A device and method for monitoring water pressure loading and deformation in a hydraulic tunnel model

Abstract

The present application provides a device and method for monitoring water pressure loading and deformation in a hydraulic tunnel model, the device comprising: a tunnel lining, wherein the outer wall of the tunnel lining is spaced apart by a first sealing plate and a second sealing plate, the first sealing plate and the second sealing plate being in contact with the outer wall of the end of the hydraulic tunnel model near the end face of the tunnel lining, a water-containing space being formed between the outer wall of the tunnel lining, the first sealing plate, the second sealing plate and the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model, the first sealing plate being used to communicate with an external water inlet pipe; a water-proof displacement sensing assembly being provided on the tunnel lining, the water-proof displacement sensing assembly comprising a monitoring contact, the monitoring contact being in contact with the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model. In the process of loading water pressure, the deformation of the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model is monitored in real time by the water-proof displacement sensing assembly, so that the deformation of the hydraulic tunnel model when loaded with different water pressures can be accurately and timely grasped.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of fluid-solid coupling simulation of hydraulic tunnel physical models, and in particular to a device and method for water pressure loading and deformation monitoring in a hydraulic tunnel model. Background Art

[0002] In deep rock engineering, deeply buried caverns are required to operate for long periods in extreme environments characterized by high in-situ stress and high osmotic pressure. Under the influence of high in-situ stress, portions of the surrounding rock mass are in a critical failure state, leading to frequent disasters such as rock cracking, rockbursts, softening, and landslides. High osmotic pressure not only causes engineering hazards such as water inrush, surrounding rock, and lining damage, but also exacerbates rock softening and reduces rock mass strength. Under the influence of high in-situ stress, high osmotic pressure, and dynamic loads, the seepage stability and dynamic mechanical response of the fractured surrounding rock are severely affected, threatening the safe operation of underground caverns.

[0003] Traditional theoretical methods are insufficient to investigate the hydraulic coupling mechanisms of fractured surrounding rock in deep caverns subject to high stress and high permeability. Numerical simulation parameters are subject to significant randomness, and in-situ testing conditions are limited. In contrast, geomechanical model testing, with its intuitive, controllable, and realistic nature, has become an important tool for studying the hydraulic coupling characteristics of fractured surrounding rock in deep caverns. Geomechanical model testing can complement and validate numerical simulations, precisely simulating the hydraulic coupling failure process of fractured surrounding rock in deep caverns during long-term operation. This plays an irreplaceable role in discovering new phenomena, revealing new mechanisms, exploring new laws, and validating new theories.

[0004] However, to conduct hydraulic coupling simulation of fractured rock models, a matching geomechanical model test system is required. The existing test system can only load different water pressures into the hydraulic tunnel model based on the test purpose. However, during the water pressure loading process, the deformation of the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model cannot be accurately and efficiently monitored, making it impossible to accurately know the deformation conditions inside the hydraulic tunnel model, which is not conducive to the conduct of simulation tests. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to propose a device and method for monitoring water pressure loading and deformation in a hydraulic tunnel model.

[0006] Based on the above objectives, the first aspect of the present application provides a device for monitoring water pressure loading and deformation in a hydraulic tunnel model, comprising:

[0007] A tunnel liner is configured to be disposed within a hydraulic tunnel model, with a gap between the outer wall of the tunnel liner and the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model. A first sealing plate and a second sealing plate are provided between the outer wall of the tunnel liner, the first sealing plate and the second sealing plate abutting against the outer wall of the end of the hydraulic tunnel model near the end face of the tunnel liner. A water-containing space is formed between the outer wall of the tunnel liner, the first sealing plate, the second sealing plate, and the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model. The first sealing plate is used to communicate with an external water inlet pipe.

[0008] The water-proof displacement sensing component is arranged on the tunnel lining. The water-proof displacement sensing component includes a monitoring contact. The monitoring contact is in contact with the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model and is used to monitor the deformation of the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model.

[0009] Optionally, the water-proof displacement sensing assembly includes a displacement sensor and a water-proof unit, the water-proof unit is sleeved on the outer wall of the displacement sensor and connected to the displacement sensor, and the water-proof unit is made of polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene material.

[0010] Optionally, the displacement sensor includes an inductor part, a telescopic rod and a spherical contact nut, one end of the telescopic rod is connected to the inductor part, the telescopic rod can be extended and retracted relative to the inductor part, the other end of the telescopic rod is threadedly connected to the spherical contact nut, and the monitoring contact is provided at the end of the spherical contact nut away from the telescopic rod.

[0011] Optionally, an external thread section is provided on a side of the inductor portion close to the telescopic rod;

[0012] The water-proof unit includes a first end plate, a first connecting part, an intermediate spiral part, a second connecting part and a second end plate connected in sequence, the intermediate spiral part is sleeved on the outer wall of the telescopic rod, the first end plate is in contact with the spherical contact nut, and the second end plate is in contact with the external thread section of the inductance part.

[0013] Optionally, the first end plate includes a third end face and a fourth end face that are oppositely arranged, the third end face is an end face away from the telescopic rod, and the fourth end face is an end face close to the telescopic rod;

[0014] The water-proof displacement sensing assembly also includes a fastening nut, which is threadedly connected to the telescopic rod, the first connecting portion is sleeved on the outer wall of the fastening nut, the first end plate is located between the fastening nut and the spherical contact nut, the third end face of the first end plate is in contact and connected with the side of the spherical contact nut close to the telescopic rod, and the fourth end face of the first end plate is in contact and connected with the side of the fastening nut away from the telescopic rod.

[0015] Optionally, the second end plate includes a first end surface and a second end surface that are oppositely arranged, the first end surface is an end surface close to the telescopic rod, and the second end surface is an end surface away from the telescopic rod;

[0016] The water-proof displacement sensing assembly also includes a fastening joint, which includes a threaded section and a fastening head. The threaded section is sleeved on the outer wall of the external threaded section of the inductor part and is threadedly connected to the external threaded section. The fastening head is sleeved on the outer wall of the second connecting part of the water-proof unit. The second end plate is arranged between the fastening joint and the external threaded section. The first end face of the second end plate is in contact and connected with the side of the fastening joint away from the telescopic rod, and the second end face of the second end plate is in contact and connected with the side of the external threaded section close to the telescopic rod.

[0017] Optionally, a hollow cavity is provided inside the tunnel liner and extends along the length direction of the tunnel liner. A plurality of through holes are provided on the side wall of the tunnel liner. The inductor portion of the water-blocking displacement sensor assembly is located in the hollow cavity. The monitoring contacts of the spherical contact nut extend from the corresponding through holes and contact the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model.

[0018] The threaded section of the fastening joint is also provided with an external thread, the hole wall of the through hole is provided with a thread that cooperates with the external thread, and the tunnel lining and the water-proof displacement sensor component are connected through the thread cooperation between the fastening joint and the through hole.

[0019] Optionally, there are multiple water-proof displacement sensor components, and the multiple water-proof displacement sensor components are divided into multiple water-proof groups arranged at intervals, and the multiple water-proof displacement sensor components in each water-proof group are arranged in a ring shape.

[0020] Optionally, a water outlet hole is provided on the second sealing plate, and a water inlet hole is provided on the first sealing plate, and the water inlet hole is used to be connected to an external water inlet pipe.

[0021] A second aspect of the present application provides a method for using a device for water pressure loading and deformation monitoring in a hydraulic tunnel model, comprising:

[0022] Place the device described in any one of the first aspects above in a hydraulic tunnel model to be monitored, ensuring that the end faces of the first sealing plate and the second sealing plate close to the tunnel liner abut against the outer wall of the end of the hydraulic tunnel model, so that a sealed water-containing space is formed between the outer wall of the tunnel liner, the first sealing plate, the second sealing plate, and the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model, and the inductor portion of the water-proof displacement sensor assembly is electrically connected to the data acquisition instrument at the end away from the telescopic rod;

[0023] Connecting the water inlet of the first sealing plate to an external water inlet pipe, and connecting the water outlet of the second sealing plate to an external water outlet pipe, so that a closed water flow pipeline is formed between the external water inlet pipe, the water inlet, the water holding space, the water outlet, and the external water outlet pipe;

[0024] According to the preset water pressure requirement, water is passed into the water inlet pipe to load water pressure to the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model. At the same time, the water-isolating displacement sensor component monitors the deformation of the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model in real time and transmits the detection data to the data acquisition instrument.

[0025] From the above description, it can be seen that the device and method for water pressure loading and deformation monitoring in a hydraulic tunnel model provided by the present application sets the tunnel lining in the hydraulic tunnel model so that a water-containing space is formed between the outer wall of the tunnel lining, the first sealing plate, the second sealing plate and the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model. The first sealing plate is used to communicate with the external water inlet pipe. In actual use, different water pressures can be loaded onto the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model by introducing water of different pressures into the water-containing space. At the same time, in the process of loading water pressure, the deformation of the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model is monitored in real time through the water-isolating displacement sensing component. The deformation of the hydraulic tunnel model when loaded with different water pressures can be accurately and timely grasped, and can be used for scientific research on water environment simulation and deformation monitoring in various hydraulic tunnels. In addition, the monitoring contact contacts the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model, and the contact-type monitoring method improves the sensitivity and accuracy of the entire monitoring process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this application or related technologies, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or related technical descriptions. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely embodiments of this application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a device for water pressure loading and deformation monitoring in a hydraulic tunnel model according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a first sealing plate according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of a water-proof displacement sensor assembly according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 4 An exploded view of a water-proof displacement sensor assembly according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of a water-proof displacement sensor assembly according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the water-proof displacement sensor assembly of an embodiment of the present application after removing the fastening joint;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the displacement sensor and the first end plate of the water barrier unit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the displacement sensor and the second end plate of the water barrier unit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of a fastening joint according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0036] In the figure, 1. tunnel lining; 2. first sealing plate; 21. water inlet; 22. stepped groove; 23. inner edge of sealing plate; 3. second sealing plate; 31. water outlet; 4. water-proof displacement sensor assembly; 41. water-proof unit; 411. first end plate; 412. first connecting part; 413. middle spiral part; 414. second connecting part; 415. second end plate; 42. displacement sensor; 421. inductance part; 4211. external thread section; 422. telescopic rod; 4221. telescopic thread; 423. spherical contact nut; 43. fastening joint; 431. fastening head; 432. thread section; 4321. external thread; 4322. internal thread; 44. fastening nut. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of this application more clear, this application is further described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present application should have the usual meanings understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which this application belongs. The "first", "second" and similar words used in the embodiments of the present application do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word cover the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0039] As described in the background technology, existing test systems can only load different water pressures into the hydraulic tunnel model based on the test purpose. However, the deformation of the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model during the water pressure loading process cannot be accurately and efficiently monitored. This is because, in order to monitor the deformation of the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model during the process of loading water pressure into the hydraulic tunnel model, the monitoring sensor must be placed in the water-containing space. Since water is continuously injected into the water-containing space, this monitoring method places very high demands on the waterproofness of the sensor. Once water enters the sensor, it will cause the sensor to malfunction or become inaccurate. Among the various existing sensors, few meet this waterproof monitoring requirement.

[0040] In related technologies, laser ranging is used to monitor the deformation of the inner wall of a hydraulic tunnel model. However, due to the influence of water flow, the accuracy of laser measurement is greatly reduced. In addition, laser ranging is a non-contact ranging method, and it is difficult to measure the tiny deformation of the inner wall of a hydraulic tunnel model in a timely and accurate manner. As a result, it is impossible to accurately and timely obtain the deformation conditions inside the hydraulic tunnel model, which is not conducive to the conduct of simulation tests.

[0041] Based on this, the present application provides a device and method for water pressure loading and deformation monitoring in a hydraulic tunnel model. In the process of loading water pressure into the hydraulic tunnel model, a contact-type water-proof displacement sensing component is used to monitor the deformation of the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model in real time, so as to accurately and timely grasp the deformation of the hydraulic tunnel model when loading different water pressures.

[0042] Specifically, see Figure 1 The present application provides a device for monitoring water pressure loading and deformation in a hydraulic tunnel model, comprising:

[0043] A tunnel liner 1 is configured to be disposed within a hydraulic tunnel model, with a gap between the outer wall of the tunnel liner 1 and the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model. A first sealing plate 2 and a second sealing plate 3 are spaced apart from each other on the outer wall of the tunnel liner 1. The first sealing plate 2 and the second sealing plate 3 abut against the outer wall of the hydraulic tunnel model near the end face of the tunnel liner 1. A water-containing space is formed between the outer wall of the tunnel liner 1, the first sealing plate 2, the second sealing plate 3, and the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model. The first sealing plate 2 is used to communicate with an external water inlet pipe.

[0044] The water-proof displacement sensing assembly 4 is arranged on the tunnel lining 1. The water-proof displacement sensing assembly 42 includes a monitoring contact. The monitoring contact is in contact with the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model and is used to monitor the deformation of the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model.

[0045] Specifically, the tunnel lining 1 can be a cylindrical structure, and a hollow cavity is provided inside the tunnel lining 1 along the length direction of the tunnel lining 1. There is a gap between the outer wall of the tunnel lining 1 and the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model, and the gap is used to allow water to flow through.

[0046] The outer wall of the tunnel lining 1 is sleeved with a first sealing plate 2 and a second sealing plate 3 . The first sealing plate 2 and the second sealing plate 3 are both sealed to the outer wall of the tunnel lining 1 .

[0047] Among them, the first sealing plate 2 can be annular, and the first sealing plate 2 is flexibly connected to the tunnel lining 1 through a sealing gasket. The flexible connection method allows the position of the first sealing plate 2 relative to the tunnel lining 1 to be movable. In actual use, the device can be flexibly applied to hydraulic tunnel models of different depths, and the position of the first sealing plate 2 can be adjusted according to the actual depth of the hydraulic tunnel model.

[0048] Specifically, see Figure 2 The first sealing plate 2 has a stepped groove 22 formed on its inner ring for accommodating and securing a sealing gasket (illustratively, the sealing gasket may be U-shaped). The sealing gasket is placed in the stepped groove 22, with one side of the sealing gasket abutting the inner ring wall of the first sealing plate 2 and the other side abutting the outer wall of the tunnel lining 1. While ensuring water shutoff, the connection of the sealing gasket allows the first sealing plate 2 to move relative to the tunnel lining 1.

[0049] The first sealing plate 2 is also provided with a water inlet hole 21 for connecting to an external water inlet pipe. In practice, water of varying pressures is introduced into the water inlet pipe, thereby applying varying water pressures to the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model. The water inlet hole 21 can be a straight threaded hole for connecting to a connector on an external water inlet pipe.

[0050] The second sealing plate 3 can be annular and can be bonded to the tunnel lining 1 with strong glue, with the end face of the second sealing plate 3 facing away from the first sealing plate 2 flush with the end face of the tunnel lining 1. A water outlet 31 is provided on the second sealing plate 3. This water outlet 31 can be an L-shaped straight hole, with one end located on the side wall of the second sealing plate 3 and the other end located on the end face of the second sealing plate 3 near the first sealing plate 2. This L-shaped hole is connected to the water-containing space and serves as a water outlet.

[0051] The water-proof displacement sensor assembly 4 is arranged on the tunnel lining 1, and the water-proof displacement sensor assembly 42 includes a monitoring contact, which is in contact with the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model and is used to monitor the deformation of the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model. Specifically, there are multiple water-proof displacement sensor assemblies 4, and the multiple water-proof displacement sensor assemblies 4 are divided into multiple water-proof groups arranged at intervals. The multiple water-proof displacement sensor assemblies 4 in each water-proof group are arranged in a ring shape. The multiple water-proof displacement sensor assemblies 4 arranged in a ring shape enable each water-proof displacement sensor assembly 4 to monitor the deformation of the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model in real time from various positions, further improving the accuracy of deformation monitoring.

[0052] The material of the tunnel lining 1 can be thick-walled, high-rigidity organic glass. The thick-walled, high-rigidity characteristics ensure that the tunnel lining 1 will not be severely deformed due to the high internal water pressure. At the same time, the organic glass material also makes the weight of the entire tunnel lining 1 within a controllable range, which facilitates the transportation and installation of the tunnel lining 1 during the test.

[0053] The wall surface of the tunnel lining 1 is provided with a plurality of groups of annular array straight threaded holes, which are convenient for the installation of the water-proof displacement sensor assembly 4 and play the direct role of the sensor. At the same time, the threaded connection effectively ensures the water sealing of the installation position.

[0054] The device and method for monitoring water pressure loading and deformation in a hydraulic tunnel model provided by the present application sets a tunnel lining 1 in the hydraulic tunnel model so that a water-containing space is formed between the outer wall of the tunnel lining 1, the first sealing plate 2, the second sealing plate 3 and the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model. The first sealing plate 2 is used to communicate with an external water inlet pipe. In actual use, different water pressures can be loaded onto the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model by introducing water of different pressures into the water-containing space. At the same time, during the process of loading water pressure, the deformation of the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model is monitored in real time by the water-isolating displacement sensing component 4. The deformation of the hydraulic tunnel model when loaded with different water pressures can be accurately and timely grasped, and can be used for scientific research on water environment simulation and deformation monitoring in various hydraulic tunnels. In addition, the monitoring contact contacts the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model, and the contact-type monitoring method improves the sensitivity and accuracy of the entire monitoring process.

[0055] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 and Figure 4 The water-proof displacement sensing assembly 4 includes a displacement sensor 42 and a water-proof unit 41 . The water-proof unit 41 is sleeved on the outer wall of the displacement sensor 42 and connected to the displacement sensor 42 .

[0056] Specifically, the displacement sensor 42 includes an inductor part 421, a telescopic rod 422 and a spherical contact nut 423. One end of the telescopic rod 422 is connected to the inductor part 421, and the telescopic rod 422 can be extended and retracted relative to the inductor part 421. The other end of the telescopic rod 422 is threadedly connected to the spherical contact nut 423. The monitoring contact is provided at the end of the spherical contact nut 423 away from the telescopic rod 422.

[0057] Among them, the telescopic rod 422 can be extended and retracted relative to the inductor part 421 in a conventional manner. For example, an inductor cavity is opened in the inductor part 421, and the end of the telescopic rod 422 close to the inductor part 421 extends into the inductor cavity and is connected to the inner wall of the inductor part 421 through an elastic member. In this way, when the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model is deformed, the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model will apply a thrust to the monitoring contact of the spherical contact nut 423, so that the spherical contact nut 423 pushes the telescopic rod 422 in the direction close to the inductor part 421, and then squeezes the elastic member connected to the telescopic rod 422 to realize the movement of the telescopic rod 422 and the monitoring contact. The inductor part 421 is used to monitor the movement of the telescopic rod 422 and the monitoring contact. The movement distance of the telescopic rod 422 and the monitoring contact represents the deformation amount of the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model.

[0058] Furthermore, the displacement sensor 42 may also be a commercially available displacement sensor 42. In this embodiment, the displacement sensor 42 may be a KPZ series miniature self-resetting linear displacement sensor 42 manufactured by Shenzhen Mirante Technology Co., Ltd.

[0059] In the present application, by sleevedly arranging the water-proof unit 41 on the outer wall of the displacement sensor 42 and connecting it to the displacement sensor 42, the water-proof performance of the displacement sensor 42 can be improved, thereby solving the problem of poor water-proof performance of the existing displacement sensor 42, and making the water-proof displacement sensor assembly 4 suitable for deformation monitoring of the inner wall of a hydraulic tunnel model during hydraulic loading.

[0060] Furthermore, the water barrier unit 41 can be a hollow cylindrical structure made of a plastic film material such as polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene. Specifically, the thickness of the hollow cylindrical structure made of the film material can be 5 mm. The water barrier unit 41 made of the film material has the advantages of being thin, flexible, highly compatible, and low-cost. Such a water barrier unit 41 does not resist or affect the extension and retraction of the telescopic rod 422 and is suitable for various sensors.

[0061] In a water environment, the plastic film waterproof unit 41 can be directly applied to the outer wall of the displacement sensor 42, improving the waterproof performance of the displacement sensor 42 while not significantly affecting the cross-sectional area of ​​the displacement sensor 42. This ensures that the cross-sectional area of ​​the displacement sensor 42 extending into the water space remains small, preventing the monitoring contacts from retracting abnormally in high water pressure environments due to an excessively large cross-sectional area. This is because, when the cross-sectional area of ​​the displacement sensor 42 extending into the water space is too large, the monitoring contacts are susceptible to abnormal retraction under the action of the water pressure in high water pressure environments, thus affecting monitoring accuracy. Furthermore, the plastic film has low rigidity and does not hinder the telescopic movement of the telescopic rod 422. When the telescopic rod 422 moves, the waterproof unit 41 moves with the telescopic rod 422. When the telescopic rod 422 extends into the inductor portion 421, the plastic film waterproof unit 41 is squeezed against the outside of the telescopic rod 422, without affecting the movement of the telescopic rod 422. This also ensures that the telescopic rod 422 remains waterproof during movement.

[0062] In some embodiments, see Figure 5 and Figure 6 The inductor part 421 is provided with an external thread section 4211 on the side close to the telescopic rod 422; the water-proof unit 41 includes a first end plate 411, a first connecting part 412, an intermediate spiral part 413, a second connecting part 414 and a second end plate 415 connected in sequence, the intermediate spiral part 413 is sleeved on the outer wall of the telescopic rod 422, the first end plate 411 is in contact and connected with the spherical contact nut 423, and the second end plate 415 is in contact and connected with the external thread section 4211 of the inductor part 421.

[0063] Specifically, the first end plate 411 , the first connecting portion 412 , the middle spiral portion 413 , the second connecting portion 414 and the second end plate 415 are integrally formed without requiring any special process for connection, and are all made of plastic film material.

[0064] The structure of the intermediate spiral portion 413 is coordinated with the structure of the telescopic rod 422. For example, if the telescopic rod 422 is a spiral structure, the intermediate spiral portion 413 is a spiral structure coordinated with the telescopic rod 422. In a specific implementation, the intermediate spiral portion 413 is sleeved on the outer wall of the telescopic rod 422. The intermediate spiral portion 413 and the outer wall of the telescopic rod 422 are not fixed, and the intermediate spiral portion 413 can be attached to the outer wall of the telescopic rod 422 by applying. However, the telescopic rod 422 and the intermediate spiral portion 413 can move relative to each other, so that the provision of the intermediate spiral portion 413 does not affect the movement of the telescopic rod 422.

[0065] Continue to see Figure 4The outer diameters of the first connecting portion 412 and the second connecting portion 414 are both smaller than the outer diameter of the intermediate threaded portion. This arrangement facilitates subsequent coordination and installation of the water barrier unit 41 with other components. The outer diameter of the first end plate 411 is larger than the outer diameter of the first connecting portion 412, and the outer diameter of the second end plate 415 is larger than the outer diameter of the second connecting portion 414. This facilitates the securing of the first and second end plates 411, 415, and achieves a sealed connection between the water barrier unit 41 and the displacement sensor 42.

[0066] In some embodiments, see Figure 7 , the first end plate 411 includes a third end face and a fourth end face arranged opposite to each other, the third end face is the end face away from the telescopic rod 422, and the fourth end face is the end face close to the telescopic rod 422; the water-proof displacement sensing assembly 4 also includes a fastening nut 44, the fastening nut 44 is threadedly connected to the telescopic rod 422, the first connecting portion 412 is sleeved on the outer wall of the fastening nut 44, the first end plate 411 is located between the fastening nut 44 and the spherical contact nut 423, the third end face of the first end plate 411 is in contact and connected with the side of the spherical contact nut 423 close to the telescopic rod 422, and the fourth end face of the first end plate 411 is in contact and connected with the side of the fastening nut 44 away from the telescopic rod 422.

[0067] Specifically, the first end plate 411 is clamped by the fastening nut 44 and the spherical contact nut 423, and both the spherical contact nut 423 and the fastening nut 44 are threadedly connected to the telescopic rod 422. Thus, the first end plate 411 seals the end of the telescopic rod 422 near the spherical contact nut 423, preventing water from entering between the telescopic rod 422 and the spherical contact nut 423, between the telescopic rod 422 and the fastening nut 44, between the spherical contact nut 423 and the fastening nut 44, or between the telescopic rod 422 and the intermediate spiral portion 413. The provision of the first end plate 411 ensures sealing at the end of the telescopic rod 422 near the spherical contact nut 423, thereby improving the waterproofness of the displacement sensor 42. Furthermore, the threaded connections at all locations provide a better watertight seal and facilitate installation.

[0068] In some embodiments, see Figure 8The second end plate 415 includes a first end face and a second end face arranged opposite to each other, the first end face is the end face close to the telescopic rod 422, and the second end face is the end face away from the telescopic rod 422; the water-proof displacement sensing assembly 4 also includes a fastening joint 43, the fastening joint 43 includes a threaded section 432 and a fastening head 431, the threaded section 432 is sleeved on the outer wall of the external threaded section 4211 of the inductor part 421 and is threadedly connected to the external threaded section 4211, the fastening head 431 is sleeved on the outer wall of the second connecting part 414 of the water-proof unit 41, the second end plate 415 is arranged between the fastening joint 43 and the external threaded section 4211, the first end face of the second end plate 415 is in contact with and connected to the side of the fastening joint 43 away from the telescopic rod 422, and the second end face of the second end plate 415 is in contact with and connected to the side of the external threaded section 4211 close to the telescopic rod 422.

[0069] Specifically, the second end plate 415 is clamped by the fastening joint 43 and the external thread section 4211, and the fastening head 431 is sleeved on the outer wall of the second connecting part 414 of the water-proof unit 41, and the thread section 432 is provided with an internal thread 4322. The thread section 432 is threadedly connected to the external thread section 4211 of the inductance part 421 through the internal thread 4322, thereby realizing the clamping of the second end plate 415. Through the clamping of the second end plate 415, the second short plate can play a sealing role in sealing the end of the telescopic rod 422 away from the spherical contact nut 423, thereby preventing water from flowing into the space between the telescopic rod 422 and the external thread section 4211, or between the external thread section 4211 and the fastening joint 43, or between the telescopic rod 422 and the middle spiral part 413. The setting of the second end plate 415 ensures the sealing of the end of the telescopic rod 422 away from the spherical contact nut 423, thereby improving the waterproofness of the displacement sensor 42. In addition, all connections are threaded, which has a better water sealing effect and is convenient for actual installation.

[0070] By setting up a waterproof unit 41, the entire telescopic rod 422 is sealed and waterproof, and a better sealing design is performed from both ends to ensure that water will not enter the telescopic rod 422 and the position where the telescopic rod 422 cooperates with other components, thereby improving the waterproof performance of the entire displacement sensor 42.

[0071] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 The side wall of the tunnel lining 1 is provided with a plurality of through holes, the inductor portion 421 of the water-blocking displacement sensor assembly 4 is located in the hollow cavity, and the monitoring contacts of the spherical contact nut 423 extend out of the corresponding through holes and contact the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model; see Figure 9The threaded section 432 of the fastening joint 43 is further provided with an external thread 4321. The wall of the through hole is provided with threads that mate with the external thread 4321. The tunnel lining 1 and the water-blocking displacement sensor assembly 4 are connected via the threads of the fastening joint 43 and the through hole. Specifically, the threaded connection effectively ensures a watertight seal at the installation location.

[0072] The present application also provides a method for using a device for water pressure loading and deformation monitoring in a hydraulic tunnel model, comprising:

[0073] Step S100: Place the device described in any one of claims 1 to 9 in a hydraulic tunnel model to be monitored, ensure that the first sealing plate 2 and the second sealing plate 3 are both in contact with the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model, so that a sealed water-containing space is formed between the outer wall of the tunnel lining 1, the first sealing plate 2, the second sealing plate 3, and the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model, and the end of the inductance portion 421 of the water-proof displacement sensor assembly 4 away from the telescopic rod 422 is electrically connected to the data acquisition instrument;

[0074] Step S200: Connect the water inlet 21 of the first sealing plate 2 to the external water inlet pipe, and connect the water outlet 31 of the second sealing plate 3 to the external water outlet pipe, so that a closed water flow pipeline is formed between the external water inlet pipe, the water inlet 21, the water holding space, the water outlet 31, and the external water outlet pipe;

[0075] Step S300: According to the preset water pressure requirement, water is passed into the water inlet pipe to load water pressure to the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model. At the same time, the water-isolating displacement sensor component 4 monitors the deformation of the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model in real time and transmits the detection data to the data acquisition instrument.

[0076] Specifically, in step S100, the water pressure loading and deformation monitoring device in the hydraulic tunnel model without the first sealing plate installed is first placed in the hydraulic tunnel model to be monitored, ensuring that the second sealing plate is in contact with the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model. According to the depth of the hydraulic tunnel model actually monitored, the first sealing plate is installed on the outside of the tunnel lining and is in contact with the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model.

[0077] The first sealing plate 2 is connected to the tunnel lining 1 through a sealing gasket, so that the relative position between the first sealing plate 2 and the tunnel lining 1 can be adjusted according to actual conditions, making it convenient to install the first sealing plate 2 according to the depth of the hydraulic tunnel model actually monitored.

[0078] The method for using the water pressure loading and deformation monitoring device in the hydraulic tunnel model described in this application is to set the tunnel lining 1 in the hydraulic tunnel model so that a water-containing space is formed between the outer wall of the tunnel lining 1, the first sealing plate 2, the second sealing plate 3 and the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model. The first sealing plate 2 is used to communicate with the external water inlet pipe. In actual use, different water pressures can be loaded onto the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model by introducing water of different pressures into the water-containing space; at the same time, in the process of loading water pressure, the deformation of the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model is monitored in real time by the water-isolating displacement sensing component 4, so that the deformation of the hydraulic tunnel model when loaded with different water pressures can be accurately and timely grasped. It can be used for scientific research on water environment simulation and deformation monitoring in various hydraulic tunnels. In addition, the monitoring contact contacts the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model, and the contact monitoring method improves the sensitivity and accuracy of the entire monitoring process.

[0079] It should be noted that the above description is limited to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims may be performed in an order different from that described in the above embodiments and still achieve the desired results. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require the specific order or sequential order shown to achieve the desired results. In certain embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0080] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely illustrative and is not intended to imply that the scope of the present disclosure (including the claims) is limited to these examples. Within the scope of the present disclosure, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments may be combined, the steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the embodiments of the present disclosure as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of simplicity.

[0081] The embodiments of the present disclosure are intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the embodiments of the present disclosure should be included in the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A device for monitoring water pressure loading and deformation in a hydraulic tunnel model, characterized in that: include: A tunnel liner is configured to be disposed within a hydraulic tunnel model, with a gap between the outer wall of the tunnel liner and the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model. A first sealing plate and a second sealing plate are provided between the outer wall of the tunnel liner, the first sealing plate and the second sealing plate abutting against the outer wall of the end of the hydraulic tunnel model near the end face of the tunnel liner. A water-containing space is formed between the outer wall of the tunnel liner, the first sealing plate, the second sealing plate, and the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model. The first sealing plate is used to communicate with an external water inlet pipe. A water-proof displacement sensing assembly is arranged on the tunnel lining. The water-proof displacement sensing assembly includes a monitoring contact. The monitoring contact is in contact with the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model and is used to monitor the deformation of the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model. The water-proof displacement sensing assembly includes a displacement sensor and a water-proof unit. The water-proof unit is sleeved on the outer wall of the displacement sensor and connected to the displacement sensor. The water-proof unit is made of polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene material. The displacement sensor includes an inductor part, a telescopic rod and a spherical contact nut. One end of the telescopic rod is connected to the inductor part, and the telescopic rod can be telescoped relative to the inductor part. The other end of the telescopic rod is threadedly connected to the spherical contact nut. The monitoring contact is provided at the end of the spherical contact nut away from the telescopic rod.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that An external thread section is provided on one side of the inductor portion close to the telescopic rod; The water-proof unit includes a first end plate, a first connecting part, an intermediate spiral part, a second connecting part and a second end plate connected in sequence, the intermediate spiral part is sleeved on the outer wall of the telescopic rod, the first end plate is in contact with the spherical contact nut, and the second end plate is in contact with the external thread section of the inductance part.

3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that The first end plate includes a third end face and a fourth end face that are oppositely arranged, the third end face is an end face away from the telescopic rod, and the fourth end face is an end face close to the telescopic rod; The water-proof displacement sensing assembly also includes a fastening nut, which is threadedly connected to the telescopic rod, the first connecting portion is sleeved on the outer wall of the fastening nut, the first end plate is located between the fastening nut and the spherical contact nut, the third end face of the first end plate is in contact and connected with the side of the spherical contact nut close to the telescopic rod, and the fourth end face of the first end plate is in contact and connected with the side of the fastening nut away from the telescopic rod.

4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that The second end plate includes a first end surface and a second end surface that are oppositely arranged, the first end surface is an end surface close to the telescopic rod, and the second end surface is an end surface away from the telescopic rod; The water-proof displacement sensing assembly also includes a fastening joint, which includes a threaded section and a fastening head. The threaded section is sleeved on the outer wall of the external threaded section of the inductor part and is threadedly connected to the external threaded section. The fastening head is sleeved on the outer wall of the second connecting part of the water-proof unit. The second end plate is arranged between the fastening joint and the external threaded section. The first end face of the second end plate is in contact and connected with the side of the fastening joint away from the telescopic rod, and the second end face of the second end plate is in contact and connected with the side of the external threaded section close to the telescopic rod.

5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that The tunnel lining is provided with a hollow cavity extending along the length of the tunnel lining, and a plurality of through holes are provided on the side wall of the tunnel lining. The inductance portion of the water-blocking displacement sensor assembly is located in the hollow cavity, and the monitoring contacts of the spherical contact nut extend from the corresponding through holes and contact the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model. The threaded section of the fastening joint is also provided with an external thread, the hole wall of the through hole is provided with a thread that cooperates with the external thread, and the tunnel lining and the water-proof displacement sensor component are connected through the thread cooperation between the fastening joint and the through hole.

6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that There are multiple water-proof displacement sensor components, and the multiple water-proof displacement sensor components are divided into multiple water-proof groups arranged at intervals. The multiple water-proof displacement sensor components in each water-proof group are arranged in a ring shape.

7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The second sealing plate is provided with a water outlet hole, and the first sealing plate is provided with a water inlet hole, and the water inlet hole is used to be connected to an external water inlet pipe.

8. A method for using a device for water pressure loading and deformation monitoring in a hydraulic tunnel model, characterized in that: include: The device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is placed in a hydraulic tunnel model to be monitored, ensuring that the end faces of the first sealing plate and the second sealing plate close to the tunnel lining abut against the outer wall of the end of the hydraulic tunnel model, so that a sealed water-containing space is formed between the outer wall of the tunnel lining, the first sealing plate, the second sealing plate and the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model, and the inductance portion of the water-proof displacement sensor assembly is electrically connected to the data acquisition instrument at the end away from the telescopic rod; Connecting the water inlet of the first sealing plate to an external water inlet pipe, and connecting the water outlet of the second sealing plate to an external water outlet pipe, so that a closed water flow pipeline is formed between the external water inlet pipe, the water inlet, the water holding space, the water outlet, and the external water outlet pipe; According to the preset water pressure requirement, water is passed into the water inlet pipe to load water pressure to the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model. At the same time, the water-isolating displacement sensor component monitors the deformation of the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel model in real time and transmits the detection data to the data acquisition instrument.

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