The invention relates to the field of oil and gas
geophysical prospecting engineering, and discloses a method for effectively monitoring
carbon dioxide sequestration leakage, which comprises the following steps: S1, establishing a geologic model for
carbon dioxide sequestration, carrying out oil
reservoir simulation, and constructing a time shift synthesis model of different
carbon dioxide saturations; s2, analyzing reservoir rock physical
response characteristics under different carbon dioxide saturations by using a rock
physics theory, and deducing an elastic parameter model of the reservoir rock; s3, seismic forward modeling is carried out by using the viscoacoustic
wave equation of the standard linear
solid attenuation model, time-lapse seismic data are generated, and
reverse time migration imaging is carried out; and S4, on the basis of the
reverse time migration profile obtained in the step S3, the leakage conditions of the injected carbon dioxide in the front-middle-later period are monitored in real time by using a spectrum
ratio method of an imaging domain. According to the working process provided by the invention, through integration of
reservoir simulation, rock physical analysis and time-lapse seismic monitoring technologies, comprehensive monitoring and prediction of carbon dioxide plume migration are realized.