A laser positioning and welding device for counterweight back cover plate

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of welding technology and discloses a laser positioning welding device for a counterweight rear cover plate. The device includes a fixed frame, with a protective component fixedly installed on the inner side of the fixed frame. A laser welding head is fixedly installed in the center of the protective component. This invention achieves weld cleaning by incorporating a first electromagnet, a cleaning brush, and a first magnet. An exhaust fan draws air from inside the protective cover, while a second airbag seals the bottom of the protective cover. Simultaneously, the first magnet remains in contact with the surface of the excavator counterweight rear cover plate and rolls along its surface via a first ball bearing. Under the suction of the exhaust fan, iron impurities in the weld of the excavator counterweight rear cover plate are adsorbed. These impurities adhere to the inner wall of the first electromagnet, ensuring a clean weld and improving the quality of the welding flux, thus achieving the desired weld cleaning effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of welding technology, specifically a laser positioning welding device for a counterweight back cover plate. Background Technology

[0002] Counterweights are a component of hydraulic excavators, used to maintain balance and reduce swaying during operation. Medium-sized excavators typically use sheet metal reinforced with cement; this allows for accurate counterweighting given a fixed external dimension. Small and extra-large excavators use solid cast iron or other metal materials. Currently, most laser welding robotic arms utilize laser positioning. The basic principle of laser weld seam tracking is based on laser triangulation. A laser emits a linear laser beam onto the workpiece surface, and after diffuse reflection, the laser profile is imaged on a CCD or CMOS sensor. The controller processes and analyzes the acquired image to determine the weld seam position, which is used to correct the welding trajectory or guide the welding process. A laser welding machine includes a laser welding host, a cooling system, a worktable, and a laser welding head.

[0003] Currently, the rear cover plate of medium-sized excavators is usually filled with concrete to achieve the purpose of counterweighting. In order to meet the counterweight requirements of different excavators, the rear cover plate usually needs to be welded to accommodate different internal volumes and control the weight of the excavator's rear cover plate. Existing excavator rear cover plate welding usually uses laser welding. Before laser welding, considering factors such as inadequate protection of parts, poor storage environment, and excessive storage time, the surface of the parts may have oil stains, rust, and other unclean substances. It is usually necessary to manually clean the surface of the parts before welding to ensure the welding quality. However, due to the low efficiency and poor cleaning effect of manual cleaning, impurities are left in the weld, which ultimately affects the welding effect of the excavator's rear cover plate. Therefore, a laser positioning welding device for the rear cover plate is proposed, which can clean the weld during the laser welding process, reduce the difficulty of manual cleaning, and improve the welding quality. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0005] To address the problems mentioned in the background art, the present invention provides a laser positioning welding device for counterweight back cover plates, which solves the problem of rust or impurities forming on the surface of parts during long-term storage, affecting the quality of the flux, and has the advantage of clean weld seams.

[0006] (II) Technical Solution

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a laser positioning welding device for a counterweight rear cover plate, comprising a fixing frame, a protective component fixedly installed on the inner side of the fixing frame, a laser welding head fixedly installed in the middle of the inner part of the protective component, a mating end fixedly installed on the top of the laser welding head, a mating interface fixedly installed on the top of the mating end, a mating plate fixedly installed on the back of the top of the fixing frame, a ventilation component fixedly installed at one end of the top of the fixing frame, a cleaning component fixedly installed on one side of the protective component, a slag discharge component fixedly installed inside the cleaning component, and a heat insulation component fixedly installed on the other side of the protective component.

[0008] Preferably, the protective assembly includes a protective cover, which is fixedly installed on the inner side of the fixing frame. Three baffles are fixedly installed at equal intervals inside the protective cover. Fixing blocks are fixedly installed at equal angles on the outer side of the baffles. Air cushions are fixedly installed on the inner walls of the baffles. A second airbag is fixedly installed at the bottom of the protective cover. A guide plate is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the protective cover and outside the lower baffle. An air inlet ring is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the protective cover at the bottom of the guide plate. An air inlet hole is opened at equal angles on the inner wall of the air inlet ring. A second electromagnet is fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner wall of the protective cover.

[0009] Preferably, the exhaust assembly includes a connecting frame, which is fixedly installed on the top of the fixed frame. An exhaust fan is fixedly installed on the top of the connecting frame. A connecting pipe is fixedly installed on one side of the exhaust fan. A central chamber is fixedly installed on the outside of the laser welding head. A connecting pipe is fixedly installed at an equal angle around the bottom of the central chamber. A dispersion chamber is fixedly installed on the outside of the connecting pipe. An air inlet is opened at an equal angle around the top of the protective cover.

[0010] Preferably, the cleaning assembly includes a cleaning frame, which is fixedly installed on one side of the protective cover. A first rubber pad is fixedly installed on the bottom of the cleaning frame. A first electromagnet is fixedly installed inside the bottom of the cleaning frame. A first airbag is fixedly installed on the bottom of the first electromagnet. A cleaning brush is fixedly installed at one end of the bottom of the cleaning frame. A first magnet is fixedly installed at equal distances at the front and rear ends of the bottom of the first rubber pad. A first ball bearing is movably installed inside the bottom of the first magnet.

[0011] Preferably, the slag discharge assembly includes a cover plate, which is hinged to one side of the interior of the cleaning frame. A slag discharge hole is provided on one side of the protective cover, and springs are fixedly installed at the front and rear ends of one side of the cover plate.

[0012] Preferably, the cleaning brush is horizontal with the first airbag, the cleaning brush is located on one side of the first airbag, the inner wall of the first airbag is semi-circular, and the cleaning brush is made of PP material.

[0013] Preferably, one side of the air inlet ring is connected to the interior of the cleaning frame, the cleaning brush is located at the connection between the air inlet ring and the cleaning frame, and the inner diameter of the air inlet gradually increases from left to right.

[0014] Preferably, the spring is the same size as the slag discharge hole, one side of the spring is fixedly connected to one side of the cover plate, and the other side of the spring is fixedly connected to the top of the inside of the cleaning rack.

[0015] Preferably, the thickness of the guide plate gradually decreases from right to left, one side of the guide plate contacts one side of the slag discharge hole in the slag discharge assembly, the baffle is arc-shaped, the air cushion is made of high-temperature resistant material, the gap between the two upper baffles is greater than the gap between the two lower baffles, and the guide plate is located at the bottom of the baffle.

[0016] Preferably, the top of the connecting pipe is connected to the interior of the centralized compartment, the outer side of the connecting pipe is connected to the interior of the air inlet, and the bottom of the connecting pipe is connected to the top of the interior of the protective cover.

[0017] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0019] This invention achieves weld seam cleaning by incorporating a first electromagnet, a cleaning brush, and a first magnet. An exhaust fan draws air from inside the protective cover, while a second airbag seals the bottom of the cover. When the first electromagnet is energized, gas enters the cleaning frame through its bottom. Simultaneously, the moving laser welding head drives the cleaning brush to clean impurities in the weld seam. The first magnet remains in constant contact with the surface of the excavator's counterweight rear cover plate, and a first ball bearing rolls along its surface. Under the suction of the exhaust fan, iron impurities in the weld seam of the excavator's counterweight rear cover plate are adsorbed onto the inner wall of the first electromagnet, ensuring weld seam cleanliness and improving the quality of the flux in the excavator's counterweight rear cover plate, thus achieving the desired weld seam cleaning effect.

[0020] This invention achieves the purpose of preventing welding slag spatter by setting up baffles, air cushions, and guide plates. The laser welding head is controlled by a program to weld the rear cover plate of the excavator counterweight. During the welding process, welding slag will be generated. The spatter will splash in all directions and come into contact with the inner wall of the air cushion. The air cushion will buffer the spatter. Under the action of gravity, the welding slag will fall to the top of the baffle and then to the top of the guide plate, effectively preventing the welding slag spatter from affecting the quality of the rear cover plate of the excavator counterweight. At the same time, the gas will move upward through the inner wall of the protective cover. During the movement, the gas will carry the spattered welding slag and improve the collection of welding slag from the inside, thereby achieving the effect of preventing welding slag spatter.

[0021] This invention achieves welding insulation by incorporating an insulation shell, a second magnet, and a second rubber pad. During the welding process of the excavator counterweight rear cover plate using a laser welding head, the insulation shell is positioned to one side of the laser welding head. After welding, the weld joint enters the interior of the insulation shell, which seals the joint. This prevents the weld joint of the excavator counterweight rear cover plate from cooling too quickly, which would affect the welding quality and make the weld joint more stable, thus achieving the desired welding insulation effect. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall appearance of the structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 The structure of this invention Figure 2 Enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0025] Figure 4 The structure of this invention Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the external appearance of the structural protective component of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a bottom view of the cleaning component of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the cleaning component of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the external appearance of the baffle structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 9 This is a top view of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0031] In the diagram: 1. Fixing frame; 2. Connecting interface; 5. Exhaust assembly; 501. Exhaust fan; 502. Centralized chamber; 503. Connecting pipe; 504. Connecting frame; 505. Connecting pipe; 506. Air inlet; 507. Dispersed chamber; 6. Connecting end; 7. Cleaning assembly; 701. Cleaning frame; 702. First rubber pad; 703. First magnet; 704. First electromagnet; 705. Cleaning brush; 706. First airbag; 707. First ball bearing; 8. Protective assembly; 801. 802. Protective cover; 803. Second airbag; 804. Baffle; 805. Guide plate; 806. Air cushion; 807. Second electromagnet; 808. Air inlet ring; 809. Fixing block; 900. Insulation component; 901. Insulation shell; 902. Connecting pad; 903. Second magnet; 904. Second rubber pad; 905. Second ball bearing; 10. Butt plate; 12. Laser welding head; 13. Slag discharge component; 131. Cover plate; 132. Spring; 133. Slag discharge hole. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, the present invention provides a laser positioning welding device for a counterweight back cover plate, including a fixing frame 1, a protective component 8 fixedly installed on the inner side of the fixing frame 1, a laser welding head 12 fixedly installed in the middle of the inner part of the protective component 8, a docking end 6 fixedly installed on the top of the laser welding head 12, a docking interface 2 fixedly installed on the top of the docking end 6, a docking plate 10 fixedly installed on the back of the top of the fixing frame 1, a ventilation component 5 fixedly installed at one end of the top of the fixing frame 1, a cleaning component 7 fixedly installed on one side of the protective component 8, a slag discharge component 13 fixedly installed inside the cleaning component 7, and a heat preservation component 9 fixedly installed on the other side of the protective component 8.

[0034] The above scheme is adopted as follows: the docking plate 10 is docked with the robotic arm, and the laser welding head 12 is docked with the laser welding device. Then, the excavator counterweight rear cover plate is spliced ​​and fixed. The laser is used to position the weld of the excavator counterweight rear cover plate. The program controls the laser welding device to weld the excavator counterweight rear cover plate. When the laser welding head 12 contacts the weld of the excavator counterweight rear cover plate, the bottom of the protective component 8 is in contact with the surface of the excavator counterweight rear cover plate. The bottom of the cleaning component 7 is located inside the weld of the excavator counterweight rear cover plate. At the same time, the exhaust component 5 is activated to extract air from the inside of the protective component 8. During the welding process, the cleaning component 7 moves with the laser welding head 12 and cleans the impurities in the weld, thereby ensuring the cleanliness of the weld of the excavator counterweight rear cover plate and improving the welding quality of the excavator counterweight rear cover plate. After the weld is completed, the heat preservation component 9 is used to keep the weld warm, thereby reducing the cooling rate of the weld and ensuring the stability of the weld.

[0035] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 8 As shown, the exhaust assembly 5 includes a connecting frame 504, which is fixedly installed on the top of the fixed frame 1. An exhaust fan 501 is fixedly installed on the top of the connecting frame 504. A connecting pipe 503 is fixedly installed on one side of the exhaust fan 501. A central chamber 502 is fixedly installed on the outside of the laser welding head 12. A connecting pipe 505 is fixedly installed at an equal angle on the bottom of the central chamber 502. A dispersion chamber 507 is fixedly installed on the outside of the connecting pipe 505. An air inlet 506 is opened at an equal angle on the top of the protective cover 801. The top of the connecting pipe 505 is connected to the inside of the central chamber 502. The outside of the connecting pipe 505 is connected to the inside of the air inlet 506. The bottom of the connecting pipe 505 is connected to the top inside the protective cover 801.

[0036] The protective assembly 8 includes a protective cover 801, which is fixedly installed inside the mounting bracket 1. Three baffles 803 are fixedly installed at equal intervals inside the protective cover 801. Fixing blocks 809 are fixedly installed at equal angles around the outer sides of the baffles 803. Air cushions 805 are fixedly installed on the inner walls of the baffles 803. A second airbag 802 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the protective cover 801. A guide plate 804 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the protective cover 801 and outside the lower baffle 803, with the inner wall of the protective cover 801 located at the bottom of the guide plate 804. An air inlet ring 807 is fixedly installed, and an air inlet hole 808 is opened at equal angles on the inner wall of the air inlet ring 807. A second electromagnet 806 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner wall of the protective cover 801. The thickness of the guide plate 804 gradually decreases from right to left. One side of the guide plate 804 is in contact with one side of the slag discharge hole 133 in the slag discharge assembly 13. The baffle 803 is arc-shaped. The air cushion 805 is made of high temperature resistant material. The gap between the two upper baffles 803 is larger than the gap between the two lower baffles 803. The guide plate 804 is located at the bottom of the baffle 803.

[0037] The slag discharge assembly 13 includes a cover plate 131, which is hinged to one side of the interior of the cleaning rack 701. A slag discharge hole 133 is provided on one side of the protective cover 801. Springs 132 are fixedly installed at the front and rear ends of one side of the cover plate 131, respectively. The springs 132 are the same size as the slag discharge hole 133. One side of the springs 132 is fixedly connected to one side of the cover plate 131, and the other side of the springs 132 is fixedly connected to the top of the interior of the cleaning rack 701.

[0038] The above scheme is adopted: the laser welding head 12 is controlled by the program to weld the rear cover plate of the excavator counterweight. During the welding process, spatter will be generated. The spatter will splash in all directions and come into contact with the inner wall of the air cushion 805. The air cushion 805 will buffer the spatter. Under the action of gravity, the spatter falls into the top of the baffle 803 and then into the top of the guide plate 804. Since most of the spatter is spherical or elliptical, and the thickness of the guide plate 804 gradually decreases from right to left, the spatter will roll along the arc of the top of the guide plate 804 and accumulate inside the slag discharge hole 133. At the same time, under the suction of the exhaust fan 501, the spring 132 will be stretched and the cover plate 131 will be used to discharge the slag. When the slag hole 133 is sealed, and a large amount of welding slag accumulates inside the slag discharge hole 133, the weight of the welding slag itself pushes the cover plate 131 and squeezes the spring 132, thereby allowing the welding slag to enter the interior of the cleaning rack 701. Under the magnetic force of the first electromagnet 704, it adheres to the inner wall of the first electromagnet 704. After the laser welding is completed, the exhaust fan 501 is turned off, the spring 132 is reset, and the slag discharge hole 133 is in the open state. The welding slag inside the slag discharge hole 133 enters the cleaning rack 701 under the action of gravity and adheres to the outside of the first electromagnet 704. Then the power supply of the first electromagnet 704 is turned off, and the welding slag on the inner wall of the first electromagnet 704 falls off automatically, thereby reducing the difficulty of manual cleaning.

[0039] By activating the exhaust fan 501, air is drawn from inside the protective cover 801, creating a negative pressure inside the cover 801. Under this negative pressure, the cover plate 131 contacts one side of the slag discharge hole 133, sealing the slag discharge hole 133. At this time, the negative pressure inside the protective cover 801 draws air from inside the air inlet hole 808 and the air inlet ring 807. Since the air inlet ring 807 is connected to the inside of the cleaning rack 701, the gas enters the inside of the air inlet ring 807 through the bottom of the cleaning rack 701 and then... The air inlet 808 discharges into the interior of the protective cover 801. Since the inner diameter of the air inlet 808 gradually increases from left to right, the incoming air is more uniform. The air entering the protective cover 801 will move upward along the inner wall of the baffle 803. During the movement, it will cause the welding slag generated during the welding process of the laser welding head 12 to splash, thereby improving the collection effect of welding slag. The welding slag that cannot be collected is adsorbed by the second electromagnet 806, effectively preventing the welding slag from affecting the quality of the excavator counterweight rear cover plate.

[0040] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8As shown, the cleaning assembly 7 includes a cleaning frame 701, which is fixedly installed on one side of the protective cover 801. A first rubber pad 702 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the cleaning frame 701. A first electromagnet 704 is fixedly installed inside the bottom of the cleaning frame 701. A first airbag 706 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the first electromagnet 704. A cleaning brush 705 is fixedly installed at one end of the bottom of the cleaning frame 701. First magnets 703 are fixedly installed at equal distances at both ends of the bottom of the first rubber pad 702. The first ball bearing 707 is movably installed inside the bottom of the first magnet 703. The cleaning brush 705 is kept horizontal with the first airbag 706. The cleaning brush 705 is located on one side of the first airbag 706. The inner wall of the first airbag 706 is semi-circular. The cleaning brush 705 is made of PP material. One side of the air inlet ring 807 is connected to the inside of the cleaning frame 701. The cleaning brush 705 is located at the connection between the air inlet ring 807 and the cleaning frame 701. The inner diameter of the air inlet hole 808 gradually increases from left to right.

[0041] The above scheme is adopted as follows: by starting the exhaust fan 501, air is drawn from the inside of the protective cover 801, and the bottom of the protective cover 801 is sealed by the second airbag 802. The first electromagnet 704 is energized, and the gas will enter the interior of the cleaning frame 701 through the bottom of the first electromagnet 704. At the same time, as the laser welding head 12 moves, it drives the cleaning brush 705 to move and clean the impurities in the weld. Meanwhile, the first magnet 703 is always in contact with the surface of the excavator counterweight rear cover plate, and moves along the surface of the excavator counterweight rear cover plate by the first ball 707. Under the suction of the exhaust fan 501, the iron impurities in the weld of the excavator counterweight rear cover plate will be adsorbed. The iron impurities will be adsorbed on the inner wall of the first electromagnet 704, and the air will enter the interior of the air inlet ring 807 under the guidance of the cleaning brush 705 and be discharged through the air inlet holes 808. Since the inner diameter of the air inlet hole 808 gradually increases from left to right, the air enters the interior of the protective cover 801 evenly.

[0042] Working principle and usage process of this invention:

[0043] The excavator counterweight rear cover plate is then connected to the robotic arm via the docking plate 10 and the interface 2 is connected to the laser welding device. The excavator counterweight rear cover plate is then spliced ​​and fixed. The laser welding device is controlled by the start program and the weld seam is positioned by the laser. The excavator counterweight rear cover plate can then be welded by the laser welding head 12. When the bottom of the laser welding head 12 contacts the excavator counterweight rear cover plate, the second airbag 802 will be compressed and contact the excavator counterweight rear cover plate. The bottom of the first magnet 703 will be attracted to the surface of the excavator counterweight rear cover plate, the bottom of the first ball bearing 707 will contact the surface of the excavator counterweight rear cover plate, the cleaning brush 705 will be located in the weld seam of the excavator counterweight rear cover plate, and the bottom of the first electromagnet 704 will be perpendicular to the weld seam of the excavator counterweight rear cover plate. The insulation shell 901 will be located outside the weld seam of the excavator counterweight rear cover plate.

[0044] At this time, the laser welding head 12 is activated to perform moving welding on the excavator counterweight rear cover plate. Simultaneously, the exhaust fan 501 is activated to draw air from inside the protective cover 801. The bottom of the protective cover 801 is sealed by the second airbag 802. The first electromagnet 704 is energized, and gas enters the cleaning frame 701 through the bottom of the first electromagnet 704. Simultaneously, as the laser welding head 12 moves, it drives the cleaning brush 705 to move and clean impurities in the weld. Meanwhile, the first magnet 703 remains constantly in contact with the excavator counterweight rear cover plate. The surfaces of the cover plates are in contact and roll along the surface of the excavator counterweight rear cover plate via the first ball bearing 707. Under the suction of the exhaust fan 501, iron impurities in the weld of the excavator counterweight rear cover plate are adsorbed. The iron impurities are adsorbed onto the inner wall of the first electromagnet 704, and the air is guided by the cleaning brush 705 into the interior of the air inlet ring 807 and discharged through the air inlet holes 808. Since the inner diameter of the air inlet holes 808 gradually increases from left to right, the air enters the interior of the protective cover 801 evenly.

[0045] The laser welding head 12 is controlled by a program to weld the rear cover plate of the excavator's counterweight. During the welding process, spatter will be generated. The spatter will fly in all directions and come into contact with the inner wall of the air cushion 805. The air cushion 805 will buffer the spatter. Under the action of gravity, the spatter will fall onto the top of the baffle 803 and then onto the top of the guide plate 804. Since most of the spatter is spherical or elliptical, and the thickness of the guide plate 804 gradually decreases from right to left, the spatter will follow the guide plate 804... The top arc of 04 rolls and gathers inside the slag discharge hole 133. At the same time, under the suction of the exhaust fan 501, the spring 132 will be stretched and the cover plate 131 will seal the slag discharge hole 133. When a large amount of welding slag accumulates inside the slag discharge hole 133, the weight of the welding slag itself will push the cover plate 131 and squeeze the spring 132, so that the welding slag enters the interior of the cleaning rack 701 and adheres to the inner wall of the first electromagnet 704 under the magnetic force of the first electromagnet 704.

[0046] At the same time, the gas will move upward through the inner wall of the protective cover 801. During the movement, the gas will carry the splashed welding slag, improve the collection of welding slag from the inside, and enter the interior of the dispersion chamber 507 through the air inlet 506. Then, it will enter the interior of the concentration chamber 502 through the connecting pipe 505, and then be discharged by the exhaust fan 501.

[0047] During the welding and movement of the excavator counterweight rear cover plate by the laser welding head 12, the insulation shell 901 will be located on one side of the laser welding head 12. After the laser welding head 12 welds, the welding interface will enter the interior of the insulation shell 901. The insulation shell 901 seals the welding interface, thereby preventing the welding interface of the excavator counterweight rear cover plate from cooling too quickly and affecting the welding quality of the excavator counterweight rear cover plate.

[0048] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0049] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A counterweight back cover plate laser positioning welding device comprising a fixing frame (1), characterized in that: A protective component (8) is fixedly installed on the inner side of the fixed frame (1). A laser welding head (12) is fixedly installed in the middle of the inner side of the protective component (8). A docking end (6) is fixedly installed on the top of the laser welding head (12). A docking interface (2) is fixedly installed on the top of the docking end (6). A docking plate (10) is fixedly installed on the back of the top of the fixed frame (1). A ventilation component (5) is fixedly installed at one end of the top of the fixed frame (1). A cleaning component (7) is fixedly installed on one side of the protective component (8). A slag discharge component (13) is fixedly installed inside the cleaning component (7). A heat insulation component (9) is fixedly installed on the other side of the protective component (8). The protective assembly (8) includes a protective cover (801), which is fixedly installed on the inner side of the fixing frame (1). Three baffles (803) are fixedly installed at equal intervals inside the protective cover (801). A fixing block (809) is fixedly installed at equal angles on the outer side of the baffles (803). Air cushions (805) are fixedly installed on the inner walls of the baffles (803). A second airbag (802) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the protective cover (801). A guide plate (804) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the protective cover (801) and on the outer side of the baffles (803) at the lower end. An air inlet ring (807) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the protective cover (801) at the bottom of the guide plate (804). An air inlet hole (808) is opened at equal angles on the inner wall of the air inlet ring (807). A second electromagnet (806) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner wall of the protective cover (801). The exhaust assembly (5) includes a connecting frame (504), which is fixedly installed on the top of the fixed frame (1). An exhaust fan (501) is fixedly installed on the top of the connecting frame (504). A connecting pipe (503) is fixedly installed on one side of the exhaust fan (501). A central chamber (502) is fixedly installed on the outside of the laser welding head (12). A connecting pipe (505) is fixedly installed at an equal angle on the bottom of the central chamber (502). A dispersion chamber (507) is fixedly installed on the outside of the connecting pipe (505). An air inlet (506) is opened at an equal angle on the top of the protective cover (801).

2. The laser positioning and welding device for the counterweight rear cover plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cleaning component (7) includes a cleaning frame (701), which is fixedly installed on one side of the protective cover (801). A first rubber pad (702) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the cleaning frame (701). A first electromagnet (704) is fixedly installed at the bottom inside the cleaning frame (701). A first airbag (706) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the first electromagnet (704). A cleaning brush (705) is fixedly installed at one end of the bottom of the cleaning frame (701). A first magnet (703) is fixedly installed at equal distances at the front and rear ends of the bottom of the first rubber pad (702). A first ball bearing (707) is movably installed inside the bottom of the first magnet (703).

3. The laser positioning and welding device for the counterweight rear cover plate according to claim 2, characterized in that: The slag discharge assembly (13) includes a cover plate (131), which is hinged to one side of the interior of the cleaning rack (701). A slag discharge hole (133) is provided on one side of the protective cover (801), and springs (132) are fixedly installed at the front and rear ends of one side of the cover plate (131).

4. The laser positioning and welding device for the counterweight rear cover plate according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cleaning brush (705) is horizontal with the first airbag (706), the cleaning brush (705) is located on one side of the first airbag (706), the inner wall of the first airbag (706) is semi-circular, and the cleaning brush (705) is made of PP material.

5. The laser positioning and welding device for the counterweight rear cover plate according to claim 2, characterized in that: One side of the air inlet ring (807) is connected to the interior of the cleaning rack (701). The cleaning brush (705) is located at the connection between the air inlet ring (807) and the cleaning rack (701). The inner diameter of the air inlet hole (808) gradually increases from left to right.

6. The laser positioning and welding device for the counterweight rear cover plate according to claim 3, characterized in that: The spring (132) is the same size as the slag discharge hole (133). One side of the spring (132) is fixedly connected to one side of the cover plate (131), and the other side of the spring (132) is fixedly connected to the top inside the cleaning rack (701).

7. The laser positioning and welding device for the counterweight rear cover plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the guide plate (804) gradually decreases from right to left. One side of the guide plate (804) is in contact with one side of the slag discharge hole (133) in the slag discharge assembly (13). The baffle (803) is arc-shaped. The air cushion (805) is made of high-temperature resistant material. The gap between the two upper baffles (803) is greater than the gap between the two lower baffles (803). The guide plate (804) is located at the bottom of the baffle (803).

8. The laser positioning and welding device for the counterweight rear cover plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the connecting pipe (505) is connected to the interior of the central silo (502), the outside of the connecting pipe (505) is connected to the interior of the air inlet (506), and the bottom of the connecting pipe (505) is connected to the top of the interior of the protective cover (801).

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