A combustion chamber suitable for ammonia fuel

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of gas turbine technology, and specifically to a combustion chamber suitable for ammonia fuel, comprising: a liquid ammonia supply chamber spaced apart and sleeved on an on-duty assembly; a plurality of premixing nozzles connected to the liquid ammonia supply chamber, the premixing nozzles extending outward from a position close to the liquid ammonia supply chamber to form an air intake section, a heat transfer section, and a mixing section connected in sequence; and the plurality of premixing nozzles are arranged around the on-duty assembly; the heat transfer section is arranged close to the on-duty flame zone; in the heat transfer section, the liquid ammonia flowing in the premixing nozzle is heated by the on-duty flame and converted into ammonia gas; the present application utilizes the heat of the on-duty flame to heat the liquid ammonia, gasifying the liquid ammonia into ammonia gas, without the presence of a cracking reaction, and having higher safety; reducing fuel consumption, and compared to natural gas, significantly reducing carbon emissions, and having good environmental protection effects. In addition, there is no need for external devices such as evaporators, which saves costs and meets the phase change requirements of liquid ammonia; that is, a combustion chamber structure that is completely suitable for the combustion of ammonia fuel is obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of gas turbines, and in particular to a combustion chamber suitable for ammonia fuel. Background Art

[0002] To reduce carbon emissions from gas turbines, major suppliers are committed to developing "carbon-free" engines. These engines no longer use natural gas as fuel, but instead seek alternative energy sources to traditional hydrocarbon fuels. Ammonia, a green, zero-carbon fuel, is increasingly being used in gas turbines due to its abundant production, ease of storage, and enormous potential. However, the combustion chamber structure of existing gas turbines is not suitable for ammonia combustion. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defect that the combustion chamber structure is difficult to be suitable for the combustion of ammonia fuel.

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks, the present invention provides a combustion chamber suitable for ammonia fuel, comprising:

[0005] On-duty component, the outer portion of the end is an on-duty flame zone, suitable for forming an on-duty flame;

[0006] A liquid ammonia supply chamber is spaced and sleeved on the front end of the on-duty component;

[0007] A plurality of premixing nozzles are connected to the liquid ammonia supply chamber. The premixing nozzles extend outward from a position close to the liquid ammonia supply chamber to form an air intake section, a heat transfer section, and a mixing section that are connected in sequence. The plurality of premixing nozzles are arranged around the service assembly. The air intake section is suitable for admitting air. The heat transfer section is arranged close to the service flame zone. In the heat transfer section, the liquid ammonia flowing in the premixing nozzles is suitable for being converted into ammonia gas under the heating of the service flame. In the mixing section, air and ammonia are mixed.

[0008] The flame tube is sleeved at intervals on the outside of the premixing nozzle. The air and ammonia mixed in the mixing section of the premixing nozzle are suitable for spraying into the combustion zone of the flame tube and burning after being ignited by the duty flame.

[0009] Optionally, the heat transfer section of the premixing nozzle is arranged to expand outward starting from the connection with the air inlet section.

[0010] Optionally, a plurality of fins are provided on the heat transfer section of the premixing nozzle at positions corresponding to the duty flame zone, and the fins are arranged along the axis direction of the premixing nozzle.

[0011] Optionally, the temperature of the air is higher than the temperature of the liquid ammonia.

[0012] Optionally, it also includes:

[0013] A plurality of liquid ammonia nozzles are connected to the liquid ammonia supply chamber, and the plurality of liquid ammonia nozzles are arranged around the service component; the plurality of liquid ammonia nozzles and the plurality of premixing nozzles are staggered, and the distance between the premixing nozzle and the central axis of the service component is smaller than the distance between the liquid ammonia nozzle and the central axis of the service component; the end of the liquid ammonia nozzle is closed, and a plurality of liquid ammonia jet holes are provided at the position of the liquid ammonia nozzle close to the service flame zone, and a pressure nozzle is provided on the liquid ammonia jet hole, and the pressure nozzle is suitable for atomizing the liquid ammonia into droplets and then spraying them towards the service flame zone.

[0014] Optionally, a premix air flow path is provided at the center of the premix nozzle; the premix air flow path is suitable for introducing air;

[0015] A second swirler is provided on the outer periphery of the premixed air flow path in the premixed nozzle. The second swirler is arranged along the axial direction of the entire premixed nozzle. Multiple blades of the second swirler at positions corresponding to the air inlet section and the heat transfer section are arranged parallel to the axis of the premixed air flow path, so that liquid ammonia flows in the cavity formed by the blades of the second swirler and the premixed air flow path in the premixed nozzle.

[0016] Optionally, multiple blades of the second cyclone at the corresponding mixing section position are deflected, the deflected blades are hollow inside, and premixed air injection holes are provided on the deflected blades; the deflected blades are connected to the premixed air flow path; the premixed air injection holes are suitable for spraying out the air flowing into the blades to mix with ammonia.

[0017] Optionally, the duty component includes:

[0018] a watch fuel cavity suitable for supplying fuel;

[0019] A service nozzle is connected to the service fuel cavity and is located at the center of the plurality of premixing nozzles; the end of the service nozzle is closed, and a plurality of service fuel holes are provided near the end of the service nozzle;

[0020] A fairing is spaced apart and sleeved on the service nozzle. The interior of the head end of the fairing is suitable for introducing air, and a service air flow path is formed in the area between the fairing and the service nozzle. A first swirler is provided at the end of the service air flow path. The service nozzle is connected to the channel between the service fuel hole and the blades of the first swirler. The first swirler is connected to the service flame zone.

[0021] Optionally, a plurality of premixing nozzles are spaced around the periphery of the fairing; a plurality of air transmission holes are provided on the periphery of the air inlet section of the premixing nozzle, and the air outside the head end of the fairing is suitable for being introduced into the premixed air flow path in the premixing nozzle through the air transmission holes.

[0022] Optionally, the liquid ammonia supply chamber is supplied with liquid ammonia in a bilateral tangential manner.

[0023] The above technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages over the prior art:

[0024] 1. The combustion chamber suitable for ammonia fuel provided by the present invention comprises: an on-duty component, the outer end of which is an on-duty flame zone, suitable for forming an on-duty flame; a liquid ammonia supply chamber, which is sleeved at intervals on the part of the on-duty component near the front end; a plurality of premixing nozzles connected to the liquid ammonia supply chamber, and the premixing nozzles extend outward from the part near the liquid ammonia supply chamber to form an air intake section, a heat transfer section and a mixing section connected in sequence; and the plurality of premixing nozzles are arranged around the on-duty component; the air intake section is suitable for introducing air; the heat transfer section is arranged near the on-duty flame zone; in the heat transfer section, the liquid ammonia flowing in the premixing nozzle is suitable for being heated by the on-duty flame to be converted into ammonia gas; in the mixing section, air and ammonia are mixed; a flame tube, which is sleeved at intervals on the outside of the premixing nozzle, and in the premixing section The air and ammonia mixed in the mixing section of the mixing nozzle are suitable for injection into the combustion zone of the flame tube, and are ignited by the on-duty flame and then burned; the present application adopts the above technical solution, and heats the liquid ammonia by utilizing the combustion heat of the on-duty flame in the on-duty flame zone, so that the liquid ammonia is efficiently gasified into ammonia after heat exchange, without cracking reaction and without producing hydrogen; that is, ammonia is burned in the combustion zone of the flame tube, and the flame propagation speed is lower when ammonia burns, thereby avoiding the flashback phenomenon that is easily caused by burning hydrogen, and ammonia molecules are large, unlike small molecules of hydrogen, and will not penetrate into metal materials such as pipes or walls, which can ensure the safe and stable operation of the gas turbine and have higher safety; and it can reduce fuel consumption. At the same time, using ammonia as fuel can significantly reduce carbon emissions compared to natural gas, and has good environmental protection effects. In addition, there is no need for external evaporators and other devices, which saves costs and meets the phase change requirements of liquid ammonia. The duty flame formed by the diffusion combustion of the duty component can serve as a stable ignition source, continuously igniting the premixed gas of fresh ammonia and air, making it burn stably and continuously; that is, a combustion chamber structure that is completely suitable for the combustion of ammonia fuel is obtained.

[0025] 2. The heat transfer section of the premixing nozzle described in the present invention is expanded outward starting from the connection with the air inlet section; the above technical solution is adopted in this application, which can not only increase the heat transfer area, but also provide sufficient heat transfer space for the service flame to the liquid ammonia in the premixing nozzle.

[0026] 3. The present invention provides a plurality of fins on the heat transfer section of the premixing nozzle at positions corresponding to the duty flame zone, and the fins are arranged along the axial direction of the premixing nozzle; the present application adopts the above technical solution to increase the heat transfer area and enhance the heat transfer through the fins; thereby making the liquid ammonia in the premixing nozzle absorb heat more fully, and shortening the axial size of the combustion chamber suitable for ammonia fuel, making the combustion chamber suitable for ammonia fuel more compact and reducing costs.

[0027] 4. The temperature of the air described in the present invention is higher than the temperature of liquid ammonia; the present application adopts the above technical solution, and uses high-temperature air to assist in heating liquid ammonia, so that the liquid ammonia is gasified after efficient heat exchange, and there is no cracking reaction, that is, only ammonia gas and liquid ammonia are burned in the combustion chamber, which is safer and can reduce fuel consumption. At the same time, using ammonia as fuel can reduce carbon emissions, and the environmental protection effect is significant; and, by simultaneously heating the liquid ammonia with two heat sources, high-temperature air and high-temperature combustion gas in the duty flame zone, the heat transfer effect is significant, so that the liquid ammonia can be converted into gaseous ammonia within a shorter axial distance, which not only fully utilizes the thermal energy of the combustion chamber suitable for ammonia fuel itself, but also can shorten the axial size of the combustion chamber suitable for ammonia fuel, making the combustion chamber suitable for ammonia fuel more compact and reducing costs.

[0028] 5. The combustion chamber suitable for ammonia fuel provided by the present invention further comprises: a plurality of liquid ammonia nozzles connected to the liquid ammonia supply chamber, and the plurality of liquid ammonia nozzles are arranged around the on-duty component; the plurality of liquid ammonia nozzles and the plurality of premixing nozzles are staggered, and the distance between the premixing nozzle and the central axis of the on-duty component is less than the distance between the liquid ammonia nozzle and the central axis of the on-duty component; the ends of the liquid ammonia nozzles are closed, and a plurality of liquid ammonia jet holes are provided at positions of the liquid ammonia nozzles near the on-duty flame zone, and a pressure nozzle is provided on the liquid ammonia jet hole, and the pressure nozzle is suitable for atomizing the liquid ammonia into droplets and spraying them toward the on-duty flame zone. On-duty flame zone; the present application adopts the above technical solution. Since, under the same high-temperature environment, the heat absorption of liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia nozzle is lower than that in the premixing nozzle, it is insufficient to support its phase change into gaseous state; therefore, the liquid ammonia is atomized into fine droplets through the pressure nozzle to absorb the heat of the on-duty flame, and then evaporated and burned, which can not only reduce the flame front temperature of the on-duty flame and significantly reduce the generation of thermal nitrogen oxides, but also burn liquid fuel; moreover, the liquid ammonia absorbs a certain amount of heat and then participates in combustion after the temperature rises, which can reduce the consumption of liquid ammonia and help save costs; and improve practicality and adaptability.

[0029] 6. The present invention provides a premixed air flow path at the center of the premixed nozzle; the premixed air flow path is suitable for introducing air; a second swirler is provided on the outer periphery of the premixed air flow path within the premixed nozzle, and the second swirler is arranged along the axial direction of the entire premixed nozzle. The multiple blades of the second swirler at positions corresponding to the air inlet section and the heat transfer section are arranged parallel to the axis of the premixed air flow path, so that liquid ammonia flows within the cavity formed by the blades of the second swirler and the premixed air flow path within the premixed nozzle. The present application adopts the above technical solution, and by arranging the second swirler along the axial direction within the entire premixed nozzle, the heat transfer area is significantly increased, the liquid ammonia can be quickly absorbed and phase-transformed into ammonia gas, and the conversion efficiency is improved.

[0030] 7. The present invention has multiple deflected blades in the second cyclone corresponding to the mixing section position, the deflected blades are hollow inside, and premixed air injection holes are provided on the deflected blades; the deflected blades are connected to the premixed air flow path; the premixed air injection holes are suitable for ejecting the air flowing into the blades to be mixed with ammonia; the present application adopts the above technical solution, and by arranging deflected blades in the second cyclone corresponding to the mixing section position, not only can the premixed gas of ammonia and air generate a swirl angle and form a stable reflux zone; but also the air can be ejected through the premixed air injection holes to be quickly and evenly mixed with the ammonia.

[0031] 8. The service assembly of the present invention includes: a service fuel chamber, suitable for providing fuel; a service nozzle, connected to the service fuel chamber, and the service nozzle is located in the center of multiple premixing nozzles; the end of the service nozzle is closed, and multiple service fuel holes are provided at a position near the end of the service nozzle; a fairing is sleeved on the service nozzle at intervals, and the interior of the head end of the fairing is suitable for introducing air, and a service air flow path is formed in the area between the fairing and the service nozzle; a first swirler is provided at the end of the service air flow path; the service nozzle is connected to the service fuel hole through the channel between the blades of the first swirler; the first swirler is connected to the service flame zone; the present application adopts the above technical solution, and the service fuel hole is connected to the channel between the blades of the first swirler, which is conducive to the rapid and uniform mixing of fuel and air; and through the first swirler, a stable reflux is formed in the service flame zone.

[0032] 9. In the present invention, multiple premixing nozzles are spaced around the outer periphery of the fairing; multiple air transmission holes are provided on the outer periphery of the air inlet section of the premixing nozzle, and the air outside the head end of the fairing is suitable for being introduced into the premixed air flow path in the premixing nozzle through the air transmission holes; the present application adopts the above technical solution to provide continuous and stable air for the premixed air flow path.

[0033] 10. The liquid ammonia supply mode of the liquid ammonia supply chamber of the present invention is double-sided tangential supply; the application adopts the above technical solution, which is conducive to the flow of liquid ammonia and supplies liquid ammonia to the liquid ammonia supply chamber efficiently and conveniently. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a combustion chamber suitable for ammonia fuel provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a right side structural schematic diagram of a combustion chamber suitable for ammonia fuel provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at A-A in the middle;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of a combustion chamber suitable for ammonia fuel provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at B-B in the middle;

[0040] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of air flow in a combustion chamber suitable for ammonia fuel provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the segmented structure of a premixing nozzle in a combustion chamber suitable for ammonia fuel provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Description of reference numerals:

[0043] 1. Service fuel chamber; 2. Liquid ammonia supply chamber; 3. Air intake flow path; 4. Service nozzle; 5. Premixing nozzle; 6. Liquid ammonia nozzle; 7. Service fuel hole; 8. Fairing; 9. Service air flow path; 10. First swirler; 11. Air transmission hole; 12. Premixing air flow path; 13. Second swirler; 14. Premixing air injection hole; 15. Support plate; 16. Air hole; 17. Liquid ammonia injection hole; 18. Flame tube; 19. Outer tube. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely to facilitate and simplify the description of the present invention. They are not intended to indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0046] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0047] In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0048] Normally, ammonia is stored in a low-temperature liquid state because liquid ammonia is easier to store than ammonia gas, is safer, and has a relatively low cost. When ammonia is used for combustion in a gas turbine, it is usually converted into gaseous ammonia. At this time, a heat exchange device such as an evaporator is required to cause the liquid ammonia to absorb heat and undergo a phase change, which significantly increases the investment cost. To this end, the present application proposes a combustion chamber suitable for ammonia fuel, which allows the liquid ammonia to absorb the heat generated by the combustion of the combustion chamber itself, without the need for external devices such as evaporators, thus saving costs and meeting the phase change requirements of the liquid ammonia.

[0049] like Figures 1 to 7 A specific embodiment of a combustion chamber suitable for ammonia fuel (abbreviated as: combustion chamber) shown includes: an on-duty component, twelve premixing nozzles 5 and twelve liquid ammonia nozzles 6 spaced around the on-duty component, a flame tube 18 spaced apart and sleeved on the outside of the liquid ammonia nozzles 6, an outer tube 19 spaced apart and sleeved on the flame tube 18, a liquid ammonia supply chamber 2 connected to the premixing nozzle 5, and a support plate 15.

[0050] like Figure 1 、 Figures 3 to 5 ,as well as Figure 7As shown, the outer end of the service component is a service flame zone, which is suitable for forming a service flame; the liquid ammonia supply chamber 2 is spaced apart and sleeved on the part of the service component near the front end; specifically, the liquid ammonia supply mode of the liquid ammonia supply chamber 2 is bilateral tangential supply; the internal position where the premixing nozzle 5 is connected to the liquid ammonia supply chamber 2 is chamfered; the liquid ammonia supply chamber 2 is a circular ring cavity, and the center of the ring is located at the central axis of the combustion chamber. The premixing nozzle 5 is an oblong tube. It extends outward from near the liquid ammonia supply chamber 2 to form a sequentially connected air intake section L1, heat transfer section L2, and mixing section L3. Multiple premixing nozzles 5 are arranged around the service assembly. The air intake section L1 is adapted to admit air. The heat transfer section L2 is located near the service flame zone. In the heat transfer section L2, liquid ammonia flowing through the premixing nozzle 5 is heated by the service flame and converted into ammonia gas. Furthermore, the heat transfer section L2 of the premixing nozzle 5 expands outward from its connection with the air intake section L1. The liquid ammonia nozzle 6 is also an oblong tube. It also expands outward at locations corresponding to the outward expansion of the heat transfer section L2 of the premixing nozzle 5. Multiple fins are provided on the heat transfer section L2 of the premixing nozzle 5 at locations corresponding to the service flame zone. These fins are arranged along the axis of the premixing nozzle 5. The fins are smooth and free of abrupt changes to reduce flow losses of the high-temperature gas. In the mixing section L3, air and ammonia are mixed; furthermore, the temperature of the air is higher than that of liquid ammonia. The premixing nozzle 5 is open at its distal end. The air and ammonia mixed in the mixing section L3 are suitable for injection into the combustion zone of the flame tube 18, where they are ignited by the duty flame and then burned. Specifically, a premixing air flow path 12 is provided at the center of the premixing nozzle 5; that is, the premixing air flow path 12 is located at the central axis of the premixing nozzle 5 and extends throughout the premixing nozzle 5 along the axis. The premixed air flow path 12 is suitable for introducing air. Within the premixed nozzle 5, a second swirler 13 is provided on the outer periphery of the premixed air flow path 12. The second swirler 13 is arranged along the axial direction of the entire premixed nozzle 5. The multiple blades of the second swirler 13 at the positions corresponding to the air intake section L1 and the heat transfer section L2 are arranged parallel to the axis of the premixed air flow path 12, that is, the projections of the blades of the second swirler 13 along the axial direction of the combustion chamber coincide with the central axis of the combustion chamber. This arrangement allows liquid ammonia to flow within the cavity formed by the blades of the second swirler 13 and the premixed air flow path 12 within the premixed nozzle 5. The multiple blades of the second swirler 13 at the position corresponding to the mixing section L3 are deflected, and the interior of the deflected blades is hollow. Premixed air injection holes 14 are provided on the deflected blades. The deflected blades are connected to the premixed air flow path 12. The premixed air injection holes 14 are suitable for ejecting air flowing into the blades for mixing with ammonia.

[0051] like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the liquid ammonia nozzles 6 are connected to the liquid ammonia supply chamber 2; twelve liquid ammonia nozzles 6 are staggered with twelve premixing nozzles 5; adjacent liquid ammonia nozzles 6 are connected to the premixing nozzles 5, with a smooth transition at the connection. The ends of the liquid ammonia nozzles 6 are sealed, and three liquid ammonia jet holes 17 are provided near the active flame zone. The central axes of the liquid ammonia jet holes 17 are arranged radially along the combustion chamber and perpendicular to the central axis of the combustion chamber. Pressure nozzles are installed above the liquid ammonia jet holes 17, which are suitable for atomizing the liquid ammonia into droplets and spraying them into the active flame zone.

[0052] like Figure 3 As shown, the service assembly includes: a service fuel chamber 1, a service nozzle 4 connected to the service fuel chamber 1, and a fairing 8 spaced apart on the service nozzle 4. Specifically, the internal position where the service nozzle 4 is connected to the service fuel chamber 1 is chamfered; the fuel supply method of the service fuel chamber 1 is bilateral tangential supply, which is conducive to the flow of fuel in the service fuel chamber 1. The service fuel chamber 1 is a cylindrical cavity suitable for providing fuel; the central axis of the service fuel chamber 1 coincides with the central axis of the combustion chamber. The service nozzle 4 is cylindrical and is located at the center of the twelve premixing nozzles 5. The central axis of the service nozzle 4 coincides with the central axis of the combustion chamber; the end of the service nozzle 4 is closed, and a plurality of service fuel holes 7 are provided near the end of the service nozzle 4. A fairing 8 is coaxially disposed on the outside of the service nozzle 4. The premixing nozzle 5 and the liquid ammonia nozzle 6 are coaxially disposed around the outside of the fairing 8. The distance between the premixing nozzle 5 and the central axis of the combustion chamber (coinciding with the central axis of the service assembly) is less than the distance between the liquid ammonia nozzle 6 and the central axis of the combustion chamber. The premixing nozzle 5 and the liquid ammonia nozzle 6 are evenly spaced circumferentially, and the connection is smooth to reduce fluid flow losses. The interior of the front end of the fairing 8 is suitable for introducing air, forming a service air flow path 9 in the area between the fairing 8 and the service nozzle 4. A first swirler 10 is disposed at the end of the service air flow path 9. The service nozzle 4 is connected to the channel between the blades of the first swirler 10 through the service fuel hole 7. The first swirler 10 is connected to the service flame zone. Twelve premixing nozzles 5 are spaced around the outer periphery of the fairing 8; a plurality of air transmission holes 11 are provided on the outer periphery of the air inlet section L1 of the premixing nozzle 5, and the air outside the head end of the fairing 8 is suitable for being introduced into the premixed air flow path 12 in the premixing nozzle 5 through the air transmission holes 11.

[0053] In order to ensure stable ammonia combustion and take into account pollutant emissions, the fuel of the duty fuel chamber 1 is natural gas, hydrogen or ammonia, etc.; the fuel amount of the duty fuel chamber 1 accounts for 5% to 15% of the total fuel amount; the ammonia formed by the premixing nozzle 5 accounts for 65% to 85% of the total fuel amount; the liquid ammonia nozzle 6 accounts for 10% to 20% of the total fuel amount; the above proportions are all mass flow ratios.

[0054] like Figure 2 、 Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the outer cylinder 19 is sealed at its front end, forming an air intake path 3 between the outer cylinder 19 and the flame tube 18. Both the outer cylinder 19 and the flame tube 18 are coaxially arranged with the combustion chamber. The support plate 15 is perpendicular to the central axis of the outer cylinder 19 and is located at the boundary between the air intake section L1 and the heat transfer section L2 of the premixing nozzle 5. The liquid ammonia nozzle 6 is connected to the flame tube 18 via the support plate 15, and the premixing nozzle 5 is also connected to the fairing 8 via the support plate 15. Multiple air holes 16 are provided in the support plate 15, which not only cool the support plate 15 and reduce its wall temperature, but also provide the air required for ammonia combustion. Air for the air intake path 3 is input from the distal ends of the outer cylinder 19 and the flame tube 18. The air originates from the compressor outlet. The high-temperature, high-pressure air exiting the compressor outlet can reach temperatures of several hundred degrees Celsius, far exceeding the temperature of liquid ammonia. After the air flows to the head end position near the flame tube 18, it is divided into three paths; the first air path flows into the area between the liquid ammonia nozzle 6 and the flame tube 18, and passes through the air hole 16 on the support plate 15, fits the outside of the liquid ammonia nozzle 6, and flows into the combustion area of the flame tube 18; the second air path flows into the area between the liquid ammonia nozzle 6 and the flame tube 18, and flows into the premixed air flow path 12 through the air transmission hole 11; the third air path bypasses the outside of the liquid ammonia supply chamber 2, passes through the gap between the liquid ammonia supply chamber 2 and the service nozzle 4, flows to the front end of the fairing 8, and then divides into three branches; the first air branch flows into the service air flow path 9; the second air branch flows into the premixed air flow path 12 through the air transmission hole 11; the third air branch flows into the area between the premixed nozzle 5 and the fairing 8, and passes through the air hole 16 on the support plate 15, fits the premixed nozzle 5 and flows into the service flame zone. Figure 6 The arrows in the figure indicate the air flow path and direction. The first cavity formed between the liquid ammonia nozzle 6 and the flame tube 18 is not connected to the cavity before the head end of the fairing 8. This is because the premixing nozzle 5 and the liquid ammonia nozzle 6 are tightly connected, leaving no air flow space. The bends and corners where air flows are rounded to reduce flow losses.

[0055] The main working process of the ammonia fuel combustion chamber described in this application is briefly described as follows: air is transmitted from the compressor outlet and enters the air intake flow path 3. The air flows from downstream to upstream in the air intake flow path 3. When it flows to the cavity at the head of the combustion chamber, it is divided into three paths. The first air path passes through the air hole 16 on the support plate 15, adheres to the outside of the liquid ammonia nozzle 6, and flows into the combustion zone of the flame tube 18. The second air path flows into the area between the liquid ammonia nozzle 6 and the flame tube 18, and flows into the premixed air flow path 12 through the air transmission hole 11. The third air path bypasses the outside of the liquid ammonia supply chamber 2, passes through the gap between the liquid ammonia supply chamber 2 and the service nozzle 4, and flows to the front end of the fairing 8, and then divides into three branches: the first air branch flows into the service air flow path 9; the second air branch flows into the premixed air flow path 12 through the air transmission hole 11; the third air branch flows into the area between the premixed nozzle 5 and the fairing 8, and passes through the air hole 16 on the support plate 15, adheres to the premixed nozzle 5 and flows into the service flame zone.

[0056] As the air flows, the service fuel is tangentially supplied from a source into the service fuel chamber 1. It then enters the service nozzle 4, passes through the service fuel holes 7 at the end of the service nozzle 4, and exits into the gaps between the blades of the first swirler 10. There, it rapidly mixes with the air. The swirl action of the first swirler 10 creates a stable recirculation zone, and ignites the igniter to form a stable, burning service flame. Simultaneously, liquid ammonia is tangentially supplied from a source into the liquid ammonia supply chamber 2, and then enters the premixing nozzle 5 and the liquid ammonia nozzle 6. The liquid ammonia entering the premixing nozzle 5 flows in the cavity between the blades of the second swirler 13 in the premixing nozzle 5 and the premixing air flow path 12. At the same time, the air flows in the premixing air flow path 12. The high-temperature service flame and the high-temperature air can heat the liquid ammonia at the same time. The second swirler 13 is distributed axially throughout the premixing nozzle 5, which significantly increases the heat transfer area, allowing the liquid ammonia to quickly absorb heat and undergo phase change. At the end of the second swirler 13, which corresponds to the mixing section L3 of the premixing nozzle 5, the blades of the second swirler 13 are deflected. When the ammonia flows into the mixing section L3, it is quickly and evenly mixed with the air transmitted from the premixing air injection hole 14 and propagates downstream. Due to the deflection of the blade angle of the second swirler 13, the premixed gas can generate a swirl, forming a stable recirculation zone. When it reaches the flame tube 18, it can be ignited and burned by the service flame. The liquid ammonia entering the liquid ammonia nozzle 6 flows in its internal cavity. Since the downstream end of the liquid ammonia nozzle 6 is closed, it can only be discharged through the liquid ammonia jet hole 17. The temperature of the liquid ammonia increases after absorbing heat, but the heat transfer structure in the liquid ammonia nozzle 6 cannot support its gasification. Therefore, the liquid ammonia with increased temperature is quickly atomized into fine droplets after being discharged through the pressure nozzle, absorbing the heat of the service flame, and then evaporating and quickly mixing with the air to burn. The burning liquid ammonia can use its evaporation heat absorption to reduce the service flame temperature, that is, the flame surface temperature during diffusion combustion, thereby reducing the production of thermal nitrogen oxides, and at the same time preheat the liquid ammonia to reduce the liquid ammonia consumption.

[0057] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clarity of explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all implementation methods here. Obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom remain within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A combustion chamber suitable for ammonia fuel, characterized in that: include: On-duty component, the outer portion of the end is an on-duty flame zone, suitable for forming an on-duty flame; A liquid ammonia supply chamber (2) is spaced and sleeved on a portion of the on-duty component close to the front end; A plurality of premixing nozzles (5) are connected to the liquid ammonia supply chamber (2), and the premixing nozzles (5) extend outward from a position close to the liquid ammonia supply chamber (2) to form an air intake section, a heat transfer section, and a mixing section that are connected in sequence; and the plurality of premixing nozzles (5) are arranged around the on-duty component; the air intake section is suitable for introducing air; the heat transfer section is arranged close to the on-duty flame zone; in the heat transfer section, the liquid ammonia flowing in the premixing nozzles (5) is suitable for being heated by the on-duty flame to be converted into ammonia gas; in the mixing section, the air and the ammonia gas are mixed; The flame tube (18) is sleeved at intervals outside the premixing nozzle (5), and the air and ammonia mixed in the mixing section of the premixing nozzle (5) are suitable for being sprayed into the combustion zone of the flame tube (18) and ignited by the duty flame and then burned; The heat transfer section of the premixing nozzle (5) is arranged to expand outwards starting from the connection with the air inlet section.

2. The combustion chamber suitable for ammonia fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of fins are provided at positions corresponding to the on-duty flame zone on the heat transfer section of the premixing nozzle (5), and the fins are arranged along the axial direction of the premixing nozzle (5).

3. The combustion chamber suitable for ammonia fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature of the air is higher than that of the liquid ammonia.

4. The combustion chamber suitable for ammonia fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Also includes: A plurality of liquid ammonia nozzles (6) are connected to the liquid ammonia supply chamber (2), and the plurality of liquid ammonia nozzles (6) are arranged around the on-duty component, and the plurality of liquid ammonia nozzles (6) are staggered with the plurality of premixing nozzles (5), and the distance between the premixing nozzles (5) and the central axis of the on-duty component is smaller than the distance between the liquid ammonia nozzles (6) and the central axis of the on-duty component; the end of the liquid ammonia nozzle (6) is closed, and a plurality of liquid ammonia jet holes (17) are provided at a position of the liquid ammonia nozzle (6) close to the on-duty flame zone, and a pressure nozzle is provided on the liquid ammonia jet hole (17), and the pressure nozzle is suitable for atomizing the liquid ammonia into droplets and then spraying them toward the on-duty flame zone.

5. The combustion chamber suitable for ammonia fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: A premixed air flow path (12) is provided at the center of the premixed nozzle (5); the premixed air flow path (12) is suitable for introducing air; In the premixing nozzle (5), a second swirler (13) is provided on the outer periphery of the premixing air flow path (12). The second swirler (13) is arranged along the axial direction of the entire premixing nozzle (5). A plurality of blades of the second swirler (13) at positions corresponding to the air inlet section and the heat transfer section are arranged parallel to the axis of the premixing air flow path (12); so that liquid ammonia flows in a cavity formed by the blades of the second swirler (13) and the premixing air flow path (12) in the premixing nozzle (5).

6. The combustion chamber suitable for ammonia fuel according to claim 5, characterized in that: A plurality of blades of the second cyclone (13) at a position corresponding to the mixing section are deflected, the interior of the deflected blades is hollow, and a premixed air injection hole (14) is provided on the deflected blades; the deflected blades are connected to the premixed air flow path (12); the premixed air injection hole (14) is suitable for ejecting air flowing into the interior of the blades to be mixed with ammonia.

7. The combustion chamber suitable for ammonia fuel according to claim 5, characterized in that: The on-duty components include: A duty fuel chamber (1) adapted to provide fuel; A service nozzle (4) is connected to the service fuel cavity (1), and the service nozzle (4) is located at the center of the plurality of premixing nozzles (5); the end of the service nozzle (4) is closed, and a plurality of service fuel holes (7) are provided near the end of the service nozzle (4); A fairing (8) is sleeved on the service nozzle (4) at intervals, the interior of the head end of the fairing (8) is suitable for introducing air, and a service air flow path (9) is formed in the area between the fairing (8) and the service nozzle (4); a first swirler (10) is provided at the end of the service air flow path (9); the service nozzle (4) is connected to the channel between the blades of the first swirler (10) through the service fuel hole (7); and the first swirler (10) is connected to the service flame zone.

8. The combustion chamber suitable for ammonia fuel according to claim 7, characterized in that: A plurality of premixing nozzles (5) are arranged around the periphery of a fairing (8) at intervals; a plurality of air transmission holes (11) are provided on the periphery of an air inlet section of the premixing nozzle (5), and air outside the head end of the fairing (8) is adapted to be introduced into a premixed air flow path (12) in the premixing nozzle (5) through the air transmission holes (11).

9. The combustion chamber suitable for ammonia fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The liquid ammonia supply chamber (2) supplies liquid ammonia in a double-sided tangential manner.

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