Method and apparatus for controlling a photovoltaic system, electronic device, storage medium
By acquiring the maximum output power of photovoltaics and environmental parameters, and combining the Kalman prediction algorithm and database, the on/off state of photovoltaic panels is dynamically adjusted, solving the problem that existing technologies cannot simultaneously take into account the effects of temperature and sunlight, and achieving high-precision control and efficiency improvement of photovoltaic systems.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- BEIJING HAOCHANG TIANDING TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2023-07-11
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-24
Smart Images
Figure CN116700426B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, such as a method and apparatus for controlling a photovoltaic system, electronic equipment, and storage medium. Background Technology
[0002] Currently, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is commonly used to control photovoltaic (PV) systems, enabling them to maximize output power and thus improve the utilization efficiency of PV cells. Commonly used MPPT algorithms in practice include fixed voltage tracking and incremental conductance tracking.
[0003] Among the various control methods, the fixed voltage tracking method has the advantages of simple and convenient control, high reliability and stability. However, its disadvantage is that it ignores the influence of external temperature on the output characteristics of photovoltaic cells; when temperature changes significantly, the accuracy of controlling the photovoltaic system using the fixed voltage tracking method is poor. The incremental conductance method, on the other hand, has the advantage of quickly tracking changes in environmental conditions, making it suitable for locations with rapidly changing weather. However, the incremental conductance method is not sensitive to changes in light intensity, resulting in relatively poor accuracy in controlling the photovoltaic system using this method.
[0004] In the process of implementing the embodiments of this disclosure, it has been found that at least the following problems exist in the related technology: in the related technology, the influence of external temperature and light intensity cannot be taken into account when controlling the photovoltaic system, resulting in poor accuracy in controlling the photovoltaic system.
[0005] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section above is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of this application, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention
[0006] To provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the disclosed embodiments, a brief summary is given below. This summary is not intended as a general commentary, nor is it intended to identify key / important components or describe the scope of protection of these embodiments, but rather as a prelude to the detailed description that follows.
[0007] This disclosure provides a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for controlling a photovoltaic system, in order to improve the accuracy of controlling the photovoltaic system.
[0008] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic system includes a plurality of photovoltaic panels; the method for controlling the photovoltaic system includes: acquiring the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system and environmental parameters; the environmental parameters include ambient temperature and light intensity; determining a voltage estimate based on the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system; and controlling the switching on and off of each photovoltaic panel based on the voltage estimate and the environmental parameters.
[0009] In some embodiments, obtaining the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system includes: obtaining an instantaneous estimate of the historical output power; and calculating the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system using the instantaneous estimate of the historical output power according to the Kalman prediction algorithm.
[0010] In some embodiments, determining the voltage estimate based on the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system includes: using a preset estimate query database to perform a lookup operation on the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system to obtain the voltage estimate corresponding to the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system; the estimate query database stores the correspondence between the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system and the voltage estimate.
[0011] In some embodiments, after obtaining the voltage estimate corresponding to the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system, the method further includes: obtaining the measured voltage value; updating the estimated value and querying the database based on the voltage estimate and the measured voltage value.
[0012] In some embodiments, the environmental parameters further include: meteorological information; controlling the on / off state of each photovoltaic panel based on the voltage estimate and the environmental parameters includes: acquiring the location information corresponding to each photovoltaic panel; determining whether each photovoltaic panel receives sunlight based on the ambient temperature, light intensity, meteorological information and the location information; and controlling the on / off state of each photovoltaic panel based on the voltage estimate and whether the photovoltaic panel receives sunlight.
[0013] In some embodiments, determining whether a photovoltaic panel receives sunlight based on ambient temperature, light intensity, meteorological information, and location information includes: inputting ambient temperature, light intensity, meteorological information, and location information into a preset first sunlight judgment model to obtain whether the photovoltaic panel receives sunlight corresponding to the location information.
[0014] In some embodiments, controlling the switching on and off of each photovoltaic panel based on a voltage estimate and whether the photovoltaic panel receives sunlight includes: acquiring a measured voltage value; determining the voltage difference between the measured voltage value and the voltage estimate; and controlling the switching on and off of each photovoltaic panel based on the voltage difference and whether the photovoltaic panel receives sunlight.
[0015] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic system includes a plurality of photovoltaic panels; the apparatus for controlling the photovoltaic system includes: an acquisition module configured to acquire the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system and environmental parameters; the environmental parameters including ambient temperature and light intensity; a voltage estimation module configured to determine a voltage estimate based on the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system; and an on / off control module configured to control the on / off state of each photovoltaic panel based on the voltage estimate and the environmental parameters.
[0016] In some embodiments, the electronic device includes a processor and a memory storing program instructions, the processor being configured to execute the method described above for controlling a photovoltaic system when the program instructions are executed.
[0017] In some embodiments, the storage medium stores program instructions that, when executed, perform the method described above for controlling the photovoltaic system.
[0018] The method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for controlling a photovoltaic system provided in this disclosure can achieve the following technical effects: By acquiring the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system and environmental parameters, including ambient temperature and light intensity, a voltage estimate is determined based on the maximum output power. The switching on and off of each photovoltaic panel is controlled based on the voltage estimate and environmental parameters. Thus, the switching on and off of the photovoltaic panels is controlled by the voltage estimate, ambient temperature, and light intensity. In other words, ambient temperature and light intensity are comprehensively considered when controlling the photovoltaic panels, improving the accuracy of photovoltaic system control and consequently increasing the efficiency of the photovoltaic system.
[0019] The above general description and the description below are exemplary and illustrative only and are not intended to limit this application. Attached Figure Description
[0020] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. These illustrations and drawings do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Elements having the same reference numerals in the drawings are shown as similar elements. The drawings are not to be scaled. And wherein:
[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a method for controlling a photovoltaic system provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another method for controlling a photovoltaic system provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic panel control switch provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a switch provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a device for controlling a photovoltaic system provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.
[0027] Figure label:
[0028] 1: First switch; 2: Second switch; 3: Third switch; 4: Fourth switch; 5: First photovoltaic panel; 6: Second photovoltaic panel; 7: Third photovoltaic panel; 8: Fourth photovoltaic panel; 9: Control device for photovoltaic system; 10: Transistor; 11: PMOS transistor; 12: Processor interface; 13: Load port; 14: Photovoltaic panel interface. Detailed Implementation
[0029] To provide a more detailed understanding of the features and technical content of the embodiments of this disclosure, the implementation of the embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the embodiments of this disclosure. In the following technical description, for ease of explanation, several details are used to provide a full understanding of the disclosed embodiments. However, one or more embodiments may still be implemented without these details. In other cases, well-known structures and devices may be simplified in their depiction to simplify the drawings.
[0030] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this disclosure are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate for the embodiments of this disclosure described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.
[0031] Unless otherwise stated, the term "multiple" means two or more.
[0032] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the character " / " indicates that the objects before and after it are in an "or" relationship. For example, A / B means: A or B.
[0033] The term "and / or" describes an association between objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B means: A or B, or A and B.
[0034] The term "correspondence" can refer to an association or binding relationship. The correspondence between A and B means that there is an association or binding relationship between A and B.
[0035] In some embodiments, the electronic device is a control device installed within the photovoltaic system, used to control the operation of the photovoltaic system. This application applies to photovoltaic systems by acquiring the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system and environmental parameters. These environmental parameters include ambient temperature and light intensity. A voltage estimate is determined based on the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system. The switching on and off of each photovoltaic panel is controlled based on the voltage estimate and the environmental parameters. Thus, the switching on and off of the photovoltaic panels is controlled by the voltage estimate, ambient temperature, and light intensity. That is, ambient temperature and light intensity are comprehensively considered when controlling the photovoltaic panels, improving the accuracy of photovoltaic system control and consequently increasing the efficiency of the photovoltaic system.
[0036] Combination Figure 1 As shown, this disclosure provides a method for controlling a photovoltaic system, the photovoltaic system including multiple photovoltaic panels; the method for controlling the photovoltaic system includes:
[0037] Step S101: The electronic device acquires the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system and environmental parameters; the environmental parameters include ambient temperature and light intensity.
[0038] In step S102, the electronic device determines the voltage estimate based on the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system.
[0039] In step S103, the electronic device controls the switching on and off of each photovoltaic panel based on the voltage estimate and environmental parameters.
[0040] The method for controlling a photovoltaic system provided in this disclosure obtains the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system and environmental parameters, including ambient temperature and illuminance. A voltage estimate is determined based on the maximum output power. The switching on and off of each photovoltaic panel is controlled based on the voltage estimate and the environmental parameters. Thus, the switching on and off of the photovoltaic panels is controlled by using the voltage estimate, ambient temperature, and illuminance. This means that ambient temperature and illuminance are comprehensively considered when controlling the photovoltaic panels, improving the accuracy of photovoltaic system control and consequently increasing the efficiency of the photovoltaic system.
[0041] In some embodiments, the ambient temperature is measured using a temperature sensor positioned within a preset range including the photovoltaic system. The light intensity is measured using a light sensor positioned within a preset range including the photovoltaic system.
[0042] Optionally, obtaining the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system includes: obtaining an instantaneous estimate of the historical output power; and calculating the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system using the instantaneous estimate of the historical output power according to the Kalman prediction algorithm.
[0043] In some embodiments, the Kalman prediction algorithm is used to estimate the maximum output power. The Kalman state equation is x. k+1 =f(x) k ,u k )+ωk Among them, x k+1 This is the instantaneous estimate of the output power at time k+1. k+1 That is, the maximum output power of photovoltaic power. k This is the instantaneous estimate of the output power at time k. k That is, the instantaneous estimate of historical output power. k It is the voltage and current parameter matrix at time k, ω k This is for measuring noise. f() represents the algorithm: x(k+1)=Fx(k)+Bu(k)+w(k). Where F represents the state transition matrix, B is the input control matrix, w(k) is the system noise matrix, and "+" means addition. For example: X(1)=X(0); Where γ is the scale parameter. It is the square root of the state covariance matrix at time k. Similarly, the input control matrix is the transition matrix for the input voltage. The steps of the Kalman prediction algorithm are: (1) Initialization, let the initial values of the state and the initial values of the error covariance matrix be: in x is the measured mean of the power value at the initial time. x0 is the estimated power value at the initial time. P is the state covariance matrix. () T Represents the transpose of a matrix. E(.) is the mean operator. (2) For each sampling period of k∈{1,∞}, calculate the weighted sampling points of the state to form an n×(2n+1) dimensional weighted sampling point matrix: in, It is the measured power value at time k-1. It is the square root of the state covariance matrix at time k-1. (3) Prediction: a nonlinear transformation is performed at each sampling point: Predicted state variables and their covariance matrix: Where Q is the covariance matrix of the process noise vector. W i These are weighting coefficients. This is the maximum power estimate at time k, where i = 1...n, and n is the number of sampled values. P is the state covariance matrix. Since the state equation includes two variables, voltage U and current I, Among them, U k-1 I is the measured voltage value at time k-1. k-1 The measured current value at time k-1.
[0044] Optionally, determining the voltage estimate based on the maximum photovoltaic output power includes: using a preset estimate lookup database to perform a lookup operation on the maximum photovoltaic output power to obtain the voltage estimate corresponding to the maximum photovoltaic output power; the estimate lookup database stores the correspondence between the maximum photovoltaic output power and the voltage estimate. Thus, related technologies often use the Kalman algorithm to predict the voltage estimate. Since the Kalman algorithm's prediction of the voltage estimate is essentially a nonlinear transformation, implementing the voltage estimate prediction process as a lookup table structure can reduce the computational load.
[0045] In some embodiments, an estimated value query database is formed by recording the correspondence between different ambient temperatures, light intensities, maximum output power, output voltage, and output current within a preset time period. Generally, the general rule for the influence of ambient temperature and light intensity on photovoltaic output power is: ambient temperature has a greater impact on output voltage, while light intensity has a greater impact on output current. Furthermore, the higher the ambient temperature, the greater the photovoltaic output power.
[0046] Optionally, after obtaining the voltage estimate corresponding to the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system, the method further includes: obtaining the measured voltage value. The estimated value is then updated in the database based on the voltage estimate and the measured voltage value. This method of updating the estimated value database based on the voltage estimate and the measured voltage value allows for the rejection of some outliers based on the measured voltage range, thereby ensuring that the photovoltaic system operates within its normal range.
[0047] Optionally, updating the estimated value query database based on the voltage estimate and the measured voltage value includes: obtaining the measured current value; determining the measured power based on the measured voltage and measured current values; determining the power difference between the measured power and the maximum photovoltaic output power; if the power difference is greater than a preset threshold, re-obtaining the maximum photovoltaic output power and accumulating the number of calculations; if the accumulated number of calculations is greater than a preset number, replacing the voltage estimate corresponding to the maximum output power in the estimated value query database with the measured voltage value.
[0048] Furthermore, the measured power is determined based on the measured voltage and measured current values, including: calculating the measured voltage value multiplied by the measured current value to obtain the measured power.
[0049] In some embodiments, the measured voltage value is the actual output voltage value of the photovoltaic system. The measured current value is the actual output current value of the photovoltaic system.
[0050] Optionally, environmental parameters also include meteorological information. Controlling the on / off state of each photovoltaic panel based on voltage estimates and environmental parameters includes: acquiring the location information of each photovoltaic panel; determining whether each photovoltaic panel receives sunlight based on ambient temperature, light intensity, meteorological information, and location information; and controlling the on / off state of each photovoltaic panel based on voltage estimates and whether the panel receives sunlight. The location information of the photovoltaic panels characterizes their installation positions. This comprehensive consideration of ambient temperature, light intensity, and meteorological information when controlling the photovoltaic panels improves the accuracy of photovoltaic system control, thereby increasing the system's efficiency.
[0051] Optionally, determining whether a photovoltaic panel receives sunlight based on ambient temperature, light intensity, meteorological information, and location information includes: using a pre-set first sunlight database, performing a lookup operation on the ambient temperature, light intensity, meteorological information, and location information to obtain the corresponding relationship between the ambient temperature, light intensity, meteorological information, and location information and whether the photovoltaic panel receives sunlight. The first sunlight database stores the correspondence between ambient temperature, light intensity, meteorological information, location information, and whether the photovoltaic panel receives sunlight.
[0052] Optionally, determining whether a photovoltaic panel receives sunlight based on ambient temperature, light intensity, meteorological information, and location information includes: inputting ambient temperature, light intensity, meteorological information, and location information into a preset first sunlight judgment model to obtain whether the photovoltaic panel receives sunlight corresponding to the location information.
[0053] Furthermore, the preset first illumination judgment model is obtained through the following method: acquiring first training data labeled with whether the photovoltaic panel receives light; the first training data includes: sample ambient temperature, sample light intensity, sample meteorological information, and sample location information. The first training data labeled with whether the photovoltaic panel receives light is input into the preset first neural network model for training to obtain the first illumination judgment model.
[0054] Optionally, the environmental parameters also include: meteorological information. Controlling the switching on and off of each photovoltaic panel based on the voltage estimate and environmental parameters includes: obtaining the current time and the location information corresponding to each photovoltaic panel; determining whether each photovoltaic panel receives sunlight based on the current time, ambient temperature, light intensity, meteorological information, and location information; and controlling the switching on and off of each photovoltaic panel based on whether it receives sunlight.
[0055] Optionally, determining whether the photovoltaic panel receives sunlight based on the current time, ambient temperature, light intensity, meteorological information, and location information includes: using a pre-set second sunlight database, performing a lookup operation on the ambient temperature, light intensity, meteorological information, current time, and location information to obtain the photovoltaic panel's reception status corresponding to these factors. The first sunlight database stores the correspondence between ambient temperature, light intensity, meteorological information, current time, location information, and whether the photovoltaic panel receives sunlight. Thus, this application does not rely on the Kalman algorithm to predict the voltage estimate, but instead uses a lookup table transformation method to determine the voltage estimate at the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system. Simultaneously, it integrates factors such as ambient temperature, light intensity, meteorological conditions, and time, and uses big data processing methods to control the on / off state of each photovoltaic panel to adjust the voltage value of the entire photovoltaic system. This makes the measured voltage value of the photovoltaic system closer to the voltage estimate, overcoming the influence of ambient temperature, light intensity, meteorological conditions, and time. The algorithm is simple and practical, and can overcome the influence of four major factors—ambient temperature, light intensity, weather, and time—on photovoltaic systems, thus enabling better regulation of photovoltaic systems.
[0056] Optionally, determining whether a photovoltaic panel receives sunlight based on the current time, ambient temperature, light intensity, meteorological information, and location information includes: inputting the ambient temperature, light intensity, meteorological information, and location information into a preset second sunlight judgment model to obtain whether the photovoltaic panel receives sunlight corresponding to the location information.
[0057] Furthermore, the pre-defined second illumination judgment model is obtained through the following method: acquiring second training data labeled with whether the photovoltaic panel receives light; the second training data includes: sample time, sample ambient temperature, sample light intensity, sample meteorological information, and sample location information. The second training data labeled with whether the photovoltaic panel receives light is input into the pre-defined second neural network model for training to obtain the second illumination judgment model.
[0058] In some embodiments, meteorological information includes one or more of the following: wind force level, wind speed, wind direction, air pressure, and weather phenomena, such as: cloudy, sunny, rainy, etc.
[0059] Optionally, the switching on and off of each photovoltaic panel is controlled based on the voltage estimate and whether the photovoltaic panel receives sunlight, including: obtaining the measured voltage value; determining the voltage difference between the measured voltage value and the voltage estimate; and controlling the switching on and off of each photovoltaic panel based on the voltage difference and whether the photovoltaic panel receives sunlight.
[0060] In some embodiments, the voltage difference is obtained by subtracting the voltage estimate from the measured voltage value. Alternatively, the voltage difference is obtained by subtracting the measured voltage value from the voltage estimate.
[0061] Optionally, when the voltage difference is obtained by subtracting the estimated voltage value from the measured voltage value, the switching on and off of each photovoltaic panel is controlled based on the voltage difference and whether the photovoltaic panel is receiving sunlight. This includes: when the voltage difference is positive and its absolute value is greater than a first preset threshold, sequentially turning on photovoltaic panels that are not receiving sunlight until the absolute value of the voltage difference is less than the first preset threshold; and / or, when the voltage difference is negative and its absolute value is greater than a second preset threshold, sequentially turning off photovoltaic panels that are not receiving sunlight until the absolute value of the voltage difference is less than the second preset threshold. In this way, since photovoltaic panels consume electrical energy when they are not receiving sunlight, they become a burden on the photovoltaic system. Therefore, turning off photovoltaic panels that are not receiving sunlight can increase the voltage of the photovoltaic system. Conversely, turning on photovoltaic panels that are not receiving sunlight can decrease the voltage of the photovoltaic system.
[0062] Optionally, when the voltage difference is obtained by subtracting the measured voltage value from the estimated voltage value, the switching on and off of each photovoltaic panel is controlled based on the voltage difference and whether the photovoltaic panel receives sunlight. This includes: when the voltage difference is negative and the absolute value of the voltage difference is greater than a third preset threshold, sequentially turning on the photovoltaic panels that are not receiving sunlight until the absolute value of the voltage difference is less than the third preset threshold; and / or, when the voltage difference is positive and the absolute value of the voltage difference is greater than a fourth preset threshold, sequentially turning off the photovoltaic panels that are not receiving sunlight until the absolute value of the voltage difference is less than the fourth preset threshold.
[0063] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 2 As shown, this disclosure provides another method for controlling a photovoltaic system, the photovoltaic system including multiple photovoltaic panels; the method for controlling the photovoltaic system includes:
[0064] In step S201, the electronic device acquires the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system and environmental parameters, including ambient temperature, light intensity, and meteorological information.
[0065] In step S202, the electronic device uses a preset estimate to query the database and performs a table lookup operation on the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system to obtain the voltage estimate corresponding to the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system.
[0066] In step S203, the electronic device acquires the current time and the location information corresponding to each photovoltaic panel.
[0067] In step S204, the electronic device determines whether each photovoltaic panel receives sunlight based on ambient temperature, light intensity, meteorological information, current time, and location information.
[0068] In step S205, the electronic device controls the switching on and off of each photovoltaic panel based on the voltage estimate and whether the photovoltaic panel receives sunlight.
[0069] The method for controlling a photovoltaic system provided in this disclosure acquires the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system and environmental parameters, including ambient temperature, irradiance, and meteorological information, through an electronic device. The electronic device uses preset estimates to query a database, performing a lookup operation on the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system to obtain the voltage estimate corresponding to the maximum output power. It also acquires the current time and the location information of each photovoltaic panel. Based on the ambient temperature, irradiance, meteorological information, current time, and location information, it determines whether each photovoltaic panel receives sunlight. The on / off state of each photovoltaic panel is controlled based on the voltage estimate and whether the panel receives sunlight. In this way, by comprehensively considering ambient temperature, irradiance, meteorological information, and time information when controlling the photovoltaic panels, the accuracy of photovoltaic system control can be improved, thereby increasing the utilization efficiency of the photovoltaic system.
[0070] In some embodiments, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic panel control switch, as shown below. Figure 3 As shown, each photovoltaic panel corresponds to a switch. For example: the first photovoltaic panel 5 is connected to the first switch 1, which in turn is connected to the control device 9 of the photovoltaic system, controlling the on / off state of the first photovoltaic panel 5. The second photovoltaic panel 6 is connected to the second switch 2, which in turn is connected to the control device 9 of the photovoltaic system, controlling the on / off state of the second photovoltaic panel 6. The third photovoltaic panel 7 is connected to the third switch 3, which in turn is connected to the control device 9 of the photovoltaic system, controlling the on / off state of the third photovoltaic panel 7. The fourth photovoltaic panel 8 is connected to the fourth switch 4, which in turn is connected to the control device 9 of the photovoltaic system, controlling the on / off state of the fourth photovoltaic panel 8. The control device 9 of the photovoltaic system contains a method for controlling the photovoltaic system.
[0071] In some embodiments, the control device for the photovoltaic system is a processor. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the switch structure, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the switch consists of a transistor 10 and a PMOS (positive channel metal-oxide-semiconductor) transistor 11. The base of transistor 10 is connected to the processor interface 12, and the base of transistor 10 is used to receive control signals from the processor. The emitter of transistor 10 is connected to reference ground. The collector of transistor 10 is connected to the gate of PMOS transistor 11, and the drain of PMOS transistor 11 is used to connect to the load port 13; the source of PMOS transistor 11 is connected to the photovoltaic panel interface 14. Thus, when the processor's control signal is high, the transistor is turned on, the PMOS is closed, and the photovoltaic panel is connected. When the processor's control signal is low, the transistor is turned off, the PMOS is turned off, and the photovoltaic panel is turned off. Controlling the photovoltaic panel using a switch composed of a transistor and a PMOS transistor is a low-cost method.
[0072] Combination Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment of the disclosure provides a device 15 for controlling a photovoltaic system, the photovoltaic system including multiple photovoltaic panels; the device for controlling the photovoltaic system includes: an acquisition module 16, a voltage estimation module 17, and an on / off control module 18. The acquisition module is configured to acquire the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system and environmental parameters; the environmental parameters include ambient temperature and light intensity; the voltage estimation module is configured to determine a voltage estimate based on the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system; the on / off control module is configured to control the on / off state of each photovoltaic panel based on the voltage estimate and the environmental parameters.
[0073] The apparatus for controlling a photovoltaic system provided in this disclosure acquires the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system and environmental parameters through an acquisition module. The environmental parameters include ambient temperature and light intensity. A voltage estimation module determines an estimated voltage value based on the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system. An on / off control module controls the on / off state of each photovoltaic panel based on the voltage estimate and environmental parameters. Thus, the on / off state of the photovoltaic panels is controlled by the voltage estimate, ambient temperature, and light intensity. This means that ambient temperature and light intensity are comprehensively considered when controlling the photovoltaic panels, improving the accuracy of photovoltaic system control and consequently increasing the efficiency of the photovoltaic system.
[0074] Combination Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment of the disclosure provides an electronic device 19, including a processor 20 and a memory 21. Optionally, the device may further include a communication interface 22 and a bus 23. The processor 20, communication interface 22, and memory 21 can communicate with each other via the bus 23. The communication interface 22 can be used for information transmission. The processor 20 can call logical instructions in the memory 21 to execute the method for controlling a photovoltaic system described in the above embodiment.
[0075] The electronic device provided in this disclosure acquires the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system and environmental parameters, including ambient temperature and illuminance. A voltage estimate is determined based on the maximum output power. The switching on and off of each photovoltaic panel is controlled based on the voltage estimate and the environmental parameters. Thus, the switching on and off of the photovoltaic panels is controlled by the voltage estimate, ambient temperature, and illuminance. This means that ambient temperature and illuminance are comprehensively considered when controlling the photovoltaic panels, improving the accuracy of the photovoltaic system control and consequently increasing the efficiency of the photovoltaic system.
[0076] Furthermore, the logical instructions in the aforementioned memory 21 can be implemented as software functional units and, when sold or used as independent products, can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
[0077] The memory 21, as a computer-readable storage medium, can be used to store software programs and computer-executable programs, such as program instructions / modules corresponding to the methods in the embodiments of this disclosure. The processor 20 executes functional applications and data processing by running the program instructions / modules stored in the memory 21, that is, it implements the method for controlling the photovoltaic system in the above embodiments.
[0078] The memory 21 may include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store the operating system and applications required for at least one function; the data storage area may store data created based on the use of the terminal device. Furthermore, the memory 21 may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-volatile memory.
[0079] This disclosure provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions configured to perform the above-described method for controlling a photovoltaic system.
[0080] This disclosure provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program stored on a computer-readable storage medium. The computer program includes program instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the above-described method for controlling a photovoltaic system.
[0081] The aforementioned computer-readable storage medium may be a transient computer-readable storage medium or a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium.
[0082] The technical solutions of this disclosure can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes one or more instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the method described in this disclosure. The aforementioned storage medium can be a non-transitory storage medium, including: a USB flash drive, a portable hard drive, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and other media capable of storing program code; it can also be a transient storage medium.
[0083] The foregoing description and accompanying drawings fully illustrate embodiments of this disclosure to enable those skilled in the art to practice them. Other embodiments may include structural, logical, electrical, procedural, and other changes. The embodiments represent only possible variations. Individual components and functions are optional unless explicitly required, and the order of operation may vary. Parts and features of some embodiments may be included in or replace parts and features of other embodiments. Moreover, the terminology used in this application is for describing embodiments only and is not intended to limit the claims. As used in the description of embodiments and claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to equally include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Similarly, the term “and / or” as used in this application means including one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations thereof. Additionally, when used in this application, the term "comprise" and its variations "comprises" and / or "comprising" refer to the presence of stated features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprises a..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, or apparatus that includes said element. In this document, each embodiment may focus on the differences from other embodiments, and similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to mutually. For methods, products, etc., disclosed in the embodiments, if they correspond to the method section disclosed in the embodiments, the relevant parts can be referred to the description of the method section.
[0084] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of the embodiments of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.
[0085] In summary, the Kalman algorithm can track the maximum instantaneous power output of a photovoltaic (PV) system, which is the maximum PV output power in this application. Adjusting the solar PV matrix based on the maximum PV output power ensures the PV system's maximum power output. How to adjust the PV system to achieve maximum power output depends on its voltage and current values. Since the voltage and current values of the PV system, like sunlight, are gradually changing and do not change drastically in a short period, the measured voltage value can be compared with the stored voltage value, and the measured current value can be compared with the stored current value. The comparison results can be used as the basis for adjusting the switching on and off of each PV panel in the PV matrix.
[0086] The methods and products (including but not limited to devices and equipment) disclosed in the embodiments herein can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of units may be merely a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. In addition, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection between the shown or discussed units may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected to implement this embodiment according to actual needs. Furthermore, the functional units in the embodiments of this disclosure may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
[0087] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to embodiments of this disclosure. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of code containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. In some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the blocks may occur in a different order than that shown in the drawings. For example, two consecutive blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. In the descriptions corresponding to the flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings, the operations or steps corresponding to different blocks may also occur in a different order than disclosed in the description, and sometimes there is no specific order between different operations or steps. For example, two consecutive operations or steps may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. Each block in a block diagram and / or flowchart, and combinations of blocks in a block diagram and / or flowchart, can be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or action, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.
Claims
1. A method for controlling a photovoltaic system, characterized in that, A photovoltaic system comprises multiple photovoltaic panels; methods for controlling a photovoltaic system include: Obtain the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system and environmental parameters; environmental parameters include ambient temperature, light intensity, and meteorological information; The voltage estimate is determined based on the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system. Obtain the location information corresponding to each photovoltaic panel; Whether each photovoltaic panel receives sunlight is determined based on ambient temperature, light intensity, meteorological information, and location information. Determine the voltage difference between the measured voltage value and the estimated voltage value; The switching on and off of each photovoltaic panel is controlled based on the voltage difference and whether the photovoltaic panel receives sunlight; This includes determining the voltage difference between the measured voltage value and the estimated voltage value, and controlling the switching on and off of each photovoltaic panel based on the voltage difference and whether the photovoltaic panel is receiving sunlight, including: If the voltage difference is obtained by subtracting the estimated voltage value from the measured voltage value, and the voltage difference is positive and the absolute value of the voltage difference is greater than a first preset threshold, the photovoltaic panels that have not received sunlight are turned on sequentially until the absolute value of the voltage difference is less than the first preset threshold; and / or, if the voltage difference is negative and the absolute value of the voltage difference is greater than a second preset threshold, the photovoltaic panels that have not received sunlight are turned off sequentially until the absolute value of the voltage difference is less than the second preset threshold. If the voltage difference is obtained by subtracting the measured voltage value from the estimated voltage value, and the voltage difference is negative and the absolute value of the voltage difference is greater than the third preset threshold, the photovoltaic panels that have not received sunlight are turned on sequentially until the absolute value of the voltage difference is less than the third preset threshold; and / or, if the voltage difference is positive and the absolute value of the voltage difference is greater than the fourth preset threshold, the photovoltaic panels that have not received sunlight are turned off sequentially until the absolute value of the voltage difference is less than the fourth preset threshold.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, To obtain the maximum output power of photovoltaics, the following is included: Obtain the instantaneous estimate of historical output power; The maximum output power of photovoltaic power is obtained by using the Kalman prediction algorithm to calculate the instantaneous estimate of historical output power.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The voltage estimate is determined based on the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system, including: The system uses a pre-defined database of estimated values to perform a lookup operation on the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system, thereby obtaining the voltage estimate corresponding to the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system. The database of estimated values stores the correspondence between the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system and the voltage estimate.
4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, After obtaining the voltage estimate corresponding to the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system, the following steps are also included: Obtain the measured voltage value; The estimated value is updated by querying the database based on the voltage estimate and the measured voltage value.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Determine whether each photovoltaic panel receives sunlight based on ambient temperature, light intensity, meteorological information, and location information, including: Using a pre-set first light database, a lookup operation is performed on ambient temperature, light intensity, meteorological information, and location information to determine whether the photovoltaic panel receives light, based on the combined information of ambient temperature, light intensity, meteorological information, and location.
6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Determining whether photovoltaic panels receive sunlight based on ambient temperature, light intensity, meteorological information, and location information includes: The ambient temperature, light intensity, meteorological information, and location information are input into a preset first light judgment model to determine whether the photovoltaic panel corresponding to the location information receives light.
7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Obtain the measured voltage value.
8. A device for controlling a photovoltaic system, characterized in that, A photovoltaic system includes multiple photovoltaic panels; devices for controlling the photovoltaic system include: The acquisition module is configured to acquire the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system and environmental parameters, including ambient temperature, light intensity, and meteorological information. The voltage estimation module is configured to determine the voltage estimate based on the maximum output power of the photovoltaic system. The on / off control module is configured to acquire the location information of each photovoltaic panel; determine whether each photovoltaic panel receives sunlight based on ambient temperature, light intensity, meteorological information, and location information; determine the voltage difference between the measured voltage value and the estimated voltage value; and control the on / off state of each photovoltaic panel based on the voltage difference and whether the photovoltaic panel receives sunlight. This includes determining the voltage difference between the measured voltage value and the estimated voltage value, and controlling the switching on and off of each photovoltaic panel based on the voltage difference and whether the photovoltaic panel is receiving sunlight, including: If the voltage difference is obtained by subtracting the estimated voltage value from the measured voltage value, and the voltage difference is positive and the absolute value of the voltage difference is greater than a first preset threshold, the photovoltaic panels that have not received sunlight are turned on sequentially until the absolute value of the voltage difference is less than the first preset threshold; and / or, if the voltage difference is negative and the absolute value of the voltage difference is greater than a second preset threshold, the photovoltaic panels that have not received sunlight are turned off sequentially until the absolute value of the voltage difference is less than the second preset threshold. If the voltage difference is obtained by subtracting the measured voltage value from the estimated voltage value, and the voltage difference is negative and the absolute value of the voltage difference is greater than the third preset threshold, the photovoltaic panels that have not received sunlight are turned on sequentially until the absolute value of the voltage difference is less than the third preset threshold; and / or, if the voltage difference is positive and the absolute value of the voltage difference is greater than the fourth preset threshold, the photovoltaic panels that have not received sunlight are turned off sequentially until the absolute value of the voltage difference is less than the fourth preset threshold.
9. An electronic device comprising a processor and a memory storing program instructions, characterized in that, The processor is configured to perform, when executing the program instructions, the method for controlling a photovoltaic system as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A storage medium storing program instructions, characterized in that, When the program instructions are executed, they perform the method for controlling the photovoltaic system as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.