A method for processing a special-shaped hole by precisely regulating a spatial trajectory of a light beam

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of light beam space trajectory precision control special-shaped hole processing method, mainly solve the technical problems that existing device is difficult to accurately control the non-taper of special-shaped hole when processing, difficult to realize high-quality special-shaped hole processing, including the following steps: step 1, input the graphic data of special-shaped hole to be processed;Step 2, according to the diameter of incircle or circumscribed circle of special-shaped hole to be processed and graphic data adjust the inclination of flat plate glass in laser spiral scanning processing device;Step 3, input the preset processing parameters of special-shaped hole to be processed;Step 4, control laser beam to carry out scanning with preset spiral scanning track;Step 5, control laser beam to open only in processing area, according to the shape of special-shaped hole and process;Step 6, control spiral scanning laser processing head to feed down according to preset processing parameters, and return to step 4, process the next layer of special-shaped hole to be processed, until the processing of special-shaped hole is completed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a hole-making method, specifically to a method for machining irregularly shaped holes with precise control of the spatial trajectory of a light beam. Background Technology

[0002] Existing optical wedge-type laser spiral scanning processing equipment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the system includes a control system 01, a motor assembly 02, a flat glass plate 03, an upper deflecting wedge 04, a lower deflecting wedge 05, a laser 06, a reflector 07, and a focusing lens 08. The flat glass plate 03, upper deflecting wedge 04, lower deflecting wedge 05, reflector 07, and focusing lens 08 form a laser spiral scanning head. The motor assembly 02 includes motor one, motor two, and motor three. Motor one drives the flat glass plate 03, motor two drives the upper deflecting wedge 04, and motor three drives the lower deflecting wedge 05. During processing, the laser beam emitted by the laser 06 is reflected by the reflector 07 into the flat glass plate 03. First, the beam is laterally deflected by changing the tilt angle of the flat glass plate 03. Then, the laser scanning trajectory of different diameter rings is achieved by changing the phase angle between the upper deflecting wedge 04 and the lower deflecting wedge 05. Finally, the focusing lens 08 focuses the beam onto the surface of the workpiece for hole processing.

[0003] However, existing optical wedge-type spiral scanning laser devices can usually only be used for processing round holes, and it is difficult to process triangular holes, square holes, etc. Existing scanning galvanometers, piezoelectric ceramics and other devices can achieve beam scanning at any position in the XY plane, but they cannot precisely control the spatial attitude of the beam, making it difficult to process different hole shapes (positive cone, inverted cone, straight hole). Chinese patent CN111805099A discloses a laser scanning device and scanning method based on regional modulation technology, which realizes the coordinated control between the beam trajectory position and the laser energy, and can be used for processing irregular holes such as fan-shaped and square holes. However, the taper of the irregular holes cannot be precisely controlled, making it difficult to achieve high-quality irregular hole processing. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the technical problem that existing devices are difficult to precisely control the non-tapering of irregular holes when processing irregular holes, making it difficult to achieve high-quality irregular hole processing. The invention provides a method for processing irregular holes with precise control of the spatial trajectory of the beam.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A method for precisely controlling the spatial trajectory of a beam to fabricate irregularly shaped holes, characterized by the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Input the graphic data of the irregular hole to be processed into the control system of the laser spiral scanning processing device;

[0008] Step 2, adjust the inclination of the flat glass in the laser spiral scanning processing device according to the diameter of the incircle or circumscribed circle of the irregular hole to be processed and the graphic data, so that the laser beam output by the laser spiral scanning processing device is in an inverted cone, a positive cone or a vertical state;

[0009] Step 3, input the preset processing parameters of the irregular hole to be processed into the control system;

[0010] Step 4, control the motor one, motor two and motor three in the laser spiral scanning processing device to rotate at their respective preset rotating speeds, and control the laser beam to scan in a preset spiral scanning trajectory;

[0011] Step 5, since the trajectory of the laser beam at the edge according to the preset spiral scanning trajectory is circular, in order to realize the processing of the irregular hole, the control system analyzes in real time whether the position of the laser beam is within the processing range of the irregular hole to be processed during the processing of the irregular hole by the laser beam in the preset spiral scanning trajectory; if yes, the laser in the laser spiral scanning processing device is turned on for scanning; if not, the laser is not turned on; in this way, the laser is selectively turned on and turned off, and when scanning to the contour edge of the irregular hole, the processing can be carried out according to the shape of the irregular hole;

[0012] Step 6, control the spiral scanning laser processing head in the laser spiral scanning processing device to feed downward according to the preset processing parameters, and return to step 4 to process the next layer of the irregular hole to be processed, until the processing of the irregular hole is completed according to the preset processing parameters.

[0013] Further, in step 4, the preset spiral scanning trajectory satisfies the following relationship:

[0014]

[0015] In the formula: x and y are respectively the coordinates of the laser beam on the part to be processed; θ m is the angular velocity of the relative rotation of the upper deflection wedge and the lower deflection wedge; θ v is the spiral scanning angular velocity; α is the wedge angle of the upper deflection wedge and the lower deflection wedge; n is the refractive index of the upper deflection wedge and the lower deflection wedge; f is the focal length of the focusing mirror; t is the processing time.

[0016] Further, θ v = 251.3274 rad / s, f = 100 mm, n = 1.50899, α = 0.006 rad, θ m = 1.5708 rad / s.

[0017] Further, in step 1, the graphic data includes the point coordinates and types of the irregular hole to be processed.

[0018] Further, the type of the to-be-processed special-shaped hole is a triangular inverted conical hole or a triangular straight hole.

[0019] Step 2 specifically comprises: adjusting the inclination angle of the plate glass in the laser spiral scanning processing device according to the inscribed circle diameter of the to-be-processed special-shaped hole, so that the laser beam output by the laser spiral scanning processing device is in an inverted conical or vertical state.

[0020] Further, the type of the to-be-processed special-shaped hole is a triangular inverted conical hole or a triangular straight hole.

[0021] Step 2 specifically comprises: adjusting the inclination angle of the plate glass in the laser spiral scanning processing device according to the inscribed circle diameter of the to-be-processed special-shaped hole, so that the laser beam output by the laser spiral scanning processing device is in an inverted conical or vertical state.

[0022] Further, in step 3, the preset processing parameters include the number of layers of the spiral scanning track, the feeding amount of the spiral scanning laser processing head, the power of the laser, and the pulse repetition frequency.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0024] The present application adjusts the angle of the output laser beam by adjusting the inclination angle of the plate glass, thereby achieving the taper adjustment of the to-be-processed hole and the precise control of the taper of the special-shaped hole. The laser beam is controlled to process the special-shaped hole in a preset spiral scanning track by controlling the motor one, the motor two and the motor three to rotate at respective preset speeds. The processing position of the laser beam is analyzed in real time by the control system, and the laser is controlled to emit laser for processing only in the processing range, thereby achieving the processing of special-shaped holes of different sizes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the prior art laser spiral scanning processing device;

[0026] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the laser beam in a positive conical state in the embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the laser beam in an inverted conical state in the embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 4 is a spiral scanning track diagram in the embodiment of the present application.

[0029] In the figure: 01-control system, 02-motor group, 03-plate glass, 04-upper deflection optical wedge, 05-lower deflection optical wedge, 06-laser, 07-reflection mirror, 08-focusing mirror. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the purposes, advantages and characteristics of the present application clearer, a kind of light beam space trajectory precision control's special-shaped hole processing method of the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with drawings and specific embodiments.According to the following specific embodiments, the advantages and characteristics of the present application will be clearer.It should be noted that:All the drawings are very simplified and all use non-precise scale, only to facilitate, clearly assist the purpose of explaining the embodiments of the present application;Second, the structure shown in the drawings is often a part of the actual structure.

[0031] Example one

[0032] The special-shaped hole processing method of the present application, comprising the following steps:

[0033] Step 1, input the graphic data of the special-shaped hole to be processed to the control system 01 of the laser spiral scanning processing device, which includes the point coordinate and type data information of the special-shaped hole to be processed;In this embodiment, the type of the special-shaped hole to be processed is taken as a triangular inverted cone hole, or a triangular straight hole is taken as an example;

[0034] Step 2, adjust the inclination angle of the flat glass 03 in the laser spiral scanning processing device according to the inscribed circle diameter of the special-shaped hole to be processed and the graphic data, so that the laser beam output by the laser spiral scanning processing device is in an inverted cone (refer to Figure 3 ) or vertical state;Wherein the inverted cone state is used for processing triangular inverted cone hole, and the vertical state is used for processing triangular straight hole;

[0035] Step 3, input the preset processing parameters of the special-shaped hole to be processed to the control system 01, which includes the number of layers of spiral scanning trajectory, the feed amount of spiral scanning laser processing head, the power of laser, the pulse repetition frequency, etc.

[0036] Step 4, control the motor one, motor two and motor three in the laser spiral scanning processing device to rotate at their respective preset rotating speeds, and control the laser beam to scan at the preset spiral scanning trajectory (refer to Figure 4 );

[0037] The preset spiral scanning trajectory satisfies the following relationship:

[0038]

[0039] In the formula: x and y are the coordinates of the laser beam on the part to be processed;θ m Is the angular velocity of the relative rotation of the upper deflection wedge 04 and the lower deflection wedge 05;θ v Is the spiral scanning angular velocity;Alpha is the wedge angle of the upper deflection wedge 04 and the lower deflection wedge 05;N is the refractive index of the upper deflection wedge 04 and the lower deflection wedge 05;F is the focal length of the focusing mirror 08;T is the processing time.

[0040] Specifically, in the present embodiment, θ v = 251.3274 rad / s, f = 100 mm, n = 1.50899, a = 0.006 rad, θ m = 1.5708 rad / s.

[0041] Step 5, in the process of the laser beam processing the special-shaped hole in the preset spiral scanning trajectory, the position of the laser beam is analyzed in real time by the control system 01 whether it is in the processing range of the special-shaped hole to be processed; if yes, the laser 06 in the laser spiral scanning processing device is turned on to scan; if not, the laser 06 is not turned on; so that the laser only processes in the processing area and does not process outside the processing area, realizing the processing of the contour edge of the special-shaped hole with the preset shape;

[0042] Step 6, the spiral scanning laser processing head in the laser spiral scanning processing device is controlled to feed downward according to the preset processing parameters, and returns to step 4 to process the next layer of the special-shaped hole to be processed, until the processing of the special-shaped hole is completed according to the preset processing parameters.

[0043] Embodiment two

[0044] In the present embodiment, the type of the special-shaped hole to be processed is a triangular positive conical hole; the difference from embodiment one is that step 2 is specifically: the inclination angle of the flat plate glass 03 in the laser spiral scanning processing device is adjusted according to the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the special-shaped hole to be processed, so that the laser beam output by the laser spiral scanning processing device is in a positive conical state (for reference Figure 2 ). The other steps are the same as those in embodiment one.

[0045] In other embodiments of the present application, if the type of the special-shaped hole to be processed is a square (or other polygonal, irregular arc-shaped, etc.) inverted conical hole and a square straight hole, it can be processed according to the steps of embodiment one, and if the type of the special-shaped hole to be processed is a square positive conical hole, it can be processed according to the steps of embodiment two.

[0046] The above detailed the preferred embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make many modifications and changes without creative labor according to the concept of the present application. Therefore, any technical solution obtained by logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiment on the basis of the prior art according to the concept of the present application shall be within the protection scope determined by the claims.

Claims

1. A method for processing a special-shaped hole by precisely regulating a spatial trajectory of a light beam, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: inputting the graphic data of the irregular hole to be processed into the control system of the laser spiral scanning processing device; Step 2: adjusting the inclination angle of the flat glass in the laser spiral scanning processing device according to the diameter of the incircle or circumscribed circle of the irregular hole to be processed and the graphic data, so that the laser beam output by the laser spiral scanning processing device is in an inverted cone, a normal cone or a vertical state; Step 3: inputting the preset processing parameters of the irregular hole to be processed into the control system; Step 4: controlling the motor one, motor two and motor three in the laser spiral scanning processing device to rotate at their respective preset rotating speeds, so as to control the laser beam to scan in a preset spiral scanning track and process the irregular hole; The preset spiral scanning track satisfies the following relationship: In the formula: x and y are coordinates of the laser beam on the part to be processed; θ m is the angular velocity of relative rotation of the upper deflecting wedge and the lower deflecting wedge. θ v is the spiral scanning angular velocity; a is the wedge angle of the upper deflecting wedge and the lower deflecting wedge; n is the refractive index of the upper deflecting wedge and the lower deflecting wedge; f is the focal length of the focusing mirror; t is the processing time; Step 5: in the scanning process, the control system analyzes in real time whether the position of the laser beam is within the processing range of the irregular hole to be processed; if yes, the laser in the laser spiral scanning processing device is turned on for scanning; if not, the laser is not turned on; Step 6: controlling the spiral scanning laser processing head in the laser spiral scanning processing device to feed downward according to the preset processing parameters, and returning to step 4 to process the next layer of the irregular hole to be processed until the processing of the irregular hole is completed according to the preset processing parameters.

2. The irregular hole processing method of claim 1, wherein: The θ v = 251.3274 rad / s, f = 100 mm, n = 1.50899, a = 0.006 rad, θ m = 1.5708 rad / s.

3. The irregular hole processing method of claim 1 or 2, wherein: In step 1, the graphic data includes the point coordinates and type of the irregular hole to be processed.

4. The irregular hole processing method of claim 3, wherein: The type of the irregular hole to be processed is a triangular inverted cone hole or a triangular straight hole. Step 2 specifically adjusts the inclination angle of the flat glass in the laser spiral scanning processing device according to the diameter of the incircle of the irregular hole to be processed, so that the laser beam output by the laser spiral scanning processing device is in an inverted cone or vertical state.

5. The irregular hole processing method of claim 3, wherein: The type of the irregular hole to be processed is a triangular normal cone hole. Step 2 specifically adjusts the inclination angle of the flat glass in the laser spiral scanning processing device according to the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the irregular hole to be processed, so that the laser beam output by the laser spiral scanning processing device is in a normal cone state.

6. The irregular hole processing method of claim 1 or 2, wherein: In step 3, the preset processing parameters include the number of layers of the spiral scanning track, the feeding amount of the spiral scanning laser processing head, the power of the laser, and the pulse repetition frequency.

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