A composite observation pier structure and method suitable for machine vision deformation monitoring

Abstract

The application discloses a composite observation pier structure and method suitable for machine vision deformation monitoring. The structure comprises a checking base point observation pier, a working base point observation pier and a measuring point observation pier. The checking base point observation pier comprises a reinforced concrete cast-in-place pile, a bearing platform, a settlement reference point, a checking base point pier column and a forced centering base. The working base point observation pier comprises a reinforced concrete cast-in-place pile, a bearing platform, a settlement observation point, a working base point pier column, a double-layer forced centering base and a pre-buried cable pipe. The measuring point observation pier is located above a monitored building and comprises a measuring point pier column, a settlement observation point, a double-layer forced centering base, a reflecting prism, a backlit target and a pre-buried cable pipe. The double-layer forced centering base is used to coaxially install two instruments, so that the power supply communication, continuous stable monitoring and regular review requirements of a machine vision measurement system are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a benchmark stone structure for safety monitoring of water conservancy and hydropower projects, which is mainly used for deformation monitoring of buildings, and is particularly suitable for water conservancy projects that use machine vision measurement systems for deformation monitoring. Background Art

[0002] During the operation period of a water conservancy project, buildings must be monitored for deformation that meets specified accuracy requirements, including horizontal displacement (deformation in the upstream and downstream directions) and vertical displacement (settlement of the building) based on their level. Vertical displacement monitoring generally uses leveling, while more complex horizontal displacement monitoring requires a monitoring system consisting of calibration base points, working base points, and measuring points, combined with a variety of methods for monitoring. Commonly used methods include the alignment method (line of sight method, tensioning line method, or laser alignment method), intersection method, polar coordinate method, and GNSS method. However, these methods may encounter the following major problems during deployment or use:

[0003] 1. Some projects have poor visibility across the two banks, and the monitoring sightline or tensioning line layout is blocked by obstacles, which cannot meet the conditions for implementing the collimation line method monitoring;

[0004] 2. When water conservancy projects are located on deep soft soil, a plummeting gauge is generally used as a calibration base point, and its protective casing must be deeply embedded in the bedrock. However, when drilling deep holes in soft soil, the verticality of the holes is prone to deviation, which limits the measurement accuracy of the plummeting gauge and results in a lack of a stable and reliable calibration base point for tensioning lines and laser alignment equipment.

[0005] 3. The intersection method generally requires manual monitoring, high technical requirements, large workload, and low observation frequency. It is generally used for verification observations. If normalized automatic measurement is required, multiple automatic total stations must be configured, which is costly and uneconomical.

[0006] 4. The measurement accuracy of the polar coordinate method and GNSS method can only reach about 1cm, which does not meet the 0.1mm accuracy requirement for deformation monitoring of first and second level buildings. Currently, it can only be used for buildings below third level.

[0007] In recent years, with the advancement of image recognition and edge computing technologies, machine vision measurement systems have been widely used in water conservancy projects due to their high accuracy, high degree of automation, and low labor costs. This new measurement system consists of a backlit target and a machine vision measuring instrument. Its measurement principle is as follows: The camera on the machine vision measuring instrument captures an image of the target mounted on the object being measured. Built-in image enhancement and edge computing software converts the image into two-dimensional data. By monitoring the changes in the pixel coordinates of the target center within each image frame, the horizontal and vertical displacements of the object under test are continuously measured. This measurement principle demonstrates that machine vision measures the relative displacement of the target center relative to its initial position in the first image frame and cannot directly determine its absolute displacement. Therefore, if the target angle is adjusted or the observation equipment is replaced, the image position of the target center changes abruptly, interrupting the series of deformation measurements at the measuring point. Furthermore, while the measurement results of machine vision measuring instruments are highly automated, they still require regular verification using other monitoring methods to ensure their reliability.

[0008] To ensure the implementation of routine monitoring and verification, the deformation monitoring system for water conservancy projects is divided into three levels: verification base points, working base points, and measurement points. Verification base points are typically located on observation piers outside the influence of buildings and are used to install verification instruments to verify deformation at working base points. Working base points are typically located on observation piers near buildings and are used to install monitoring instruments to measure deformation at various points on the buildings. Measurement points are located on observation piers near buildings and are used to install observation targets to provide monitoring targets.

[0009] The standard observation pier structure recommended in the current safety monitoring design specifications usually has a forced centering plate on its top, which only provides a horizontal mounting hole for installing observation instruments or observation targets. Monitoring personnel temporarily disassemble or replace equipment according to different observation needs. However, the machine vision measurement system needs to maintain the stability of the measurement sequence and should avoid disassembling the target as much as possible. Therefore, it is necessary to design a composite observation pier structure suitable for machine vision deformation monitoring, especially the working base point observation pier and the measuring point observation pier. Their tops need to have two coaxial forced centering bases, which can be installed with two different observation equipment for automatic monitoring and verification. At the same time, the composite observation pier structure must also add cable channels to meet the power supply or communication requirements of the equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0010] In order to overcome the technical defects existing in the existing structure and meet the requirements of power supply and communication, continuous and stable monitoring and regular review of the machine vision measurement system, the present invention provides a composite observation pier structure and method suitable for machine vision deformation monitoring. By utilizing a coaxial double-layer forced centering base, it can simultaneously provide installation positions for the backlight target and the reflective prism, thereby ensuring the accuracy and reliability of monitoring.

[0011] The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

[0012] A composite observation pier structure suitable for machine vision deformation monitoring includes three types of observation piers with different uses and locations: a calibration base point observation pier, a working base point observation pier, and a measuring point observation pier. The calibration base point observation pier needs to be arranged at two locations outside the building influence area and with line of sight to each other, and is used to regularly measure the absolute displacement of the working base point observation pier and each measuring point observation pier. The working base point observation pier is arranged on a site near the monitored building and is used to routinely measure the deformation of each measuring point observation pier. The measuring point observation pier is installed on the monitored building and has good line of sight with each measuring point observation pier on the building, keeping the observation light path unobstructed, and is used to install reflective prisms or backlit targets used for deformation observation. The calibration base point observation pier, its structure includes reinforced concrete cast-in-place piles, a foundation, a calibration base point pier column, a forced centering base, a settlement reference point, and a total station. The foundation is located on the top of the reinforced concrete cast-in-place pile and serves as the foundation for the calibration base point pier column to reduce deformation and settlement. The settlement reference point, located on the foundation, serves as the benchmark elevation for settlement monitoring and verifies the elevation of the working base observation pier. The top of the verification base pier is elevated above the ground, and a forced centering base is installed on top. It provides good line of sight with other verification base observation piers, the working base observation pier, and the observation piers at various measuring points on the building, ensuring a clear optical path for verification.

[0013] The working base point observation pier includes reinforced concrete cast-in-place piles, caps, working base point pier columns, settlement observation points, double-layer forced centering bases, machine vision measuring instruments, reflective prisms and pre-buried cable pipes. The caps are located on the top of the reinforced concrete cast-in-place piles as the foundation of the working base point pier columns to reduce deformation and settlement. The settlement observation point is located on the caps and serves as the starting height for settlement monitoring to measure the elevation of the observation piers at each measuring point. The working base point pier column is higher than the ground, and the double-layer forced centering base is installed on the top. The reflective prism is installed on the lower base of the double-layer forced centering base to verify the position of the working base point observation pier; the machine vision measuring instrument is installed on the upper base of the double-layer forced centering base to monitor the deformation of the measuring point. The pre-buried cable pipe is buried in the working base point pier column to supply power to the machine vision measuring instrument and transmit monitoring information.

[0014] The measuring point observation pier includes a measuring point pier column, a settlement observation point, a double-layer forced centering base, a reflecting prism, a backlight target and a pre-buried cable pipe. The settlement observation point is located on the monitoring building and is arranged close to the measuring point observation pier, and is used to measure the elevation of the measuring point observation pier. The measuring point pier column is higher than the ground, and the double-layer forced centering base is installed on the top. There are no obstacles between it and the working base point observation pier, and there are good visibility conditions. The reflecting prism is installed on the lower base of the double-layer forced centering base for manually measuring the absolute displacement of the measuring point observation pier; the backlight target is installed on the upper base of the double-layer forced centering base for monitoring the relative displacement of the measuring point observation pier. The pre-buried cable pipe is buried in the measuring point pier column and is used to supply power to the backlight target.

[0015] Furthermore, the double-layer forced centering base includes upper and lower forced centering bases, three anchor bars with vertical fine-tuners, and three support screws with vertical fine-tuners. The forced centering base uses the principle of three-slot positioning to provide a forced centering connection for the machine vision measuring instrument, reflective prism, and backlight target. The anchor bar with the vertical fine-tuner is located below the bottom base of the forced centering base and is used to ensure that the forced centering base of the lower base is level during the casting of the working base pier or the measuring point pier, and the angle between adjacent anchor bars is 120 degrees. The support screw with vertical fine-tuning is located between the two bases of the double-layer forced centering base and is used to adjust the upper base of the double-layer forced centering base to a level level, and the angle between adjacent support screws is 120 degrees.

[0016] Furthermore, the reinforced concrete bored piles are rock-embedded piles with a pile diameter greater than 80 cm.

[0017] Furthermore, the working base pier is 1.2m to 1.3m above the ground.

[0018] Furthermore, the measuring point pier is 1 meter away from surrounding structures and 1.2 to 1.3 meters above the ground.

[0019] The verification base point observation pier of the present invention adopts an ordinary observation pier structure, and only needs to provide a forced centering base on its top for installing a total station to perform manual verification observation of the working base point and measuring point; and the tops of the working base point observation pier and the measuring point observation pier need to be installed with a coaxial double-layer forced centering base, which can simultaneously provide installation positions for a machine vision measuring instrument, a backlight target and a reflective prism, thereby meeting various requirements for deformation monitoring.

[0020] The present invention provides a monitoring method for a composite observation pier structure suitable for machine vision deformation monitoring, comprising the following steps:

[0021] S1. Establish a rectangular coordinate system that includes the monitoring structure, the working base observation pier, and the measuring point observation pier. The origin can be selected at the center of a calibration base observation pier. The X-axis is generally perpendicular to the axis of the monitoring structure and points downstream. The Y-axis is along the axis of the monitoring structure, and the Z-axis is the vertical axis. The positive directions of the three axes form a right-handed system. ∠A is the angle between the X-axis and the upstream and downstream directions of the water flow. For ease of calculation, the angle is generally controlled to be 0 degrees.

[0022] S2, measurement initial value;

[0023] Before the water conservancy project is put into operation, a total station is set up on each of the two calibration base observation piers to observe the reflecting prisms on the observation piers and measure the original coordinates C of each measuring point. i0 (x i0 ,y i0 ), where i = 1, 2, 3, ..., n represents the number of the measuring point, and the original elevation H of the measuring point is measured by leveling. i0 ; Observe the reflecting prism on the observation pier of the working base point, measure the initial coordinates S0 (x0, y0) of the working base point, and use leveling to measure the initial elevation H0 of the working base point;

[0024] S3, calibration and monitoring;

[0025] The frequency of verification monitoring is once a month, and the number of observations can be increased as needed. Generally, manual observation methods are used, which mainly include the following two tasks:

[0026] 1) Measure the cumulative horizontal displacement and settlement of the observation piers at each measuring point this month.

[0027] Set up total stations on the observation piers of the calibration base points, observe the reflecting prisms on the observation piers of the measuring points, and measure the coordinates C of each measuring point this month. i ′0(x i ′0,y i ′0), and calculate the accumulated value of horizontal deformation The elevation H of the measuring point is measured by leveling i ′0, and calculate the cumulative settlement value Δh i =H i ′0-H i0 ; After review, adjust the backlight target so that its center position reading returns to zero.

[0028] 2) Check the deformation of the observation pier at the working base point.

[0029] Total stations were set up on the two calibration base point observation piers respectively. The reflecting prisms on the working base point observation piers were manually observed. The coordinates S1(x1, y1) of the working base point observation piers were measured by the intersection method. The elevation H1 of the working base point was measured by leveling. Compared with the coordinates S1′(x1′, y1′) and elevation H1′ of the working base point last month, the displacement of the working base point in the upstream and downstream directions along the water flow was calculated. and sedimentation Δh=H1-H1′.

[0030] S4. Monitor the deformation of the measuring points every day;

[0031] The machine vision measuring instrument on the observation pier of the working base point monitors the relative horizontal and vertical deformation of each measuring point every day. After verification, the measured value of the i-th measuring point on the j-th day is ΔP ij (Δd ij ,Δz ij ), Δd ij represents the displacement, Δz ij Indicates settlement, and the horizontal displacement value c of each measuring point is obtained i ' j =Δc i +Δd ij and settlement value h i ' j =Δh i +Δz ij .

[0032] S5. Correcting deformation measurement data;

[0033] When the next calibration of the working base point observation pier is completed, the horizontal displacement value c of the measuring point after the last calibration is calculated according to the following formula: i ' j and settlement value h i ' j Make corrections to get the final deformation value:

[0034] c ij =c i ' j +j×Δs / N d

[0035] h ij =h i ' j +j×Δh / N d

[0036] N d Indicates the number of days between two consecutive calibrations.

[0037] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0038] 1. The composite observation pier structure improves the limitation of traditional concrete observation piers that can only install one alignment device. Through the double-layer forced alignment base, two coaxial observation devices can be installed. The backlit target provides automatic monitoring for the machine vision measurement system; the reflective prism can perform optical measurement using the line of sight or intersection method.

[0039] 2. Using a total station to observe each reflecting prism can obtain the initial position of the observation pier at each measuring point. Combined with the real-time relative deformation measured by the machine vision measuring instrument and the backlit target, the accurate position of each measuring point can be continuously changed, which makes up for the defect that the machine vision measuring instrument can only measure the relative deformation of the measured building.

[0040] 3. After replacing the machine vision measuring instrument or backlight target, the previous observation sequence can be continued by rechecking the actual position of the measuring point to ensure the continuity of safety monitoring and solve the problem of the measurement sequence being unable to be continued.

[0041] 4. The machine vision measuring instrument requires power supply and external signal transmission channel. The composite observation pier adds pre-buried cable pipes to provide monitoring power supply and signal channels. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the monitoring arrangement of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of the calibration base point observation pier of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the working base point observation pier of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the installation of top equipment for the working base point observation pier of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of the measuring point observation pier of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the installation of top equipment for the observation pier at the measuring point of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 7 It is an axonometric view of the double-layer forced centering base of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 8 is an elevation view of the double-layer forced centering base of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 9 is a flow chart of the monitoring method of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 10 This is a process line diagram of the present invention for monitoring the horizontal deformation of a pump station project at measuring point 1 on a single day;

[0052] Figure 11 This is a process line diagram of the present invention for single-day settlement monitoring at measuring point 1 of a pumping station project;

[0053] Figure 12 This is a process line diagram of the present invention for monitoring the horizontal deformation of a pump station project at measuring point 1 for a single month;

[0054] Figure 13 It is a process line diagram of the single-month settlement monitoring at measuring point No. 1 of a certain pumping station project according to the present invention.

[0055] In the figure: 1. Calibration base point observation pier; 2. Working base point observation pier; 3. Measuring point observation pier; 4. Observation optical path; 5. Calibration optical path; 6. Monitoring building; 7. Reinforced concrete cast-in-place pile; 8. Cap; 9. Settlement benchmark point; 10. Calibration base point pier; 11. Forced centering base; 12. Total station; 13. Settlement observation point; 14. Working base point pier; 15. Double-layer forced centering base; 16. Pre-buried cable pipe; 17. Reflecting prism; 18. Machine vision measuring instrument; 19. Power supply and communication cable; 20. Measuring point pier; 21. Backlight target; 22. Power supply cable; 23. Anchor foot; 24. Support screw; 25. Vertical fine adjuster; 26. Positioning slot; 27. Mounting hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0057] The present invention discloses a composite observation pier structure suitable for machine vision deformation monitoring, comprising a check base point observation pier 1, a working base point observation pier 2 and a measuring point observation pier 3, which is suitable for use in a deformation monitoring system for water conservancy projects on soft soil sites. The plane layout is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, an unobstructed calibration optical path 5 is formed between the calibration base observation pier 1, the working base observation pier 2, and the measuring point observation pier 3 for regularly reviewing their coordinates and elevations. An unobstructed observation optical path 4 is formed between the working base observation pier 2 and the measuring point observation pier 3 for automatically recording and monitoring the deformation of the building 6.

[0058] The verification base point observation pier 1 includes reinforced concrete bored piles 7, pedestals 8, settlement reference points 9, verification base point piers 10 and forced centering bases 11. The reinforced concrete bored piles 7 are generally rock-embedded piles with a pile diameter greater than 80 cm. The pedestal 8 is located at the top of the bored pile as the foundation of the working base point pier 14 to reduce the deformation and settlement of the structure. The settlement reference point 9 is installed on the pedestal 8 as the benchmark elevation for settlement monitoring. The verification base point pier 10 is 1.2 m above the ground, and a forced centering base 11 is installed on the top. During verification monitoring, the total station 12 is installed on the forced centering base 11 to observe the deformation of the working base point observation pier 2 and the measuring point observation pier 3, as shown Figure 2 shown.

[0059] The working base point observation pier 2 includes reinforced concrete bored piles 7, pedestals 8, settlement observation points 13, working base point piers 14, double-layer forced centering bases 15, and pre-buried cable pipes 16. The reinforced concrete bored piles 7 generally use rock-embedded piles with a pile diameter greater than 80 cm. The pedestal 8 is located at the top of the bored pile as the foundation of the working base point pier 14 to reduce the deformation and settlement of the structure. The settlement observation point 13 is installed on the pedestal 8 as the starting elevation for settlement monitoring, and is used to measure the elevation of the observation pier 3 at each measuring point. The working base point pier 14 is 1.2 m above the ground, and a double-layer forced centering base 15 is installed on the top. The pre-buried cable pipe 16 is installed between the working base point pier 14 and the pedestal 8, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 shown.

[0060] During deformation monitoring, the lower layer of the double-layer forced centering base 15 on the top of the working base observation pier 2 is installed with a reflective prism 17 for verifying the position change of the working base observation pier 2; the upper layer of the base is installed with a machine vision measuring instrument 18 for monitoring the deformation of the measuring point observation pier 3. The pre-buried cable pipe 16 is installed with power supply and communication cables 19 to supply power to the machine vision measuring instrument 18 and transmit monitoring information to the outside, such as Figure 4 shown.

[0061] The observation pier 3 includes a monitoring building 6, a settlement observation point 13, a measurement pier column 20, a double-layer forced centering base 15, and a pre-buried cable pipe 16. The measurement pier column 20 is 1.2m higher than the structural surface of the monitoring building 6, and the double-layer forced centering base 15 is installed on the top. The settlement observation point 13 is installed close to the measurement pier column 20 and is used to measure the settlement of the measurement observation pier 3. The pre-buried cable pipe 16 is installed between the measurement pier column 20 and the monitoring building 6. Figure 5 shown.

[0062] During deformation monitoring, the lower base of the double-layer forced centering base 15 on the top of the observation pier 3 is equipped with a reflective prism 17, the upper base is equipped with a backlight target 21, and the power supply cable 22 is powered through the pre-buried cable pipe 16. Figure 6 shown.

[0063] Furthermore, the double-layer forced centering base 15 includes a forced centering base 11, an anchor foot 23, a support screw 24, and a vertical fine-tuner 25. The vertical fine-tuner 25 on the anchor foot 23 can adjust the forced centering base 11 of the lower layer to a horizontal position; the vertical fine-tuner 25 on the support screw 24 can adjust the forced centering base 11 of the upper layer to a horizontal position, ensuring that various equipment can be installed on a horizontal surface. There are three positioning grooves 26 with an angle of 120 degrees on the forced centering base 11, and there is a mounting hole 27 at the center of the base for installing equipment, such as Figure 7 and Figure 8 shown.

[0064] The present invention provides a monitoring method for composite observation pier structure suitable for machine vision deformation monitoring, which is used to monitor the deformation of a pump station project in May. Figure 9 The following steps are used for monitoring and calculation:

[0065] S1. Establish a monitoring coordinate system;

[0066] In this pump station project, the origin of the coordinate system is located at the center of the forced centering base 11 of the right bank verification base point observation pier 1. The X-axis is in the same direction as the water flow, with the positive direction pointing downstream. The angle ∠A between the X-axis and the water flow direction is 0 degrees; the Y-axis is along the axis of the monitoring building 6, and the vertical is the Z-axis. The positive directions of the three axes are right-handed.

[0067] S2, measurement initial value;

[0068] After the completion of the water conservancy project, the machine vision deformation monitoring system was put into use on May 15, 2023. The total station 12 was installed on the two calibration base point observation piers 1, and the deformation of the working base point observation pier 2 and the reflective prism 17 on the top of the three measurement point observation piers 3 was measured. The initial position C of the measurement point observation pier 3 can be measured. 10 (69.738,69.116),C 20 (69.767,90.015) and C 30 (69.741,110.823); Using leveling, the initial elevation H of the observation pier 3 at three measuring points was measured. 10 =5.988m, H 20 =6.012m and H 30 =5.989m; the initial position S0 (61.498, 6.993) and initial elevation H0 = 8.302m of the working base point observation pier 2 were measured.

[0069] S3, calibration and monitoring;

[0070] 1) Measure the cumulative horizontal displacement and settlement of Pier 3 at each measuring point this month.

[0071] In June 2023, a calibration monitoring was conducted on the observation pier 3. The coordinates of each measuring point in this month were measured: C1′0 (69.737, 69.118), C2′0 (69.765, 90.016) and C3′0 (69.739, 110.823), and the accumulated horizontal deformation value Δc1 = x1′0-x 10 =-0.001m, Δc2 = x2′0-x 20 = -0.002m and Δc3 = x3′0-x 30=-0.002m; the elevations of the measuring points were measured by leveling: H1′0 = 5.987m, H2′0 = 6.010m and H3′0 = 5.988m, and the calculated cumulative settlement value Δh1 = H1′0-H 10 =-0.001m, Δh2 = H2′0-H 20 = -0.002m and Δh3 = H3′0-H 30 =-0.001m.

[0072] 2) Check the deformation of pier 2 at the working base point observation point.

[0073] In June 2023, a calibration monitoring was carried out on the working base point observation pier 2, and the coordinates S1 (61.498, 6.996) and elevation H1 = 8.301m of the working base point observation pier 2 were measured. Compared with the coordinates S1′ (61.498, 6.997) and elevation H1′ = 8.302m obtained from the calibration monitoring of the working base point last month, the displacement Δs = x1′ - x1 = 0 and the settlement Δh = H1 - H1′ = -0.001m of the working base point in the upstream and downstream directions of the water flow this month were calculated.

[0074] S4. Monitor the deformation of the measuring points every day;

[0075] The machine vision measuring instrument 18 on the observation pier 2 of the working base point monitors the relative horizontal and vertical deformation of each measuring point every day. After verification, the measured values ​​of the three measuring points on the jth day are ΔP 1j (Δd 1j ,Δz 1j ),ΔP 2j (Δd 2j ,Δz 2j ) and ΔP 3j (Δd 3j ,Δz 3j ), taking the horizontal displacement and settlement of the first measuring point as an example, the process line diagrams of the relative deformation of the measuring points on that day are shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11 After calculation, the horizontal displacement values ​​of each measuring point are c1′ j =Δc1+Δd 1j 、c2′ j =Δc2+Δd 2j and c3′ j =Δc3+Δd 3j , the settlement values ​​are h1′ j =Δh1+Δz 1j 、h2′ j =Δh2+Δz 2j and h3′ j =Δh3+Δz 3j .

[0076] S5. Correcting deformation measurement data;

[0077] After linear interpolation of the actual displacement of the working base point observation pier 2 in June and the actual displacement verified in May (the initial value was used in this month), the measurement results in May were corrected to obtain the final deformation.

[0078] After the working base point observation pier 2 has completed a calibration, the horizontal displacement value c1′ of the measuring point after the last calibration is calculated according to the following formula: j 、c2′ j and c3′ j , settlement value h1′ j 、h2′ j and h3′ j Correction is performed to obtain the observed deformation values ​​of the three measuring points. Taking the horizontal displacement and settlement of the first measuring point as an example, the process line diagrams of the relative deformation of the measuring points in that month are shown in Figure 2. Figure 12 and Figure 13 :

[0079] c 1j =c1′ j +j×0 / N d =c1′ j 、c 2j =c2′ j +j×0 / N d =c2′ j and c 3j =c3′ j +j×0 / N d =c3′ j

[0080] h 1j =h1′ j -j×0.001 / N d 、h 2j =h2′ j -j×0.001 / N d and h 3j =h3′ j -j×0.001 / N d

[0081] N d Indicates the number of days between two consecutive calibrations.

[0082] After corrections, the monitoring values ​​for May 2023 showed that measuring point 1 had the largest upstream displacement of 1.24mm on May 20, the largest downstream displacement of 0.6mm on May 28, the largest upward deformation of 1.24mm on May 17, and the largest settlement of 1.76mm on May 30. The implementation of this monitoring method enabled automated and continuous observation of pump station deformation, and the results of manual monitoring could be used to verify the monitoring results of the automated equipment.

[0083] The above embodiments describe the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but this should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, without departing from the concept of the present invention, technical solutions obtained by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation methods all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite observation pier structure suitable for machine vision deformation monitoring, characterized by: It includes a check base point observation pier, a working base point observation pier and a measuring point observation pier; the check base point observation pier is arranged at two positions outside the building influence area and with clear line of sight; the working base point observation pier is arranged on the site near the monitoring building; the measuring point observation pier is installed on the monitoring building; The verification base point observation pier includes a reinforced concrete cast-in-place pile, a cap, a verification base point pier column, a forced centering base, a settlement reference point, and a total station; the cap is located on the top of the reinforced concrete cast-in-place pile and serves as the foundation of the verification base point pier column; the settlement reference point is located on the cap and serves as the benchmark elevation for settlement monitoring to verify the elevation of the working base point observation pier; the top of the verification base point pier column is higher than the ground, and a forced centering base is installed on the top, and there is good line of sight with other verification base point observation piers, working base point observation piers, and observation piers at various measuring points on the building, keeping the verification optical path unobstructed; The working base point observation pier includes a reinforced concrete cast-in-place pile, a cap, a working base point pier column, a settlement observation point, a double-layer forced centering base, a machine vision measuring instrument, a reflective prism and a pre-buried cable pipe; the cap is located on the top of the reinforced concrete cast-in-place pile and serves as the foundation of the working base point pier column; the settlement observation point is located on the cap and serves as the starting height for settlement monitoring to measure the elevation of each observation pier at each measuring point; the working base point pier column is higher than the ground and there are no obstacles between it and the observation piers at each measuring point on the building, so as to keep the observation light path unobstructed; the double-layer forced centering base is installed on the top of the working base point pier column, and the reflective prism is installed on the lower base of the double-layer forced centering base for verifying the position of the working base point observation pier; the machine vision measuring instrument is installed on the upper base of the double-layer forced centering base for monitoring the deformation of the measuring point; the pre-buried cable pipe is buried in the working base point pier column to supply power to the machine vision measuring instrument and transmit monitoring information; The measuring point observation pier includes a measuring point pier column, a settlement observation point, a double-layer forced centering base, a reflective prism, a backlight target, and a pre-buried cable pipe; the settlement observation point is located on the monitoring building and is arranged close to the measuring point pier column; the double-layer forced centering base is installed on the top of the measuring point pier column, and there is no obstacle between it and the working base point observation pier; the reflective prism is installed on the lower base of the double-layer forced centering base for manually measuring the absolute displacement of the measuring point observation pier; The backlight target is installed on the upper base of the double-layer forced centering base to monitor the relative displacement of the observation pier at the measuring point; the pre-buried cable pipe is buried in the measuring point pier to supply power to the backlight target.

2. The composite observation pier structure suitable for machine vision deformation monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The double-layer forced centering base includes an upper and lower forced centering base, three anchor bars with vertical fine-tuners and three support screws with vertical fine-tuners; the double-layer forced centering base provides a forced centering connection for the machine vision measuring instrument, reflective prism and backlight target; the anchor bars with vertical fine-tuners are located below the bottom base of the double-layer forced centering base, and are used to ensure that the lower base of the double-layer forced centering base is level during the casting of the working base pier or measuring point pier; the angle between adjacent anchor bars is 120 degrees; the support screws are located between the two bases of the double-layer forced centering base, and are used to adjust the upper base of the double-layer forced centering base to a level level; the angle between adjacent support screws is 120 degrees.

3. The composite observation pier structure suitable for machine vision deformation monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reinforced concrete cast-in-place piles are rock-embedded piles with a pile diameter greater than 80 cm.

4. The composite observation pier structure suitable for machine vision deformation monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The working base pier is 1.2m to 1.3m above the ground.

5. The composite observation pier structure suitable for machine vision deformation monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The measuring point pier is 1 meter away from the surrounding structures and is 1.2 to 1.3 meters above the ground.

6. A monitoring method for a composite observation pier structure suitable for machine vision deformation monitoring using the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Establish a rectangular coordinate system including the monitoring building, the working base observation pier, and the measuring point observation pier. The origin is selected at the center of a verification base observation pier. The X-axis is perpendicular to the axis of the monitoring building and points downstream. The Y-axis is along the axis of the monitoring building. The vertical direction is the Z-axis. The positive directions of the three axes are right-handed. ∠A is the angle between the X-axis and the upstream and downstream directions of the water flow. For ease of calculation, the control angle is 0 degrees. S2, measurement initial value; Before the water conservancy project is put into operation, a total station is set up on each of the two calibration base observation piers to observe the reflecting prisms on the observation piers and measure the original coordinates C of each measuring point. i0 (x i0 ,y i0 ), where i = 1, 2, 3, ..., n represents the number of the measuring point, and the original elevation H of the measuring point is measured by leveling. i0 ; Observe the reflecting prism on the observation pier of the working base point, measure the initial coordinates S0 (x0, y0) of the working base point, and use leveling to measure the initial elevation H0 of the working base point; S3. Verification monitoring: The frequency of verification monitoring is once a month, and the number of observations can be increased as needed. Manual observation methods are used, and mainly include the following two tasks: 1) Measure the cumulative horizontal displacement and settlement of the observation piers at each measuring point this month; Set up total stations on the observation piers of the calibration base points, observe the reflecting prisms on the observation piers of the measuring points, and measure the coordinates C' of each measuring point this month. i0 (x′ i0 ,y′ i0 ), and calculate the accumulated horizontal deformation The elevation H′ of the measuring point is measured by leveling i0 , and calculate the cumulative settlement value Δh i =H′ i0 -H i0 After review, adjust the backlight target so that its center position reading returns to zero; 2) Check the deformation of the observation pier at the working base point; Total stations were set up on the two calibration base point observation piers respectively. The reflecting prisms on the working base point observation piers were manually observed. The coordinates S1(x1,y1) of the working base point observation piers were measured by the intersection method. The elevation H1 of the working base point was measured by leveling. Compared with the coordinates S′1(x′1,y′1) and elevation H′1 of the working base point last month, the displacement of the working base point in the upstream and downstream directions along the water flow was calculated. and sedimentation Δh=H1-H′1; S4. Monitor the deformation of the measuring points every day; The machine vision measuring instrument on the observation pier of the working base regularly monitors the relative horizontal and vertical deformation of each measuring point every day. After verification, the measured value of the i-th measuring point on the j-th day is ΔP ij (Δd ij ,Δz ij ), Δd ij represents the displacement, Δz ij Indicates settlement, and the horizontal displacement value c′ of each measuring point is obtained ij =Δc i +Δd ij and sedimentation value h′ ij =Δh i +Δz ij ; S5. Correcting deformation measurement data; When the next calibration of the working base point observation pier is completed, the horizontal displacement value c′ of the measuring point after the last calibration is calculated according to the following formula: ij and sedimentation value h′ ij Make corrections to get the final deformation value: c ij =c′ ij +j×Δs / N d h ij =h′ ij +j×Δh / N d N d Indicates the number of days between two consecutive calibrations.

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