Amorphous Porous Aluminum Alloy Material, Its Preparation Method and Application

Abstract

The present invention provides an amorphous porous aluminum alloy material, a preparation method and an application thereof. The composition of the amorphous porous aluminum alloy material is Al 70 (CuCo x ) 20 (TiCo y )9(Sc / Er)1, where x is from 1 to 4 and y is from 1 to 2. A plurality of holes are uniformly distributed inside, the diameter of the holes is 400 - 700 μm, the porosity is 45 - 60%, and the density is 1.6 - 2.0 g / m 3 . The amorphous porous aluminum alloy material has a metal matrix composite foam preparation process with strong designability and a low error tolerance rate in the production process. It not only has a high density and porosity, but also the hole sizes are relatively uniform. It can absorb energy through the collapse of dense holes, and thus has a high impact absorption and buffer protection function. Moreover, the dense holes can increase the thermal resistance of the interface, reduce the heat conduction performance, and at the same time have a low density and excellent mechanical properties such as specific strength and specific stiffness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of metal materials, and in particular, to an amorphous porous aluminum alloy material, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] In terms of dynamic impact resistance, metallic foam materials can effectively absorb impact energy. In particular, hollow sphere composite metallic foam materials have great application prospects in the fields of military explosion protection and aerospace. Traditional composite metallic foam materials are closed-cell metallic foams prepared by melt foaming method, melt gas blowing method, or powder compaction melting foaming method, etc. The pore shapes are not regular enough, and the mechanical properties are relatively low. If hollow spheres of various different materials and particle sizes and materials for increasing viscosity coexist in the matrix, the stacking mode of the hollow spheres needs to be kept unchanged during the infiltration process, resulting in high equipment costs and great operation difficulties.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to further develop a preparation process for metal matrix composite foams with controllable microsphere pore diameters, high specific strength / stiffness, strong designability, and low production process error tolerance. At the same time, the particle size and uniformity of the internal pores are improved, so that the material has a high elastic modulus to absorb impact work and buffer protection effects, and has a high interfacial thermal resistance to reduce the heat conduction performance of the composite material, and expand its application in the fields of dynamic impact and heat insulation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main object of the present invention is to provide an amorphous porous aluminum alloy material, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof, so as to solve the problems of uncontrollable microsphere pore diameters, low specific strength / stiffness, and high heat conduction performance existing in metal matrix composite foams in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, an amorphous porous aluminum alloy material is provided. The composition of the aluminum alloy material is Al 70 (CuCo x ) 20 (TiCo y )9(Sc / Er)1, where x ranges from 1 to 4, and y ranges from 1 to 2. A plurality of pores are uniformly distributed inside, the diameter of the pores is 400 - 700 μm, and the porosity of the aluminum alloy material is 45 - 60%, and the density is 1.6 - 2.0 g / m 3 .

[0006] To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, a preparation method of an amorphous porous aluminum alloy material includes the following steps: Step S1, providing aluminum alloy amorphous powder, coating the aluminum alloy amorphous powder on the surface of a spherical pore-forming agent to form an aluminum alloy coating layer, and obtaining nano-amorphous composite hollow spheres; wherein, the composition of the aluminum alloy amorphous powder is Al 70 (CuCo x) 20 (TiCo y )9(Sc / Er) where the range of x is from 1 to 4, the range of y is from 1 to 2, the particle size of the spherical pore former is 400 - 700 μm, and its component is an organic substance; Step S2, calcine the nano - amorphous composite hollow spheres to remove the spherical pore former, obtaining a hollow metal sphere green body; Step S3, perform melting and sintering on the hollow metal sphere green body to obtain an aluminum - based hollow metal sphere; Step S4, place multiple said aluminum - based hollow metal spheres into a mold, and pour the molten master alloy material into the mold, followed by rapid cooling and solidification to obtain an amorphous porous aluminum alloy material; wherein, the component of the master alloy material is the same as that of the aluminum alloy amorphous powder.

[0007] Further, in Step S1, the material of the spherical pore former is an organic polymer.

[0008] Further, in Step S1, the material of the spherical pore former is at least one of polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene or polyurethane.

[0009] Further, in Step S1, a coupling agent and optionally a dispersant are attached to the surface of the spherical pore former. The coupling agent includes at least one of KH550, KH560 or KH570, and the dispersant includes at least one of potassium lignosulfonate, potassium polynaphthylbenzenesulfonate or potassium polystyrenesulfonate.

[0010] Further, the mass of the coupling agent is 5 - 10% of the mass of the spherical pore former.

[0011] Further, the dosage of the dispersant is 1 - 3% of the mass of the aluminum alloy amorphous powder.

[0012] Further, in Step S2, the calcination temperature is 300 - 450 °C and the time is 20 - 30 min.

[0013] Further, in Step S2, the heating rate to the calcination temperature is 1 - 3 °C / min.

[0014] Further, in Step S3, the melting and sintering temperature is 550 - 650 °C and the time is 5 - 10 min.

[0015] Further, in Step S3, the melting and sintering is carried out under the protection of an inert gas.

[0016] Further, in Step S3, the inert gas includes at least one of helium, nitrogen or argon.

[0017] Further, before the melting and sintering in Step S3, first evacuate to a vacuum degree ≤ 10 -3 Pa, then introduce the inert gas to atmospheric pressure, and then perform the melting and sintering.

[0018] Further, the heating rate for heating to the temperature of melting sintering in step S3 is 10-20 °C / min.

[0019] Further, in step S4, first, a binder is used to bond multiple said aluminum-based hollow metal balls to obtain a stack of aluminum-based hollow metal balls, and then the stack of aluminum-based hollow balls is placed into a mold.

[0020] Further, the binder includes at least one of polyvinyl alcohol solution, ethyl silicate solution, or polyacrylamide solution.

[0021] Further, the mass of the binder is 10-20% of the mass of the aluminum-based hollow alloy balls.

[0022] Further, in step S4, the casting is carried out under the condition that the vacuum degree is 10 -2 ~10 -3 MPa.

[0023] Further, the pressure of the casting is 30-40 MPa.

[0024] Further, the time of rapid cooling is 1-3 s.

[0025] Further, the rapid cooling is carried out by means of copper mold cooling.

[0026] Further, the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy amorphous powder to the master alloy material is 10-20:90-80.

[0027] Further, the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy amorphous powder to the master alloy material is 10-15:90-85.

[0028] Further, the particle size of the aluminum alloy amorphous powder is 0.5-10 μm.

[0029] Further, the aluminum alloy amorphous powder is obtained by subjecting granular aluminum-based alloy to ball milling and ultra-fine treatment in sequence.

[0030] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an application of an amorphous porous aluminum alloy material or an amorphous aluminum alloy material obtained by the preparation method of the amorphous porous aluminum alloy material in the fields of military explosion protection or aerospace.

[0031] Applying the technical solution of the present application, the composition provided by the present application is Al 70 (CuCo x ) 20 (TiCo y)9(Sc / Er)1 amorphous porous aluminum alloy material, with multiple holes with a particle size of 400 - 700 μm uniformly distributed inside. It not only has a high density and porosity, but also the hole sizes are relatively uniform. It can absorb energy through the collapse of dense holes, and thus has a high impact absorption and buffer protection function. Moreover, the dense holes can increase the thermal resistance at the interface, reduce the heat conduction performance, and at the same time has a low density and excellent mechanical properties such as specific strength and specific stiffness. Detailed implementation mode

[0032] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in this application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0033] As analyzed in the background technology of this application, the composite foam metal materials prepared by traditional melt foaming method, melt blowing method or powder compaction melting foaming method have problems such as uncontrollable microsphere pore diameter, low specific strength / stiffness and high heat conduction performance. To solve this problem, this application provides an amorphous porous aluminum alloy material and its preparation method and application.

[0034] In a typical implementation mode of this application, an amorphous porous aluminum alloy material is provided. The composition of this aluminum alloy material is Al 70 (CuCo x ) 20 (TiCo y )9(Sc / Er)1, where x ranges from 1 to 4 and y ranges from 1 to 2 (such as 1 or 2, etc.). Multiple holes are uniformly distributed inside the aluminum alloy material. The diameter of the holes is 400 - 700 μm, and the porosity of the aluminum alloy material is 45 - 60%, and the density is 1.6 - 2.0 g / m 3 .

[0035] The above Al 70 (CuCo x ) 20 (TiCo y )9(Sc / Er)1 refers to Al 70 (CuCo x ) 20 (TiCo y )9Sc and / or Al 70 (CuCo x ) 20 (TiCo y )9Er.

[0036] In the above amorphous porous aluminum alloy material, x is, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4 or a range value composed of any two numerical values; y is, for example, 1, 2 or a range value composed of any two numerical values; the diameter of the pores is, for example, 400μm, 500μm, 600μm, 700μm or a range value composed of any two numerical values; the porosity of the aluminum alloy material is, for example, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60% or a range value composed of any two numerical values; the density is 1.6g / m 3 、1.7g / m 3 、1.8g / m 3 、1.9g / m 3 、2.0g / m 3 or a range value composed of any two numerical values.

[0037] Applying the technical solution of the present application, the composition provided by the present application is Al 70 (CuCo x ) 20 (TiCo y )9(Sc / Er)1 amorphous porous aluminum alloy material, in which a plurality of pores with a particle size of 400-700μm are uniformly distributed inside. It not only has a high density and porosity, but also the pore sizes are relatively uniform, can absorb energy through the collapse of dense pores, and thus has a high impact absorption work and buffer protection function. And the dense pores can increase the thermal resistance of the interface, reduce the heat conduction performance, and at the same time have a low density, and have excellent mechanical properties such as specific strength and specific stiffness.

[0038] In another typical embodiment of the present application, a preparation method of an amorphous porous aluminum alloy material is provided. The preparation method includes: Step S1, providing an aluminum alloy amorphous powder, coating the aluminum alloy amorphous powder on the surface of a spherical pore-forming agent to form an aluminum alloy coating layer, and obtaining a nano-amorphous composite hollow sphere; wherein, the composition of the aluminum alloy amorphous powder is Al 70 (CuCo x ) 20 (TiCo y )9(Sc / Er)1, where x ranges from 1 to 4 and y ranges from 1 to 2; the particle size of the spherical pore-forming agent is 400-700μm and its material is an organic substance; Step S2, calcining the nano-amorphous composite hollow sphere to remove the spherical pore-forming agent to obtain a hollow metal sphere green body; Step S3, performing melt sintering on the hollow metal sphere green body to obtain an aluminum-based hollow metal sphere; Step S4, putting a plurality of aluminum-based hollow metal balls into a mold, and pouring the molten master alloy material into the mold, and rapidly cooling and solidifying to obtain an amorphous porous aluminum alloy material, wherein the composition of the master alloy material is the same as that of the aluminum alloy amorphous powder, Al 70 (CuCo x ) 20 (TiCo y)9(Sc / Er)1 has the same meaning as in the first typical embodiment and will not be elaborated here.

[0039] In this application, first, an aluminum alloy amorphous powder is coated on the surface of a spherical pore former to form an aluminum alloy coating layer, then it is calcined to remove the spherical pore former, and then melt sintering is carried out to improve the density of the aluminum-based hollow metal sphere shell. Finally, the amorphous porous aluminum alloy material is prepared by the rapid quenching casting method. On the one hand, it avoids the deformation and collapse of the aluminum-based hollow metal sphere during the infiltration process of the master alloy material, improves the interfacial bonding between the aluminum-based hollow metal sphere and the molten master alloy material, and improves the mechanical properties such as specific strength / stiffness of the amorphous porous aluminum alloy material. On the other hand, it improves the density of the pore packing of the amorphous porous aluminum alloy material, thereby reducing the thermal conductivity of the amorphous porous aluminum alloy material and improving its impact energy absorption and buffer protection performance, having great advantages and application prospects in the fields of anti-impact and heat insulation.

[0040] In addition, the preparation method of the amorphous porous aluminum alloy material provided by this application has a simple process, is easy to operate, is easy to realize large-scale production, and reduces production costs.

[0041] In this application, in step S1, the composition of the aluminum alloy amorphous powder is Al 70 (CuCo x ) 20 (TiCo y )9(Sc / Er)1, where x ranges from 1 to 4 and y ranges from 1 to 2. Preferably, the particle size of the aluminum alloy amorphous powder is 0.5 to 10 μm (such as 0.5 μm, 1 μm, 2 μm, 4 μm, 6 μm, 8 μm, 10 μm), which is beneficial to the uniform thickness at each position in the aluminum alloy coating layer formed on the surface of the spherical pore former and to form an aluminum-based hollow metal sphere with a uniform shell layer thickness during the subsequent melt sintering process.

[0042] In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy amorphous powder is obtained by successively ball milling and ultrafine processing of granular aluminum-based alloy. The composition of the massive aluminum-based alloy is the same as that of the aluminum alloy amorphous powder and will not be elaborated here. In some specific embodiments, the process of ball milling is as follows: The granular aluminum-based alloy is loaded into a ball milling tank and sealed, the ball-to-material ratio is 10 to 15:1, the rotation speed is controlled at 100 to 200 rpm, and ball milling is carried out for 3 to 5 h. Then, under the protection of an inert gas, mechanical powder ultrafine processing is carried out, the rotation speed is controlled at 300 to 500 rpm, and ball milling is carried out for 15 to 20 h to obtain the aluminum alloy amorphous powder.

[0043] The material of the above spherical pore-forming agent is an organic substance, which is beneficial to removing it during subsequent calcination to form a hollow metal sphere green body with a pore diameter of 400-700 μm. Preferably, the material of the spherical pore-forming agent is an organic polymer, including but not limited to at least one of polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene or polyurethane.

[0044] In order to further improve the pore size uniformity and pore shape regularity of the amorphous porous aluminum alloy material, in some embodiments, the preparation method of the above spherical pore-forming agent includes: grinding the polymer spherical particles to obtain a spherical pore-forming agent with a particle size of 400-700 μm and a smooth and round surface.

[0045] In order to enhance the adhesion between the aluminum alloy amorphous powder and the spherical pore-forming agent, it is preferred that the surface of the spherical pore-forming agent is attached with a coupling agent. The specific type of the coupling agent is not limited, and any coupling agent that can connect the organic polymer and the metal can be used, including but not limited to at least one of KH550 (γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane), KH560 (γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane) or KH570 (γ-(methacryloyloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane) silane coupling agents. Based on the mass of the spherical pore-forming agent, when the mass of the coupling agent is 5-10% (such as 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%) of the mass of the spherical pore-forming agent, the coupling efficiency is better.

[0046] In some embodiments, an automatic coater is used to coat the aluminum alloy amorphous powder on the surface of the spherical pore-forming agent. In order to avoid the spherical pore-forming agents from sticking to each other, it is preferred that the surface of the spherical pore-forming agent is also attached with a dispersant to improve the operating performance and have good effects such as strengthening and preventing cracking. On the one hand, it is to avoid the agglomeration of the spherical pore-forming agents, and on the other hand, it is to avoid the uneven coating or cracking of the aluminum alloy amorphous powder during the coating process on the surface of the spherical pore-forming agent. The specific type of the dispersant is not limited, and any dispersant commonly used in the art can be used, including but not limited to at least one of potassium lignosulfonate, polymeric naphthylbenzenesulfonate or potassium polystyrenesulfonate. Based on the mass of the spherical pore-forming agent, when the dosage of the dispersant is 1-3% (such as 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%) of the mass of the spherical pore-forming agent, the dispersion efficiency is better.

[0047] In some embodiments, in the above step S1, the type of the coating device used in the coating process is not limited. The coating equipment used in this application is the rolling device of an automatic coater, with a rotation speed range of 30-50 r / min and a coating time of 10-20 min, ensuring that the aluminum alloy amorphous powder can be evenly coated on the surface of the spherical pore-forming agent.

[0048] In the above step S2, in order to improve the calcination efficiency, in some embodiments, the preferred calcination temperature is 300 - 450°C, and the time is 20 - 30 min. The calcination temperature can be, for example, 300°C, 350°C, 400°C, 450°C, or a range value composed of any two values. Controlling the calcination within this range can completely remove the spherical pore former during the calcination process to form a hollow metal sphere green body. If the temperature is too low or the calcination time is too short, part of the spherical pore former will remain during the calcination process, affecting the mechanical properties of the amorphous porous aluminum alloy material. If the calcination temperature is too high or the calcination time is too long, it will cause waste of energy consumption. The equipment used in the above calcination process is a common high-temperature equipment. In some specific embodiments, a muffle furnace is used for calcination. The preferred heating rate to the calcination temperature is 1 - 3°C / min to further control the structural stability of the hollow metal sphere green body.

[0049] In some embodiments, in order to ensure that the obtained aluminum-based hollow metal sphere green body has no agglomeration, a complete morphology, and meets the requirements of the amorphous porous aluminum alloy material for pores, the hollow metal sphere green body obtained in step S2 is screened. After cooling the hollow metal sphere green body to room temperature, it is put into a solution for dispersion washing. Since ethanol has low toxicity to itself, is cheap and easy to obtain, ethanol is preferably used as the washing solution. To ensure sufficient dispersion washing, the hollow metal sphere green body is stirred in the ethanol solvent for 5 - 10 min, and the stirring rate is 10 - 20 r / min to wash out the hollow metal sphere green body without agglomeration and with a complete morphology for standby.

[0050] In step S3, the hollow metal sphere green body is subjected to melting sintering to make the shell layer denser, thereby enhancing the strength of the formed aluminum-based hollow metal sphere and avoiding its deformation and collapse during the subsequent pouring and infiltration process of the master alloy material. At the same time, it can also improve the interfacial bonding between the hollow metal sphere and the molten master alloy material. In some embodiments of the present application, in order to further improve the efficiency of melting sintering, the preferred melting sintering temperature is 550 - 650°C (such as 550°C, 580°C, 600°C, 620°C, 650°C), and the time is 5 - 10 min (such as 5 min, 6 min, 7 min, 8 min, 9 min, 10 min).

[0051] The equipment used for melting sintering in step S3 is a common equipment in the art. In some embodiments, a vacuum heating furnace is used for the above melting sintering. Compared with a muffle furnace, a vacuum heating furnace can evacuate and fill inert gas to avoid bringing impurities into the furnace or the air.

[0052] To avoid introducing impurities during the melting and sintering process, it is preferred that the melting and sintering be carried out under the protection of an inert gas, and the inert gas includes but is not limited to at least one of helium, nitrogen or argon. To further improve the structural stability and shell layer compactness of the aluminum-based hollow metal spheres, it is preferred that before melting and sintering, the vacuum is first pumped to a vacuum degree ≤ 10 -3 Pa, then an inert gas is introduced to normal pressure, and then melting and sintering is carried out. It is preferred that the heating rate for heating to the melting and sintering temperature is 10 - 20 °C / min.

[0053] The mold in step S4 is not limited. In some embodiments, a mold made of alumina is used, and the inner hole size of the alumina mold is preferably 30 - 50 mm.

[0054] To further improve the mechanical strength of the amorphous porous aluminum alloy material, it is preferred that in step S4, the casting is carried out under a vacuum degree of 10 -2 ~10 -3 MPa, that is, the amorphous porous aluminum alloy material is prepared by the vacuum rapid quenching casting method. On the one hand, it avoids the deformation and collapse of the aluminum-based hollow metal spheres during the infiltration process, improves the interfacial bonding between the aluminum-based hollow metal sphere and the molten master alloy material, and improves the mechanical properties such as specific strength / stiffness of the amorphous porous aluminum alloy material. On the other hand, it improves the density of the pore packing of the amorphous porous aluminum alloy material, thereby reducing the thermal conductivity of the amorphous porous aluminum alloy material, improving the performance of absorbing impact energy and buffering protection, and at the same time can also avoid the formation of crystals during the cooling process of the master alloy material, which affects the mechanical properties.

[0055] To further improve the casting efficiency, in some embodiments, it is preferred that the casting pressure is 30 - 40 MPa (such as 30 MPa, 32 MPa, 35 MPa, 38 MPa, 40 MPa). Excessive pressure will cause the aluminum-based hollow metal spheres to collapse and break, and too small pressure will cause the molten master alloy material not to be injected into the mold quickly. Controlling the casting pressure within this range can further improve the composite quality and service performance of the amorphous porous aluminum alloy material.

[0056] To avoid crystallization during the cooling and solidification process of the master alloy material, which affects the function of the amorphous porous aluminum alloy material, it is necessary to quickly cool the master alloy material. It is preferred that the time for rapid cooling is 1 - 3 s; the specific cooling method is not limited, including but not limited to rapid cooling by air cooling, water cooling or copper mold cooling.

[0057] Due to the relatively low density of the aluminum-based hollow metal spheres, during the process of pouring the molten master alloy material into the mold, the aluminum-based hollow metal spheres may float, affecting the uniformity of the internal pores of the produced amorphous porous aluminum alloy material. In order to further improve the uniformity of the internal pores of the amorphous porous aluminum alloy material, in some embodiments, to prevent the aluminum-based hollow metal spheres from floating during pouring, a plurality of aluminum-based hollow metal spheres are first bonded using a binder to obtain a stack of aluminum-based hollow metal spheres, and then the stack of aluminum-based hollow metal spheres is placed into the mold. The volume of the stack of aluminum-based hollow metal spheres is adapted to the inner hole of the mold, enabling the molten master alloy material to fully fill the gaps between the aluminum-based hollow metal spheres, ensuring the maximum volume fraction of the hollow spheres in the stacked state. The specific type of the above-mentioned binder is not limited and includes at least one of polyvinyl alcohol solution, ethyl silicate solution, or polyacrylamide solution. When polyvinyl alcohol solution is used as the binder, its concentration is generally 3-30%; when polyacrylamide solution is used, its concentration is generally 0.5-1.0%; when ethyl silicate solution is used, its concentration is generally 32-50%; and the mass of the binder is 10-20% of the mass of the aluminum alloy spheres.

[0058] The dosage of the above-mentioned binder is not specifically limited. To further improve the adhesion strength between the aluminum alloy spheres, it is preferred that the dosage of the binder is 10-20% of the mass of the aluminum alloy spheres (such as 10%, 12%, 15%, 18%, 20%).

[0059] To further improve the density of the pore packing in the above-mentioned amorphous porous alloy material, it is preferred that the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy amorphous powder used to prepare the aluminum alloy hollow metal spheres to the master alloy material used for pouring is 10-20:90-80. Especially when the ratio is 10-15:90-85, the prepared amorphous porous alloy material has more excellent mechanical properties.

[0060] Typical but non-limiting, the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy amorphous powder to the master alloy material is, for example, 10:90, 12:88, 15:85, 18:82, 20:80, or a range value composed of any two numerical values.

[0061] In the third typical embodiment of the present application, an application of the amorphous porous aluminum alloy material provided in the first typical embodiment or the amorphous porous aluminum alloy material obtained by the preparation method provided in the second typical embodiment in the fields of military explosion protection or aerospace is provided.

[0062] The amorphous porous aluminum alloy material provided by this application not only has a relatively high density and porosity, but also has relatively uniform pore sizes. It can absorb energy through the collapse of dense pores, and thus has a relatively high impact absorption work and buffer protection function. Moreover, the dense pores can increase the thermal resistance at the interface, reduce the thermal conductivity, and at the same time have a relatively low density, excellent specific strength and specific stiffness and other mechanical properties, and have broad application prospects in the fields of military explosion protection or aerospace.

[0063] The beneficial effects of this application will be further described below in conjunction with examples and comparative examples.

[0064] Example 1

[0065] This example provides an amorphous porous aluminum alloy material, the composition of which is Al 70 (CuCo1) 20 (TiCo3)9Sc, with multiple pores uniformly distributed inside, the diameter of the pores is 500 - 700 μm, and it is prepared according to the following steps:

[0066] 1) Put the granular aluminum-based alloy with the composition of Al 70 (CuCo1) 20 (TiCo3)9Sc into a ball milling tank and seal it. The ball-to-material ratio is 10:1, control the rotation speed at 150 rpm, ball mill for 5 h, and take out 85% of the master alloy material for standby; the remaining material is mechanically ultra-fine pulverized under the protection of helium inert gas, and ball mill for 20 h at a rotation speed of 350 rpm to obtain aluminum alloy amorphous powder with a particle size of 8 μm;

[0067] 2) Conduct multi-stage grinding treatment on polyvinyl chloride spherical particles to prepare spherical pore-forming agents with a particle size between 500 - 700 μm and a round surface. Use KH550 coupling agent for surface modification of the spherical pore-forming agent (the addition amount is 5% of the mass of the spherical pore-forming agent), and at the same time add a small amount of lignosulfonate dispersant (the addition amount is 3% of the mass of the aluminum alloy amorphous powder) for surface treatment to obtain spherical pore-forming agents with a coupling agent and a dispersant attached to the surface;

[0068] 3) Put the aluminum alloy amorphous powder and the spherical pore-forming agent with a coupling agent and a dispersant attached to the surface into an automatic coater, and the nano-amorphous alloy powder is coated on the surface of the spherical pore-forming agent (with a coupling agent and a dispersant attached to the surface) through a nozzle, and nano-amorphous composite hollow spheres are obtained by rolling coating. Among them, the rolling speed of the automatic coater is 30 r / min, and the coating time is 20 min;

[0069] 4) After drying the nano-amorphous composite hollow spheres, place them in a muffle furnace and heat them at a heating rate of 1 °C / min to 350 °C, hold for 30 min for calcination treatment to remove the spherical pore-forming agent, and obtain a green body of hollow metal spheres. After cooling the green body of hollow metal spheres to room temperature, put them into ethanol for dispersion washing, stir for 5 min, and the stirring rate is 20 r / min to wash out the hollow metal sphere green embryos without agglomeration and with complete morphology;

[0070] 5) After drying the washed hollow sphere green embryos, put them into a vacuum heating furnace, evacuate to a vacuum degree of ≤1.0×10 - 3 Pa, then introduce helium gas to normal pressure, heat at a rate of 10 °C / min to 650 °C and carry out melting sintering for 10 min to obtain aluminum-based hollow metal spheres, and then cool them with the furnace;

[0071] 6) Put the cooled aluminum-based hollow metal spheres into the inner hole of a metal copper mold. The inner hole size of the metal copper mold is And bond multiple aluminum-based hollow metal spheres together through a 5% mass concentration polyvinyl alcohol solution binder to form a stack of aluminum-based hollow metal spheres (the dosage of this polyvinyl alcohol solution binder is 10% of the mass of the aluminum-based hollow metal spheres). The shape of this stack of aluminum-based hollow metal spheres fits the inner hole of the mold, so that the aluminum-based hollow metal spheres are evenly distributed in the inner hole of the mold;

[0072] 7) Put the metal copper mold into an eddy current stirring vacuum casting system, and keep the relative vacuum degree in the eddy current stirring vacuum casting system at 10 -3 MPa; After melting the 85% mass of the master alloy material taken out in step 1), pour it into the inner hole of the mold containing aluminum-based hollow metal spheres in step 6) at a seepage pressure of 40 MPa. The master alloy material quickly cools and solidifies in this metal copper mold within 3 s to obtain this amorphous porous aluminum alloy material.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] This example provides an amorphous porous aluminum alloy material, whose composition is Al 70 (CuCo2) 20 (TiCo2)9Er, with multiple holes evenly distributed inside, and the diameter of the holes is 400 - 600 μm. It is prepared according to the following steps:

[0075] 1) The composition is Al 70 (CuCo2) 20(TiCo2)9Er granular aluminum-based alloy was put into a ball milling jar and sealed. The ball-to-material ratio was 15:1. The rotation speed was controlled at 200 rpm and ball milled for 4 h. 86% of the master alloy material was taken out for standby; the remaining material was mechanically ultrafine pulverized under the protection of helium inert gas, ball milled at a rotation speed of 400 rpm for 16 h to obtain aluminum alloy amorphous powder with a particle size of 2 μm;

[0076] 2) The polystyrene spherical particles were subjected to multi-stage grinding treatment to prepare spherical pore-forming agents with a particle size between 400 and 600 μm and a round surface. KH560 coupling agent was used for surface modification of the spherical pore-forming agent (the addition amount was 6% of the mass of the spherical pore-forming agent). At the same time, a small amount of poly(naphthylbenzenesulfonic acid) potassium dispersant (the addition amount was 2% of the mass of the aluminum alloy amorphous powder) was added for surface treatment to obtain spherical pore-forming agents with coupling agent and dispersant attached to the surface;

[0077] 3) The aluminum alloy amorphous powder and the spherical pore-forming agent with coupling agent and dispersant attached to the surface were put into an automatic coater. The nano-amorphous alloy powder was coated onto the surface of the spherical pore-forming agent (with coupling agent and dispersant attached to the surface) through a nozzle, and nano-amorphous composite hollow spheres were obtained by rolling coating. The rolling speed of the automatic coater was 40 r / min and the coating time was 15 min;

[0078] 4) The nano-amorphous composite hollow spheres were dried and then put into a muffle furnace, and the temperature was raised at a rate of 3 °C / min to remove the polymer spherical pore-forming agent material. The heating rate was 3 °C / min, and the temperature was raised to 300 °C and kept for 25 min for calcination treatment to remove the spherical pore-forming agent to obtain a hollow metal sphere green body; after the hollow metal sphere green body was cooled to room temperature, it was put into ethanol for dispersion washing, stirred for 6 min, and the stirring rate was 15 r / min to wash out the hollow metal sphere green body without agglomeration and with a complete morphology;

[0079] 5) The washed-out hollow sphere green body was dried and then put into a vacuum heating furnace, evacuated to a vacuum degree of ≤1.0×10 - 3 Pa, and then helium gas was introduced to normal pressure, and it was heated to 600 °C at a rate of 15 °C / min for melting sintering for 10 min to obtain aluminum-based hollow metal spheres and then cooled with the furnace;

[0080] 6) The cooled aluminum-based hollow metal spheres were put into the inner hole of a metal copper mold. The inner hole size of the metal copper mold was And multiple aluminum-based hollow metal spheres were adhered together by adding ethyl silicate solution binder to form an aluminum-based hollow metal sphere stack (the dosage of the 40% mass concentration ethyl silicate solution binder was 15% of the mass of the aluminum-based hollow metal spheres). The shape of the aluminum-based hollow metal sphere stack was adapted to the inner hole of the mold, so that the aluminum-based hollow metal spheres were evenly distributed in the inner hole of the mold;

[0081] 7) Place the metal copper mold into the eddy current stirring vacuum casting system, and maintain the relative vacuum degree in the eddy current stirring vacuum casting system at 10 -3 MPa; After melting the master alloy material with a mass of 86% taken out in step 1), pour it into the inner hole of the mold containing aluminum-based hollow metal balls in step 6) with a seepage pressure of 30 MPa. The master alloy material rapidly cools and solidifies within 3 s in this metal copper mold to obtain this amorphous porous aluminum alloy material.

[0082] Example 3

[0083] This example provides an amorphous porous aluminum alloy material, whose composition is Al 70 (CuCo3) 20 (TiCo2)9Sc, with multiple holes uniformly distributed inside, and the diameter of the holes is 450 - 650 μm. It is prepared according to the following steps:

[0084] 1) Put the granular aluminum-based alloy with the composition of Al 70 (CuCo3) 20 (TiCo2)9Sc into the ball mill jar and seal it. The ball-to-material ratio is 12:1, control the rotation speed at 200 rpm, and ball mill for 3 h. Take out 88% of the master alloy material for standby; the remaining material is mechanically ultrafine pulverized under the protection of helium inert gas, and ball mill at a rotation speed of 450 rpm for 16 h to obtain aluminum alloy amorphous powder material with a particle size of 5 μm;

[0085] 2) Conduct multi-stage grinding treatment on the polyurethane spherical pore-forming agent to prepare a spherical pore-forming agent with a particle size between 450 - 650 μm and a round surface. Use KH570 coupling agent for surface modification of the spherical pore-forming agent (the addition amount is 8% of the mass of the spherical pore-forming agent), and at the same time add a small amount of potassium polystyrene sulfonate dispersant (the addition amount is 2% of the mass of the aluminum alloy amorphous powder) for surface treatment to obtain a spherical pore-forming agent with a coupling agent and a dispersant attached to its surface;

[0086] 3) Put the aluminum alloy amorphous powder and the spherical pore-forming agent with a coupling agent and a dispersant attached to its surface into an automatic coater. The nano-amorphous alloy powder is coated onto the surface of the spherical pore-forming agent (with a coupling agent and a dispersant attached to its surface) through the nozzle, and nano-amorphous composite hollow spheres are obtained by rolling coating. Among them, the rolling speed of the automatic coater is 50 r / min, and the coating time is 20 min;

[0087] 4) After drying the nano - amorphous hollow spheres, place them in a muffle furnace and heat them at a heating rate of 2 °C / min to 450 °C, hold for 20 min for calcination to remove the spherical pore - forming agent, and obtain a green body of hollow metal spheres; after cooling the green body of hollow metal spheres to room temperature, place them in ethanol for dispersion washing, stir for 8 min at a stirring rate of 10 r / min, and wash out the non - agglomerated and morphologically complete green body of hollow metal spheres;

[0088] 5) After drying the washed - out green body of hollow spheres, place it in a vacuum heating furnace, evacuate to a vacuum degree of ≤1.0×10 - 3 Pa, then introduce helium gas to atmospheric pressure, heat at a rate of 15 °C / min to 650 °C and carry out melt sintering for 10 min to obtain aluminum - based hollow metal spheres, and then cool them with the furnace;

[0089] 6) Place the cooled aluminum - based hollow metal spheres into the inner hole of a metal copper mold with an inner hole size of φ35 mm, and bond multiple aluminum - based hollow metal spheres together through a polyacrylamide solution binder to form a stacked body of aluminum - based hollow metal spheres (the dosage of the 0.6% mass concentration polyacrylamide solution binder is 15% of the mass of the aluminum - based hollow metal spheres). The shape of the stacked body of aluminum - based hollow metal spheres fits the inner hole of the mold, so that the aluminum - based hollow metal spheres are evenly distributed in the inner hole of the mold;

[0090] 7) Place the metal copper mold into an eddy - current stirring vacuum casting system. In the eddy - current stirring vacuum casting system, maintain the relative vacuum degree in the eddy - current stirring vacuum casting system at 1.0×10 -3 MPa; melt the mother alloy material with a mass of 88% taken out in step 1), and then pour it into the inner hole of the mold containing aluminum - based hollow metal spheres in step 6) at a seepage pressure of 35 MPa. The mother alloy material quickly cools and solidifies in the metal copper mold within 3 s to obtain an amorphous porous aluminum alloy material.

[0091] Example 4

[0092] This example provides an amorphous porous aluminum alloy material with a composition of Al 70 (CuCo1) 20 (TiCo3)9Er, with multiple holes evenly distributed inside, and the diameter of the holes is 500 - 700 μm. It is prepared according to the following steps:

[0093] 1) The composition is Al 70 (CuCo4) 20(TiCo1)9Er granular aluminum-based alloy is put into a ball milling jar and sealed. The ball-to-material ratio is 15:1. The rotation speed is controlled at 200 rpm, and ball milling is carried out for 3 h. 90% of the master alloy material is taken out for standby; the remaining material is mechanically super-refined under the protection of helium inert gas. Ball milling is carried out at a rotation speed of 300 rpm for 20 h to obtain aluminum alloy amorphous powder with a particle size of 8 μm;

[0094] 2) The polystyrene spherical particle material is subjected to multi-stage grinding treatment to prepare spherical pore-forming agents with a particle size between 500 and 700 μm and a round surface. The surface of the spherical pore-forming agent is modified with KH550 coupling agent (the addition amount is 10% of the mass of the spherical pore-forming agent). At the same time, a small amount of poly-naphthylbenzenesulfonate dispersant is added (the addition amount is 1% of the mass of the aluminum alloy amorphous powder) for surface treatment to obtain spherical pore-forming agents with coupling agent and dispersant attached to the surface;

[0095] 3) The aluminum alloy amorphous powder and the spherical pore-forming agent with coupling agent and dispersant attached to the surface are put into an automatic coater. The nano-amorphous alloy powder is coated onto the surface of the spherical pore-forming agent (with coupling agent and dispersant attached to the surface) through a nozzle, and nano-amorphous composite hollow spheres are obtained by rolling coating. The rolling speed of the automatic coater is 50 r / min, and the coating time is 10 min;

[0096] 4) The nano-amorphous hollow sphere green body is dried and then put into a muffle furnace. It is heated to 300 °C at a heating rate of 3 °C / min and kept for 30 min for calcination treatment to remove the spherical pore-forming agent, obtaining a hollow metal sphere green body; after the hollow metal sphere green body is cooled to room temperature, it is put into ethanol for dispersion washing. Stir for 10 min at a stirring rate of 15 r / min to wash out the hollow metal sphere green body without agglomeration and with a complete morphology;

[0097] 5) The washed-out hollow sphere green body is dried and then put into a vacuum heating furnace. It is pumped to a vacuum degree of ≤1.0×10 - 3 Pa, and then helium gas is introduced to normal pressure. It is heated to 550 °C at a rate of 20 °C / min and subjected to melting sintering for 10 min to obtain aluminum-based hollow metal spheres, which are then cooled with the furnace;

[0098] 6) The cooled aluminum-based hollow metal spheres are put into the inner hole of a metal copper mold. The inner hole size of the metal copper mold is φ50 mm, and multiple aluminum-based hollow metal spheres are adhered together through a polyvinyl alcohol solution binder to form an aluminum-based hollow metal sphere stack (the dosage of the 5% mass concentration polyvinyl alcohol solution binder is 20% of the mass of the aluminum-based hollow metal spheres). The shape of the aluminum-based hollow metal sphere stack is adapted to the inner hole of the mold, so that the aluminum-based hollow metal spheres are evenly distributed in the inner hole of the mold;

[0099] 7) Place the metallic copper mold into the eddy current stirring vacuum casting system, and maintain the relative vacuum degree in the eddy current stirring vacuum casting system at ≤ 1.0×10 -2 MPa; After melting 90% of the master alloy material taken out in step 1), pour it into the inner hole of the mold containing aluminum-based hollow metal balls in step 6) with a seepage pressure of 40 MPa. The master alloy material rapidly cools and solidifies within 3 s in this metallic copper mold to obtain this amorphous porous aluminum alloy material.

[0100] Example 5

[0101] This example provides a porous aluminum alloy material with a composition of Al 70 (CuCo1) 20 (TiCo3)9Sc. The difference in its preparation method from that of Example 1 lies in that in step 2), no coupling agent and dispersant are attached to the surface of the spherical pore-forming agent.

[0102] Example 6

[0103] This example provides a porous aluminum alloy material with a composition of Al 70 (CuCo1) 20 (TiCo3)9Sc. The difference in its preparation method from that of Example 1 lies in that in step 2), the dosage of the coupling agent KH550 is 4% of the mass of the spherical pore-forming agent.

[0104] Example 7

[0105] This example provides a porous aluminum alloy material with a composition of Al 70 (CuCo1) 20 (TiCo3)9Sc. The difference in its preparation method from that of Example 1 lies in that in step 2), the dosage of the coupling agent KH550 is 15% of the mass of the spherical pore-forming agent.

[0106] Example 8

[0107] This example provides a porous aluminum alloy material with a composition of Al 70 (CuCo1) 20 (TiCo3)9Sc. The difference in its preparation method from that of Example 1 lies in that in step 2), the dosage of the dispersant potassium lignosulfonate is 5% of the mass of the amorphous aluminum alloy powder.

[0108] Example 9

[0109] This example provides a porous aluminum alloy material with a composition of Al 70 (CuCo1) 20The porous aluminum alloy material of (TiCo3)9Sc, the difference between its preparation method and that of Example 1 is that in step 2), the spherical pore-forming agent is not surface-treated with a dispersant.

[0110] Example 10

[0111] This example provides a porous aluminum alloy material with a composition of Al 70 (CuCo1) 20 (TiCo3)9Sc. The difference between its preparation method and that of Example 1 is that in step 7), the rapid cooling and solidification time of the master alloy material in the metal copper mold is 1 s.

[0112] Example 11

[0113] This example provides a porous aluminum alloy material with a composition of Al 70 (CuCo1) 20 (TiCo3)9Sc. The difference between its preparation method and that of Example 1 is that in step 7), the rapid cooling and solidification time of the master alloy material in the metal copper mold is 3 s.

[0114] Example 12

[0115] This example provides a porous aluminum alloy material with a composition of Al 70 (CuCo1) 20 (TiCo3)9Sc. The difference between its preparation method and that of Example 1 is that in step 7), the rapid cooling and solidification time of the master alloy material in the metal copper mold is 10 s.

[0116] Example 13

[0117] This example provides a porous aluminum alloy material with a composition of Al 70 (CuCo1) 20 (TiCo3)9Sc. The difference between its preparation method and that of Example 1 is that in step 6), multiple aluminum-based hollow metal balls are evenly placed into the inner hole of the metal copper mold, and no binder is used to bond them into a stack of aluminum-based hollow metal balls.

[0118] Example 14

[0119] This example provides a porous aluminum alloy material with a composition of Al 70 (CuCo1) 20 (TiCo3)9Sc. The difference between its preparation method and that of Example 1 is that the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy amorphous powder to the master alloy material is 20:80.

[0120] Example 15

[0121] This embodiment provides a porous aluminum alloy material with a composition of Al 70 (CuCo1) 20 (TiCo3)9Sc. The difference in its preparation method from that of Embodiment 1 is that the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy amorphous powder to the master alloy material is 5:95.

[0122] Example 16

[0123] This embodiment provides a porous aluminum alloy material with a composition of Al 70 (CuCo1) 20 (TiCo3)9Sc. The difference in its preparation method from that of Embodiment 1 is that the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy amorphous powder to the master alloy material is 25:75.

[0124] Test Example 1

[0125] The porous aluminum alloy materials provided in the above embodiments and comparative examples were respectively tested for porosity, density, compression absorption performance, thermal conductivity, tensile strength, and compression deformation mode. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0126] Among them, 1) The test methods for density and porosity are as follows: The density and porosity of the alloy were measured by the Archimedes method. The calculation formula for density: ρ = m / V

[0127] M / V is the mass / volume of the porous body or solid;

[0128] The calculation formula for porosity:

[0129] ρ / ρ s is the relative density; ρ is the density of the porous body; ρ s is the density of the solid;

[0130] 3) The test method for thermal conductivity is as follows: Specimens with dimensions of were cut out from the porous aluminum alloy. The specimens were rough-ground and fine-ground on sandpapers with 1000 meshes and 2000 meshes respectively. Then, the thickness of the specimens was measured with a micrometer, and graphite layers with a thickness of 500 μm were sprayed on both the upper and lower surfaces of the specimens. The light energy absorption ratio and infrared emissivity heat conduction amount of the specimens were measured by an infrared generating device, and the thermal conductivity was obtained through an input parameter calculation software;

[0131] 4) The test method for compression mechanical properties is as follows: Cuboid specimens with dimensions of 20 mm × 10 mm × 10 mm were cut out from the porous aluminum alloy, and the cross-sectional area A was calculated. The surfaces of the specimens were polished flat. During the test, the cuboid specimens were placed at the center of the support seat of a universal testing machine, and the descending speed of the crossbeam of the testing machine was controlled at 0.5 mm / min to measure the compression absorption performance and obtain the compression deformation curve.

[0132] 5) The test method for tensile strength is as follows: Cut out specimens with dimensions of 50mm×10mm×10mm from the porous aluminum alloy material. Using a universal material testing machine, conduct tensile strength tests at a tensile rate of 4.5×10 -4 m / s. For each porous aluminum alloy material, test 3 groups of specimens, and then take the average value of the data.

[0133] Table 1

[0134]

[0135]

[0136]

[0137] From the above description, it can be seen that the above embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:

[0138] The composition provided in this application is Al 70 (CuCo x ) 20 (TiCo y )9(Sc / Er)1 amorphous porous aluminum alloy material, which has a strong metal matrix composite foam preparation process with high designability and low production process error tolerance. At the same time, it improves its internal porosity and uniformity, and has a high interfacial thermal resistance, enabling the material to have a high compression energy absorption and buffer protection effect, reducing the thermal conductivity of the composite material, and expanding its application in the fields of dynamic impact and heat insulation.

[0139] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An amorphous porous aluminum alloy material, characterized in that, The composition of the aluminum alloy material is Al 70 (CuCo x ) 20 (TiCo y )9Sc or Al 70 (CuCo x ) 20 (TiCo y )9Er, where the range of x is 1 to 4, the range of y is 1 to 2. A plurality of holes are uniformly distributed inside the aluminum alloy material. The diameter of the holes is 400 to 700 μm, and the porosity of the aluminum alloy material is 45 to 60%, and the density is 1.6 to 2.0 g / m 3 .

2. The preparation method of the amorphous porous aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method includes: Step S1, provide aluminum alloy amorphous powder, coat the surface of the spherical pore-forming agent with the aluminum alloy amorphous powder to form an aluminum alloy coating layer, and obtain a nano-amorphous composite hollow sphere; wherein, the composition of the aluminum alloy amorphous powder is Al 70 (CuCo x ) 20 (TiCo y )9Sc or Al 70 (CuCo x ) 20 (TiCo y )9Er, where the range of x is 1 to 4, and the range of y is 1 to 2; the particle size of the spherical pore-forming agent is 400 to 700 μm, and the composition of the spherical pore-forming agent is an organic substance; Step S2: Calcining the nano-amorphous composite hollow spheres to remove the spherical pore-forming agent, thereby obtaining a hollow metal sphere green body; Step S3: Performing melt sintering on the hollow metal sphere green body to obtain an aluminum-based hollow metal sphere; Step S4: Placing a plurality of the aluminum-based hollow metal spheres into a mold, and pouring a molten master alloy material into the mold, followed by rapid cooling and solidification to obtain the amorphous porous aluminum alloy material; wherein, the composition of the master alloy material is the same as that of the aluminum alloy amorphous powder.

3. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein In step S1, in the nano-amorphous composite hollow spheres, The material of the spherical pore-forming agent is an organic polymer.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The material of the spherical pore-forming agent is at least one of polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene or polyurethane.

5. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The surface of the spherical pore-forming agent is attached with a coupling agent and optionally a dispersant, and the coupling agent includes at least one of KH550, KH560 or KH570.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The mass of the coupling agent is 5-10% of the mass of the spherical pore-forming agent.

7. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein The dispersant includes at least one of potassium lignosulfonate, potassium polymeric naphthalenesulfonate or potassium polystyrenesulfonate.

8. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The dosage of the dispersant is 1-3% of the mass of the aluminum alloy amorphous powder.

9. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S2, the calcination temperature is 300-450 °C and the time is 20-30 min.

10. The preparation method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The heating rate to the calcination temperature is 1-3 °C / min.

11. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein, In step S3, the melt sintering temperature is 550-650 °C and the time is 5-10 min.

12. The preparation method according to claim 11, wherein The melt sintering is carried out under the protection of an inert gas or nitrogen.

13. The preparation method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The inert gas includes at least one of helium and argon.

14. The preparation method according to claim 12, characterized in that, Before the melt sintering, evacuate to a vacuum degree ≤ 10 -3 Pa first, then introduce the inert gas to normal pressure, and then carry out the melt sintering.

15. The preparation method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The heating rate to the melt sintering temperature is 10-20 °C / min.

16. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein, In step S4, first use a binder to bond a plurality of the aluminum-based hollow metal spheres to obtain a stack of aluminum-based hollow metal spheres, and then place the stack of aluminum-based hollow metal spheres into the mold.

17. The preparation method according to claim 16, characterized in that, The binder includes at least one of a polyvinyl alcohol solution, a tetraethyl orthosilicate solution or a polyacrylamide solution.

18. The preparation method according to claim 16, characterized in that, The mass of the binder is 10-20% of the mass of the aluminum-based hollow metal spheres.

19. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein In the step S4, the pouring is carried out under the condition that the vacuum degree is 10 -2 ~10 -3 MPa.

20. The preparation method according to claim 19, characterized in that, The pouring pressure is 30-40 MPa.

21. The preparation method according to claim 19, wherein The time for rapid cooling is 1-3 s.

22. The preparation method according to claim 19, characterized in that, The rapid cooling is carried out by means of copper mold cooling.

23. The preparation method according to any one of claims 2 to 22, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the aluminum alloy amorphous powder to the master alloy material is 10-20:90-80.

24. The preparation method according to claim 23, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the aluminum alloy amorphous powder to the master alloy material is 10-15:90-85.

25. The preparation method according to any one of claims 2 to 22, characterized in that, In step S1, the particle size of the aluminum alloy amorphous powder is 0.5-10 μm.

26. The preparation method according to claim 25, characterized in that, The aluminum alloy amorphous powder is obtained by successively subjecting granular aluminum-based alloy to ball milling and ultra-fine treatment.

27. Application of the amorphous porous aluminum alloy material according to claim 1 or the amorphous aluminum alloy material obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 2 to 26 in the fields of military explosion protection or aerospace.

28. An amorphous porous aluminum alloy material, characterized in that, The composition of the aluminum alloy material is Al 70 (CuCo x ) 20 (TiCo y )9Sc, where x is 1 and y is 3. A plurality of holes are uniformly distributed inside the aluminum alloy material, and the diameter of the holes is 500 - 700 μm; and when the porosity of the aluminum alloy material is 58%, the density is 1.72 g / m 3 or 1.73 g / m 3 ; when the porosity of the aluminum alloy material is 57%, the density is 1.75 g / m 3 ; when the porosity of the aluminum alloy material is 55%, the density is 1.80 g / m 3 .

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