An air-blowing seed-fertilizer synchronous seeding hole fertilization device and working method

Abstract

The present invention discloses an air-blowing type seed-fertilizer synchronous sowing hole fertilization device and a working method; wherein an electric outer groove wheel type fertilizer discharger is arranged below a fertilizer box, the electric outer groove wheel type fertilizer discharger is directly opposite to the fertilizer receiving funnel of the air-blowing type intermittent fertilizer discharger below, a fertilizer guide pipe is installed below the fertilizer accumulation chamber in the air-blowing type intermittent fertilizer discharger below, and a seed detection sensor is installed in the middle of the seed guide pipe through a bolt; a seeding device driving unit is arranged on one side of the seeding device, the inlet of the seeding device is connected to the seed box, and the outlet of the seeding device is connected to the seed guide pipe; the outlet of the seed guide pipe is located directly in front of the outlet of the fertilizer guide pipe, and the outlet of the solenoid valve is connected to the nozzle of the air-blowing type intermittent fertilizer discharger through an air pipe. The present invention adopts an air-blowing type intermittent fertilization device, and the high-frequency intermittent airflow sprayed from the nozzle pushes the baffle to open and accelerates the fertilizer to fall, thereby reducing the calculation error of the delay time; a controller is used to control the opening timing of the solenoid valve to achieve seed-fertilizer synchronization and ensure the accurate seed-fertilizer distance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to an air-blowing seed-fertilizer synchronous sowing hole fertilization device and a working method. Background Art

[0002] At present, more and more researchers are focusing on the research of precision seeding and fertilization technology for corn; relevant research results show that reasonable seed fertilizer application methods and application amounts are conducive to corn growth and yield increase, and improve fertilizer utilization. At present, the main method of corn seed fertilizer application in my country is strip application. The fertilizer between adjacent corn plants is difficult to be absorbed by the corn root system, and the fertilizer utilization rate is low. Corn hole fertilization technology can solve the problem of low fertilizer utilization rate due to the short root development length of corn in the early stage of growth, and the fertilizer between two adjacent seeds cannot be fully absorbed by the seedlings. It can reduce corn production costs and help improve the competitiveness of my country's corn in the international market.

[0003] At present, few relevant studies have involved how to accurately apply seed fertilizer near corn seeds and how to maintain a certain seeding and fertilization hole distance when the speed of the operating machine changes. Research on seed-fertilizer synchronous seeding and fertilization is still immature, and there are still many operational restrictions and high costs. There is still a lot of room for research in improving operational efficiency, improving operational results and controlling production costs.

[0004] To sum up, how to apply seed fertilizer in a hole at a certain distance from the falling corn seeds to ensure accurate positioning, accurate fertilizer application and good hole formation has become a problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the problems existing in the background technology, the present invention provides an air-blowing seed-fertilizer synchronous sowing hole fertilization device, which adopts an air-blowing intermittent fertilization device and uses compressed gas as a power source; by analyzing the working process of the air-blowing seed-fertilizer synchronous sowing hole fertilization device, the delay time required for the solenoid valve to open after the seed drop signal is detected is calculated to ensure the accurate seed-fertilizer distance; the device comprises: an air-blowing intermittent fertilizer discharge device, a solenoid valve, an electric outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger, a control box, a fertilizer box, a seed box, a seed discharger drive unit, a seed discharger, a seed guide pipe, a seed detection sensor, a frame and a fertilizer guide pipe, wherein the air-blowing intermittent fertilizer discharge device, the solenoid valve, the electric outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger, the control box, the fertilizer box, the seed discharger drive unit, the seed discharger, the seed guide pipe, the seed detection sensor, the frame and the ... , control box, fertilizer box, seed box, seed meter driving unit, seed meter and seed guide pipe are installed and fixed on the frame; the electric outer groove wheel fertilizer meter is arranged below the fertilizer box, the electric outer groove wheel fertilizer meter is directly opposite to the fertilizer receiving funnel of the air-blowing intermittent fertilizer discharge device below, a fertilizer guide pipe is installed below the fertilizer accumulation chamber in the air-blowing intermittent fertilizer discharge device below, and a seed detection sensor is installed in the middle of the seed guide pipe through bolts; the seed meter driving unit is arranged on one side of the seed meter, the inlet of the seed meter is connected to the seed box, and the outlet of the seed meter is connected to the seed guide pipe; the outlet of the seed guide pipe is located directly in front of the outlet of the fertilizer guide pipe, and the outlet of the solenoid valve is connected to the nozzle of the air-blowing intermittent fertilizer discharge device through an air pipe;

[0006] The air-blowing intermittent fertilizer discharge device comprises: a fertilizer guide pipe, a cover plate, a fertilizer receiving funnel, a nozzle, a spring adjustment block, a main beam of the fertilizer discharge device, a baffle, a torsion spring, a main beam of the fertilizer discharge device, two side plates of the fertilizer discharge device, a fertilizer drop side fixing block, and a spring side fixing block; wherein a side plate of the fertilizer discharge device is fixed on both sides of the fertilizer drop side fixing block and the spring side fixing block respectively, and the main beam of the fertilizer discharge device at the top, the two side plates of the fertilizer discharge device, the fertilizer drop side fixing block and the spring side fixing block form a flat rectangular space with an opening at the bottom; wherein a fertilizer receiving funnel is fixed on the upper end of the fertilizer drop side of the main beam of the fertilizer discharge device, and the upper end of the fertilizer receiving funnel faces the fertilizer outlet of the electric outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger, and a corresponding fertilizer drop outlet is opened at the outlet of the fertilizer receiving funnel, and a flow separation structure is fixed on the lower end of the main beam of the fertilizer discharge device, and the flow separation structure separates the fertilizer drop area from the air flow area; the middle and upper part of the fertilizer drop side fixing block, the flow separation structure and the two side plates of the fertilizer discharge device form a fertilizer drop area. area, the fertilizer falling area is directly opposite to the fertilizer dropping port above; when there is no airflow ejected from the nozzle in the natural state, the baffle is tightly attached to the fertilizer dropping side fixed block, and the fertilizer accumulation chamber is surrounded by the lower part of the fertilizer dropping side fixed block, the baffle in the natural state and the two side plates of the fertilizer discharge device; the outlet below the fertilizer falling area is directly opposite to the fertilizer accumulation chamber; the baffle junction at the upper end of the baffle is hinged with the cylindrical protrusion of the shell, and both ends of the cylindrical protrusion of the shell are fixed to a side plate of the fertilizer discharge device, and a baffle airflow impact part is provided on the side of the upper part of the baffle facing the fertilizer accumulation chamber, so as to make it easier for the airflow to push the baffle; the nozzle is fixed to the middle part of the main beam of the fertilizer discharge device through the electric nozzle fastening structure, and the nozzle mouth of the nozzle extends into the flat rectangular space and directly faces the airflow impact part of the baffle below; the spring adjustment block is installed on the spring side of the main beam of the fertilizer discharge device, and a torsion spring is installed on the cylindrical protrusion of the shell, and the two ends of the torsion spring are respectively pressed between the spring adjustment block and the baffle.

[0007] The seed meter is a finger-clamp seed meter, which is bolted to the frame via a seed meter mounting plate I and a seed meter mounting plate II, and the seed meter mounting plate I and the seed meter mounting plate II are connected to the frame via a wildebeest fixing piece.

[0008] The seed guide pipe is fixed to the frame through a seed guide pipe mounting plate.

[0009] The spring adjusting block is provided with a spring adjusting block fixing groove, and the spring adjusting block is fixed by the spring adjusting block fixing groove. The spring adjusting block can slide up and down and be fixed in position by bolts or a tensioning structure, so as to adjust the magnitude of the spring force.

[0010] The position of the baffle plate and the torsion spring is provided with a baffle plate spring limiting structure for limiting the position of the torsion spring.

[0011] The lower part of the baffle is provided with a baffle bow structure which is bent toward the non-fertilizer storage chamber side.

[0012] A horizontal plate structure is provided in the middle of the baffle to prevent excessive airflow from causing fertilizer to splash violently.

[0013] The gas inlet of the solenoid valve is connected to the external air pressure source through the air pipe quick connector II; the gas outlet of the solenoid valve is connected to the nozzle through the air pipe quick connector III, the air pipe and the air pipe quick connector I.

[0014] The solenoid valve is equipped with a muffler.

[0015] A working method based on the air-blowing seed-fertilizer synchronous sowing hole fertilization device is also provided, which is characterized by comprising:

[0016] Step 1: The control program starts to initialize parameters and set the target fertilizer discharge amount;

[0017] Step 2: The controller controls the main program to start working, the brushless DC motor drives the finger-clip seed meter to start rotating, and the seeds discharged by the finger-clip seed meter fall out of the seed guide tube;

[0018] Step 3, the controller waits for the seed detection sensor to detect the seed drop signal to trigger an external interrupt. After the external interrupt is triggered, the controller sets a delay time t according to the seed-fertilizer synchronous application requirements, and then sends a signal to the relay control solenoid valve and opens it for a period of time. Then, the nozzle of the nozzle sprays air to open the baffle, so that the baffle is opened for a period of time. The fertilizer accumulated in the fertilizer storage chamber above the baffle falls rapidly from the fertilizer guide pipe in a hole shape under the action of its own gravity and airflow thrust. At the same time, the controller calculates the current seed drop frequency and the required fertilizer discharge flow rate according to the obtained finger clamp seed discharger speed; the controller controls the electric outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger motor speed to adjust the fertilizer discharge amount to reach the target fertilizer discharge amount;

[0019] Step 4: After the seed detection sensor detects the next seed drop signal, the control flow after the external interrupt is triggered in step 3 is returned to the cycle;

[0020] The calculation formula for the required fertilizer discharge flow rate is:

[0021]

[0022] Where: Q—required fertilizer discharge flow, g / s,

[0023] v—machine forward speed, m / s,

[0024] m—fertilizer application amount per hole, g,

[0025] w—hole distance, m;

[0026] The program sets the delay time t calculation formula as follows:

[0027]

[0028] Where: t—program setting delay time, s,

[0029] t 1 —The time required for the seed to fall from the seed detection sensor to the ground, s,

[0030] t 2 —The time for fertilizer to fall from the fertilizer storage chamber to the ground, s,

[0031] t 3 — Fertilizer spraying delay time, the time from when the I / O port of the solenoid valve switch controlled by the single-chip microcomputer is set to a high level to when the intermittent mechanism baffle is opened, s,

[0032] v—machine forward speed, m / s,

[0033] S—Horizontal distance between the sensor and the center of the fertilizer storage chamber, m,

[0034] s 1 —Horizontal distance between the sensor and the seed landing point, m,

[0035] s 2 —Horizontal distance between the fertilizer storage chamber and the fertilizer landing point, m,

[0036] s 3 —Seed-fertilizer qualified distance, m.

[0037] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0038] 1) The present invention adopts an air-blowing intermittent fertilization device, which uses compressed gas as a power source. The nozzle is installed on the fertilizer discharge device. The nozzle is small in size, easy to install, has high working efficiency, and is simple in device. The high-frequency intermittent airflow ejected from the nozzle pushes the baffle to open and accelerates the falling of the fertilizer, thereby reducing the calculation error of the delay time.

[0039] 2) The present invention uses a controller to control the opening time of the solenoid valve to achieve seed-fertilizer synchronization, and apply a hole of granular fertilizer at a certain distance from where the seeds fall; by analyzing the working process of the air-blowing seed-fertilizer synchronous sowing hole fertilization device, the delay time required for the solenoid valve to open after the seed drop signal is detected is calculated to ensure the accurate seed-fertilizer distance;

[0040] 3) The present invention adopts a controller to control the flow rate of the electric outer groove wheel fertilizer spreader. The required fertilizer flow rate is calculated according to the rotation speed of the finger-clamp seed spreader, the target hole and the set target fertilizer amount per hole. The controller controls the motor speed of the electric outer groove wheel fertilizer spreader by outputting different PWM duty cycles to make the fertilizer flow rate reach the target fertilizer flow rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an air-blowing seed-fertilizer synchronous sowing hole fertilization device.

[0042] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an air-blowing intermittent fertilizer discharge device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the air-blowing intermittent fertilizer discharging device in the embodiment of the present invention, with one side panel of the fertilizer discharging device hidden;

[0045] Figure 5 A connection diagram of a solenoid valve in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 6 1 is a control flow chart of a control system in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the synchronous application of seeds and fertilizers in the control method of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Among them, 1-air-blowing intermittent fertilizer discharge device, 2-solenoid valve, 3-electric outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger, 4-control box, 5-fertilizer box, 6-seeder drive unit, 7-finger clamp seed discharger, 8-seed guide tube, 9-seed detection sensor, 10-frame, 11-air-blowing intermittent fertilizer discharge device mounting plate, 12-fertilizer guide tube, 13-cover plate, 14-fertilizer receiving funnel, 15-nozzle, 16-spring adjustment block, 17-fertilizer discharge device main beam, 18-baffle, 19-torsion spring, 20-trachea quick connector I, 21-trachea, 22-trachea quick connector II, 23-trachea quick connector III, 24-muffler, 25-solenoid valve mounting plate, 31-electric outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger mounting plate, 61-coupling, 6 2-reducer, 63-DC brushless motor, 64-seeder motor mounting plate, 71-seeder mounting plate I, 72-seeder mounting plate II, 81-seeder guide tube mounting plate, 101-fertilizer discharge device side plate, 102-fertilizer drop side fixing block, 103-spring side fixing block, 104-fertilizer accumulation chamber, 105-fertilizer drop area, 121-fertilizer guide tube fertilizer outlet, 151-nozzle outlet, 161-spring adjustment block fixing groove, 171-flow isolation structure, 172-electric nozzle fastening structure, 173-shell cylindrical protrusion, 174-fertilizer drop outlet, 181-baffle arch structure, 182-cross plate structure, 183-baffle spring limiting structure, 184-baffle airflow impact position, 185-baffle junction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0050] like Figure 1 and Figure 2The embodiment of the present invention shown in the figure comprises: an air-blowing intermittent fertilizer discharging device 1, an electromagnetic valve 2, an electric outer groove wheel type fertilizer discharging device 3, a control box 4, a fertilizer box 5, a seed metering device driving unit 6, a finger clamp seed metering device 7, a seed guide tube 8, a seed detection sensor 9, a frame 10 and a fertilizer guide tube 12, wherein the air-blowing intermittent fertilizer discharging device 1, the electromagnetic valve 2, the electric outer groove wheel type fertilizer discharging device 3, the control box 4, the fertilizer box 5, the seed metering device driving unit 6, the finger clamp seed metering device 7 and the seed guide tube 8 are all installed and fixed on the frame 10; the electric outer groove wheel type fertilizer discharging device 3 is arranged below the fertilizer box 5, and the electric outer groove wheel type fertilizer discharging device 3 is directly opposite to the fertilizer receiving funnel 14 of the air-blowing intermittent fertilizer discharging device 1 below, and the air-blowing intermittent fertilizer discharging device 1 below A fertilizer guide pipe 12 is installed at the bottom of the device 1, and a seed detection sensor 9 is installed at the middle of the seed guide pipe 8 by bolts; the seed metering device driving unit 6 is arranged on one side of the finger clamp seed metering device 7, the inlet of the finger clamp seed metering device 7 is connected to the seed box (not shown in the figure), and the outlet of the finger clamp seed metering device 7 is connected to the seed guide pipe 8. An outlet is provided at the bottom of the seed guide pipe 8. When corn seeds fall through the opening, the seed detection sensor detects the seed drop signal through the opening of the seed guide pipe; the outlet of the seed guide pipe 8 is located directly in front of the outlet of the fertilizer guide pipe 12 (the traveling direction during sowing in this embodiment is forward, and a furrow opener is provided in front), and the outlet of the solenoid valve 2 is connected to the nozzle 15 of the air-blowing intermittent fertilizer discharge device 1 through an air pipe.

[0051] Specifically, the air-blowing intermittent fertilizer discharge device 1 is installed in the frame 10 through the air-blowing intermittent fertilizer discharge device mounting plate 11, the electric outer groove wheel type fertilizer discharger 3 is fixedly connected to the electric outer groove wheel type fertilizer discharger mounting plate 31 by bolts, the electric outer groove wheel type fertilizer discharger mounting plate 31 is fixedly connected to the frame 10 by a wildebeest fixing piece, the electric outer groove wheel type fertilizer discharger mounting plate 31 is fixedly connected to the fertilizer box 5 by bolts, the fertilizer box 5 is installed above the electric outer groove wheel type fertilizer discharger 3, and the fertilizer box 5 outlet is connected to the fertilizer inlet of the electric outer groove wheel type fertilizer discharger 3. The seeding device driving unit 6 includes: a brushless DC motor 63, a reducer 62 and a coupling 61. The brushless DC motor 63, the reducer 62 and the coupling 61 are all connected to the seeding device motor mounting plate 64 through bolts. The seeding device motor mounting plate 64 is fixedly connected to the frame 10 through a wildebeest fixing piece. The output shaft of the reducer 62 is connected to the input shaft of the finger-clamp seeding device 7 through the coupling 61. The finger-clamp seeding device 7 is fixed to the frame 10 through the seeding device mounting plate I 71 and the seeding device mounting plate II 72.

[0052] The control box 4 is installed above the frame, and contains a power supply, a controller, a motor driver and a relay, wherein the controller is connected to the motor driver, the relay and the seed detection sensor 9, and the motor driver as a lower machine is respectively connected to the electric outer groove wheel fertilizer dispenser 3 and the DC brushless motor 63.

[0053] In this embodiment, the frame 10 is an aluminum profile frame; the seed metering device mounting plate I 71 and the seed metering device mounting plate II 72 are also stabilized by the frame 10 through the wildebeest fixing parts; the seed guide tube 8 is fixed to the frame 10 through the seed guide tube mounting plate 81 to reduce the impact of shaking on the seed falling speed.

[0054] In this embodiment, the controller specifically uses an STM32 single-chip microcomputer, and the controller is connected to the OLED display screen.

[0055] like Figure 3 Figure 4 As shown, the air-blowing intermittent fertilizer discharge device 1 comprises: a fertilizer guide pipe 12, a cover plate 13, a fertilizer receiving funnel 14, a nozzle 15, a spring adjustment block 16, a fertilizer discharge device main beam 17, a baffle 18, a torsion spring 19, a fertilizer discharge device main beam 17, two fertilizer discharge device side plates 101, a fertilizer drop side fixing block 102, and a spring side fixing block 103; wherein a fertilizer discharge device side plate 101 is fixed on both sides of the fertilizer drop side fixing block 102 and the spring side fixing block 103, respectively, and the upper fertilizer discharge device main beam 17, the two fertilizer discharge device side plates 101, the fertilizer drop side fixing block 102 and the spring side fixing block 103 form a flat rectangular space with an opening at the bottom; in the flat rectangular space, the length and height are both greater than the width (the length is the length direction of the fertilizer discharge device main beam 17);

[0056] A fertilizer receiving hopper 14 is fixed to the upper end of the fertilizer discharge side of the main beam 17 of the fertilizer discharge device, and the upper end of the fertilizer receiving hopper 14 faces the fertilizer outlet of the electric outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger 3, and a corresponding fertilizer outlet 174 is opened at the outlet of the fertilizer receiving hopper 14. A flow separation structure 171 is fixed to the lower end of the main beam 17 of the fertilizer discharge device, and the flow separation structure 171 separates the fertilizer drop area 105 from the air flow area to prevent the air flow from impacting the fertilizer and affecting the fertilizer drop; the upper and middle parts of the fertilizer drop side fixed block 102, the flow separation structure 171 and the two side plates 101 of the fertilizer discharge device form a fertilizer drop area 105, and the fertilizer drop area 105 faces the fertilizer outlet 174 above; the outlet below the fertilizer drop area 105 faces the fertilizer accumulation chamber 104;

[0057] When there is no airflow ejected from the nozzle 15 in the natural state, the baffle 18 is in close contact with the fertilizer drop side fixed block 102, and at this time, the lower part of the fertilizer drop side fixed block 102, the baffle 18 in the natural state and the two fertilizer discharge device side plates 101 form a fertilizer accumulation chamber 104; after the upper inlet of the fertilizer receiving funnel 14 receives the falling fertilizer from the fertilizer outlet of the electric outer groove wheel type fertilizer discharger 3, the fertilizer falls freely from the fertilizer outlet 174 and the fertilizer drop area 105 in sequence and gathers in the fertilizer accumulation chamber 104;

[0058] The baffle junction 185 at the upper end of the baffle 18 is hinged to the cylindrical protrusion 173 of the shell, and both ends of the cylindrical protrusion 173 of the shell are fixed to a side plate 101 of the fertilizer discharge device. A baffle airflow impact portion 184 is provided on the upper side of the baffle 18 facing the fertilizer accumulation chamber 104, so as to make it easier for the airflow to push the baffle 18; the nozzle 15 is fixed to the middle of the main beam 17 of the fertilizer discharge device through the electric nozzle fastening structure 172, and the nozzle opening 151 of the nozzle 15 extends into the flat rectangular space and faces the baffle airflow impact portion 184 below;

[0059] The spring adjustment block 16 is installed on the spring side of the main beam 17 of the fertilizer discharge device, and a torsion spring 19 is installed on the cylindrical protrusion 173 of the shell. The two ends of the torsion spring 19 are respectively pressed between the spring adjustment block 16 and the baffle 18, so that in a natural state, the lower end of the baffle 18 is in close contact with the lower end of the fixed block 102 on the fertilizer drop side; a fertilizer guide pipe 12 is installed below the fertilizer accumulation chamber 104. When the nozzle 15 sprays, the gas sprayed from the nozzle port 151 pushes the airflow impact position 184 of the baffle to open the baffle 18. After the baffle 18 is opened, the fertilizer sprayed from the fertilizer accumulation chamber 104 falls into the outside through the fertilizer guide pipe 12, and the fertilizer outlet 121 of the fertilizer guide pipe faces away from the forward direction of the machine, which is conducive to preventing the crop residues in the field from blocking the fertilizer outlet.

[0060] In this embodiment, a spring adjusting block fixing groove 161 is formed on the spring adjusting block 16, and the spring adjusting block 16 is fixed by the spring adjusting block fixing groove 161. The spring adjusting block 16 can slide up and down and be fixed in position by bolts or a tensioning structure to adjust the magnitude of the spring force.

[0061] In this embodiment, a baffle spring limiting structure 183 is integrally fixed near the position where the torsion spring 19 presses against the baffle 18 to limit the position of the torsion spring 19 and prevent the end of the torsion spring 19 from detaching and sliding out.

[0062] In this embodiment, the electric nozzle fastening structure 172 used can adjust the tensioning structure, thereby changing the upper and lower positions of the fixed nozzles, and further adjusting the distance between the nozzle opening 151 and the airflow impact portion of the baffle 18 .

[0063] In this embodiment, the lower part of the baffle 18 is provided with a baffle bow structure 181 that is bent toward the side of the non-fertilizer chamber 104; compared with a straight plate, because the storage position is lowered, it is more conducive to blowing the accumulated fertilizer out of the fertilizer chamber 104, and has a more stable fertilizer falling time t from the fertilizer chamber to the ground. 2 ;

[0064] In this embodiment, a transverse plate structure 182 is provided in the middle of the baffle 18. The transverse plate structure 182 is in contact with the flow isolation structure 171 or has a very small gap in a natural state, which is beneficial to reducing the air flow speed and avoiding excessive airflow causing violent splashing of fertilizer.

[0065] like Figure 5 As shown, the gas inlet of the solenoid valve 2 is connected to an external air pressure source (usually an air pump) through an air pipe quick connector II 22; the gas outlet of the solenoid valve 2 is connected to the nozzle 15 through an air pipe quick connector III 23, an air pipe 21 and an air pipe quick connector I 20.

[0066] In this embodiment, a muffler 24 is installed on the solenoid valve 2, which is helpful to reduce the exhaust noise when the solenoid valve 2 is working; the external air pressure source used in this embodiment is an air compressor equipped with an air tank.

[0067] This embodiment works as Figure 6 As shown, the control program starts to initialize parameters and sets the target fertilizer application amount as the target fertilizer discharge amount. After the controller (STM32 single-chip microcomputer) detects that the "on" button is pressed, the controller controls the main program to start working, and the DC brushless motor 63 drives the finger-clamp seed metering device to start rotating, and the seeds discharged by the finger-clamp seed metering device fall out of the seed guide tube 8;

[0068] The controller waits for the seed detection sensor to detect the seed drop signal to trigger an external interrupt. After the external interrupt is triggered, the controller sends a signal to the relay control solenoid valve and opens it for a period of time after the delay time t set by the program according to the requirements of seed-fertilizer synchronous application. Then, the nozzle of the nozzle sprays air to open the baffle, so that the baffle is opened for a period of time. The fertilizer accumulated in the fertilizer storage chamber above the baffle falls rapidly from the fertilizer guide pipe in a hole shape under the action of its own gravity and airflow thrust. At the same time, the controller calculates the current seed drop frequency and the required fertilizer discharge flow rate based on the obtained finger clamp seed discharger speed; the controller controls the motor speed of the electric outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger to adjust the fertilizer discharge amount to reach the target fertilizer discharge amount;

[0069] After the seed detection sensor detects the next seed drop signal, the control flow after the external interrupt is triggered is returned to this cycle; the calculation formula for the required fertilizer discharge flow is:

[0070]

[0071] Where: Q—required fertilizer discharge flow, g / s;

[0072] v—machine forward speed, m / s;

[0073] m—fertilizer application amount per hole, g;

[0074] w—seed hole distance, m;

[0075] like Figure 7 As shown in the figure, according to the requirement of synchronous application of seeds and fertilizers, the calculation formula of the program setting delay time t from the microcontroller receiving the seed drop signal to the solenoid valve opening is:

[0076]

[0077] Where: t—program setting delay time, s;

[0078] t 1 —Time required for seeds to fall from the seed detection sensor to the ground, s;

[0079] t 2 — Time for fertilizer to fall from the fertilizer storage chamber to the ground, s;

[0080] t 3 —Fertilizer spraying lag time, the time from when the I / O port of the solenoid valve switch controlled by the single-chip microcomputer is set to a high level to when the intermittent mechanism baffle opens, s.

[0081] v—machine forward speed, m / s;

[0082] S—horizontal distance between the sensor and the center of the fertilizer storage chamber, m;

[0083] s 1 —Horizontal distance between the sensor and the seed landing point, m;

[0084] s 2 —The horizontal distance between the fertilizer storage chamber and the fertilizer landing point, m;

[0085] s 3 —Seed-fertilizer qualified distance, m.

Claims

1. An air-blowing seed-fertilizer synchronous sowing hole fertilization device, characterized in that: include: An air-blowing intermittent fertilizer discharging device (1), a solenoid valve (2), an electric outer groove wheel type fertilizer discharging device (3), a control box (4), a fertilizer box (5), a seed box, a seeding device driving unit (6), a seeding device, a seed guide tube (8), a seed detection sensor (9), a frame (10) and a fertilizer guide tube (12), wherein the air-blowing intermittent fertilizer discharging device (1), a solenoid valve (2), an electric outer groove wheel type fertilizer discharging device (3), a control box (4), a fertilizer box (5), a seed box, a seeding device driving unit (6), a seeding device and a seed guide tube (8) are mounted and fixed on the frame (10); the electric outer groove wheel type fertilizer discharging device (3) is arranged below the fertilizer box (5); The outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger (3) is directly opposite to the fertilizer receiving funnel (14) of the air-blowing intermittent fertilizer discharger (1) below; a fertilizer guide pipe (12) is installed below the fertilizer accumulation chamber (104) in the air-blowing intermittent fertilizer discharger (1) below; a seed detection sensor (9) is installed in the middle of the seed guide pipe (8) via bolts; a seed metering device driving unit (6) is arranged on one side of the seed metering device; the inlet of the seed metering device is connected to the seed box; and the outlet of the seed metering device is connected to the seed guide pipe (8); the outlet of the seed guide pipe (8) is located directly in front of the outlet of the fertilizer guide pipe (12); and the outlet of the solenoid valve (2) is connected to the nozzle (15) of the air-blowing intermittent fertilizer discharger (1) via an air pipe; The air-blowing intermittent fertilizer discharge device (1) comprises: a fertilizer guide pipe (12), a cover plate (13), a fertilizer receiving funnel (14), a nozzle (15), a spring adjustment block (16), a fertilizer discharge device main beam (17), a baffle (18), a torsion spring (19), two fertilizer discharge device side plates (101), a fertilizer drop side fixing block (102), and a spring side fixing block (103); wherein a fertilizer discharge device side plate (101) is fixed on both sides of the fertilizer drop side fixing block (102) and the spring side fixing block (103), respectively; the fertilizer discharge device main beam (17), the two fertilizer discharge device side plates (101), the fertilizer drop side fixing block (102), and the spring side fixing block (103) are arranged on the upper side of the fertilizer discharge device. 03) to form a flat rectangular space with an opening at the bottom; a fertilizer receiving funnel (14) is fixed at the upper end of the fertilizer discharge side of the main beam (17) of the fertilizer discharge device, the upper end of the fertilizer receiving funnel (14) is directly opposite to the fertilizer outlet of the electric outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger (3), and a corresponding fertilizer outlet (174) is opened at the outlet of the fertilizer receiving funnel (14); a flow partition structure (171) is fixed at the lower end of the main beam (17) of the fertilizer discharge device, and the flow partition structure (171) separates the fertilizer drop area (105) from the air flow area; the upper and middle parts of the fertilizer drop side fixed block (102), the flow partition structure (171) and the two fertilizer discharge device side plates (101) form a fertilizer drop area (105), and the fertilizer The falling area (105) faces the fertilizer outlet (174) above; when no airflow is ejected from the nozzle (15) in a natural state, the baffle (18) is in close contact with the fertilizer outlet side fixing block (102), and a fertilizer accumulation chamber (104) is formed by the lower part of the fertilizer outlet side fixing block (102), the baffle (18) in a natural state, and two fertilizer discharge device side plates (101); the outlet below the fertilizer falling area (105) faces the fertilizer accumulation chamber (104); the baffle junction (185) at the upper end of the baffle (18) is hinged to the cylindrical protrusion (173) of the shell body, and both ends of the cylindrical protrusion (173) of the shell body are fixed to a fertilizer discharge device side plate (101), and the baffle (18) A baffle airflow impact portion (184) is provided on the upper side facing the fertilizer accumulation chamber (104) to make it easier for the airflow to push the baffle (18); the nozzle (15) is fixed to the middle of the main beam (17) of the fertilizer discharge device through an electric nozzle fastening structure (172); the nozzle opening (151) of the nozzle (15) extends into the flat rectangular parallelepiped space and faces the baffle airflow impact portion (184) below; the spring adjustment block (16) is installed on the spring side of the main beam (17) of the fertilizer discharge device, and a torsion spring (19) is installed on the cylindrical protrusion (173) of the shell, and the two ends of the torsion spring (19) are respectively pressed between the spring adjustment block (16) and the baffle (18).

2. The air-blowing seed-fertilizer synchronous sowing hole fertilization device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The seed metering device is a finger-clamp seed metering device (7), which is bolted to the frame (10) via a seed metering device mounting plate I (71) and a seed metering device mounting plate II (72), and the seed metering device mounting plate I (71) and the seed metering device mounting plate II (72) are connected to the frame (10) via a wildebeest fixing member.

3. The air-blowing seed-fertilizer synchronous sowing hole fertilization device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The seed guide tube (8) is fixed to the frame (10) via a seed guide tube mounting plate (81).

4. The air-blowing seed-fertilizer synchronous sowing hole fertilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spring adjustment block (16) is provided with a spring adjustment block fixing groove (161), and the spring adjustment block (16) is fixed by the spring adjustment block fixing groove (161). The spring adjustment block (16) can slide up and down and be fixed in position by bolts or a tensioning structure, so as to adjust the magnitude of the spring force.

5. The air-blowing seed-fertilizer synchronous sowing hole fertilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A baffle spring limiting structure (183) is provided at the position of the baffle (18) and the torsion spring (19) for limiting the position of the torsion spring (19).

6. The air-blowing seed-fertilizer synchronous sowing hole fertilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower part of the baffle (18) is provided with a baffle bow-shaped structure (181) that is bent toward the non-fertilizer storage chamber (104) side.

7. The air-blowing seed-fertilizer synchronous sowing hole fertilization device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A transverse plate structure (182) is provided in the middle of the baffle (18).

8. The air-blowing seed-fertilizer synchronous sowing hole fertilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas inlet of the solenoid valve (2) is connected to an external gas pressure source via a gas pipe quick connector II (22); the gas outlet of the solenoid valve (2) is connected to the nozzle (15) via a gas pipe quick connector III (23), a gas pipe and a gas pipe quick connector I (20).

9. An air-blowing seed-fertilizer synchronous sowing hole fertilization device according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that: The solenoid valve (2) is provided with a muffler (24).

10. A working method based on the air-blowing seed-fertilizer synchronous sowing hole fertilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: include: Step 1: The control program starts to initialize parameters and set the target fertilizer discharge amount; Step 2: The controller controls the main program to start working, the brushless DC motor drives the finger-clip seed meter to start rotating, and the seeds discharged by the finger-clip seed meter fall out of the seed guide tube; Step 3: The controller waits for the seed detection sensor to detect the seed drop signal and trigger an external interrupt. After the external interrupt is triggered, the controller sets the delay time according to the requirements of seed-fertilizer synchronous application. t Then, the relay controls the electromagnetic valve to send a signal and open it for a period of time. Then, the nozzle of the nozzle sprays air to open the baffle, so that the baffle is opened for a period of time. The fertilizer accumulated in the fertilizer accumulation chamber above the baffle falls rapidly from the fertilizer guide pipe in a hole shape under the action of its own gravity and airflow thrust. At the same time, the controller calculates the current seeding frequency and the required fertilizer discharge flow rate based on the obtained finger-clamping seeding device speed; the controller controls the motor speed of the electric outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger to adjust the fertilizer discharge amount to reach the target fertilizer discharge amount; Step 4: After the seed detection sensor detects the next seed drop signal, the control flow after the external interrupt is triggered in step 3 is returned to the cycle; The calculation formula for the required fertilizer discharge flow rate is: ， Where: —Required fertilizer discharge flow rate, g / s, —Machine forward speed, m / s, —Amount of fertilizer applied per hole, g, w —hole distance, m; The program sets the delay time t calculation formula as follows: ， Where: —Program setting delay time, s, —The time required for the seed to fall from the seed detection sensor to the ground, s, —The time for fertilizer to fall from the fertilizer storage chamber to the ground, s, — Fertilizer spraying delay time, the time from when the I / O port of the solenoid valve switch controlled by the single-chip microcomputer is set to a high level to when the intermittent mechanism baffle is opened, s, —Machine forward speed, m / s, —Horizontal distance between the sensor and the center of the fertilizer storage chamber, m, —Horizontal distance between the sensor and the seed landing point, m, —Horizontal distance between the fertilizer storage chamber and the fertilizer landing point, m, —Seed-fertilizer qualified distance, m.

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