A dual-polarized and circularly-polarized dual-band co-axial antenna based on decoupling surface

Abstract

The application discloses a dual-polarization and circular polarization dual-frequency coaxial antenna based on a decoupling surface and relates to the technical field of antennas.The antenna comprises a first dielectric plate, a decoupling surface, a low-frequency dipole antenna, a low-frequency dipole antenna Y-shaped feed line, a low-frequency feed coaxial line, a second dielectric plate, a high-frequency patch antenna, a high-frequency patch antenna hook-shaped feed line, a high-frequency feed coaxial line, a third dielectric plate, a fourth dielectric plate, a fifth dielectric plate, a one-to-two linear polarization differential feed power divider and a one-to-four circular polarization feed power divider.The combination of the decoupling surface and the low-frequency antenna makes the radiation wave of the high-frequency antenna penetrate through, solves the problem of the low-frequency antenna shielding the high-frequency antenna, restores the gain of the high-frequency antenna and repairs the distortion of the high-frequency antenna directional diagram without affecting the normal operation of the low-frequency antenna and without increasing the overall profile of the antenna.The dual-polarization decoupling and the circular polarization decoupling can be realized.The port isolation degree of the high-frequency and the low-frequency is less than-25 dB between the two working frequency bands, and good decoupling effect is achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a dual-polarization and circular-polarization dual-frequency coaxial antenna based on a decoupling surface. BACKGROUND

[0002] The frequency bands of conventional 2G, 3G and 4G wireless communication are usually located within 0.69-0.96 GHz and 1.7-2.7 GHz, and the Sub-6 GHz 5G frequency band mainly contains 3.3-3.6 GHz and 4.4-5.0 GHz. Among these frequency bands, different operators have their own sub-bands. Although the fifth generation mobile communication system (5G) has the advantages of high transmission rate and low delay, due to the limitations of cost, coverage range and base station site, etc., 5G cannot completely replace the original communication system, and the antennas of multiple generations of communication systems and multiple frequency bands inevitably need to coexist.

[0003] To solve the above problems, one solution is to use the layout of multi-frequency antennas. The multi-frequency co-aperture antenna technology is to install antennas of different frequency bands in a reasonable layout in the same aperture and place them on the same floor, which can effectively improve the space occupancy rate of the antenna. Due to the reduced distance between antennas of different frequency bands, this technology not only saves space cost but also increases the mutual coupling between antennas of different frequency bands. To achieve a more compact layout, antennas of different frequencies can be placed side by side, embedded in each other, or stacked on the same reflector using a coaxial arrangement. However, when using a coaxial arrangement, the low-frequency antenna will block the high-frequency antenna, resulting in increased mutual coupling between the high and low frequency antennas and distortion of the high-frequency antenna pattern.

[0004] Currently, some scholars have proposed using partial reflection surfaces (PRS) and frequency selective surfaces (FSS) to achieve decoupling of antennas of different frequencies, so that the antennas can work normally at their respective frequency bands. However, a large part of these surfaces are placed above the low-frequency antenna, which undoubtedly increases the overall profile of the antenna. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to solve the problems of the prior art and provides a dual-polarization and circular-polarization dual-frequency coaxial antenna based on a decoupling surface. The antenna is a high-low frequency coaxial antenna that uses a decoupling surface to eliminate the blocking problem of the low-frequency antenna to the high-frequency antenna. Without increasing the overall profile of the antenna, the antenna achieves decoupling of dual-polarization and circular-polarization, a more compact layout, improved isolation between high and low frequency antenna ports, and repair of the distortion of the high-frequency antenna pattern.

[0006] One of the schemes of the present application comprises a first dielectric plate, a decoupling surface, a low-frequency dipole antenna, a low-frequency dipole antenna Y-shaped feed line, a low-frequency feed coaxial line, a second dielectric plate, a high-frequency patch antenna, a high-frequency patch antenna hook-shaped feed line, a high-frequency feed coaxial line, a third dielectric plate, a fourth dielectric plate, a one-to-two line polarization differential feed power divider;

[0007] The upper surface of the first dielectric plate is printed with a decoupling surface and two low-frequency dipole antenna Y-shaped feed lines, the intersection of the two low-frequency dipole antenna Y-shaped feed lines uses a jumper structure, the lower surface of the first dielectric plate is printed with a low-frequency dipole antenna, the decoupling surface comprises 20 decoupling units, each decoupling unit comprises a cross-shaped metal patch and four L-shaped patches, the four L-shaped patches are arranged around the periphery of the cross-shaped metal patch, and the low-frequency dipole antenna comprises four ring-shaped patches; four non-metalized vias are arranged along the periphery of the first dielectric plate for fixing the first dielectric plate; the decoupling surface is combined with the low-frequency antenna to make the radiation wave of the high-frequency antenna penetrate through, so as to solve the problem of shielding of the low-frequency antenna to the high-frequency antenna, restore the gain of the high-frequency antenna, repair the distortion of the high-frequency antenna pattern, and realize dual-polarization decoupling.

[0008] The upper surface of the second dielectric plate is printed with four high-frequency patch antenna hook-shaped feed lines, and the lower surface of the second dielectric plate is printed with a high-frequency patch antenna; a groove structure is arranged below the high-frequency patch antenna hook-shaped feed line of the high-frequency patch antenna for exciting the antenna to work; four small metalized vias are arranged on the periphery of the second dielectric plate for fixing the second dielectric plate; and a large non-metalized via is arranged in the middle of the second dielectric plate to facilitate the low-frequency feed coaxial line to pass through the second dielectric plate.

[0009] The upper surface of the third dielectric plate is printed with a metal ground; the third dielectric plate is provided with four non-metalized vias for fixing with the first dielectric plate; the third dielectric plate is provided with four non-metalized vias for fixing with the second dielectric plate; the third dielectric plate is further provided with two non-metalized vias for the low-frequency feed coaxial line to pass through; and the third dielectric plate is provided with four non-metalized vias to facilitate the high-frequency feed coaxial line to pass through the third dielectric plate.

[0010] The upper surface of the fourth dielectric plate is printed with a one-to-two line polarization differential feed power divider ground plate, and the lower surface of the fourth dielectric plate is printed with a one-to-two line polarization differential feed power divider; the lengths of the two parts after the microstrip line separation of the one-to-two line polarization differential feed power divider are different by one half of the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band.

[0011] The inner conductor of the low-frequency feeding coaxial line is connected to a low-frequency dipole antenna Y-shaped feeding line, and the outer conductor of the low-frequency feeding coaxial line is connected to the floor of the third dielectric plate; the inner conductor of the high-frequency feeding coaxial line is connected to a high-frequency patch antenna hook-shaped feeding line, and the outer conductor of the high-frequency feeding coaxial line is connected to the floor of the third dielectric plate.

[0012] The inner conductor of the high-frequency feeding coaxial line is connected to a one-to-two line polarization differential feeding power divider, and the outer conductor of the high-frequency feeding coaxial line is connected to a one-to-two line polarization differential feeding power divider floor.

[0013] The second scheme of the present application comprises a first dielectric plate, a decoupling surface, a low-frequency dipole antenna, a low-frequency dipole antenna Y-shaped feeding line, a low-frequency feeding coaxial line, a second dielectric plate, a high-frequency patch antenna, a high-frequency patch antenna hook-shaped feeding line, a high-frequency feeding coaxial line, a third dielectric plate, a fifth dielectric plate, and a one-to-four circular polarization feeding power divider.

[0014] The upper surface of the first dielectric plate is printed with a decoupling surface and two low-frequency dipole antenna Y-shaped feeding lines, the intersection of the two low-frequency dipole antenna Y-shaped feeding lines uses a jumper structure, the lower surface of the first dielectric plate is printed with a low-frequency dipole antenna, the decoupling surface comprises 20 decoupling units, each decoupling unit comprises a cross-shaped metal patch and four L-shaped patches, the four L-shaped patches are arranged around the periphery of the cross-shaped metal patch, and the low-frequency dipole antenna comprises four ring-shaped patches; four non-metalized vias are arranged along the periphery of the first dielectric plate and used for fixing the first dielectric plate; the decoupling surface and the low-frequency antenna are combined to make the radiation wave of the high-frequency antenna penetrate through, so as to solve the problem of shielding of the low-frequency antenna to the high-frequency antenna, restore the gain of the high-frequency antenna, repair the distortion of the high-frequency antenna pattern, and realize circular polarization decoupling.

[0015] The upper surface of the second dielectric plate is printed with four high-frequency patch antenna hook-shaped feeding lines, and the lower surface of the second dielectric plate is printed with a high-frequency patch antenna; a groove structure is arranged below the high-frequency patch antenna hook-shaped feeding line of the high-frequency patch antenna and used for exciting the antenna to work; four small metalized vias are arranged on the periphery of the second dielectric plate and used for fixing the second dielectric plate; and a large non-metalized via is arranged in the middle of the second dielectric plate and used for allowing the low-frequency feeding coaxial line to pass through the second dielectric plate.

[0016] The upper surface of the third dielectric plate is printed with a metal floor; the third dielectric plate is provided with four non-metalized vias and used for fixing the first dielectric plate; the third dielectric plate is provided with four non-metalized vias and used for fixing the second dielectric plate; the third dielectric plate is further provided with two non-metalized vias for allowing the low-frequency feeding coaxial line to pass through; and the third dielectric plate is provided with four non-metalized vias and used for allowing the high-frequency feeding coaxial line to pass through the third dielectric plate.

[0017] The upper surface of the fifth dielectric plate is printed with a one-to-four circular polarization feed power divider floor, and the lower surface of the fifth dielectric plate is printed with a one-to-four circular polarization feed power divider, and the excitation mode of the four connection ends of the one-to-four circular polarization feed power divider is equal amplitude and 90° phase difference.

[0018] The inner conductor of the low-frequency feed coaxial line is connected to a low-frequency dipole antenna Y-shaped feed line, and the outer conductor of the low-frequency feed coaxial line is connected to the floor of the third dielectric plate; the inner conductor of the high-frequency feed coaxial line is connected to a high-frequency patch antenna hook-shaped feed line, and the outer conductor of the high-frequency feed coaxial line is connected to the floor of the third dielectric plate; the inner conductor of the high-frequency feed coaxial line is connected to a one-to-four circular polarization feed power divider, and the outer conductor of the high-frequency feed coaxial line is connected to a one-to-four circular polarization feed power divider floor.

[0019] The profile of the coaxial antenna is the height of the low-frequency dipole antenna, and the profile is relatively low.

[0020] The coaxial antenna can make the radiation wave of the high-frequency antenna penetrate through the combination of the decoupling surface and the low-frequency antenna, solve the shielding problem of the low-frequency antenna to the high-frequency antenna without affecting the normal operation of the low-frequency antenna and increasing the overall profile of the antenna, restore the gain of the high-frequency antenna, and repair the distortion of the high-frequency antenna pattern.

[0021] The decoupling surface used in the coaxial antenna can realize dual-polarization decoupling and circular polarization decoupling.

[0022] The coaxial antenna can be used as one of the solutions for multi-frequency antenna aperture multiplexing.

[0023] The isolation between the high-frequency port and the low-frequency port of the coaxial antenna is less than -25dB in the value between the high-frequency and low-frequency frequency bands, so as to realize good decoupling effect.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows:

[0025] (1) The dual-polarization and circular polarization dual-frequency coaxial antenna based on the decoupling surface has simple structure, and compared with other frequency selection surface loaded hetero-frequency antennas, the profile of the antenna designed by the present application is the height of the low-frequency dipole antenna, and the profile is relatively low.

[0026] (2) The decoupling surface used in the dual-polarization and circular polarization dual-frequency coaxial antenna solves the shielding problem of the low-frequency antenna to the high-frequency antenna, restores the gain of the high-frequency antenna, and repairs the distortion of the high-frequency antenna pattern.

[0027] (3) The decoupling surface used in the dual-polarization and circular-polarization dual-frequency coaxial antenna based on the decoupling surface can realize dual-polarization decoupling and circular-polarization decoupling;

[0028] (4) The dual-polarization and circular-polarization dual-frequency coaxial antenna based on the decoupling surface has a high-frequency port isolation degree, and the value of the high-frequency port isolation degree between the high-frequency and low-frequency working frequency bands is less than -24 dB, so that good decoupling effect is achieved, and the coaxial antenna can be used as one of solutions for multi-frequency antenna aperture multiplexing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the coaxial antenna of the present application;

[0030] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the metal structure printed on the upper and lower surfaces of the first dielectric plate;

[0031] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the decoupling unit;

[0032] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the metal structure printed on the upper and lower surfaces of the second dielectric plate; wherein a is the upper surface, and b is the lower surface;

[0033] Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of a one-to-two linear polarization differential feed power divider and a one-to-four circular polarization feed power divider; wherein a is a one-to-two linear polarization differential feed power divider, and b is a one-to-four circular polarization feed power divider;

[0034] Figure 6 is a simulation and test result diagram of the S parameter of the low-frequency antenna varying with frequency;

[0035] Figure 7 is a simulation and test result diagram of the S parameter of the high-frequency antenna varying with frequency;

[0036] Figure 8 is a simulation and test result diagram of the port isolation degree of the high-frequency and low-frequency antennas varying with frequency in the low-frequency frequency band;

[0037] Figure 9 is a simulation and test result diagram of the port isolation degree of the high-frequency and low-frequency antennas varying with frequency in the high-frequency frequency band;

[0038] Figure 10 is a simulation and test result diagram of the gain of the low-frequency antenna varying with frequency;

[0039] Figure 11 is a simulation and test result diagram of the gain of the high-frequency antenna varying with frequency;

[0040] Figure 12These are simulation and test results of the radiation patterns of a low-frequency antenna in the XOZ and YOZ planes at 2.2 GHz.

[0041] Figure 13 These are simulation and test results of the radiation patterns of the high-frequency antenna in the XOZ and YOZ planes at a frequency of 4.6 GHz.

[0042] Figure 14 This is a simulation result of the phase at the output port of a 1-to-4 circularly polarized power divider. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0044] Example 1: Coaxial antenna linear decoupling

[0045] like Figures 1-5 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention includes a first dielectric substrate 1, a decoupling surface 7, a low-frequency dipole antenna 6, a low-frequency dipole antenna Y-shaped feed line 8, a low-frequency feed coaxial line 13, a second dielectric substrate 2, a high-frequency patch antenna 11, a high-frequency patch antenna hook-shaped feed line 12, a first high-frequency feed coaxial line 16, a second high-frequency feed coaxial line 17, a third high-frequency feed coaxial line 18, a fourth high-frequency feed coaxial line 19, and a third dielectric substrate 3.

[0046] The upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 1 is printed with a decoupling surface 7 and two intersecting low-frequency dipole antenna Y-shaped feed lines 8. The intersection of the two low-frequency dipole antenna Y-shaped feed lines 8 uses a jumper structure 20. The lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 1 is printed with a low-frequency dipole antenna 6, which includes four annular patches. The first dielectric substrate 1 can be a regular quadrilateral. Four non-metallized vias 9 are provided on the four sides of the first dielectric substrate 1. The non-metallized vias 9 are used to fix the first dielectric substrate 1.

[0047] The decoupling surface 7 includes 20 decoupling units 22, each decoupling unit 22 including a cross-shaped metal patch 221 and four L-shaped patches 222, the four L-shaped patches 222 surrounding the periphery of the cross-shaped metal patch 221.

[0048] The upper surface of the second dielectric plate 2 is printed with 4 high-frequency patch antenna hook-shaped feed lines 12, and the lower surface of the second dielectric plate 2 is printed with high-frequency patch antennas 11, and the high-frequency patch antennas 11 are provided with a groove structure 21 below the high-frequency patch antenna hook-shaped feed lines 12, and the groove structure 21 is used to excite the antenna to work. The second dielectric plate 2 can adopt an octagonal shape, and 4 small metalized vias 10 are arranged on the four spaced apart edges of the periphery of the second dielectric plate 2, and the small metalized vias 10 are used for fixing the second dielectric plate 2. A large non-metalized via 23 is arranged in the middle of the second dielectric plate 2, and the large non-metalized via 23 is used to facilitate the low-frequency feed coaxial line 13 to pass through the second dielectric plate 2. The upper surface of the third dielectric plate 3 is printed with metal ground, the third dielectric plate 3 is provided with 4 non-metalized vias 15 for fixing with the first dielectric plate 1, the third dielectric plate 3 is provided with 4 non-metalized vias 14 for fixing with the second dielectric plate 2, the third dielectric plate 3 is provided with 2 non-metalized vias 24 for facilitating the low-frequency feed coaxial line 13 to pass through the third dielectric plate 3, and the third dielectric plate 3 is provided with 4 non-metalized vias 25 for facilitating the first high-frequency feed coaxial line 16, the second high-frequency feed coaxial line 17, the third high-frequency feed coaxial line 18 and the fourth high-frequency feed coaxial line 19 to pass through the third dielectric plate 3.

[0049] The upper surface of the fourth dielectric plate 4 is printed with a one-to-two line polarization differential feed power divider ground, and the lower surface of the fourth dielectric plate 4 is printed with a one-to-two line polarization differential feed power divider 26. The lengths of the two parts 28, 29 after the microstrip line separation of the one-to-two line polarization differential feed power divider 26 are different by one half of the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band.

[0050] The inner conductor of the low-frequency feed coaxial line 13 is connected to the low-frequency dipole antenna Y-shaped feed line 8, and the outer conductor of the low-frequency feed coaxial line 13 is connected to the ground plate of the third dielectric plate 3. The inner conductor of the first high-frequency feed coaxial line 16 is connected to the high-frequency patch antenna hook-shaped feed line 12, and the outer conductor of the first high-frequency feed coaxial line 16 is connected to the ground plate of the third dielectric plate 3. The inner conductors of the first high-frequency feed coaxial line 16 and the third high-frequency feed coaxial line 18 are respectively connected to the two ends 28, 29 of the one-to-two line polarization differential feed power divider, and the outer conductors of the first high-frequency feed coaxial line 16 and the third high-frequency feed coaxial line 18 are connected to the one-to-two line polarization differential feed power divider ground.

[0051] Embodiment 2: Coaxial antenna circular polarization decoupling

[0052] Similar to embodiment 1, the difference is that the fourth dielectric plate 4 is replaced by a fifth dielectric plate 5. As shown in FIG. 6, the upper surface of the fifth dielectric plate 5 is printed with a one-to-two line polarization differential feed power divider ground, and the lower surface of the fifth dielectric plate 5 is printed with a one-to-two line polarization differential feed power divider 26. The lengths of the two parts 28, 29 after the microstrip line separation of the one-to-two line polarization differential feed power divider 26 are different by one half of the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band. Figure 5As shown, the upper surface of the fifth dielectric plate 5 is printed with a 1-to-4 circular polarized power divider ground plane, and the lower surface of the fifth dielectric plate 5 is printed with a 1-to-4 circular polarized power divider 27. The 1-to-4 circular polarized power divider has four connection points at its end, namely the first connection point 30, the second connection point 31, the third connection point 32, and the fourth connection point 33. The excitation mode of the four connection points is a constant amplitude 90° phase difference.

[0053] The inner conductors of the first high-frequency feed coaxial line 16, the second high-frequency feed coaxial line 17, the third high-frequency feed coaxial line 18, and the fourth high-frequency feed coaxial line 19 are respectively connected to the first connection point 30, the second connection point 31, the third connection point 32, and the fourth connection point 33 at the end of the one-to-four circular polarized feed power divider. The outer conductor of the high-frequency feed coaxial line is connected to the ground of the one-to-four circular polarized feed power divider.

[0054] like Figure 6 The figure shows the simulation and test results of the S-parameters of the low-frequency antenna as a function of frequency. In the operating frequency band of 1.7 to 2.7 GHz, the return loss of the two polarization ports in the simulation and test is less than -10 dB, and the test result of the isolation between the two polarization ports in the band is less than -25 dB.

[0055] like Figure 7 The figure shows the simulation and test results of the S-parameters of the high-frequency antenna as a function of frequency. In the operating frequency band of 4.2 to 5.0 GHz, the return loss of the two polarization ports of the high-frequency antenna element is less than -10 dB in both simulation and test, and the isolation between the two polarization ports in the band is less than -35 dB.

[0056] like Figure 8 The figure shows the simulation and test results of the isolation between high- and low-frequency antenna ports as a function of frequency in the low-frequency band. In the low-frequency band, the isolation S between the high- and low-frequency antenna ports... 13 and S 23 The simulation results are all less than -27dB, and the measurement results are all less than -24dB.

[0057] like Figure 9 The figure shows the simulation and test results of the isolation between high- and low-frequency antenna ports as a function of frequency in the high-frequency band. In the high-frequency band, the isolation S between the high- and low-frequency antenna ports... 13 Both the simulation results and test results are less than -25dB, S 23 The simulation results are all less than -33dB, and the test results are all less than -26dB.

[0058] like Figure 10The simulation and test result graph of the gain of the low-frequency antenna varying with frequency is shown in the figure, when the antenna port 1 is excited, the test result of the average gain is 7.8dBi in the low-frequency band (1.7-2.7GHz), when the antenna port 2 is excited, the test result of the average gain is 7.4dBi, and the simulation results of the average gain of the two low-frequency ports are close to 8.2dBi;

[0059] As shown in the figure, Figure 11 The simulation and test result graph of the gain of the high-frequency antenna varying with frequency is shown in the figure, when the antenna port 3 is excited, the test result of the average gain is 7.7dBi in the high-frequency band (1.7-2.7GHz), when the antenna port 4 is excited, the test result of the average gain is 7dBi, and the simulation results of the average gain of the two high-frequency ports are close to 8.1dBi;

[0060] As shown in the figure, Figure 12 The simulation and test result graph of the low-frequency antenna in the XOZ plane and YOZ plane at the frequency of 2.2GHz is shown in the figure, the low-frequency antenna directivity diagram presents a directional radiation mode, and the cross polarization of simulation and measurement is less than -15dB;

[0061] As shown in the figure, Figure 13 The simulation and test result graph of the high-frequency antenna in the XOZ plane and YOZ plane at the frequency of 4.6GHz is shown in the figure, the high-frequency antenna directivity diagram presents a directional radiation mode, and the distorted directivity diagram is repaired, and the cross polarization of simulation and measurement is less than -12dB;

[0062] As shown in the figure, Figure 14 The simulation result graph of the phase of the output port of the one-to-four circular polarization feed power divider is shown in the figure, the phase difference of the four ports is 90°, 90°, 90° and 90° in turn, the circular polarization effect can be realized, the first connecting position 30, the second connecting position 31, the third connecting position 32 and the fourth connecting position 33 are connected to the first high-frequency feed coaxial line 16, the second high-frequency feed coaxial line 17, the third high-frequency feed coaxial line 18 and the fourth high-frequency feed coaxial line 19 respectively, the circular polarization decoupling function can be realized, and the distorted circular polarization directivity diagram is repaired.

[0063] Experiments show that, compared with other loading frequency selection surface hetero-frequency antennas, the profile of the coaxial antenna is the height of the low-frequency dipole antenna, and the profile is relatively low; the decoupling surface used by the coaxial antenna solves the problem of the low-frequency antenna shielding the high-frequency antenna, restores the gain of the high-frequency antenna, and repairs the distortion of the high-frequency antenna directivity diagram; the decoupling surface used by the coaxial antenna can realize dual polarization decoupling and circular polarization decoupling; the port isolation of the antenna hetero-frequency is less than -24dB between the high-frequency and low-frequency two working frequency bands, and good decoupling effect is realized, and the coaxial antenna can be used as one of the solutions of multi-frequency antenna aperture reuse.

[0064] The above embodiments are the preferred embodiments of the present application, but the embodiments of the present application are not limited to the above embodiments, and any modifications, combinations and simplifications, etc. made without departing from the principles and the essence of the present application are included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A dual-polarized and circularly-polarized dual-band co-axial antenna based on decoupling surfaces, characterized in that The first dielectric plate, the decoupling surface, the low-frequency dipole antenna, the low-frequency dipole antenna Y-shaped feed line, the low-frequency feed coaxial line, the second dielectric plate, the high-frequency patch antenna, the high-frequency patch antenna hook-shaped feed line, the high-frequency feed coaxial line, the third dielectric plate, the fourth dielectric plate, and the one-to-two linear polarization differential feed power divider are included. The upper surface of the first dielectric plate is printed with the decoupling surface and two low-frequency dipole antenna Y-shaped feed lines, the intersection of the two low-frequency dipole antenna Y-shaped feed lines uses a jumper structure, the lower surface of the first dielectric plate is printed with the low-frequency dipole antenna, the decoupling surface includes 20 decoupling units, the decoupling unit includes a cross-shaped metal patch and four L-shaped patches, the four L-shaped patches are surrounded outside the periphery of the cross-shaped metal patch, and the low-frequency dipole antenna includes four ring-shaped patches; four non-metalized vias are arranged along the periphery of the first dielectric plate for fixing the first dielectric plate; the decoupling surface is combined with the low-frequency antenna to make the radiation wave of the high-frequency antenna penetrate, thereby solving the problem of shielding of the low-frequency antenna on the high-frequency antenna, restoring the gain of the high-frequency antenna, repairing the distortion of the high-frequency antenna pattern, and realizing dual-polarized decoupling. The upper surface of the second dielectric plate is printed with four high-frequency patch antenna hook-shaped feed lines, the lower surface of the second dielectric plate is printed with the high-frequency patch antenna, the high-frequency patch antenna is provided with a groove structure below the high-frequency patch antenna hook-shaped feed line for exciting the antenna to work, four small metalized vias are installed on the periphery of the second dielectric plate for fixing the second dielectric plate, and a large non-metalized via is installed in the middle of the second dielectric plate to facilitate the low-frequency feed coaxial line to pass through the second dielectric plate. The upper surface of the third dielectric plate is printed with a metal ground, the third dielectric plate is provided with four non-metalized vias for fixing between the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate, the third dielectric plate is provided with four non-metalized vias for fixing between the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate, and the third dielectric plate is also provided with two non-metalized vias for the low-frequency feed coaxial line to pass through, and the third dielectric plate is provided with four non-metalized vias to facilitate the high-frequency feed coaxial line to pass through the third dielectric plate. The upper surface of the fourth dielectric plate is printed with a one-to-two linear polarization differential feed power divider floor, and the lower surface of the fourth dielectric plate is printed with a one-to-two linear polarization differential feed power divider; the length difference between the two parts after the microstrip line separation of the one-to-two linear polarization differential feed power divider is one-half of the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band. The inner conductor of the low-frequency feed coaxial line is connected to the low-frequency dipole antenna Y-shaped feed line, and the outer conductor of the low-frequency feed coaxial line is connected to the ground plate of the third dielectric plate; the inner conductor of the high-frequency feed coaxial line is connected to the high-frequency patch antenna hook-shaped feed line, and the outer conductor of the high-frequency feed coaxial line is connected to the ground plate of the third dielectric plate. The inner conductor of the high-frequency feed coaxial line is connected to the one-to-two linear polarization differential feed power divider, and the outer conductor of the high-frequency feed coaxial line is connected to the one-to-two linear polarization differential feed power divider floor.

2. The dual-polarized and circular-polarized dual-band co-axial antenna based on decoupling surfaces of claim 1, wherein The cross section is the height of the low-frequency dipole antenna, and the cross section is low.

3. The dual polarized and circular polarized dual-band co-axial antenna based on decoupling surfaces of claim 1, wherein The isolation between the high-frequency port and the low-frequency port is less than -25 dB in the high-frequency and low-frequency bands to achieve a good decoupling effect.

4. Application of the dual-polarized and circularly-polarized dual-frequency coaxial antenna based on a decoupling surface in antenna multi-frequency multiplexing according to claim 1.

5. A dual polarized and circular polarized dual-band co-axial antenna based on decoupling surfaces, characterized in that The first dielectric plate, the decoupling surface, the low-frequency dipole antenna, the low-frequency dipole antenna Y-shaped feed line, the low-frequency feed coaxial line, the second dielectric plate, the high-frequency patch antenna, the high-frequency patch antenna hook-shaped feed line, the high-frequency feed coaxial line, the third dielectric plate, the fifth dielectric plate, and the one-to-four circularly-polarized feed power divider are included. The upper surface of the first dielectric plate is printed with a decoupling surface and two low-frequency dipole antenna Y-shaped feed lines, the intersection of the two low-frequency dipole antenna Y-shaped feed lines uses a jumper structure, the lower surface of the first dielectric plate is printed with a low-frequency dipole antenna, the decoupling surface includes 20 decoupling units, each decoupling unit includes a cross-shaped metal patch and four L-shaped patches, the four L-shaped patches surround the periphery of the cross-shaped metal patch, and the low-frequency dipole antenna includes four ring-shaped patches; four non-metalized vias are arranged along the periphery of the first dielectric plate for fixing the first dielectric plate; the decoupling surface is combined with the low-frequency antenna to make the radiation wave of the high-frequency antenna pass through, thereby solving the problem of the low-frequency antenna shielding the high-frequency antenna, restoring the gain of the high-frequency antenna, repairing the distortion of the high-frequency antenna pattern, and realizing circularly-polarized decoupling. The upper surface of the second dielectric plate is printed with four high-frequency patch antenna hook-shaped feed lines, the lower surface of the second dielectric plate is printed with a high-frequency patch antenna, the high-frequency patch antenna is provided with a groove structure below the high-frequency patch antenna hook-shaped feed line for exciting the antenna to work, four small metalized vias are installed on the periphery of the second dielectric plate for fixing the second dielectric plate, and a large non-metalized via is installed in the middle of the second dielectric plate to facilitate the low-frequency feed coaxial line to pass through the second dielectric plate. The upper surface of the third dielectric plate is printed with a metal ground, the third dielectric plate is provided with four non-metalized vias for fixing with the first dielectric plate, the third dielectric plate is provided with four non-metalized vias for fixing with the second dielectric plate, the third dielectric plate is further provided with two non-metalized vias for the low-frequency feed coaxial line to pass through, and the third dielectric plate is provided with four non-metalized vias to facilitate the high-frequency feed coaxial line to pass through the third dielectric plate. The upper surface of the fifth dielectric plate is printed with a one-to-four circularly-polarized feed power divider ground plate, the lower surface of the fifth dielectric plate is printed with a one-to-four circularly-polarized feed power divider, and the excitation mode of the four connections at the end of the one-to-four circularly-polarized feed power divider is equal amplitude with a 90° phase difference. The inner conductor of the low-frequency feeding coaxial line is connected to a low-frequency dipole antenna Y-shaped feeding line, and the outer conductor of the low-frequency feeding coaxial line is connected to the ground plate of the third dielectric plate; the inner conductor of the high-frequency feeding coaxial line is connected to a high-frequency patch antenna hook-shaped feeding line, and the outer conductor of the high-frequency feeding coaxial line is connected to the ground plate of the third dielectric plate; the inner conductor of the high-frequency feeding coaxial line is connected to a one-to-four circularly polarized feeding power divider, and the outer conductor of the high-frequency feeding coaxial line is connected to a one-to-four circularly polarized feeding power divider ground plate.

6. The dual polarized and circular polarized dual band co-axial antenna based on decoupling surfaces as claimed in claim 5, wherein The cross section is the height of the low-frequency dipole antenna, and the cross section is low.

7. The dual polarized and circular polarized dual band co-axial antenna based on decoupling surfaces as claimed in claim 5, wherein The isolation between the high-frequency port and the low-frequency port is less than or equal to -25 dB in the high-frequency and low-frequency frequency bands, so as to achieve a good decoupling effect.

8. The dual-polarized and circularly polarized dual-frequency co-axial antenna based on a decoupling surface according to claim 5 is applied in antenna multi-frequency multiplexing.

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