A universal loading gimbal for a uniaxial tensile and compressive testing machine and a tensile and compressive testing method

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of tensile and compressive testing technology, and discloses a universal loading gimbal and tensile and compressive testing method for a uniaxial tensile and compressive testing machine. It is used to apply loads in different directions to test pieces on a uniaxial tensile and compressive testing machine, and includes: a support platform, a horizontal longitudinal adjustment handle, a longitudinal horizontal adjustment drive shaft, a drive shaft fixing cover, a horizontal adjustment platform, a pitch steering seat, a lateral adjustment platform, a tilting table joint shaft, a rotary table adjustment handle, a rotary table adjustment worm gear, a rotary platform, a tilting platform, a tilting angle adjustment plate, a pitch angle adjustment movable shim, a pitch angle adjustment fixing bolt, a pitch steering seat fixing shaft, a pitch angle adjustment fixing pad, a pitch angle adjustment gear, and a pitch angle adjustment handle; used to apply loads in different directions to test pieces on a uniaxial tensile and compressive testing machine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tensile and compressive testing technology, and particularly relates to a universal loading gimbal for a uniaxial tensile and compressive testing machine and a tensile and compressive testing method, which is used to apply loads in different directions to the test piece on the uniaxial tensile and compressive testing machine. Background Technology

[0002] On a uniaxial tensile and compressive testing machine, tensile and compressive tests are typically performed along the axial direction of the test piece. For test pieces where the clamping axis is at an angle to the test piece's axis, direct clamping is not possible; therefore, tooling fixtures in different directions must be designed according to the test requirements.

[0003] Traditional tooling fixtures are designed with angled mounting bases to fix the test piece at an angle, thus achieving angled loading. Since the requirements for each test are different, multiple angled mounting platforms need to be designed (e.g., Figure 1 (As shown).

[0004] Traditional testing platforms have a single purpose and are scrapped after the test. This not only causes great waste, but also requires multiple reassemblies during the change of testing angle. The series of reassemblies, including loosening the testing machine clamps, disassembling the angle mounting platform, removing the test piece, reinstalling the test piece, and re-clamping the angle mounting platform, is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also increases the risks to the test piece, testing machine, and personnel. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device that allows for easy and rapid operation of angular loading in various directions on a uniaxial tensile and compressive testing machine. It utilizes a single / double-ear connection for pitch angle adjustment, a double- / triple-ear connection for tilt angle adjustment, and a central circular shaft for rotation angle adjustment. The most commonly used adjustment functions all feature handles. Longitudinal horizontal position is adjusted using a lead screw, pitch angle using a gear transmission, and rotation angle using a worm gear transmission, facilitating operation and saving time and effort. Scale lines are etched on the parts for precise adjustment of angles and horizontal positions.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention:

[0007] Technical Solution 1:

[0008] A universal loading gimbal for a uniaxial tensile and compressive testing machine, the universal loading gimbal comprising: a support platform 1, a horizontal and longitudinal adjustment handle 2, a longitudinal and horizontal adjustment drive shaft 3, a drive shaft fixing cover 4, a horizontal adjustment platform 5, a pitch steering seat 6, a lateral adjustment platform 7, a tilting table joint shaft 8, a rotary table adjustment handle 9, a rotary table adjustment worm gear 10, a rotary platform 11, a tilting platform 12, a tilting angle adjustment plate 13, a pitch angle adjustment movable shim 14, a pitch angle adjustment fixing bolt 15, a pitch steering seat fixing shaft 16, a pitch angle adjustment fixing pad 17, a pitch angle adjustment gear 18, and a pitch angle adjustment handle 19;

[0009] The bottom of the support platform 1 is designed with a knurled chuck 1A for clamping the lower part of the testing machine; one end of the support platform 1 is designed with a stop block 1D for mounting the longitudinal horizontal adjustment drive shaft 3.

[0010] The horizontal adjustment platform 5 also functions as a pitch angle adjustment base. The protruding boss 5E serves as a pitch angle adjustment base. The longitudinal movement of the horizontal adjustment platform 5 is achieved by shaking the horizontal longitudinal adjustment handle 2 and rotating the longitudinal horizontal adjustment drive shaft 3.

[0011] The drive shaft fixing cover 4 has a stepped hole in the center. The top of the longitudinal horizontal adjustment drive shaft 3 is inserted into the stepped hole. The drive shaft fixing cover 4 is fixed to the stop 1D of the support platform 1 with bolts. When the horizontal longitudinal adjustment handle 2 is shaken, the top of the longitudinal horizontal adjustment drive shaft 3 rotates in the stepped hole. The screw rotation drives the longitudinal movement of the horizontal adjustment platform 5.

[0012] The pitch steering seat 6 has a dual-ear design;

[0013] The lateral adjustment platform 7 is fixed to the pitch steering seat 6 by countersunk bolts, and the outer side is etched with scale lines.

[0014] A circular stepped hole is arranged in the center of the flipping platform 12, and a cylindrical rotating shaft is designed at the bottom of the rotating platform 11. The rotating shaft is inserted into the circular stepped hole in the center of the flipping platform 12, and a nut is screwed into the large hole to fix it.

[0015] The features and further improvements of the first technical solution of this invention are as follows:

[0016] (1) Two rows of long holes 1B are arranged on the support platform 1, and etching lines 1C are engraved on both sides of the support platform 1 for precise adjustment of the longitudinal horizontal position.

[0017] (2) The boss 5E extending from the horizontal adjustment platform 5 serves as the pitch angle adjustment base. From top to bottom, the pitch steering shaft hole 5A, the pitch angle adjustment fixing bolt hole 5B, and the pitch angle adjustment gear fixing hole 5C are arranged in sequence. The stop block at the end of the horizontal adjustment platform 5 is designed with a threaded hole 5D.

[0018] (3) Annular slots are opened on both sides of the double ears of the pitch steering seat 6. Pitch angle adjustment fixing pads 6A are embedded in the slots. Movable pads 6B are mounted on the outside of the pads. The contact surfaces of the pads and the movable pads are designed with knurling. Adjustment gear teeth 6C are designed on the circumferential surface of the double ears. The pitch angle adjustment handle 19 is shaken to drive the pitch angle adjustment gear 18 to rotate, thereby using gear transmission to drive the pitch steering seat 6 to adjust the pitch angle around the pitch steering seat fixed shaft 16. Angle scale lines are etched on the outer edge of the double ears. After adjusting to the target angle, the pitch angle adjustment fixing bolt 15 is inserted. After tightening the pitch angle adjustment fixing bolt, the pitch angle is positioned by the friction of the pads and the movable pads.

[0019] (4) The horizontal position can be adjusted by means of the horizontal adjustment elongated hole 6D on the pitch steering seat 6 platform. The horizontal adjustment platform 7 is designed with a double ear fork that cooperates with the three ears of the tilting platform 12, and the tilting shaft is inserted in the middle. The other side of the horizontal adjustment platform 7 is designed with two bosses to arrange the positioning hole for no tilting and the tilting angle positioning hole respectively. The tilting platform 12 is also arranged with two positioning holes. When there is no tilting, the positioning pin is inserted into the positioning hole for no tilting. When there is tilting, the tilting platform 12 is adjusted to the target angle and the positioning pin is inserted into the elongated hole of the tilting adjustment plate 13 and the tilting angle positioning hole of the horizontal adjustment platform 7.

[0020] (5) A worm gear 10 is arranged on the side of the flipping platform 12 to engage with the gear teeth on the circumference of the rotating platform 11; the rotating table adjustment handle 9 is cranked to drive the rotating platform 11 to rotate around the cylindrical rotating shaft using the worm gear transmission; angle scale lines are etched on the circumference of the rotating platform 11, and after adjusting to the target angle, bolts are inserted into the stepped groove holes around the rotating platform to fix it in the threaded holes reserved on the flipping platform to achieve positioning.

[0021] (6) Four threaded holes are designed on the upper surface of the rotating platform 11. The test piece is fixed on the rotating platform by the adapter fixture for testing.

[0022] Technical Solution Two:

[0023] A tensile and compressive testing method for a universal loading gimbal used in a uniaxial tensile and compressive testing machine, the method employing the universal loading gimbal described in technical solution one, the tensile and compressive testing method comprising:

[0024] S1, which assembles the following components together: support platform 1, horizontal and longitudinal adjustment handle 2, longitudinal and horizontal adjustment drive shaft 3, drive shaft fixing cover 4, horizontal adjustment platform 5, pitch steering seat 6, lateral adjustment platform 7, tilting table joint shaft 8, rotary table adjustment handle 9, rotary table adjustment worm gear 10, rotary platform 11, tilting platform 12, tilting angle adjustment plate 13, pitch angle adjustment movable shim 14, pitch angle adjustment fixing bolt 15, pitch steering seat fixing shaft 16, pitch angle adjustment fixing pad 17, pitch angle adjustment gear 18, and pitch angle adjustment handle 19.

[0025] S2, clamp the assembled universal loading gimbal into the lower chuck of the uniaxial tensile and compressive testing machine and fix it.

[0026] S3, fix the test piece to the rotating platform 11 with four bolts;

[0027] S4, Adjust the angle of the test specimen as needed:

[0028] S5, crank the pitch angle adjustment handle 19 to drive the pitch angle adjustment gear 18 and adjust the pitch angle of the test piece. After adjusting to the target angle, insert the pitch angle adjustment fixing bolt 15 into the pitch fixing hole of the horizontal adjustment platform 5. The pitch angle adjustment movable shim 14 passes through the pitch angle adjustment fixing bolt 15. The contact surface of the pitch angle adjustment movable shim 14 and the pitch angle adjustment fixing pad 17 is designed with knurling. After tightening the nut of the pitch angle adjustment fixing bolt 15, the pitch angle of the test piece is fixed by the friction between the pitch angle adjustment movable shim 14 and the pitch angle adjustment fixing pad 17.

[0029] S6, crank the rotary table adjustment handle 9, drive the rotary platform 11 to rotate to the target angle through the cooperation of the rotary table adjustment worm 10 and the outer wheel of the rotary platform 11, and then tighten the rotary platform 11 with four bolts to fix the rotation angle;

[0030] S7, lift the flip angle adjustment plate 13, adjust the flip angle of the test piece, and after adjusting to the target angle, insert bolts into the elongated hole of the flip angle adjustment plate 13 and the positioning hole of the transverse adjustment platform 7 to fix the flip angle;

[0031] S8, thus realizing the angle adjustment and locking of the test piece in three directions in space;

[0032] S9, calculate the horizontal and longitudinal positional deviations of the test specimen loading center position during the angle adjustment process;

[0033] S10, adjust the horizontal position of the lateral adjustment platform 7 through the elongated hole of the pitch steering seat 6 to eliminate horizontal deviation;

[0034] S11, shake the horizontal longitudinal adjustment handle 2 to adjust the position of the horizontal adjustment platform 5 through the longitudinal horizontal adjustment drive shaft 3 to eliminate longitudinal horizontal deviation;

[0035] S12, tighten all adjusting bolts and perform a tensile and compressive test.

[0036] Compared with existing technologies, this universal loading gimbal has the following advantages: it expands the functionality of the uniaxial tensile and compressive testing machine, enabling the application of loads in various directions using a single device, avoiding the workload and risks of multiple assembly changes; it uses a single / double-ear connection to achieve pitch angle adjustment, a double-ear-three-ear connection to achieve tilt angle adjustment, and a central circular shaft to achieve rotation angle adjustment; it is easy to operate, with handles designed for the most frequently used adjustment functions, using screw drive to adjust the longitudinal horizontal position, gear drive to adjust the pitch angle, and worm gear drive to adjust the rotation angle, saving time and effort; the three-direction angle adjustment and two-direction horizontal position adjustment are all designed with scale markings, enabling precise positioning of angles and positions; it can be transferred via a rotating platform and is suitable for various types of test specimens; it can be used as a general-purpose device and reused. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a traditional angle-mounted platform;

[0038] Figure 2 An exploded view of a universal loading gimbal used in a uniaxial tensile and compressive testing machine;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a universal loading gimbal for a uniaxial tensile and compressive testing machine. (a) is a schematic diagram with no angle, and (b) is a schematic diagram with angle adjustment in all three directions.

[0040] Figure 4 Supported platform diagram;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal horizontal adjustment platform;

[0042] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the drive shaft fixing cover;

[0043] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the pitch steering seat;

[0044] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the lateral adjustment platform;

[0045] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a flipping platform;

[0046] In the diagram: 1-Support platform, 2-Horizontal and longitudinal adjustment handle, 3-Longitudinal and horizontal adjustment drive shaft, 4-Drive shaft fixing cover, 5-Horizontal adjustment platform, 6-Pitch steering seat, 7-Lateral adjustment platform, 8-Tilting table joint shaft, 9-Rotating table adjustment handle, 10-Rotating table adjustment worm gear, 11-Rotating platform, 12-Tilting platform, 13-Tilting angle adjustment plate, 14-Pitch angle adjustment movable shim, 15-Pitch angle adjustment positioning bolt, 16-Pitch steering seat fixing shaft, 17-Pitch angle adjustment fixing pad, 18-Pitch angle adjustment gear, 19-Pitch angle adjustment handle. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The technical solution of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0048] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a universal loading gimbal for a uniaxial tensile and compressive testing machine, comprising a support platform 1, a horizontal and longitudinal adjustment handle 2, a longitudinal and horizontal adjustment drive shaft 3, a drive shaft fixing cover 4, a horizontal adjustment platform 5, a pitch steering seat 6, a lateral adjustment platform 7, a tilting table joint shaft 8, a rotary table adjustment handle 9, a rotary table adjustment worm gear 10, a rotary platform 11, a tilting platform 12, a tilting angle adjustment plate 13, a pitch angle adjustment movable shim 14, a pitch angle adjustment fixing bolt 15, a pitch steering seat fixing shaft 16, a pitch angle adjustment fixing pad 17, a pitch angle adjustment gear 18, and a pitch angle adjustment handle 19, totaling 19 parts (see...). Figure 2 ).

[0049] The support platform 1 features a knurled chuck 1A at its bottom for clamping the lower part of the testing machine; two rows of elongated holes 1B are arranged on the support platform, and etched lines 1C are engraved on both sides of the support platform for precise adjustment of the longitudinal horizontal position; a stop 1D is designed at one end of the support platform for mounting the longitudinal horizontal adjustment drive shaft 3 (see...). Figure 4 ).

[0050] The horizontal adjustment platform 5 also functions as a pitch angle adjustment base. The protruding boss 5E serves as the pitch angle adjustment base, with the pitch steering shaft hole 5A, pitch angle adjustment fixing bolt hole 5B, and pitch angle adjustment gear fixing hole 5C arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The end block of the horizontal adjustment platform 5 is designed with a threaded hole 5D. The longitudinal movement of the horizontal adjustment platform 5 is achieved by rotating the longitudinal horizontal adjustment drive shaft 3 by shaking the horizontal longitudinal adjustment handle 2 (see...). Figure 5 ).

[0051] The drive shaft fixing cover 4 has a stepped hole 4A at its center. The top of the longitudinal horizontal adjustment drive shaft 3 is inserted into the stepped hole, and the drive shaft fixing cover 4 is fastened to the stop block 1D of the support platform 1 with bolts. When the horizontal and longitudinal adjustment handle 2 is turned, the top of the drive shaft 3 rotates in the stepped hole, and the threaded rotation drives the longitudinal movement of the horizontal adjustment platform 5 (see...). Figure 6 ).

[0052] The pitch steering seat 6 is a dual-ear type (see...) Figure 7 The device features annular slots on both sides of the two ears. A pitch angle adjustment fixing pad 6A is embedded in each slot, and a movable pad 6B is fitted to the outside of the pad. The contact surfaces of the pad and the movable pad are knurled. Adjustment gear teeth 6C are designed on the circumferential surfaces of the two ears. Cranking the handle 19 drives the pitch angle adjustment gear 18 to rotate, thereby using gear transmission to adjust the pitch angle of the pitch steering seat 6 around the fixed axis 16 of the pitch steering seat. Angle scale lines are etched along the outer edges of the two ears. After adjusting to the target angle, the pitch angle adjustment fixing bolt 15 is inserted. Tightening the bolt allows the pitch angle to be positioned using the friction between the pad and the movable pad.

[0053] The lateral adjustment platform 7 is fixed to the pitch steering seat 6 by countersunk bolts, with etched lines on its outer side. Lateral horizontal position adjustment can be achieved through the elongated lateral horizontal adjustment hole 6D on the pitch steering seat 6 platform. One side of the lateral adjustment platform 7 features a double-eared fork 7A that mates with the three-eared bushing 12A of the tilting platform 12, with the tilting shaft inserted in the middle. The other side of the lateral adjustment platform 7 features two bosses 7B and 7C, respectively accommodating positioning holes for the non-tilting state and the tilting angle positioning holes. Figure 9 As shown, the flipping platform 12 is also equipped with two positioning holes: a positioning hole 12B without flipping angle and a positioning hole 12C with flipping angle. When there is no flipping, a positioning pin is inserted into the positioning hole without flipping. When there is flipping, after adjusting the flipping platform 12 to the target angle, a positioning pin is inserted into the elongated hole of the flipping adjustment plate 13 and the positioning hole with flipping angle of the horizontal adjustment platform 7.

[0054] A circular stepped hole is arranged at the center of the tilting platform 12. A cylindrical rotating shaft is designed at the bottom of the rotating platform. The rotating shaft is inserted into the circular stepped hole at the center of the tilting platform, and a nut is screwed into the large hole to fix it. This allows the rotating platform to rotate around the shaft.

[0055] A worm gear 10 is arranged on the side of the tilting platform 12, which meshes with the gear teeth on the circumference of the rotating platform 11. By cranking the handle 9, the worm gear drives the rotating platform 11 to rotate around the cylindrical rotating shaft. Angle scale lines are etched on the circumference of the rotating platform 11. After adjusting to the target angle, bolts are inserted into the stepped grooves around the rotating platform to fix it in the pre-drilled threaded holes on the tilting platform, thus achieving positioning.

[0056] The upper surface of the rotating platform 11 is designed with four threaded holes. The test piece can be fixed on the rotating platform by the adapter fixture to carry out the test.

[0057] A universal loading gimbal for a uniaxial tensile and compressive testing machine includes: a support platform 1, a horizontal and longitudinal adjustment handle 2, a longitudinal and horizontal adjustment drive shaft 3, a drive shaft fixing cover 4, a horizontal adjustment platform 5, a pitch steering seat 6, a lateral adjustment platform 7, a tilting table joint shaft 8, a rotary table adjustment handle 9, a rotary table adjustment worm gear 10, a rotary platform 11, a tilting platform 12, a tilting angle adjustment plate 13, a pitch angle adjustment movable shim 14, a pitch angle adjustment fixing bolt 15, a pitch steering seat fixing shaft 16, a pitch angle adjustment fixing pad 17, a pitch angle adjustment gear 18, and a pitch angle adjustment handle 19. The displacement control process is carried out according to the following steps:

[0058] The following components are arranged in order: support platform 1, horizontal and longitudinal adjustment handle 2, longitudinal and horizontal adjustment drive shaft 3, drive shaft fixing cover 4, horizontal adjustment platform 5, pitch steering seat 6, lateral adjustment platform 7, tilting table joint shaft 8, rotary table adjustment handle 9, rotary table adjustment worm gear 10, rotary platform 11, tilting platform 12, tilting angle adjustment plate 13, pitch angle adjustment movable shim 14, pitch angle adjustment fixing bolt 15, pitch steering seat fixing shaft 16, pitch angle adjustment fixing pad 17, pitch angle adjustment gear 18, pitch angle adjustment handle 19, etc. Figure 3 As shown in a), they are assembled together;

[0059] The assembled loading gimbal is clamped into the lower chuck of the uniaxial tensile and compressive testing machine and fixed.

[0060] The test piece was fixed to the rotating platform 11 with four bolts;

[0061] Adjust the angle of the test specimen according to requirements:

[0062] Shake the pitch angle adjustment handle 19 to drive the pitch angle adjustment gear 18 and adjust the pitch angle of the test piece. After adjusting to the target angle, insert the pitch angle adjustment fixing bolt 15 into the pitch fixing hole of the horizontal adjustment platform 5. The pitch angle adjustment movable shim 14 passes through the pitch angle adjustment fixing bolt 15. The contact surface between the pitch angle adjustment movable shim 14 and the pitch angle adjustment fixing pad 17 is designed with knurled patterns. After tightening the nut of the pitch angle adjustment fixing bolt 15, the pitch angle of the test piece is fixed by the friction between the pitch angle adjustment movable shim 14 and the pitch angle adjustment fixing pad 17.

[0063] By cranking the rotary table adjustment handle 9, the rotary table adjustment worm 10 and the outer wheel of the rotary platform 11 are coordinated to drive the rotary platform 11 to rotate to the target angle. Then, the rotary platform 11 is tightened by four bolts to fix the rotation angle.

[0064] Lift the flip angle adjustment plate 13, adjust the flip angle of the test piece, and after adjusting to the target angle, insert bolts into the elongated hole of the flip angle adjustment plate 13 and the positioning hole of the transverse adjustment platform 7 to fix the flip angle; thus, the angle adjustment and locking of the test piece in three directions in space are realized.

[0065] Calculate the horizontal and longitudinal positional deviations of the test specimen's loading center position caused by the angle adjustment process;

[0066] The horizontal position of the lateral adjustment platform 7 is adjusted by the elongated hole of the pitch steering seat 6 to eliminate horizontal deviation;

[0067] Shake the horizontal and vertical adjustment handle 2 to adjust the position of the horizontal adjustment platform 5 through the vertical horizontal adjustment drive shaft to eliminate the vertical horizontal deviation;

[0068] Tighten all adjusting bolts and perform a tension / compression test.

[0069] Compared with existing technologies, this universal loading gimbal has the following advantages: it expands the functionality of the uniaxial tensile and compressive testing machine, enabling the application of loads in various directions using a single device, avoiding the workload and risks of multiple assembly changes; it uses a single / double-ear connection to achieve pitch angle adjustment, a double-ear-three-ear connection to achieve tilt angle adjustment, and a central circular shaft to achieve rotation angle adjustment; it is easy to operate, with handles designed for the most frequently used adjustment functions, using screw drive to adjust the longitudinal horizontal position, gear drive to adjust the pitch angle, and worm gear drive to adjust the rotation angle, saving time and effort; the three-direction angle adjustment and two-direction horizontal position adjustment are all designed with scale markings, enabling precise positioning of angles and positions; it can be transferred via a rotating platform and is suitable for various types of test specimens; it can be used as a general-purpose device and reused.

Claims

1. A universal loading gimbal for a uniaxial tensile / compression testing machine, characterized in that, The universal loading gimbal includes: a support platform (1), a horizontal and longitudinal adjustment handle (2), a longitudinal and horizontal adjustment drive shaft (3), a drive shaft fixing cover (4), a horizontal adjustment platform (5), a pitch steering seat (6), a lateral adjustment platform (7), a tilting table joint shaft (8), a rotary table adjustment handle (9), a rotary table adjustment worm gear (10), a rotary platform (11), a tilting platform (12), a tilting angle adjustment plate (13), a pitch angle adjustment movable shim (14), a pitch angle adjustment fixing bolt (15), a pitch steering seat fixing shaft (16), a pitch angle adjustment fixing pad (17), a pitch angle adjustment gear (18), and a pitch angle adjustment handle (19). The bottom of the support platform (1) is designed with a knurled chuck (1A) for clamping the lower part of the testing machine; one end of the support platform (1) is designed with a stop (1D) for installing the longitudinal horizontal adjustment drive shaft (3). The horizontal adjustment platform (5) also functions as a pitch angle adjustment base. The protruding boss (5E) serves as a pitch angle adjustment base. The longitudinal movement of the horizontal adjustment platform (5) is achieved by shaking the longitudinal horizontal adjustment drive shaft (3) through the horizontal longitudinal adjustment handle (2). The drive shaft fixing cover (4) has a stepped hole in the center. The top of the longitudinal horizontal adjustment drive shaft (3) is inserted into the stepped hole. The drive shaft fixing cover (4) is fixed to the stop (1D) of the support platform (1) with bolts. When the horizontal longitudinal adjustment handle (2) is shaken, the top of the longitudinal horizontal adjustment drive shaft (3) rotates in the stepped hole. The screw rotation drives the longitudinal movement of the horizontal adjustment platform (5). The pitch steering seat (6) is a dual-ear type; The lateral adjustment platform (7) is fixed to the pitch steering seat (6) by countersunk bolts, and the outer side is engraved with scale lines; A circular stepped hole is arranged in the center of the flipping platform (12), and a cylindrical rotating shaft is designed at the bottom of the rotating platform (11). The rotating shaft is inserted into the circular stepped hole in the center of the flipping platform (12), and a nut is screwed into the large hole to fix it. The boss (5E) extending from the horizontal adjustment platform (5) serves as the pitch angle adjustment base. From top to bottom, the pitch steering shaft hole (5A), the pitch angle adjustment fixing bolt hole (5B), and the pitch angle adjustment gear fixing hole (5C) are arranged in sequence. The stop block at the end of the horizontal adjustment platform (5) is designed with a threaded hole (5D). The pitch steering seat (6) has annular slots on both sides of the double ears, into which pitch angle adjustment fixing pads (17) are embedded. Pitch angle adjustment movable pads (14) are fitted on the outside of the pads. The contact surfaces of the pads and movable pads are designed with knurling. Pitch angle adjustment gears (18) are designed on the circumferential surfaces of the double ears. Shaking the pitch angle adjustment handle (19) drives the pitch angle adjustment gears (18) to rotate, thereby using gear transmission to drive the pitch steering seat (6) to adjust the pitch angle around the fixed axis (16) of the pitch steering seat. Angle scale lines are etched on the outer edges of the double ears. After adjusting to the target angle, the pitch angle adjustment fixing bolts (15) are inserted. After tightening the pitch angle adjustment fixing bolts, the pitch angle is positioned by the friction of the pads and movable pads. The horizontal position can be adjusted by the horizontal adjustment elongated hole (6D) on the pitch steering seat (6) platform. The horizontal adjustment platform (7) is designed with a double ear fork (7A) on one side to cooperate with the three ears of the tilting platform (12), and the tilting shaft is inserted in the middle. The horizontal adjustment platform (7) is designed with two bosses (7B) and (7C) on the other side, with positioning holes for non-tilting and tilting angle positioning holes respectively. The tilting platform (12) is also designed with two positioning holes. When there is no tilting, a positioning pin is inserted into the positioning hole for non-tilting. When there is tilting, the tilting platform (12) is adjusted to the target angle and then the positioning pin is inserted into the elongated hole of the tilting adjustment plate (13) and the tilting angle positioning hole of the horizontal adjustment platform (7). A worm gear (10) is arranged on the side of the flipping platform (12) to engage with the gear teeth on the circumference of the rotating platform (11); the rotating table adjustment handle (9) is cranked to drive the rotating platform (11) to rotate around the cylindrical rotating shaft using the worm gear transmission; angle scale lines are etched on the circumference of the rotating platform (11), and after adjusting to the target angle, bolts are inserted into the stepped groove holes around the rotating platform to fix it in the threaded holes reserved on the flipping platform to achieve positioning.

2. The universal loading gimbal for a uniaxial tensile / compression testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two rows of elongated holes (1B) are arranged on the support platform (1), and etching lines (1C) are engraved on both sides of the support platform (1) for precise adjustment of the longitudinal horizontal position.

3. The universal loading gimbal for a uniaxial tensile / compression testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, Four threaded holes are designed on the upper surface of the rotating platform (11). The test piece is fixed on the rotating platform by the adapter clamp for testing.

4. A method for tensile and compressive testing of a universal loading gimbal for a uniaxial tensile and compressive testing machine, wherein the method is implemented using a universal loading gimbal as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The tensile-compression test method includes: S1, assemble the following components together: support platform (1), horizontal longitudinal adjustment handle (2), longitudinal horizontal adjustment drive shaft (3), drive shaft fixing cover (4), horizontal adjustment platform (5), pitch steering seat (6), lateral adjustment platform (7), tilting table joint shaft (8), rotary table adjustment handle (9), rotary table adjustment worm gear (10), rotary platform (11), tilting platform (12), tilting angle adjustment plate (13), pitch angle adjustment movable shim (14), pitch angle adjustment fixing bolt (15), pitch steering seat fixing shaft (16), pitch angle adjustment fixing pad (17), pitch angle adjustment gear (18), and pitch angle adjustment handle (19). S2, clamp the assembled universal loading gimbal into the lower chuck of the uniaxial tension and compression testing machine and fix it; S3, the test piece is fixed to the rotating platform (11) with four bolts; S4, Adjust the angle of the test specimen as needed: S5, shake the pitch angle adjustment handle (19) to drive the pitch angle adjustment gear (18) and adjust the pitch angle of the test piece. After adjusting to the target angle, insert the pitch angle adjustment fixing bolt (15) into the pitch angle adjustment gear fixing hole (5C) of the horizontal adjustment platform (5). The pitch angle adjustment movable shim (14) is inserted into the pitch angle adjustment fixing bolt (15). The contact surface of the pitch angle adjustment movable shim (14) and the pitch angle adjustment fixing pad (17) is designed with knurling. After tightening the nut of the pitch angle adjustment fixing bolt (15), the pitch angle of the test piece is fixed by the friction between the pitch angle adjustment movable shim (14) and the pitch angle adjustment fixing pad (17). S6, crank the rotary table adjustment handle (9), drive the rotary platform (11) to rotate to the target angle through the cooperation of the rotary table adjustment worm (10) and the outer wheel of the rotary platform (11), and then tighten the rotary platform (11) with four bolts to fix the rotation angle; S7, lift the flip angle adjustment plate (13), adjust the flip angle of the test piece, and after adjusting to the target angle, insert bolts into the elongated hole of the flip angle adjustment plate (13) and the positioning hole of the transverse adjustment platform (7) to fix the flip angle; S8, thus realizing the angle adjustment and locking of the test piece in three directions in space; S9, calculate the horizontal and longitudinal positional deviations of the test specimen loading center position during the angle adjustment process; S10, adjust the horizontal position of the lateral adjustment platform (7) through the elongated hole of the pitch steering seat (6) to eliminate horizontal deviation; S11, shake the horizontal longitudinal adjustment handle (2) to adjust the position of the horizontal adjustment platform (5) through the longitudinal horizontal adjustment drive shaft (3) to eliminate the longitudinal horizontal deviation; S12, tighten all adjusting bolts and perform a tensile and compressive test.

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