Three-dimensional piezoelectric smart aggregate for concrete structure health monitoring

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of civil engineering structure monitoring, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional piezoelectric intelligent aggregate for concrete structure health monitoring, which comprises an annular metal protective shell, the bottom end of the annular metal protective shell is provided with a tubular metal protective shell arranged vertically, a shielding assembly is fixedly connected between the annular metal protective shell and the tubular metal protective shell, a vertical pressure monitoring assembly is circumferentially arranged in the annular metal protective shell, and a first sealing assembly is arranged between the vertical pressure monitoring assembly and the annular metal protective shell; a horizontal pressure monitoring assembly is circumferentially arranged in the tubular metal protective shell, and a second sealing assembly is arranged between the horizontal pressure monitoring assembly and the tubular metal protective shell; and the vertical pressure monitoring assembly and the horizontal pressure monitoring assembly are electrically connected with a data acquisition device. When the application is used, the first through hole and the second through hole are arranged, so that the application is convenient to install and can be embedded in the concrete structure to realize the purpose of real-time online three-dimensional monitoring.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of civil engineering structure monitoring, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional piezoelectric intelligent aggregate for concrete structure health monitoring. BACKGROUND

[0002] Concrete is the most commonly used material in building structures, and it is particularly important to monitor the performance of concrete structures for a long time and make safety evaluation. Piezoelectric ceramic material has positive and inverse piezoelectric effects, and can be used as a driver or a sensor at the same time. It has fast response speed, high sensitivity, good stability, low cost, easy processing and low energy consumption, so it is widely used in the field of concrete structure health monitoring. However, since the piezoelectric ceramic material has small strain and is easy to break, it is extremely likely to be broken when it is pasted on the surface of the concrete structure or embedded in the interior of the concrete structure. In order to improve the durability of the piezoelectric ceramic material, the piezoelectric ceramic material needs to be packaged. The packaged piezoelectric ceramic material is called piezoelectric intelligent aggregate.

[0003] The core of the existing piezoelectric intelligent aggregate is usually a piezoelectric ceramic sheet, that is, it can only monitor one-dimensional concrete structures (such as slender beams, rods and other structures). Some scholars package piezoelectric ceramic tubes, which can monitor two-dimensional concrete structures (such as shear walls, concrete slabs and other structures). However, most of the concrete structures in actual engineering are three-dimensional structures with large volume. If all directions of the concrete structures are to be monitored, the existing one-dimensional and two-dimensional piezoelectric intelligent aggregates limit the scope of application. Some scholars have proposed that multiple one-dimensional piezoelectric intelligent aggregate arrays are used to monitor three-dimensional structures, but this method requires a large number of intelligent aggregates, which affects the performance of the concrete structure, and it is troublesome to arrange the structure, the arrangement form needs to be optimized and adjusted according to the shape of the structure, and the cost is high. In addition, the packaging material of the existing piezoelectric intelligent aggregate is usually concrete material, and its strength is not much higher than that of the monitored concrete structure. The damage of the concrete structure often causes the damage of the piezoelectric intelligent aggregate. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the application is to provide a three-dimensional piezoelectric intelligent aggregate for concrete structure health monitoring to solve the above problems and achieve the purpose of convenient installation and real-time online three-dimensional monitoring embedded in the interior of the concrete structure.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the application provides the following solutions:

[0006] The utility model provides a three -dimensional piezoelectric intelligent aggregate for concrete structure health monitoring, including annular metal protection shell, the bottom of annular metal protection shell is provided with the tubular metal protection shell of vertical setting, shielding assembly is fixedly connected between annular metal protection shell and tubular metal protection shell, the center of annular metal protection shell is equipped with first through -hole, first through -hole is arranged with annular metal protection shell coaxially, vertical pressure monitoring assembly is arranged in the circumference of annular metal protection shell, and first sealing assembly is arranged between vertical pressure monitoring assembly and annular metal protection shell;

[0007] The center of the tubular metal protection shell is provided with a second through hole, and the second through hole is coaxially arranged with the tubular metal protection shell. A horizontal pressure monitoring assembly is arranged in the circumference of the tubular metal protection shell. The horizontal pressure monitoring assembly is used to detect the pressure on the horizontal X, Y axes. A second sealing assembly is arranged between the horizontal pressure monitoring assembly and the tubular metal protection shell.

[0008] The vertical pressure monitoring assembly and the horizontal pressure monitoring assembly are electrically connected with a data acquisition device.

[0009] Preferably, the vertical pressure monitoring assembly includes an annular piezoelectric ceramic sheet arranged in the annular metal protection shell. The annular metal protection shell is coaxially arranged with the annular piezoelectric ceramic sheet. The first sealing assembly is arranged between the annular metal protection shell and the annular piezoelectric ceramic sheet. The annular piezoelectric ceramic sheet is electrically connected with an upper structure shielding wire. The upper structure shielding wire passes out of the annular metal protection shell and is electrically connected with the data acquisition device.

[0010] Preferably, the first sealing assembly includes an annular epoxy resin protective layer. The annular epoxy resin protective layer is coated on the annular piezoelectric ceramic sheet. An upper glue filling sealing layer is filled between the annular epoxy resin protective layer and the annular metal protection shell.

[0011] Preferably, the horizontal pressure monitoring assembly includes a piezoelectric ceramic tube arranged in the tubular metal protection shell. The tubular metal protection shell is coaxially arranged with the piezoelectric ceramic tube. The second sealing assembly is arranged between the tubular metal protection shell and the piezoelectric ceramic tube. The piezoelectric ceramic tube is electrically connected with a lower structure shielding wire. The lower structure shielding wire passes out of the tubular metal protection shell and is electrically connected with the data acquisition device.

[0012] Preferably, the second sealing assembly includes a tubular epoxy resin protective layer. The tubular epoxy resin protective layer is coated on the piezoelectric ceramic tube. A lower glue filling sealing layer is filled between the tubular epoxy resin protective layer and the tubular metal protection shell.

[0013] Preferably, the shielding assembly includes an annular metal shielding pad, the top surface of which is fixedly connected to the annular metal protective shell, and the bottom surface of which is fixedly connected to the tubular metal protective shell. The annular metal protective shell, the annular metal shielding pad, and the tubular metal protective shell are coaxially arranged.

[0014] Preferably, it includes the following steps:

[0015] S1. Cleaning vertical pressure monitoring components and horizontal pressure monitoring components;

[0016] S2. Electrically connect the vertical pressure monitoring component, the horizontal pressure monitoring component, and the data acquisition device;

[0017] S3. Waterproofing and insulation treatment of the vertical pressure monitoring components and the horizontal pressure monitoring components;

[0018] S4. Place the vertical pressure monitoring component into the annular metal protective shell, place the horizontal pressure monitoring component into the tubular metal protective shell, and encapsulate them with the shielding component.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0020] The invention has a tubular external shape. By providing a first and second through-hole, it can be fitted onto the reinforcing steel inside a concrete structure, thus embedding itself within the structure for monitoring without affecting its performance. By incorporating vertical and horizontal pressure monitoring components, the invention can simultaneously monitor various directions of the concrete structure, thereby assessing the overall health of the three-dimensional concrete structure. The invention can be directly fitted onto the reinforcing steel inside the concrete structure, solving the problem of difficult sensor installation. The first and second sealing components ensure good sealing and compatibility between the vertical and horizontal pressure monitoring components and the annular and tubular metal protective shells. The annular and tubular metal protective shells give the invention strong compressive and tensile strength, far exceeding that of ordinary concrete structures. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the components of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a vertical cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the vertical pressure monitoring component of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the horizontal pressure monitoring component of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the experimental testing of the present invention as a piezoelectric actuator;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the experimental testing of the present invention as a piezoelectric sensor.

[0028] The components are as follows: 1. Annular metal protective shell; 2. Upper potting and sealing layer; 3. Annular epoxy resin protective layer; 4. Annular piezoelectric ceramic sheet; 5. Annular metal shielding gasket; 6. Piezoelectric ceramic tube; 7. Tubular epoxy resin protective layer; 8. Lower potting and sealing layer; 9. Tubular metal protective shell; 10. Upper structure shielded wire; 11. Lower structure shielded wire. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] Reference Figures 1-4 This invention provides a three-dimensional piezoelectric smart aggregate for health monitoring of concrete structures, including an annular metal protective shell 1, a vertically arranged tubular metal protective shell 9 at the bottom end of the annular metal protective shell 1, a shielding component fixedly connected between the annular metal protective shell 1 and the tubular metal protective shell 9, a first through hole at the center of the annular metal protective shell 1, the first through hole being coaxially arranged with the annular metal protective shell 1, a vertical pressure monitoring component arranged in the inner circumference of the annular metal protective shell 1, and a first sealing component arranged between the vertical pressure monitoring component and the annular metal protective shell 1;

[0032] The tubular metal protective shell 9 has a second through hole at its center, which is coaxial with the tubular metal protective shell 9. A horizontal pressure monitoring component is provided in the inner circumference of the tubular metal protective shell 9. The horizontal pressure monitoring component is used to detect the pressure on the X and Y axes of the horizontal plane. A second sealing component is provided between the horizontal pressure monitoring component and the tubular metal protective shell 9.

[0033] The vertical pressure monitoring component and the horizontal pressure monitoring component are electrically connected to a data acquisition device.

[0034] The invention has a tubular external shape. By providing a first and a second through hole, it can be fitted onto the reinforcing steel inside the concrete structure, thus embedding itself within the concrete structure for monitoring without affecting the structure's performance. By incorporating vertical and horizontal pressure monitoring components, the invention can simultaneously monitor various directions of the concrete structure, thereby assessing the overall health status of the three-dimensional concrete structure. The invention can be directly fitted onto the reinforcing steel inside the concrete structure, solving the problem of difficult sensor installation. The first and second sealing components ensure good sealing and compatibility between the vertical and horizontal pressure monitoring components and the annular metal protective shell 1 and the tubular metal protective shell 9. The annular metal protective shell 1 and the tubular metal protective shell 9 give the invention strong compressive and tensile strength, far exceeding that of ordinary concrete structures.

[0035] The scheme is further optimized. The vertical pressure monitoring component includes an annular piezoelectric ceramic sheet 4 set inside an annular metal protective shell 1. The annular metal protective shell 1 and the annular piezoelectric ceramic sheet 4 are coaxially arranged. The first sealing component is set between the annular metal protective shell 1 and the annular piezoelectric ceramic sheet 4. The annular piezoelectric ceramic sheet 4 is electrically connected to an upper structure shielding wire 10. The upper structure shielding wire 10 passes through the annular metal protective shell 1 and is electrically connected to the data acquisition device.

[0036] One end of the shielded wire 10 in the upper structure is a red and black wire, and the other end is a snap-on shielded plug. The red and black wires are respectively soldered to the positive and negative poles of the annular piezoelectric ceramic sheet 4. The snap-on shielded plug is used to connect the data acquisition device to realize the transmission and reception of signals.

[0037] In a further optimized design, the first sealing component includes an annular epoxy resin protective layer 3, which covers the annular piezoelectric ceramic sheet 4, and an upper potting sealant layer 2 is filled between the annular epoxy resin protective layer 3 and the annular metal protective shell 1.

[0038] The ring-shaped piezoelectric ceramic sheet 4 can function as both an actuator to transmit signals and a sensor (receiver) to acquire signals. Ultimately, the health status of the concrete structure can be assessed by monitoring changes in the signals acquired by the sensor, thereby achieving intelligent monitoring of the concrete structure in the vertical direction.

[0039] The scheme is further optimized. The horizontal pressure monitoring component includes a piezoelectric ceramic tube 6 installed inside a tubular metal protective shell 9. The tubular metal protective shell 9 and the piezoelectric ceramic tube 6 are coaxially arranged. A second sealing component is installed between the tubular metal protective shell 9 and the piezoelectric ceramic tube 6. The piezoelectric ceramic tube 6 is electrically connected to a lower structure shielded wire 11. The lower structure shielded wire 11 passes through the tubular metal protective shell 9 and is electrically connected to the data acquisition device.

[0040] One end of the shielded wire 11 in the lower structure is a red and black wire, and the other end is a snap-on shielded plug. The red and black wires are soldered to the positive and negative terminals of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 6, respectively. The snap-on shielded plug is used to connect the data acquisition device to realize the transmission and reception of signals.

[0041] In a further optimized design, the second sealing component includes a tubular epoxy resin protective layer 7, which covers the piezoelectric ceramic tube 6, and a lower potting sealant layer 8 is filled between the tubular epoxy resin protective layer 7 and the tubular metal protective shell 9.

[0042] The upper potting sealing layer 2 and the lower potting sealing layer 8 are mainly sealed with epoxy resin adhesive to the piezoelectric ceramic material. Epoxy resin adhesive is poured into the annular metal protective shell 1 and the tubular metal protective shell 9 until the adhesive completely fills the metal protective shell, forming the upper potting sealing layer 2 and the lower potting sealing layer 8. This is equivalent to using a certain thickness of epoxy resin to replace the air layer, ensuring good sealing and compatibility between the piezoelectric ceramic material and the metal protective shell. At the same time, because epoxy resin adhesive also has extremely strong adhesive properties, using this adhesive to bond the various components of the invention results in better overall integrity and higher strength.

[0043] The piezoelectric ceramic tube 6 can act as both an actuator to transmit signals and a sensor (receiver) to collect signals. Ultimately, the health status of the concrete structure can be assessed by the changes in the signals collected by the sensor, thereby achieving intelligent monitoring of the concrete structure in the horizontal direction. By setting up the annular piezoelectric ceramic sheet 4 and the piezoelectric ceramic tube 6, stress waves can be emitted in any direction and received in any direction, thus enabling three-dimensional monitoring of the concrete structure.

[0044] To provide channels for the upper structure shielded wire 10 and the lower structure shielded wire 11, a small notch is made at the edges of the annular metal protective shell 1 and the tubular metal protective shell 9. It should be noted that after encapsulation, this notch needs to be sealed with epoxy resin.

[0045] The scheme is further optimized. The shielding component includes an annular metal shielding pad 5. The top surface of the annular metal shielding pad 5 is fixedly connected to the annular metal protective shell 1, and the bottom surface of the annular metal shielding pad 5 is fixedly connected to the tubular metal protective shell 9. The annular metal protective shell 1, the annular metal shielding pad 5, and the tubular metal protective shell 9 are coaxially arranged.

[0046] The annular metal protective shell 1, the annular metal shielding gasket 5, and the tubular metal protective shell 9 are all made of seamless stainless steel. Using seamless stainless steel as the protective shell significantly improves the compressive and shear strength of the piezoelectric ceramic material. This encapsulation method helps avoid electromagnetic interference during the excitation and acquisition of signals by the piezoelectric ceramic material, effectively reducing the impact of noise and other factors on the material and improving the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0047] Further optimization of the plan includes the following steps:

[0048] S1. Cleaning vertical pressure monitoring components and horizontal pressure monitoring components;

[0049] S2. Electrically connect the vertical pressure monitoring component, the horizontal pressure monitoring component, and the data acquisition device;

[0050] S3. Waterproofing and insulation treatment of the vertical pressure monitoring components and the horizontal pressure monitoring components;

[0051] S4. Place the vertical pressure monitoring component into the annular metal protective shell 1, and the horizontal pressure monitoring component into the tubular metal protective shell 9, and encapsulate them with a shielding component.

[0052] In step S1, acetone is used to clean the upper and lower surfaces of the annular piezoelectric ceramic sheet 4 and the inner and outer surfaces of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 6 to remove surface oil and oxide film, thereby ensuring that the piezoelectric ceramic material has good charge output performance. The annular piezoelectric ceramic sheet 4 has an outer diameter of 20 mm, an inner diameter of 10 mm, and a thickness of 2 mm; the piezoelectric ceramic tube 6 has an inner diameter of 17 mm, a thickness of 1.5 mm, and a height of 25 mm.

[0053] In step S3, an epoxy resin layer with a thickness of approximately 1 mm is applied to the upper and lower surfaces of the annular piezoelectric ceramic sheet 4 and the inner and outer surfaces of the piezoelectric ceramic tube 6, forming an annular epoxy resin protective layer 3 and a tubular epoxy resin protective layer 7 of the piezoelectric ceramic material. The epoxy resin coating thickness should be kept as uniform as possible to ensure the sensitivity of the piezoelectric ceramic material to stress wave changes.

[0054] In step S4, since the piezoelectric ceramic material surface and the metal protective shell are not in complete contact, the space between them is filled with air, which has very low transmittance. This significantly affects the transmission and reception efficiency of the piezoelectric ceramic material and introduces errors into the test data. Therefore, epoxy resin needs to be continuously injected into the annular metal protective shell 1 and the tubular metal protective shell 9 until the resin fills the entire metal protective shell, forming the upper epoxy sealing layer 2 and the lower epoxy sealing layer 8. This is equivalent to using a certain thickness of epoxy resin to replace the air layer, ensuring good sealing and compatibility between the piezoelectric ceramic material and the metal protective shell.

[0055] After completion, the total external height of the three-dimensional piezoelectric smart aggregate is 36mm; the external diameter is 26mm; the diameter of the second through hole is 11mm; and the diameter of the first through hole is 6mm.

[0056] Reference Figures 5-6 The ability of the present invention to generate excitation and acquisition signals was tested experimentally.

[0057] Two different sized concrete specimens were used for testing: a cube specimen with a length, width, and height of 400 mm, and a cylinder specimen with a diameter and height of 300 mm. Before pouring the concrete, the three-dimensional piezoelectric smart aggregate was fitted onto the reinforcing steel and secured with wire. The concrete mix ratio was cement:sand:aggregate:water = 1:1.5:2.3:0.5. Ordinary Portland cement with a strength grade of 42.5 was used, medium sand was used as the fine aggregate, aggregate with a particle size range of 5 mm to 10 mm was used as the coarse aggregate, and ordinary tap water was used. After the concrete was poured, it was cured in a standard curing room for 28 days, and the strength grade of the concrete specimens was measured to be C30.

[0058] A piezoelectric wave monitoring platform was used to monitor the health status of concrete specimens embedded with three-dimensional piezoelectric smart aggregate, thereby verifying the excitation and acquisition capabilities of this three-dimensional piezoelectric smart aggregate. The monitoring platform consists of an arbitrary function / waveform generator, a power amplifier, a piezoelectric actuator, a piezoelectric sensor, a data acquisition card, a test terminal, and shielded wires. The signal generator produces an excitation electrical signal, which is amplified by the signal amplifier and then transmitted to the piezoelectric actuator via the shielded wires. Due to the inverse piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric ceramic material, the piezoelectric actuator converts the electrical signal into a stress wave propagating within the concrete structure. This stress wave carries important information about changes in the internal performance of the structure as it propagates. When the stress wave reaches the piezoelectric sensor, due to the direct piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric ceramic, the sensor converts the stress wave into an electrical signal, which is then transmitted to the data acquisition card via the shielded wires. The data acquisition card converts the acquired electrical signal into data and transmits it to the test terminal. The test terminal processes and analyzes the data. By analyzing the differences in the signals acquired by the sensors, the health status of the concrete structure can be monitored and evaluated.

[0059] The arrows indicate the direction of signal propagation. In the experimental test, the three-dimensional piezoelectric smart aggregate prepared according to this invention was embedded in the center of the concrete specimen. The remaining piezoelectric actuators / sensors were all piezoelectric ceramic sheets, which were attached to the surface of the concrete specimen using coupling agent. Figure 5 , Figure 6 The experimental procedures for using this invention as a piezoelectric actuator and a piezoelectric sensor are illustrated respectively. Through testing, it was found that whether used as a piezoelectric actuator to excite signals or as a piezoelectric sensor to acquire signals, this invention possesses sufficient sensitivity and reliability, and can effectively and in real-time monitor the health status of concrete specimens in all directions.

[0060] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0061] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional piezoelectric smart aggregate for health monitoring of concrete structures, characterized in that, The device includes an annular metal protective shell (1), a vertically arranged tubular metal protective shell (9) at the bottom end of the annular metal protective shell (1), a shielding component fixedly connected between the annular metal protective shell (1) and the tubular metal protective shell (9), a first through hole at the center of the annular metal protective shell (1), the first through hole being coaxially arranged with the annular metal protective shell (1), a vertical pressure monitoring component arranged circumferentially inside the annular metal protective shell (1), and a first sealing component arranged between the vertical pressure monitoring component and the annular metal protective shell (1). The tubular metal protective shell (9) has a second through hole in the center. The second through hole is coaxially arranged with the tubular metal protective shell (9). A horizontal pressure monitoring component is arranged in the inner circumferential direction of the tubular metal protective shell (9). The horizontal pressure monitoring component is used to detect the pressure on the horizontal plane X and Y axes. A second sealing component is arranged between the horizontal pressure monitoring component and the tubular metal protective shell (9). The vertical pressure monitoring component and the horizontal pressure monitoring component are electrically connected to a data acquisition device; The vertical pressure monitoring component includes an annular piezoelectric ceramic sheet (4) disposed within the annular metal protective shell (1). The annular metal protective shell (1) and the annular piezoelectric ceramic sheet (4) are coaxially arranged. A first sealing component is disposed between the annular metal protective shell (1) and the annular piezoelectric ceramic sheet (4). The annular piezoelectric ceramic sheet (4) is electrically connected to an upper structure shielding wire (10). The upper structure shielding wire (10) extends out of the annular metal protective shell (1) and is electrically connected to the data acquisition device. The first sealing component includes an annular epoxy resin protective layer (3). The annular epoxy resin protective layer (3) covers the annular piezoelectric ceramic sheet (4). The space between the annular epoxy resin protective layer (3) and the annular metal protective shell (1) is filled with upper potting compound. Sealing layer (2); The horizontal pressure monitoring component includes a piezoelectric ceramic tube (6) disposed inside a tubular metal protective shell (9), the tubular metal protective shell (9) and the piezoelectric ceramic tube (6) being coaxially disposed, the second sealing component being disposed between the tubular metal protective shell (9) and the piezoelectric ceramic tube (6), the piezoelectric ceramic tube (6) being electrically connected to a lower structure shielded wire (11), the lower structure shielded wire (11) passing through the tubular metal protective shell (9) and being electrically connected to the data acquisition device; the second sealing component includes a tubular epoxy resin protective layer (7), the tubular epoxy resin protective layer (7) covering the piezoelectric ceramic tube (6), and a lower potting sealant layer (8) filling the space between the tubular epoxy resin protective layer (7) and the tubular metal protective shell (9).

2. The three-dimensional piezoelectric smart aggregate for health monitoring of concrete structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shielding assembly includes an annular metal shielding pad (5), the top surface of which is fixedly connected to the annular metal protective shell (1), and the bottom surface of which is fixedly connected to the tubular metal protective shell (9). The annular metal protective shell (1), the annular metal shielding pad (5), and the tubular metal protective shell (9) are coaxially arranged.

3. A method for manufacturing a three-dimensional piezoelectric smart aggregate for health monitoring of concrete structures according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Cleaning vertical pressure monitoring components and horizontal pressure monitoring components; S2. Electrically connect the vertical pressure monitoring component, the horizontal pressure monitoring component, and the data acquisition device; S3. Waterproofing and insulation treatment of the vertical pressure monitoring components and the horizontal pressure monitoring components; S4. Place the vertical pressure monitoring component into the annular metal protective shell (1), place the horizontal pressure monitoring component into the tubular metal protective shell (9), and encapsulate it through the shielding component.

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