel (152) has a third outlet (154) in communication with the cavity (21) at an end away from the third vertical flow channel (151), and the third horizontal flow channel (153) has a third inlet (155) at an end away from the third vertical flow channel (151); The third inlet (155) is in communication with the upper cavity (11) when the piston (2) is in the first position, and is closed when the piston (2) is in the second position.

6. The hydro-impinger of claim 5 wherein, The third horizontal flow channel (153) is above the first horizontal flow channel (142); And / or, in the vertical direction, the distance between the second horizontal flow channel (152) and the top end of the valve chamber assembly (1) ranges from 20 mm to 30 mm.

7. The hydrodynamic impactor of claim 1, wherein, The fourth flow channel (16) comprises a fourth vertical flow channel (161) and a second inclined flow channel (162) in communication with the fourth vertical flow channel (161), the fourth vertical flow channel (161) has a fourth inlet (163) in communication with the lower cavity (12) at an end away from the second inclined flow channel (162), and the second inclined flow channel (162) has a fourth outlet (164) at an end away from the fourth vertical flow channel (161); The fourth outlet (164) is closed with the cavity (21) when the piston (2) is in the first position, and is in communication with the cavity (21) when the piston (2) is in the second position.

8. The hydro-impinger of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein, The valve chamber assembly (1) comprises a valve chamber (17), an end cover (18), and a support sleeve (19); The first flow channel (13), the second flow channel (14), and the third flow channel (15) are arranged on the valve chamber (17) in a circumferential direction of the valve chamber (17), and the fourth flow channel (16) is arranged on the support sleeve (19); The end cover (18) is arranged on the top of the valve chamber (17) and extends into the cavity (21); the support sleeve (19) is arranged on the bottom of the valve chamber (17); the upper cavity (11) is formed between the top surface of the valve chamber (17), the end cover (18) and the piston (2); the lower cavity (12) is formed between the side wall of the valve chamber (17), the support sleeve (19) and the piston (2).

9. The hydro-impinger of claim 8, wherein, The end cover (18) has an upper reflux flow channel (181) which communicates with the cavity (21) and the third flow channel (15).

10. The hydro-impinger of claim 9, wherein, The upper reflux flow channel (181) comprises a vertical reflux flow channel (182) and a horizontal reflux flow channel (183) which communicates with the vertical reflux flow channel (182); the end of the vertical reflux flow channel (182) away from the horizontal reflux flow channel (183) communicates with the cavity (21); the end of the horizontal reflux flow channel (183) away from the vertical reflux flow channel (182) communicates with the third flow channel (15).

11. The hydrodynamic impactor of claim 8, wherein, The end cover (18) further has a main water return flow channel (184) which communicates with the cavity (21).

12. The hydrodynamic impactor of claim 8, wherein, The outer edge of the top of the end cover (18) is provided with a limiting step (185) and the top surface of the valve chamber (17) is clamped at the limiting step (185).

13. The hydrodynamic impactor of claim 2, wherein, The piston (2) comprises a first piston section (22) and a second piston section (23) which is connected to the bottom of the first piston section (22); the top surface of the first piston section (22), the cavity wall of the valve chamber assembly (1) form the upper cavity (11); the side wall of the second piston section (23), the cavity wall of the valve chamber assembly (1) form the lower cavity (12). The first piston section (22) is formed with a vertical liquid delivery flow channel (221) which communicates with the upper cavity (11); the outer wall of the second piston section (23) is formed with an annular groove (231) which communicates with the vertical liquid delivery flow channel (221). When the piston (2) is in the first position, the annular groove (231) is closed with the second flow channel (14); when the piston (2) is in the second position, the annular groove (231) communicates with the second flow channel (14).

14. The hydrodynamic impactor of claim 13, wherein, In the vertical direction, the extension size of the annular groove (231) is greater than the extension size of the first outlet (144); And / or, in the horizontal direction, the extension size of the annular groove (231) is greater than the inner diameter of the vertical liquid delivery flow channel (221); And / or, the annular groove (231) and the first horizontal flow channel (142) are coaxially arranged.

15. The hydrodynamic impactor of claim 13, wherein, The second piston section (23) comprises a first sub-piston section (232) and a second sub-piston section (233), the outer diameter of the second sub-piston section (233) is smaller than that of the first sub-piston section (232), a part of the outer wall of the first sub-piston section (232) is in close contact with the cavity wall of the valve chamber assembly (1), and a gap (234) in communication with the cavity (21) is formed between the outer wall of the second sub-piston section (233) and the cavity wall of the valve chamber assembly (1); When the piston (2) is in the first position, the gap (234) is closed from the fourth flow channel (16), and when the piston (2) is in the second position, the gap (234) is in communication with the fourth flow channel (16).

16. The hydrodynamic impactor of claim 15, wherein, A first step portion (235) and a second step portion (236) are formed on the first sub-piston section (232), the first step portion (235) is located above the second step portion (236), and the outer diameter of the first step portion (235) is larger than that of the second step portion (236); When the piston (2) is in the first position, the first step portion (235) is misaligned and separated from the first flow channel (13) to enable the first flow channel (13) to communicate with the lower cavity (12), and when the piston (2) is in the second position, the first step portion (235) abuts against the first flow channel (13) to close the first flow channel (13) from the lower cavity (12).

17. The hydrodynamic impactor of claim 16, wherein, A cavity forming step (171) is arranged on the cavity wall of the valve chamber assembly (1), and one end of the first flow channel (13) close to the lower cavity (12) extends to the cavity forming step (171); When the piston (2) is in the first position, the first step portion (235) is misaligned and separated from the cavity forming step (171), and when the piston (2) is in the second position, the first step portion (235) abuts against the cavity forming step (171).

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