Regional lightning protection method, device, equipment and readable storage medium

Abstract

The present application provides a regional lightning protection method, device, equipment and readable storage medium. The present application can determine the geographical environment parameters and geometric shape parameters of the target protection area; and further determine the regional area of ​​the target protection area based on the geographical environment parameters and geometric shape parameters of the target protection area; and can also determine the lightning strike path of the target protection area; so that the protection range of the target protection area can be determined based on the lightning strike path of the target protection area and the regional area of ​​the target protection area; after determining the protection range of the target protection area, a plurality of target lightning protection devices can be further installed within the protection range of the target protection area to protect the target protection area from lightning strikes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of lightning protection technology, and in particular to a regional lightning protection method, device, equipment and readable storage medium. Background Art

[0002] In actual application, when it is necessary to prevent lightning strikes, a lightning rod is generally installed under the action of the electric field at the bottom of the thundercloud. The tip of the lightning rod induces an electric charge with the opposite polarity to the electric field at the bottom of the thundercloud, reaching the corona threshold to ionize the surrounding air to form an upward leader that connects with the downward leader of lightning, establishing a lightning discharge channel, attracting lightning to the tip of the rod and discharging the lightning current to the ground.

[0003] However, this lightning protection scheme is generally aimed at a single individual, such as a building, and cannot be used to protect multiple individuals in an area or a local area. If lightning protection is required for multiple individuals in the same area, it is necessary to install a lightning protection device for each individual, which is costly. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application aims to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical defects. In view of this, the present application provides a regional lightning protection method, device, equipment and readable storage medium to solve the technical defect in the prior art that it is difficult to provide lightning protection for multiple single buildings in the entire area.

[0005] A regional lightning protection method, comprising:

[0006] Determine the geographical environment parameters and geometric shape parameters of the target protected area;

[0007] Determine the area of ​​the target protected area according to the geographical environment parameters and geometric shape parameters of the target protected area;

[0008] Determining a lightning strike path in the target protection area;

[0009] Determine the protection range of the target protection area according to the lightning strike path of the target protection area and the area of ​​the target protection area;

[0010] Several target lightning protection devices are installed within the protection range of the target protection area.

[0011] Preferably, if a target lightning protection device is installed within the protection range of the target protection area, then determining the protection range of the target protection area according to the lightning strike path of the target protection area and the area of ​​the target protection area includes:

[0012] Determine the straight-line distance from the first interception point in the upwind direction to the downwind direction of the lightning strike path in the target protection area;

[0013] Determine that within the straight-line distance from the first interception point in the upwind direction to the downwind direction of the lightning strike path of the target protection area, there is no protection area that exceeds the protection height of the first interception point in the upwind direction,

[0014] in,

[0015] The calculation formula for the protection area within the straight-line distance from the first interception point in the upwind direction to the downwind direction of the lightning strike path of the target protection area, which does not exceed the protection height of the first interception point in the upwind direction, is as follows:

[0016]

[0017] in,

[0018] A represents the protection area within the straight-line distance from the first interception point in the upwind direction to the downwind direction of the lightning strike path of the target protection area, which does not exceed the protection height of the first interception point in the upwind direction;

[0019] r represents the distance between two lightning strikes in the target protection area, in meters. Depending on the wind farm, high-voltage transmission line, building, flammable and explosive place, etc., the value range of r is [0.5km, 4km].

[0020] Preferably, if four target lightning protection devices are installed within the protection range of the target protection area, then determining the protection range of the target protection area according to the lightning strike path of the target protection area and the area of ​​the target protection area includes:

[0021] Determine the straight-line distance from the first interception point in the upwind direction to the downwind direction of the lightning strike path in the target protection area;

[0022] Determine that within the straight-line distance from the first interception point in the upwind direction to the downwind direction of the lightning strike path of the target protection area, there is no protection area that exceeds the protection height of the first interception point in the upwind direction,

[0023] in,

[0024] The calculation formula for the protection area within the straight-line distance from the first interception point in the upwind direction to the downwind direction of the lightning strike path of the target protection area, which does not exceed the protection height of the first interception point in the upwind direction, is as follows:

[0025] A=L×W

[0026] in,

[0027] The calculation formula for the downwind protection radius in each of the four target lightning protection devices installed in the target protection area is as follows:

[0028]

[0029] in,

[0030] A represents the protection area within the straight-line distance from the first interception point in the upwind direction to the downwind direction of the lightning strike path of the target protection area, which does not exceed the protection height of the first interception point in the upwind direction;

[0031] L represents the straight-line distance between the first target lightning arrester and the second target lightning arrester among the four target lightning arresters installed in the target protection area, in meters;

[0032] W represents the straight-line distance between the third target lightning arrester and the fourth target lightning arrester among the four target lightning arresters installed in the target protection area, in meters.

[0033] Preferably, the method further comprises:

[0034] The height of the target lightning arrester installed in the target protection area should be installed according to the preset installation principle, where:

[0035] The preset installation principles include the following:

[0036] The height of the target lightning protection device installed in the target protection area should be higher than the height of the surface objects in the target protection area;

[0037] If the target protection area includes a wind turbine, when installing the target lightning protection device in the target protection area, it needs to be installed on the wind direction and anemometer stand of the wind turbine cabin in the target protection area, and the installation height of the target lightning protection device should be higher than the height of the wind direction and anemometer of the wind turbine cabin by a preset first height, wherein the value range of the preset first height is greater than or equal to 0.5 meters;

[0038] If the target protection area includes a high-voltage transmission line tower, then when installing the target lightning arrester in the target protection area, it needs to be installed on the high-voltage transmission line tower in the target protection area, and the installation height of the target lightning arrester should be higher than the height of the overhead lightning conductor of the high-voltage transmission line tower in the target protection area by a preset second height, wherein the value range of the preset second height is greater than 1 meter.

[0039] Preferably, the method further comprises:

[0040] When there is a ground object higher than the lightning interception device at the first interception point in the target protection area downwind, a second interception point is set for the target protection area;

[0041] When there is a mountain range outside the target protection area at a preset third threshold downwind, the first interception point should be set according to the preset requirements, and a second interception point should be set at the foot of the mountain, wherein the preset third threshold is 1 km;

[0042] When the target protection area is located in a ravine between two mountain ranges, a first interception point is set upwind of the target protection area, and a second interception point is set outside the protected area downwind of the target protection area.

[0043] Preferably, the method further comprises:

[0044] When there are two or more main lightning strike paths in the target protection area, lightning strike interception points are respectively set upwind of each main lightning strike path.

[0045] Preferably, the method further comprises:

[0046] If the building height at the lightning interception point in the target protection area does not exceed a preset fourth threshold, a preset first lightning interception device is used for interception, wherein the preset first lightning interception device is a lightning interception device with a single-needle structure;

[0047] If the building height at the lightning interception point in the target protection area exceeds a preset fourth threshold, a preset second lightning interception device is used for interception, wherein the preset second lightning interception device is a lightning interception device with a multi-needle structure, wherein the preset fourth threshold is 15 meters;

[0048] If there are buildings that need to be focused on protection in the target protection area, a lightning interception point is set at the buildings that need to be focused on protection in the target protection area, and a lightning suppression device is installed downwind of the lightning interception point to reduce the probability of lightning strikes on the buildings that need to be focused on protection in the target protection area, wherein the lightning suppression device is a spherical structure lightning suppression device.

[0049] Preferably, the first lightning interception device comprises:

[0050] A first lightning rod, a first waveguide resonant main cavity, a first waveguide resonant sub-cavity, and a first tuner, wherein the first lightning rod, the first waveguide resonant main cavity, the first waveguide resonant sub-cavity, and the first tuner are all made of metal;

[0051] The first lightning rod, the first waveguide resonant main cavity, the first waveguide resonant sub-cavity, and the first tuner are connected in sequence;

[0052] The first lightning rod is used to receive lightning current, and the first waveguide resonant sub-cavity has a built-in variable capacitor. When the surface electric field strength reaches a preset starting threshold, the variable capacitor of the first waveguide resonant sub-cavity is turned on, and based on the charge polarity of the surface electric field, the charge polarity of the first lightning interception device is converted to the same charge polarity as the surface electric field; and the starting voltage of the resonant circuit of the first waveguide resonant main cavity is adjusted, so that the resonant circuit of the first waveguide resonant main cavity starts to resonate;

[0053] A resonant circuit is arranged in the first waveguide resonant main cavity. Under the regulation of the first waveguide resonant sub-cavity, the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit reaches a preset frequency, generates a voltage Q times higher than the surface electric field intensity, and transmits it to the tip of the first lightning rod, generates a first target upward leader of a preset length, and when the downward leader of lightning is connected to the first target upward leader, a lightning discharge channel is formed to discharge the lightning current to the ground, wherein the first target upward leader is;

[0054] The first tuner is used to adjust the distributed parameters of the first waveguide resonant main cavity and the first waveguide resonant sub-cavity.

[0055] Preferably, the second lightning interception device comprises:

[0056] A plurality of second lightning rods, an interceptor sphere, a first sphere connector, a second waveguide resonant main cavity, a second waveguide resonant sub-cavity, and a second tuner; the second lightning rod, the interceptor sphere, the first sphere connector, the second waveguide resonant main cavity, the second waveguide resonant sub-cavity, and the second tuner are all made of metal;

[0057] A plurality of the second lightning rods are connected to the surface of the interceptor sphere from the vertical direction and the horizontal direction respectively, and the interceptor sphere, the first sphere connector, the second waveguide resonant main cavity, the second waveguide resonant sub-cavity, and the second tuner are connected in sequence;

[0058] The second lightning rod is used to receive lightning current in vertical and horizontal directions;

[0059] The first sphere connector is used to maintain an electrical path between the interceptor sphere and the second waveguide resonant main cavity;

[0060] The interceptor sphere is used to evenly distribute the charge transmitted from the second waveguide resonant main cavity to a plurality of second lightning rods;

[0061] When the surface electric field intensity reaches a preset starting threshold, the variable capacitor built into the second waveguide resonant sub-cavity is turned on, and based on the charge polarity of the surface electric field, the charge polarity of the lightning interception device is transformed into the same charge polarity as the charge polarity of the surface electric field; and the starting voltage of the resonant circuit of the second waveguide resonant main cavity is adjusted, so that the resonant circuit of the second waveguide resonant main cavity starts to resonate;

[0062] The second waveguide resonant main cavity has a built-in resonant circuit. Under the regulation of the second waveguide resonant sub-cavity, the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit reaches a preset frequency, generates a voltage Q times higher than the surface electric field strength, and transmits it to the tips of a plurality of the second lightning rods, generating a target upward leader longer than a preset length; when the downward leader of lightning is connected to the target upward leader, a lightning discharge channel is formed to discharge the lightning current to the ground;

[0063] The second tuner is used to adjust the distributed parameters in the waveguide resonance main cavity and the waveguide resonance sub-cavity.

[0064] Preferably, the lightning suppression device comprises:

[0065] The suppressor sphere, the second sphere connector, the third waveguide resonance main cavity, the third waveguide resonance sub-cavity, and the third tuner; the suppressor sphere, the second sphere connector, the third waveguide resonance main cavity, the third waveguide resonance sub-cavity, and the third tuner are all made of metal;

[0066] The suppressor sphere, the second sphere connector, the third waveguide resonant main cavity, the third waveguide resonant sub-cavity, and the third tuner are connected in sequence;

[0067] The suppressor sphere is used to suppress direct lightning;

[0068] The second sphere connector is used to maintain an electrical path between the suppressor sphere and the third waveguide resonant main cavity;

[0069] When the surface electric field intensity reaches a preset starting threshold, the variable capacitor of the third waveguide resonant sub-cavity is turned on, and based on the charge polarity of the surface electric field, the charge polarity of the lightning suppression device is transformed into the same charge polarity as the charge polarity of the surface electric field; and the starting voltage of the resonant circuit of the third waveguide resonant main cavity is adjusted so that the resonant circuit of the third waveguide resonant main cavity starts to resonate;

[0070] The third waveguide resonant main cavity has a built-in resonant circuit. Under the regulation of the waveguide resonant sub-cavity, the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit reaches a preset frequency, generates a voltage Q times higher than the surface electric field strength, and transmits it to the surface of the suppressor sphere, so that the charge is evenly distributed on the surface of the suppressor sphere to form a spherical charge body, and generates a target upward leader of a preset length when the lightning electric field strength exceeds a preset threshold; when the downward leader of lightning is connected to the target upward leader, a lightning discharge channel is formed to discharge the lightning current to the ground;

[0071] The third tuner is used to adjust the distributed parameters in the third waveguide resonant main cavity and the third waveguide resonant sub-cavity.

[0072] It can be seen from the technical solution introduced above that when a certain area needs to be protected from lightning, the method provided in the embodiment of the present application can determine the geographical environment parameters and geometric shape parameters of the target protection area; and further determine the area of ​​the target protection area based on the geographical environment parameters and geometric shape parameters of the target protection area; and can also determine the lightning strike path of the target protection area; so that the protection range of the target protection area can be determined based on the lightning strike path of the target protection area and the area of ​​the target protection area; after determining the protection range of the target protection area, a number of target lightning protection devices can be further installed within the protection range of the target protection area to protect the target protection area from lightning strikes.

[0073] From the above introduction, it can be seen that the method provided in the embodiment of the present application can effectively solve the problem that the existing lightning prevention technology cannot protect one area, as well as the shortcomings of the existing lightning protection device, such as the upward leader is not long enough, the lightning current does not have a strong attenuation electromagnetic effect, and it cannot prevent side lightning strikes. It can effectively use a relatively low cost to achieve lightning protection for multiple buildings in a certain area, and can provide new theoretical and technical support for human defense against lightning disasters. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0074] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0075] Figure 1 A flowchart of a method for implementing regional lightning protection provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0076] Figure 2A schematic diagram of a protection scope determined by using the 45° angle broken line method according to the method provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0077] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the method provided in the embodiment of the present application using the rolling ball method to determine the lightning protection range;

[0078] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the protection range that can be achieved by installing a single lightning protection device for the method provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0079] Figure 5 The protection range that can be achieved by installing four lightning protection devices provided by the method provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0080] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a lightning interception device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0081] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of a lightning interception device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0082] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of a lightning suppression device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0083] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0084] In view of the fact that most of the current regional lightning protection schemes are difficult to adapt to complex and changeable business needs, the applicant has studied a regional lightning protection scheme. This regional lightning protection method can effectively solve the problem that the existing lightning prevention technology cannot protect a region, as well as the shortcomings of the existing lightning protection devices, such as the upward leader is not long enough, the lightning current does not have a strong attenuation electromagnetic effect, and cannot prevent side lightning strikes. It can effectively use a relatively low cost to achieve lightning protection for multiple buildings in a certain area, and can provide new theoretical and technical support for human defense against lightning disasters.

[0085] When lightning strikes, the electric field of the thundercloud will experience a lightning discharge process, which is a specific form of electromagnetic wave motion in nature. From an optical point of view, lightning discharge can be seen as a flash of white light, which is constrained by dispersion theory.

[0086] The process of lightning discharge can be simply divided into five stages. The first stage: the generation of the upward leader and the downward leader; the second stage: the first return stroke of the charge after the upward leader and the downward leader are connected; the third stage: the generation of the arrow leader of lightning; the fourth stage: the subsequent return stroke of the charge generates continuous current and M component; the fifth stage: the last return stroke occurs.

[0087] in,

[0088] (1) The process of generating an uplink leader and a downlink leader can be as follows:

[0089] Generally speaking, the internal charge polarity of a thundercloud can be divided into the upper layer charge polarity as positive and the lower layer charge polarity as negative. Usually, the electric field strength of a thundercloud can reach 50-100MV. When a thunderstorm occurs, a discharge phenomenon will occur inside the thundercloud, which is called the pre-breakdown process, providing conditions for the formation of a downward leader. Among them, the downward leader of a thundercloud refers to the formation of a downward moving streamer when the electric field strength at the bottom of the thundercloud reaches the air ionization threshold. The average distance of each downward breakdown of the air is about 50m. From a timing perspective, it looks like a ladder, so it is called a ladder leader, also known as a downward leader.

[0090] Generally speaking, affected by the electric field at the bottom of the downward leader of lightning, the needle end of the lightning protection device can induce a charge with the opposite polarity to the electric field at the bottom of the downward leader of lightning. When the electric field strength reaches 10kV / m, corona occurs, and an upward corona current (streamer) can be generated. This upward corona current can be called the upward leader of lightning. Among them, the average length of the upward leader that can be generated by the commonly used lightning protection device is about 50 meters. The upward leader of lightning and the downward leader of lightning move relative to each other, providing the necessary conditions for the connection between the upward leader and the downward leader.

[0091] (2) The process of the first return strike of the charge after the upward leader of lightning connects with the downward leader is as follows:

[0092] When the downward leader of lightning develops to about 100m from the needle end of the lightning protection device, it can connect with the downward leader of lightning. The distance between the upward leader end of lightning and the downward leader end of lightning is called the strike distance.

[0093] Usually, the strike distance is related to the lightning discharge current. After the upward leader of lightning connects with the downward leader of lightning, a discharge channel can be formed in the lightning protection device. The charge rushes from the earth along the discharge channel to the cloud to neutralize the charge of the discharge channel and the thundercloud. This process is called the first return stroke of the charge.

[0094] (3) The process of the arrow leader of lightning can be as follows:

[0095] The arrow leader of lightning occurs mainly when the charge moves along the lightning channel after the first lightning strike. It is named because its movement path is from the top to the bottom of the lightning channel and its shape is like an arrow. It is the transition process between the first return stroke of the charge and the subsequent return stroke of the charge, and plays a role in connecting the previous and the next.

[0096] (4) The process of subsequent return stroke of charge to produce continuous current and M component can be as follows:

[0097] The subsequent return stroke of the charge usually starts after the arrow leader ends, and the discharge process of the first return stroke is repeated continuously. Because each return stroke is a pulse, multiple return strokes form a group of pulse trains with time intervals.

[0098] Generally speaking, after the first return stroke establishes the lightning strike channel, there is a charge in the lightning strike channel to maintain the lightning strike channel until the discharge ends. Between the multiple return strokes of the subsequent return strokes, a pulsating current with a constant direction of movement can be seen at the bottom of the pulse, which is called continuous current. Continuous current is defined as a lower amplitude current immediately following the return stroke process, which is the pulsating DC component of the lightning current in the lightning strike channel.

[0099] Several small pulses can be seen above the continuous current, called M component, which is also one of the three forms of charge transfer from lightning to the ground. There are three forms of charge transfer from lightning to the ground, namely return stroke pulse, continuous current and M component. Continuous current can transfer a large amount of charge, accounting for about 50%, but it will also produce the most serious lightning damage including thermal effects. According to relevant statistics, there will be an average of 3-5 return strokes during each lightning discharge.

[0100] (5) The process of the final strike can be as follows:

[0101] "The current peak of the first return stroke of a lightning charge is usually 2 to 3 times larger than the current peak of the subsequent subsequent return stroke. However, about one-third of ground lightning contains at least one subsequent return stroke with a large electric field peak. In theory, the current peak of the subsequent return stroke should also be greater than the first return stroke. Subsequent return strokes that are greater than the first return stroke may pose an additional threat to power supply lines and other systems." The last return stroke of lightning refers to the last return stroke of the charge, which is characterized by a time interval of usually 300-400ms between the previous return stroke and the last return stroke, a greater amplitude than the first return stroke, and similar parameters to the first return stroke.

[0102] The length of the upward leader generated by the commonly used lightning arrester is limited, and it cannot effectively attenuate the lightning current and the intensity of the lightning electromagnetic field, so it cannot effectively intercept direct lightning. In addition, the commonly used lightning arrester uses the rolling ball method or the protection angle method for the ground protection radius: the protection angle method is used to calculate the ground radius that the commonly used lightning arrester can protect, which is 1.5 times the height of the lightning arrester, and the protection range is a 45° cone angle range.

[0103] Therefore, the protection range of commonly used lightning and lightning protection devices is small. Buildings cannot usually use a single lightning and lightning protection device to protect against lightning. Generally, multiple lightning and lightning protection devices are used to form a lightning protection grid or lightning protection belt to protect the building.

[0104] Based on this, the present application provides a regional lightning protection method. This method can generate a sufficiently long upward leader, effectively attenuate lightning current, reduce the intensity of lightning electromagnetic fields, and effectively intercept direct lightning and side lightning by applying various lightning interception devices and lightning suppression devices. At the same time, it can also reasonably use lightning interception devices and lightning suppression devices to achieve lightning protection for various buildings in a certain area while reducing costs.

[0105] Combine the following Figure 1 , introduces the process of the regional lightning protection method given in the embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 1 As shown, the process can include the following steps:

[0106] Step S101, determining the geographical environment parameters and geometric shape parameters of the target protected area.

[0107] Specifically, in actual application, common lightning protection technologies generally induce an electric charge with the opposite polarity to the electric field at the bottom of the thundercloud at the tip of the lightning rod under the action of the electric field at the bottom of the thundercloud, reaching the corona threshold to ionize the surrounding air to form an upward leader, where the upward leader is also called corona current, also called streamer. The upward leader is connected to the downward leader of lightning to establish a lightning discharge channel, attracting lightning to the tip of the needle and discharging the lightning current to the ground.

[0108] In addition, some people use the 45° angle broken line method to determine the lightning protection range. The details are as follows: Assuming that the lightning distance is 5-10 times the height of the lightning rod, the discharge experiment statistics show that the protection range of a single lightning rod is a rotating cone, and the protection radius on the ground is:

[0109] r=1.5hp(1)

[0110] in,

[0111] r is the protection radius, in meters;

[0112] h is the height of the lightning rod in meters;

[0113] p is the height influence coefficient;

[0114] The scope of protection determined by the 45° angle broken line method can be as follows: Figure 2 shown.

[0115] Others have invented the rolling ball method to determine the lightning protection range, using the length of the geometric distance of the discharge path as the criterion for lightning rod protection. Assume that the lightning leader starts from the thundercloud and is not affected by any ground features and develops freely. When the lightning leader reaches a certain height h from the ground, it begins to deflect toward the protrusion on the ground. Use r to draw an arc on the ground, and the area under the arc is the protection range of the lightning rod. A single lightning rod at r x Height protection radius:

[0116]

[0117] in,

[0118] The rolling ball method can be used to determine the lightning protection range. Figure 3 shown.

[0119] However, the existing lightning protection technology generally targets a single unit for protection and cannot protect an area composed of multiple units. Whether it is the 45° angle line or the rolling ball method, in actual engineering, the classification of the protected object is determined based on the structure, importance and natural geographical environment of the protected unit, and corresponding technical measures are taken.

[0120] In actual application, buildings are generally divided into four categories. In some areas, buildings protected by the rolling ball method are divided into the first, second and third categories. The rolling ball radius used in buildings of different levels is different, which determines the height of the lightning rod installation.

[0121] Obviously, the protection angle method uses the effect of lightning rods to attract lightning and adopts the protection angle method for design. It protects single buildings and cannot protect an area composed of multiple buildings. So far, the use of lightning rods and the protection angle method for direct lightning protection design of outdoor modern facilities is one of the main reasons why lightning disasters are still serious around the world.

[0122] Through research, it was found that within a region, lightning strikes generally have a relatively fixed movement path.

[0123] On the path of lightning movement, the time interval between two lightning strikes is 4-5 minutes. The ground wind force when the thunderstorm cloud passes is about 5-8 gale, and the wind speed is about 8m / s-20m / s. The greater the wind speed, the stronger the lightning rod corona. The ions generated by the lightning rod corona discharge have the dual function of attracting and shielding lightning.

[0124] It can be determined that under the action of the electric field at the end of the downward leader of lightning, the tip of the lightning rod reaches the corona threshold and ionizes the surrounding air to produce positive and negative ions. Constrained by Coulomb's law, its positive ions form an upward leader, move to the end of the downward leader of lightning and connect with the downward leader of lightning to establish a lightning discharge channel, attract lightning to the tip of the needle and discharge the lightning current to the ground; its negative ions are repelled by the electric field at the end of the downward leader of lightning and the influence of wind, diffuse to the downwind area to form an ion cloud, and inhibit the growth of corona current at the tip of downwind ground objects, taking negative lightning strikes as an example, and positive lightning strikes are the opposite.

[0125] It can be seen from this that the length of the upward leader at the tip of the ground object in the limited area downwind of the lightning strike point is equal to zero, and the tip of the ground object has the dual function of attracting and shielding lightning, that is, the mirror induction of the electric field at the end of the downward leader of lightning causes the tip of the ground object to produce corona and positive and negative ions. Constrained by Coulomb's law, ions with the opposite polarity of the electric field of the downward leader develop in the direction of the downward leader to form an upward leader, among which the longest upward leader will connect with the downward leader, playing a role in attracting or intercepting lightning; at the same time, ions with the same polarity as the electric field of the downward leader are affected by the repulsion of the electric field of the downward leader and the wind, and diffuse in the downwind direction to form an ion cloud, which suppresses the growth of the corona current at the tip of the ground object in the area covered by the ion cloud. At this time, the length of the upward leader is equal to zero), which plays a role in shielding lightning.

[0126] Therefore, in actual application, according to the local lightning activity patterns, lightning interceptors can be installed upwind of the main lightning path to efficiently attract or intercept lightning and attenuate the current at the lightning strike point, thereby avoiding or reducing direct lightning strikes in the downwind protection area and optimizing the electromagnetic field environment.

[0127] Therefore, in actual application, in order to improve the lightning protection capability of an area composed of multiple monomers, the geographical environment parameters and geometric shape parameters of the target protection area can be determined, so that the area of ​​the target protection area can be determined based on the geographical environment parameters and geometric shape parameters of the target protection area to determine the area range for installing the lightning protection device.

[0128] Step S102: determining the area of ​​the target protected area according to the geographical environment parameters and geometric shape parameters of the target protected area.

[0129] Specifically, it can be seen from the above introduction that the method provided in the embodiment of the present application can determine the geographical environment parameters and geometric shape parameters of the target protection area.

[0130] The area of ​​the target protected area is related to the geographical environment parameters and geometric shape parameters of the target protected area.

[0131] Therefore, after determining the geographic environment parameters and geometric shape parameters of the target protection area, the area of ​​the target protection area can be further determined based on the geographic environment parameters and geometric shape parameters of the target protection area, so that the lightning protection strategy can be determined based on the area of ​​the target protection area.

[0132] Step S103: determining the lightning strike path of the target protection area.

[0133] Specifically, it can be seen from the above introduction that the method provided in the embodiment of the present application can determine the geographical environment parameters and geometric shape parameters of the target protection area.

[0134] In actual application, the geographical environment parameters and geometric shapes are different, and the lightning movement laws and lightning strike paths are different.

[0135] Therefore, after determining the geographic environment parameters and geometric shape parameters of the target protection area, the lightning strike path of the lightning strike movement in the target protection area can be further determined, so that the protection range of the target protection area can be determined according to the lightning strike path of the target protection area.

[0136] Step S104: determining a protection range of the target protection area according to the lightning strike path of the target protection area and the area of ​​the target protection area.

[0137] Specifically, it can be seen from the above introduction that the method provided in the embodiment of the present application can determine the lightning strike path of the target protection area and the area of ​​the target protection area.

[0138] In actual application, the lightning protection range of a certain area is related to the lightning activity path and area of ​​the area.

[0139] Therefore, after determining the lightning strike path of the target protection area and the area of ​​the target protection area, the protection range of the target protection area can be determined based on the lightning strike path of the target protection area and the area of ​​the target protection area, so that a lightning protection device can be installed according to the protection range of the target protection area to protect the target protection area from lightning strikes.

[0140] Step S105, installing a plurality of target lightning protection devices within the protection range of the target protection area.

[0141] Specifically, from the above introduction, it can be seen that the method provided in the embodiment of the present application can determine the protection range of the target protection area. Further, after determining the protection range of the target protection area, several target lightning protection devices can be installed within the protection range of the target protection area.

[0142] It can be seen from the technical solutions introduced above that when multiple buildings in a certain area need to be protected from lightning strikes, the method provided in the embodiments of the present application can effectively solve the problem that the existing lightning prevention technology cannot protect one area, as well as the shortcomings of the existing lightning protection devices, such as the upward leader is not long enough, the lightning current does not have a strong attenuation electromagnetic effect, and cannot prevent side lightning strikes. It can effectively achieve lightning protection for multiple buildings in a certain area at a relatively low cost, and can provide new theoretical and technical support for human defense against lightning disasters.

[0143] From the above introduction, it can be seen that the method provided in the embodiment of the present application can install a plurality of target lightning protection devices within the protection range of the target protection area to protect the target protection area from lightning strikes.

[0144] In actual application, one or more target lightning protection devices can be installed in the target protection area.

[0145] The method of determining the protection range of the target protection area is different when different numbers of target lightning protection devices are installed.

[0146] For example,

[0147] If a target lightning protection device is installed within the protection range of the target protection area, the straight-line distance from the first interception point in the upwind direction of the lightning strike path of the target protection area to the downwind direction can be determined; and within the straight-line distance from the first interception point in the upwind direction of the lightning strike path of the target protection area to the downwind direction, there is no protection area that exceeds the protection height of the first interception point in the upwind direction.

[0148] in,

[0149] If a target lightning protection device is installed within the protection range of the target protection area, the calculation formula for the protection area that does not exceed the protection height of the first interception point in the upwind direction within the straight-line distance from the first interception point in the downwind direction of the lightning strike path of the target protection area can be as follows:

[0150]

[0151] in,

[0152] A can represent the protection area within the straight-line distance from the first interception point in the upwind direction to the downwind direction of the lightning strike path of the target protection area, which does not exceed the protection height of the first interception point in the upwind direction;

[0153] r can represent the distance between two lightning strikes in the target protection area, in meters. In actual application, the value range of r can be set to [0.5km, 4km] according to the differences in wind farms, high-voltage transmission lines, buildings, flammable and explosive places, etc.

[0154] in,

[0155] The protection range that can be achieved by installing a single lightning protection device calculated by the above formula (3) is as follows: Figure 4 shown.

[0156] If four target lightning protection devices are installed within the protection range of the target protection area, the straight-line distance from the first interception point in the upwind direction of the lightning strike path of the target protection area to the leeward direction can be determined; and the protection area that does not exceed the protection height of the first interception point in the upwind direction within the straight-line distance from the first interception point in the upwind direction of the lightning strike path of the target protection area to the leeward direction can be determined.

[0157] in,

[0158] If four target lightning arresters are installed within the protection range of the target protection area, the calculation formula for the protection area that does not exceed the protection height of the first interception point in the upwind direction within the straight-line distance from the first interception point in the downwind direction of the lightning strike path of the target protection area can be as follows:

[0159] A=L×W(4)

[0160] in,

[0161] According to formula (4), the calculation formula of the downwind protection radius of each of the four target lightning protection devices installed in the target protection area is as follows:

[0162]

[0163] in,

[0164] A can represent the protection area within the straight-line distance from the first interception point in the upwind direction to the downwind direction of the lightning strike path of the target protection area, which does not exceed the protection height of the first interception point in the upwind direction;

[0165] L may represent the straight-line distance between the first target lightning arrester and the second target lightning arrester among the four target lightning arresters installed in the target protection area, in meters;

[0166] W may represent a straight-line distance between a third target lightning arrester and a fourth target lightning arrester among four target lightning arresters installed in the target protection area, in meters.

[0167] in,

[0168] The protection range that can be achieved by installing four lightning protection devices calculated by the above formula (4) is as follows: Figure 5 shown.

[0169] The test shows that when the rectangular four-pin design is adopted, the protection range can be A = L × W. It can prevent lightning strikes along any lightning path, and at the same time, the safety of the protection area is not affected by changes in the lightning path.

[0170] In actual application, the distance between two lightning strikes in the downwind area is evaluated based on a time interval of 5 minutes and a ground wind speed of 8-20m / s.

[0171] In actual application, when installing the target lightning protection device in the target protection area, in order to achieve better protection effect, the specific installation height of the target lightning protection device is related to the shape of the points, lines and surfaces of the protected area. Among them, the points of the protected area can be independent ancient buildings, the lines of the protected area can be high-voltage transmission lines, and the surfaces of the protected area can be wind farms, forests, and grasslands.

[0172] Therefore, the following matters need to be noted when installing target lightning protection devices in the target protection area:

[0173] The height of the target lightning arrester installed in the target protection area should be installed according to the preset installation principles, where:

[0174] The default installation guidelines may include the following:

[0175] (1) The height of the target lightning protection device installed in the target protection area should be higher than the height of the surface objects in the target protection area.

[0176] (2) In actual application, if the target protection area includes a wind turbine, when installing the target lightning protection device in the target protection area, the target lightning protection device to be installed can be installed on the wind direction and anemometer stand in the wind turbine cabin of the target protection area, and the installation height of the target lightning protection device should be higher than the height of the wind direction and anemometer in the wind turbine cabin by a preset first height.

[0177] in,

[0178] The value range of the preset first height can be set to be greater than or equal to 0.5 meters;

[0179] (3) In actual application, if the target protection area includes a high-voltage transmission line tower, when installing the target lightning arrester in the target protection area, the target lightning arrester to be installed can be installed on the high-voltage transmission line tower in the target protection area, and the installation height of the target lightning arrester should be higher than the height of the overhead lightning conductor of the high-voltage transmission line tower in the target protection area by a preset second height.

[0180] in,

[0181] The value range of the preset second height can be set to be greater than 1 meter.

[0182] In actual application, the strategies for setting lightning interception points in different areas are different according to the geographical environment of different areas.

[0183] For example,

[0184] When there is a surface object higher than the lightning interception device at the first interception point in the downwind direction of the first interception point in the target protection area, a second interception point may be set for the target protection area;

[0185] When there is a mountain range outside the target protection area at a preset third threshold downwind, a second interception point may be set at the foot of the mountain after the first interception point is set according to preset requirements.

[0186] in,

[0187] The preset third threshold may be set to 1 km;

[0188] For example,

[0189] When there is a high mountain about 1km downwind outside the protected area, the thundercloud will be affected by the mountain and move upward, causing lightning to strike at the foot of the mountain on the windward side.

[0190] When the target protection area is located in a ravine between two mountain ranges, a first interception point may be set upwind of the target protection area, and a second interception point may be set outside the protected area downwind of the target protection area.

[0191] When there are two or more main lightning strike paths in the target protection area, lightning interception points can be set upwind of each main lightning strike path.

[0192] It can be seen from the above introduction that the method provided in the embodiment of the present application can install a lightning protection device in the target protection area. In actual application, the lightning protection device may include a lightning interception device and a lightning suppression device.

[0193] in,

[0194] In actual application, different lightning arresters can be installed according to different scenarios. For details, please refer to the following design schemes to install lightning arresters:

[0195] The first one,

[0196] If the building height at the lightning interception point in the target protection area does not exceed the preset fourth threshold, the preset first lightning interception device can be used for interception.

[0197] in,

[0198] The preset first lightning interception device is a lightning interception device with a single-needle structure.

[0199] in,

[0200] Figure 6A first lightning interception device is exemplified, such as Figure 6 As shown, the first lightning interception device may include the following:

[0201] A first lightning rod 1, a first waveguide resonant main cavity 2, a first waveguide resonant sub-cavity 3, and a first tuner 4;

[0202] in,

[0203] The first lightning rod 1, the first waveguide resonant main cavity 2, the first waveguide resonant sub-cavity 3, and the first tuner 4 are connected in sequence;

[0204] The first lightning rod 1, the first waveguide resonant main cavity 2, the first waveguide resonant sub-cavity 3, and the first tuner 4 are all made of metal, which can make the first lightning interception device more conductive, so as to better guide the lightning current to the ground;

[0205] When thunderstorm occurs and charged clouds appear over high-rise buildings, a large amount of electric charge will be induced on the top of the high-rise building, and the first lightning rod 1 can be used to receive the lightning current. One end of the first lightning rod 1 is set as a tip, so that most of the electric charge can be gathered at the tip end of the first lightning rod 1 when electrostatic induction occurs.

[0206] As a result, the first lightning rod 1 forms a capacitor with the charged cloud layer. Since one end of the first lightning rod 1 is sharp, that is, the area directly opposite to the two plates of this capacitor is very small, the capacitance is also very small. In other words, the first lightning rod 1 can accommodate very little charge, but the first lightning rod 1 gathers most of the charge. Therefore, when the charged cloud layer has a large amount of charge, the air between the first lightning rod 1 and the cloud layer is easily broken down and becomes a conductor.

[0207] In this way, a passage is formed between the charged cloud layer and the lightning protection device, and since the first lightning rod 1 is connected to the ground through the waveguide resonant main cavity 2 and the first waveguide resonant sub-cavity 3, the first lightning rod 1 can conduct the charges on the cloud layer into the earth so that it does not pose a danger to high-rise buildings. Therefore, one end of the first lightning rod 1 is set to a pointed end and placed in the air, which is conducive to attracting lightning current.

[0208] The first waveguide resonant sub-cavity 3 has a variable capacitor built therein.

[0209] A variable capacitor is a capacitor whose capacitance can be adjusted within a certain range. The variable capacitor can change its capacitance by changing the relative effective area between the poles or the distance between the poles. It is usually used as a tuning capacitor in radio receiving circuits.

[0210] From the above introduction, it can be seen that when there is no lightning activity, the electric field strength of the earth is equivalent to the electric field strength on a sunny day, and the first lightning interceptor is in a static state.

[0211] When a thunderstorm occurs, under the induction of the downward leading electric field at the bottom of the thundercloud's charge center, a positive electric field opposite to the negative electric field of the downward leading thundercloud will be induced on the ground.

[0212] Under the induction of the downward leading electric field of the thundercloud, when the electric field strength on the ground reaches a preset starting threshold, the variable capacitor of the first waveguide resonant sub-cavity 3 can be turned on. After the variable capacitor of the first waveguide resonant sub-cavity 3 is turned on, the first waveguide resonant sub-cavity 3 can transform the charge polarity of the lightning interception device into a charge polarity that is the same as the charge polarity of the ground electric field based on the charge polarity of the ground electric field; and can adjust the starting voltage of the resonant circuit of the first waveguide resonant main cavity 2, so that the resonant circuit of the first waveguide resonant main cavity 2 starts to resonate.

[0213] A resonant circuit is arranged in the first waveguide resonant main cavity 2. When the variable capacitor arranged in the first waveguide resonant sub-cavity 3 is turned on, the resonant circuit of the first waveguide resonant main cavity 2 starts to resonate under the regulation of the waveguide resonant sub-cavity 3. The essence of resonance is the mutual conversion of the electric field energy in the capacitor and the magnetic field energy in the inductor, which increases and decreases, and is fully compensated.

[0214] Under the resonance of the resonant circuit, the sum of the electric field energy and the magnetic field energy of the first lightning interception device can remain constant at all times.

[0215] When the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit reaches a preset frequency, the first waveguide resonant main cavity 2 can generate a voltage that is Q times higher than the surface electric field intensity, and can transmit the generated voltage that is Q times higher than the surface electric field intensity to the tip of the first lightning rod 1. When the voltage at the tip of the first lightning rod 1 reaches Q times higher than the surface electric field intensity, the electric field intensity at the tip of the first lightning rod 1 increases as the distance of the downward leader of the lightning approaches. When the corona threshold is reached, the air around the tip of the lightning rod 1 can be ionized, thereby generating a corona current, wherein the corona current and the displacement current of the downward leader of the lightning are also called streamers because of their visible light. Under the action of the downward leader electric field of the lightning, this corona current moves toward the end of the downward leader of the lightning, thereby generating a target upward leader of a preset length.

[0216] After the target upward leader of the preset length is generated, the first target upward leader is still not connected to the downward leader of the lightning.

[0217] Since the corona current is transmitted from the earth to the tip of the first lightning rod 1 after the resonance of the resonant circuit of the first waveguide resonant main cavity 2, and the air around the tip is ionized to generate the corona current, under the action of the downward leader electric field of the lightning, the corona current moves in the air toward the end of the downward leader. At this time, at both ends of the strike distance above the tip of the first lightning rod 1, the polarity of the downward leader electric field of the lightning is negative and the direction is downward. The electric field polarity of the first target upward leader is positive and the direction is upward. When the downward leader of lightning is connected to the target upward leader, a lightning discharge channel can be formed to discharge the lightning current to the ground.

[0218] The first tuner 4 is connected to the first waveguide resonant sub-cavity 3, and can be used to adjust the distributed parameters such as capacitance and inductance of the first waveguide resonant main cavity 2 and the first waveguide resonant sub-cavity 3, so as to ensure the normal operation of the first waveguide resonant main cavity 2 and the first waveguide resonant sub-cavity 3.

[0219] It can be seen from the above technical solution that by using the first lightning interception device to protect the target protection area, a target upward leader of sufficient length can be generated so that it can be used to construct a lightning discharge channel, thereby effectively attenuating the lightning current and reducing the lightning electromagnetic field intensity. Therefore, it can be independently installed in the building to be protected to effectively intercept the lightning current. It not only improves the safety of the building to be protected, but also saves the use cost of lightning interception.

[0220] The second type,

[0221] If the building height at the lightning interception point in the target protection area exceeds a preset fourth threshold, a preset second lightning interception device may be used for interception.

[0222] in,

[0223] The preset second lightning interception device is a lightning interception device with a multi-pin structure.

[0224] in,

[0225] The preset fourth threshold is 15 meters.

[0226] For example,

[0227] Figure 7 A second lightning interception device is exemplified, such as Figure 7 As shown, the second lightning interception device may include the following:

[0228] A plurality of second lightning rods 1, an interceptor sphere 2, a first sphere connector 3, a second waveguide resonant main cavity 4, a second waveguide resonant sub-cavity 5, and a second tuner 6;

[0229] A plurality of second lightning rods 1 are connected to the surface of the interceptor sphere 2 in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction respectively; the interceptor sphere 2, the first sphere connector 3, the second waveguide resonant main cavity 4, the second waveguide resonant sub-cavity 5, and the second tuner 6 are connected in sequence;

[0230] in,

[0231] The second lightning rod 1, the second interceptor sphere 2, the second sphere connector 3, the second waveguide resonant main cavity 4, the second waveguide resonant sub-cavity 5, and the second tuner 6 are all made of metal, which can make the conductivity of the second lightning interception device better so that the lightning current can be better drained to the ground.

[0232] In thunderstorm weather, when charged clouds appear over high-rise buildings, a large amount of charge will be induced on the top of the high-rise buildings. As can be seen from the above introduction, the lightning current includes the top lightning current and the side lightning current. A plurality of second lightning rods 1 can be used to receive the top lightning current and the side lightning current from different directions.

[0233] In addition, one end of the second lightning rod 1 is set as a tip, so that most of the charges can be gathered at the tip end of the lightning rod 1 when electrostatic induction occurs.

[0234] As a result, the second lightning rod 1 forms a capacitor with the charged cloud layer. Since one end of the second lightning rod 1 is sharp, that is, the area directly opposite to the two plates of this capacitor is very small, the capacitance is also very small. In other words, the second lightning rod 1 can accommodate very little charge, but the second lightning rod 1 gathers most of the charge. Therefore, when the charged cloud layer has a large amount of charge, the air between the second lightning rod 1 and the cloud layer can be easily broken down and become a conductor.

[0235] In this way, the charged cloud layer forms a path with the lightning protection device. Since the first spherical connector 3 can be used to maintain the electrical path between the interceptor sphere 2 and the second waveguide resonant main cavity 4, the second waveguide resonant main cavity 4 can transfer the charge to the interceptor sphere 2. Therefore, the second lightning rod 1 is connected to the ground through the interceptor sphere 2, the first spherical connector 3, the second waveguide resonant main cavity 4, the second waveguide resonant sub-cavity 5, and the second tuner 6. Therefore, the second lightning rod 1 can conduct the charge of the cloud layer into the ground so that it does not pose a danger to high-rise buildings.

[0236] Therefore, a plurality of lightning rods 1 are arranged in the horizontal and vertical directions of the interceptor sphere 2 to receive the overhead lightning current and the side lightning current in the vertical and horizontal directions.

[0237] Since a plurality of second lightning rods 1 are required to receive the overhead lightning current and the side lightning current from the vertical and horizontal directions, the tips of the plurality of second lightning rods 1 need to maintain the same charge. Therefore, the interceptor sphere 2 can be used to evenly distribute the charge transmitted from the second waveguide resonant main cavity 4 to the plurality of second lightning rods 1.

[0238] The second waveguide resonant sub-cavity 5 has a variable capacitor built therein.

[0239] A variable capacitor is a capacitor whose capacitance can be adjusted within a certain range. The variable capacitor can change its capacitance by changing the relative effective area between the poles or the distance between the poles. It is usually used as a tuning capacitor in radio receiving circuits.

[0240] When there is no lightning activity, the electric field strength of the earth is equivalent to that on a sunny day, and the second lightning interceptor is in a stationary state.

[0241] When thunderstorm occurs, under the induction of the downward leader electric field at the bottom of the thundercloud charge center, the ground surface will be induced with a positive electric field opposite to the negative polarity electric field of the downward leader of the thundercloud. Under the induction of the downward leader electric field of the thundercloud, when the electric field strength of the ground surface reaches the preset starting threshold, the variable capacitor of the second waveguide resonant sub-cavity 5 can be turned on. After the variable capacitor of the second waveguide resonant sub-cavity 5 is turned on, the second waveguide resonant sub-cavity 5 can transform the charge polarity of the second lightning interception device into the same charge polarity as the charge polarity of the ground surface electric field based on the charge polarity of the ground surface electric field; and can adjust the starting voltage of the resonant circuit of the second waveguide resonant main cavity 4, so that the resonant circuit of the second waveguide resonant main cavity 4 starts to resonate.

[0242] A resonant circuit is arranged in the second waveguide resonant main cavity 4. When the variable capacitor arranged in the second waveguide resonant sub-cavity 5 is turned on, the resonant circuit of the second waveguide resonant main cavity 4 starts to resonate under the regulation of the second waveguide resonant sub-cavity 5. The essence of resonance is the mutual conversion of the electric field energy in the capacitor and the magnetic field energy in the inductor, which increases and decreases, and is fully compensated.

[0243] Under the resonance of the resonant circuit, the sum of the electric field energy and the magnetic field energy of the second lightning interception device can remain constant at all times. When the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit reaches the preset frequency, the second waveguide resonant main cavity 4 can generate a voltage Q times higher than the surface electric field strength, and can transmit the generated voltage Q times higher than the surface electric field strength to the tip of the second lightning rod 1. When the voltage at the tip of the second lightning rod 1 reaches Q times higher than the surface electric field strength, the electric field strength at the tip of the second lightning rod 1 increases as the distance of the lightning's downward leader approaches. When the corona threshold is reached, the air around the tip of the lightning rod 1 can be ionized, thereby generating a corona current, wherein the corona current and the displacement current of the lightning's downward leader are also called streamers because of their visible light. Under the action of the lightning's downward leader's electric field, this corona current moves toward the end of the lightning's downward leader, thereby generating a target upward leader of a preset length.

[0244] As can be seen from the above introduction, the second lightning interception device provided in the embodiment of the present application can generate a sufficiently long target upward leader to construct a lightning discharge channel, and adopt a plurality of second lightning rods 1 to receive the overhead lightning current and the side lightning current in different directions, effectively attenuate the lightning current in different directions and reduce the lightning electromagnetic field intensity. Therefore, it can be applied to buildings that need to prevent direct lightning current and induced lightning current, and is particularly suitable for use in buildings such as offshore wind power or high-voltage power transmission systems or high-speed rail contact networks. It can be independently installed in the building to be protected, and effectively intercepts lightning currents from different directions. It not only improves the safety of the building to be protected, but also saves the cost of use.

[0245] The third type,

[0246] If there are buildings that need to be protected in the target protection area, a lightning interception point can be set at the buildings that need to be protected in the target protection area, and a lightning suppression device can be installed downwind of the lightning interception point to reduce the probability of lightning strikes on the buildings that need to be protected in the target protection area, wherein the lightning suppression device is a spherical structure lightning suppression device.

[0247] For example,

[0248] Figure 8 An example of a lightning suppression device is shown in FIG. Figure 8 As shown, the lightning suppression device may include the following:

[0249] The suppressor sphere 1, the second sphere connector 2, the third waveguide resonant main cavity 3, the third waveguide resonant sub-cavity 4, and the third tuner 5.

[0250] The suppressor sphere 1, the second sphere connector 2, the third waveguide resonant main cavity 3, the third waveguide resonant sub-cavity 4, and the third tuner 5 are connected in sequence;

[0251] in,

[0252] The suppressor sphere 1, the second sphere connector 2, the third waveguide resonant main cavity 3, the third waveguide resonant sub-cavity 4, and the third tuner 5 are all made of metal, which can make the lightning suppression device more conductive, so that the lightning current can be better diverted to the ground when thunderstorms occur.

[0253] The second sphere connector 2 can be used to maintain an electrical path between the suppressor sphere 1 and the third waveguide resonant main cavity 3 , so that the third waveguide resonant main cavity 3 can transfer electric charges to the suppressor sphere 1 .

[0254] During thunderstorms, when charged clouds appear above high-rise buildings, a large amount of electric charge will be induced on the top of the high-rise buildings. From the above introduction, we can see that the lightning current includes the top lightning current and the side lightning current.

[0255] When the surface electric field intensity reaches the preset start threshold, the variable capacitor of the third waveguide resonant sub-cavity 4 can be turned on. The variable capacitor is a capacitor whose capacitance can be adjusted within a certain range. The variable capacitor can change its capacitance by changing the relative effective area between the pole pieces or the distance between the pole pieces. It is usually used as a tuning capacitor in a radio receiving circuit.

[0256] When there is no lightning activity, the electric field strength of the earth is equivalent to that on a sunny day, and the lightning interceptor is in a static state.

[0257] When thunderstorm occurs, under the induction of the downward leader electric field at the bottom of the thundercloud charge center, the ground surface will be induced with a positive electric field opposite to the negative polarity electric field of the downward leader of the thundercloud. Under the induction of the downward leader electric field of the thundercloud, when the electric field strength of the ground surface reaches the preset starting threshold, the variable capacitor of the third waveguide resonant sub-cavity 4 can be turned on. After the variable capacitor of the third waveguide resonant sub-cavity 4 is turned on, the third waveguide resonant sub-cavity 4 can transform the charge polarity of the lightning suppression device into the same charge polarity as the charge polarity of the ground surface electric field based on the charge polarity of the ground surface electric field; and can adjust the starting voltage of the resonant circuit of the third waveguide resonant main cavity 3, so that the resonant circuit of the third waveguide resonant main cavity 3 starts to resonate.

[0258] A resonant circuit is provided in the third waveguide resonant main cavity 3. When the variable capacitor provided in the third waveguide resonant sub-cavity 4 is turned on, the resonant circuit of the third waveguide resonant main cavity 3 begins to resonate under the regulation of the waveguide resonant sub-cavity 4. The essence of resonance is that the electric field energy in the capacitor and the magnetic field energy in the inductor are converted to each other, one increases while the other decreases, and the compensation is complete. Under the resonance of the resonant circuit, the sum of the electric field energy and the magnetic field energy of the lightning suppression device can remain constant at all times.

[0259] When the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit reaches the preset frequency, the third waveguide resonant main cavity 3 can generate a voltage that is Q times higher than the surface electric field strength, and can transmit the generated voltage that is Q times higher than the surface electric field strength to the surface of the suppressor sphere 1. When the voltage on the surface of the suppressor sphere 1 reaches Q times higher than the surface electric field strength, the charge will be evenly distributed on the surface of the suppressor sphere 1 to form a spherical charge body, which can greatly increase the electric field strength threshold required to generate an upward leader, and can effectively suppress lightning strikes.

[0260] From the above introduction, it can be known that if there is a tip on the surface of the suppressor sphere 1, the air around the tip is easily ionized under the influence of a voltage that is Q times higher than the electric field strength on the ground, thereby prompting the third waveguide resonant main cavity 2 to produce a sufficiently long upward leader. However, since the surface of the suppressor sphere 1 forms a spherical charge body, it is difficult for the air around the suppressor sphere 1 to be ionized, and it is difficult for the third waveguide resonant main cavity 2 to produce a sufficiently long upward leader. Even if the voltage generated by the third waveguide resonant main cavity 2 is Q times higher than the electric field strength on the ground, it is still possible to ionize the air around the suppressor sphere 1. When the intensity of the lightning electric field exceeds the threshold value of the lightning suppression device when the lightning strike is suppressed, the third waveguide resonant main cavity 3 can also generate a target upward leader, and the target upward leader generated by the third waveguide resonant main cavity 3 is also relatively short. It is likely to be shorter than the upward leader generated by other pointed objects on the ground.

[0261] When thunderstorms occur, the downward leader of lightning may preferentially connect with the upward leader generated by other pointed objects on the surface to form a lightning discharge channel and discharge most of the lightning current to the ground.

[0262] For example, the Q value of the resonant circuit in the third waveguide resonant main cavity 3 can be set to 36.

[0263] In addition, even if the suppressor sphere cannot suppress the third waveguide resonant main cavity 3 from generating an upward leader, since the suppressor sphere 1 is connected to the ground through the suppressor sphere 1, the second sphere connector 2, the third waveguide resonant main cavity 3, the third waveguide resonant sub-cavity 4, and the third tuner 5, the suppressor sphere 1 can conduct the charge of the cloud layer into the ground so that it does not pose a danger to high-rise buildings.

[0264] Under the action of the downward leader electric field of lightning, the corona current moves toward the end of the downward leader in the air. At this time, at both ends of the strike distance above the surface of the suppressor sphere 1, the polarity of the downward leader electric field of lightning is negative and the direction is downward. The polarity of the partial upward leader electric field generated by the third waveguide resonant main cavity 3 is positive and the direction is upward. The partial upward leader generated by the third waveguide resonant main cavity 3 can also be connected to the downward leader generated by part of the lightning current, and a lightning discharge channel can also be formed. The lightning current is discharged to the ground, and a small part of the lightning current is discharged to the ground.

[0265] The third tuner 5 can be used to adjust the distributed parameters such as capacitance and inductance of the third waveguide resonant main cavity 3 and the third waveguide resonant sub-cavity 4, so as to ensure the normal operation of the third waveguide resonant main cavity 3 and the third waveguide resonant sub-cavity 4.

[0266] It can be seen from the technical solution introduced above that the lightning suppression device provided in the embodiment of the present application can suppress the generation of an upward leader with a high probability and effectively suppress the occurrence of lightning strikes. Even if all lightning strikes cannot be suppressed, a lightning discharge channel can be constructed to discharge the lightning current to the ground. Therefore, it can be independently installed in the building to be protected, which effectively suppresses the lightning current, not only improving the safety of the building to be protected, but also saving the cost of use.

[0267] Finally, it should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0268] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0269] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables professionals and technicians in the field to implement or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to professionals and technicians in the field, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. The various embodiments can be combined with each other. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A regional lightning protection method, characterized in that: include: Determine the geographical environment parameters and geometric shape parameters of the target protected area; Determine the area of ​​the target protected area according to the geographical environment parameters and geometric shape parameters of the target protected area; Determining a lightning strike path in the target protection area; Determine the protection range of the target protection area according to the lightning strike path of the target protection area and the area of ​​the target protection area; installing a number of target lightning protection devices within the protection range of the target protection area; If four target lightning protection devices are installed within the area of ​​the target protection area, the protection range of the target protection area is determined according to the lightning strike path of the target protection area and the area of ​​the target protection area, including: Determine the straight-line distance from the first interception point in the upwind direction to the downwind direction of the lightning strike path in the target protection area; Determine that within the straight-line distance from the first interception point in the upwind direction to the downwind direction of the lightning strike path of the target protection area, there is no protection area that exceeds the protection height of the first interception point in the upwind direction, in, The calculation formula for the protection area within the straight-line distance from the first interception point in the upwind direction to the downwind direction of the lightning strike path of the target protection area, which does not exceed the protection height of the first interception point in the upwind direction, is as follows: A=L×W in, The calculation formula for the downwind protection radius in each of the four target lightning protection devices installed in the target protection area is as follows: in, A represents the protection area within the straight-line distance from the first interception point in the upwind direction to the downwind direction of the lightning strike path of the target protection area, which does not exceed the protection height of the first interception point in the upwind direction; L represents the straight-line distance between the first target lightning arrester and the second target lightning arrester among the four target lightning arresters installed in the target protection area, in meters; W represents the straight-line distance between the third target lightning arrester and the fourth target lightning arrester among the four target lightning arresters installed in the target protection area, in meters; If the building height at the lightning interception point in the target protection area does not exceed a preset fourth threshold, a preset first lightning interception device is used for interception, wherein the preset first lightning interception device is a lightning interception device with a single-needle structure; If the building height at the lightning interception point in the target protection area exceeds a preset fourth threshold, a preset second lightning interception device is used for interception, wherein the preset second lightning interception device is a lightning interception device with a multi-needle structure, wherein the preset fourth threshold is 15 meters; If there are buildings that need to be focused on protection in the target protection area, a lightning interception point is set at the buildings that need to be focused on protection in the target protection area, and a lightning suppression device is installed downwind of the lightning interception point to reduce the probability of lightning strikes on the buildings that need to be focused on protection in the target protection area, wherein the lightning suppression device is a spherical structure lightning suppression device.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further includes: The height of the target lightning arrester installed in the target protection area should be installed according to the preset installation principle, where: The preset installation principles include the following: The height of the target lightning protection device installed in the target protection area should be higher than the height of the surface objects in the target protection area; If the target protection area includes a wind turbine, when installing the target lightning protection device in the target protection area, it needs to be installed on the wind direction and anemometer stand of the wind turbine cabin in the target protection area, and the installation height of the target lightning protection device should be higher than the height of the wind direction and anemometer of the wind turbine cabin by a preset first height, wherein the value range of the preset first height is greater than or equal to 0.5 meters; If the target protection area includes a high-voltage transmission line tower, then when installing the target lightning arrester in the target protection area, it needs to be installed on the high-voltage transmission line tower in the target protection area, and the installation height of the target lightning arrester should be higher than the height of the overhead lightning conductor of the high-voltage transmission line tower in the target protection area by a preset second height, wherein the value range of the preset second height is greater than 1 meter.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method further includes: When there is a ground object higher than the lightning interception device at the first interception point in the target protection area downwind, a second interception point is set for the target protection area; When there is a high mountain range outside the target protection area at a preset third threshold value downwind, the second interception point should be set at the foot of the mountain after the first interception point is set according to the preset requirements, wherein the preset third threshold value is 1 km; When the target protection area is located in a ravine between two mountain ranges, a first interception point is set upwind of the target protection area, and a second interception point is set outside the protected area downwind of the target protection area.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method further includes: When there are two or more main lightning strike paths in the target protection area, lightning strike interception points are respectively set upwind of each main lightning strike path.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The first lightning interception device comprises: A first lightning rod, a first waveguide resonant main cavity, a first waveguide resonant sub-cavity, and a first tuner, wherein the first lightning rod, the first waveguide resonant main cavity, the first waveguide resonant sub-cavity, and the first tuner are all made of metal; The first lightning rod, the first waveguide resonant main cavity, the first waveguide resonant sub-cavity, and the first tuner are connected in sequence; The first lightning rod is used to receive lightning current, and the first waveguide resonant sub-cavity has a built-in variable capacitor. When the surface electric field strength reaches a preset starting threshold, the variable capacitor of the first waveguide resonant sub-cavity is turned on, and based on the charge polarity of the surface electric field, the charge polarity of the first lightning interception device is converted to the same charge polarity as the surface electric field; and the starting voltage of the resonant circuit of the first waveguide resonant main cavity is adjusted, so that the resonant circuit of the first waveguide resonant main cavity starts to resonate; A resonant circuit is arranged in the first waveguide resonant main cavity. Under the regulation of the first waveguide resonant sub-cavity, the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit reaches a preset frequency, generates a voltage Q times higher than the surface electric field intensity, and transmits it to the tip of the first lightning rod, generates a first target upward leader of a preset length, and when the downward leader of lightning is connected to the first target upward leader, a lightning discharge channel is formed to discharge the lightning current to the ground, wherein the first target upward leader is; The first tuner is used to adjust the distributed parameters of the first waveguide resonant main cavity and the first waveguide resonant sub-cavity.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The second lightning interception device comprises: A plurality of second lightning rods, an interceptor sphere, a first sphere connector, a second waveguide resonant main cavity, a second waveguide resonant sub-cavity, and a second tuner; the second lightning rod, the interceptor sphere, the first sphere connector, the second waveguide resonant main cavity, the second waveguide resonant sub-cavity, and the second tuner are all made of metal; A plurality of the second lightning rods are connected to the surface of the interceptor sphere from the vertical direction and the horizontal direction respectively, and the interceptor sphere, the first sphere connector, the second waveguide resonant main cavity, the second waveguide resonant sub-cavity, and the second tuner are connected in sequence; The second lightning rod is used to receive lightning current in vertical and horizontal directions; The first sphere connector is used to maintain an electrical path between the interceptor sphere and the second waveguide resonant main cavity; The interceptor sphere is used to evenly distribute the charge transmitted from the second waveguide resonant main cavity to a plurality of second lightning rods; When the surface electric field intensity reaches a preset starting threshold, the variable capacitor built into the second waveguide resonant sub-cavity is turned on, and based on the charge polarity of the surface electric field, the charge polarity of the lightning interception device is transformed into the same charge polarity as the charge polarity of the surface electric field; and the starting voltage of the resonant circuit of the second waveguide resonant main cavity is adjusted, so that the resonant circuit of the second waveguide resonant main cavity starts to resonate; The second waveguide resonant main cavity has a built-in resonant circuit. Under the regulation of the second waveguide resonant sub-cavity, the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit reaches a preset frequency, generates a voltage Q times higher than the surface electric field strength, and transmits it to the tips of a plurality of the second lightning rods, generating a target upward leader longer than a preset length; when the downward leader of lightning is connected to the target upward leader, a lightning discharge channel is formed to discharge the lightning current to the ground; The second tuner is used to adjust the distributed parameters in the waveguide resonance main cavity and the waveguide resonance sub-cavity.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The lightning suppression device comprises: The suppressor sphere, the second sphere connector, the third waveguide resonance main cavity, the third waveguide resonance sub-cavity, and the third tuner; the suppressor sphere, the second sphere connector, the third waveguide resonance main cavity, the third waveguide resonance sub-cavity, and the third tuner are all made of metal; The suppressor sphere, the second sphere connector, the third waveguide resonant main cavity, the third waveguide resonant sub-cavity, and the third tuner are connected in sequence; The suppressor sphere is used to suppress direct lightning; The second sphere connector is used to maintain an electrical path between the suppressor sphere and the third waveguide resonant main cavity; When the surface electric field intensity reaches a preset starting threshold, the variable capacitor of the third waveguide resonant sub-cavity is turned on, and based on the charge polarity of the surface electric field, the charge polarity of the lightning suppression device is transformed into the same charge polarity as the charge polarity of the surface electric field; and the starting voltage of the resonant circuit of the third waveguide resonant main cavity is adjusted so that the resonant circuit of the third waveguide resonant main cavity starts to resonate; The third waveguide resonant main cavity has a built-in resonant circuit. Under the regulation of the waveguide resonant sub-cavity, the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit reaches a preset frequency, generates a voltage Q times higher than the surface electric field strength, and transmits it to the surface of the suppressor sphere, so that the charge is evenly distributed on the surface of the suppressor sphere to form a spherical charge body, and generates a target upward leader of a preset length when the lightning electric field strength exceeds a preset threshold; when the downward leader of lightning is connected to the target upward leader, a lightning discharge channel is formed to discharge the lightning current to the ground; The third tuner is used to adjust the distributed parameters in the third waveguide resonant main cavity and the third waveguide resonant sub-cavity.

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