A multi-degree-of-freedom three-dimensional physical similarity model excavation and pull-out device

Abstract

This invention relates to a multi-degree-of-freedom three-dimensional physical similarity model excavation and pulling device, which includes a model square tube and a horizontal pulling mechanism. The model square tube is horizontally buried in a coal and rock stratum model in a parallel arrangement. The horizontal pulling mechanism includes a horizontal support and a pulling power module. The horizontal support includes a base and a column vertically fixed on the base. An upper crossbeam is hinged to the top of the column. An automatic telescopic rod is hinged between the upper crossbeam and the column. An auxiliary crossbeam is provided below the outer end of the upper crossbeam. The inner end of the auxiliary crossbeam is hinged to the middle of the upper crossbeam. The pulling power module includes a fixing ring provided on the column and a power mechanism hooked on the fixing ring. A pulling ring corresponding to the hook on the power mechanism is provided at the outer end of the model square tube.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a multi-degree-of-freedom three-dimensional physical similarity model excavation and pulling device, specifically belonging to the technical field of coal seam mining simulation devices. Background Technology

[0002] Utilizing three-dimensional physical similarity model (3D physical similarity model) experiments to conduct mining-related tests and understand mining patterns is an important research method in the mining field. The development of 3D physical similarity model test platforms is a hot topic, with many researchers and research institutes developing platforms that meet different excavation similarity conditions and characteristics, achieving certain research results. However, most 3D physical similarity model tests still rely on manual excavation methods using two-dimensional planar models. This is labor-intensive, inaccurate, and makes it difficult to obtain accurate excavation parameters in simulating coal seam mining. Especially for large-scale 3D physical similarity models, excavation is difficult, the excavation process is hard to control, and the excavation has a large impact range, affecting test results and the 3D experimental process. To address these problems, this invention provides a multi-degree-of-freedom 3D physical similarity model excavation and pull-out device. This device allows for flexible multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment based on the model height and excavation parameters, while simultaneously enabling the testing and control of excavation displacement, excavation speed, and advance support pressure during the excavation process. This significantly improves the excavation efficiency of 3D physical similarity models and allows for the synchronous acquisition of excavation characteristic parameters. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a multi-degree-of-freedom three-dimensional physical similarity model excavation and pull-out device, which can flexibly adjust the model height and excavation parameters according to multiple degrees of freedom. At the same time, it can realize the testing and control of excavation displacement, excavation speed and advance support pressure during the excavation process, which greatly improves the excavation efficiency of the three-dimensional physical similarity model and realizes the synchronous acquisition of excavation characteristic parameters.

[0004] To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A multi-degree-of-freedom three-dimensional physical similarity model excavation and pulling device includes a model square tube and a horizontal pulling mechanism, wherein the model square tube is horizontally buried in the coal and rock stratum model in a side-by-side manner.

[0006] The horizontal pulling mechanism includes a horizontal support and a pulling power module. The horizontal support includes a base and a column vertically fixed on the base. An upper crossbeam is hinged to the top of the column, and an automatic telescopic rod is hinged between the upper crossbeam and the column. An auxiliary crossbeam is provided below the outer end of the upper crossbeam, and the inner end of the auxiliary crossbeam is hinged to the middle of the upper crossbeam. The pulling power module includes a fixing ring on the column and a power mechanism hooked on the fixing ring. The outer end of the model square tube is provided with a pulling ring corresponding to the hook on the power mechanism.

[0007] In one embodiment of the present invention, a vertical groove is formed on the inner side of the column, and the fixing ring includes a slide seat that is engaged in the groove and a connecting plate that is fixed on the slide seat. A hanging hole is formed on the connecting plate. Multiple insertion holes are formed vertically on the side of the column, and the insertion holes are horizontally connected to the groove. A through hole corresponding to the insertion hole is formed on the slide seat. The slide seat is fixed in the groove by an insertion rod that passes through the insertion hole and the through hole. A lifting rod is formed vertically below the groove inside the column, and the upper end of the lifting rod cooperates with the bottom of the slide seat.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, the automatic telescopic rod is a hydraulic rod or an electric screw, with its two ends respectively hinged to the column and the upper crossbeam via hinge seats. There are two automatic telescopic rods, located on both sides of the slide groove.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, the power mechanism includes a winding motor and a winding wheel mounted on the output shaft of the winding motor. The winding wheel is coaxially fixed to a gear via a connecting shaft. Gear 1 meshes with gear 2. Gear 2 is mounted on a horizontal support shaft via a bearing. A sleeve is coaxially fixed to the outer end of the support shaft. A mounting plate is vertically fixed to the inner side of the sleeve. A mounting rod is horizontally fixed to the middle of the outer side of the mounting plate. A clearance hole is formed in the upper part of the mounting plate along the left-right direction. The free end of the mounting rod is hinged to the middle of the connecting rod. The upper end of the connecting rod is hinged to a pin rod. Together, the free end of the pin rod passes through the clearance hole and corresponds to the gear teeth of gear one; the lower end of the connecting rod passes through the vertical clearance groove on the sleeve; a push-pull rod is fixed on the lower left side of the connecting rod; the left end of the push-pull rod passes through the sleeve and is connected to the adjusting lever; two grooves one and two grooves two are centrally symmetrically arranged on the left end face of the sleeve; the line connecting the two grooves one and the line connecting the two grooves two are perpendicular to each other; the depth of groove one is greater than the depth of groove two; a tension spring is provided on the support shaft between the connecting rod and the mounting plate; a rotating handle is provided on the outer end of the sleeve.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, a mounting base is provided below the gear two. A triangular flipping block is rotatably provided on the mounting base via a bracket and a flipping shaft. The flipping shaft is parallel to the support shaft. A spring is vertically fixed on the top of the mounting base below the left side of the flipping block. A mounting hole is vertically fixed on the mounting base below the right side of the flipping block. A second mounting hole is connected to the first mounting hole below the first mounting hole, and the diameter of the first mounting hole is larger than the diameter of the second mounting hole. A threaded rod is provided in the first mounting hole, and a compression spring is sleeved on the threaded rod. A stop block is fixed on the top of the threaded rod, and the bottom of the threaded rod passes through the mounting base and is threadedly connected to the threaded sleeve.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the winding reel, winding motor, gear one, and gear two are all housed within the outer casing. The traction rope on the winding reel passes through the rope outlet hole on the side of the outer casing. Two guide wheels are symmetrically arranged above and below the rope outlet hole inside the outer casing. The traction rope has uniformly arranged scale markings along its length. A laser sensor corresponding to the traction rope is fixed to the inner wall of the outer casing. The movement distance of the traction rope is detected by recognizing the scale markings. The model square tube has uniformly arranged scale markings along its length. A laser sensor corresponding to the model square tube is fixed to the outer wall of the outer casing. The movement distance of the model square tube is detected by recognizing the scale markings.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, a limiting plate corresponding to the auxiliary crossbeam is fixedly provided below the upper crossbeam to prevent the auxiliary crossbeam from flipping downward.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the model square tube includes a tube 1 and a plurality of tubes 2 inserted together in sequence. A hanging hole 2 is provided on the left side wall of the tube 1, and a plug is provided on the right side of the tube 1. Inverted inserts are provided on both sides of the plug. Slots corresponding to the inverted inserts are provided on both sides of the left inner wall of the tube 2, and a plug is provided on the right side of the tube 2. Inverted inserts are provided on both sides of the plug, and the plug is adapted to the inner diameter of the left end of the tube 2.

[0014] As one embodiment of the present invention, it also includes a control platform disposed on the upper crossbeam. The control platform includes a switch, a display module, a data storage and program control analysis module, and the control platform is linearly connected to the power mechanism.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the left end of the base, the left end of the upper crossbeam, and the left end of the auxiliary crossbeam are on the same vertical plane and are adapted to the side wall of the coal and rock stratum model during the pull-out test; the bottom of the base is provided with multiple casters with brake pads.

[0016] The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are as follows:

[0017] The multi-degree-of-freedom three-dimensional physical similarity model excavation and pull-out device provided by this invention can be flexibly adjusted according to the model height and excavation parameters. At the same time, it can realize the testing and control of excavation displacement, excavation speed and advance support pressure during the excavation process, which greatly improves the excavation efficiency of the three-dimensional physical similarity model and realizes the synchronous acquisition of excavation characteristic parameters.

[0018] The use of horizontal supports can adapt to coal seam excavation at different locations and angles. The horizontal structure can effectively support the coal and rock strata model during the excavation process, playing a stabilizing and balancing role.

[0019] The column is equipped with a sliding groove, and the pulling power module can be adjusted in height within the groove, allowing for flexible adjustment of the pulling position. Combined with the horizontal support, it can adapt to coal seam excavation at different heights. Furthermore, in Embodiment 1, the pulling power module achieves precise control of the pulling process through a combination of a traction rope, a distance measuring sensor, an electronic force gauge, and a control platform.

[0020] The control platform includes a switch, a display module, a data storage and program control analysis module, which can display and record pull-out test data in real time. At the same time, it can perform feedback control on the pull-out power module based on the pull-out data. The test data is stored in real time, reducing the original manual excavation process and improving work efficiency.

[0021] The model square tube adopts a modular design, which is convenient for movement, storage, and refurbishment. Tube 1 and Tube 2 are combined together by inverted inserts and slot sockets. The number of Tube 2 can be adjusted according to similar coal seam excavation conditions, thereby simulating different excavation conditions.

[0022] The power mechanism in Example 2 utilizes the lever principle and is equipped with a rotating handle, allowing for simulation testing even during power outages. During a power outage, when the pulling test on the model square tube is performed and the traction rope is wound around the handle, the second gear rotates counter-clockwise. The presence of the flipping block, stop, and compression spring prevents clockwise rotation of the second gear, which could cause injury. The first spring ensures the flipping block remains upright. Laser sensors one and two measure the displacement of the traction rope and the model square tube respectively, and the combined analysis of the two measurements improves the accuracy of the model square tube displacement measurement. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal drawing mechanism in this invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the fixing ring structure in this invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the coal and rock strata model in this invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is another structural schematic diagram of the coal and rock strata model in this invention.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the model square tube in this invention.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electric hoist in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the coal and rock strata model and the power mechanism in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle.

[0031] Figure 9 This is a right-side structural schematic diagram of the power mechanism in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the sleeve and support shaft in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the sleeve and support shaft in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0034] The components include: 1. Base, 2. Column, 3. Reinforcing rod, 4. Lifting rod, 5. Slide groove, 6. Insertion hole, 7. Fixing ring, 701. Slide seat, 702. Connecting plate, 703. Through hole, 704. Hanging hole one, 8. Upper crossbeam, 9. Automatic telescopic rod, 10. Auxiliary crossbeam, 11. Limiting plate, 12. Control platform, 13. Electric hoist, 14. Hook one, 15. Traction rope, 16. Hook two, 17. Limiting device, 18. Caster, 19. Pipe one, 20. Hanging hole two, 21. Plug, 22. Inverted insert, 23. Pipe two, 24. Slot, 25. Button, 26. Pull ring, 27. Coal and rock strata model, 28. Opening, 29. Baffle, 30. Scale mark one, 31. Scale mark two, 32. Laser sensor one, 33. Laser sensor two. 34 Winding reel, 35 Winding motor, 36 Connecting shaft, 37 Gear 1, 38 Gear 2, 39 Support shaft, 40 Sleeve, 41 Clearance groove, 42 Groove 1, 43 Groove 2, 44 Mounting plate, 45 Clearance hole, 46 Mounting rod, 47 Pin rod, 48 Connecting rod, 49 Push-pull rod, 50 Adjusting paddle, 51 Tension spring, 52 Rotating handle, 53 Bearing, 54 Mounting base, 55 Mounting hole 1, 56 Mounting hole 2, 57 Compression spring, 58 Stop block, 59 Threaded rod, 60 Threaded sleeve, 61 Spring 1, 62 Bracket, 6201 Tilting shaft, 63 Tilting block, 64 Guide wheel, 65 Stop sleeve, 66 Spring 2, 67 Housing, 6701 Rope outlet hole, 68 Support plate. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0036] Example 1:

[0037] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4The multi-degree-of-freedom three-dimensional physical similarity model excavation and pulling device shown includes a model square tube and a horizontal pulling mechanism. The model square tube is horizontally buried in a coal and rock stratum model 27 in a side-by-side manner. The side wall of the coal and rock stratum model 27 has an opening 28. The model square tubes are horizontally arranged in a row and are inserted into the opening 28 in contact with each other. One end of the tube 19 with a hanging hole 20 faces outward.

[0038] The horizontal pulling mechanism includes a horizontal support and a pulling power module. The horizontal support includes a base 1 and a column 2 vertically fixed on the base 1. An upper crossbeam 8 is hinged to the top of the column 2, and an automatic telescopic rod 9 is hinged between the upper crossbeam 8 and the column 2. An auxiliary crossbeam 10 is provided below the outer end of the upper crossbeam 8, and the inner end of the auxiliary crossbeam 10 is hinged to the middle of the upper crossbeam 8. The pulling power module includes a fixing ring 7 on the column 2 and a power mechanism hooked on the fixing ring 7. A pulling ring 26 corresponding to the hook 16 on the power mechanism is provided at the outer end of the model square tube. The use of a horizontal support can adapt to coal seam excavation at different positions and inclination angles. The horizontal structure can effectively support the coal and rock strata model 27 during the excavation process, playing a stabilizing and balancing role.

[0039] The multi-degree-of-freedom three-dimensional physical similarity model excavation and pull-out device provided by this invention can be flexibly adjusted according to the model height and excavation parameters. Simultaneously, it can realize the testing and control of excavation displacement, excavation speed, and advance support pressure during the excavation process, greatly improving the excavation efficiency of the three-dimensional physical similarity model and achieving synchronous acquisition of excavation characteristic parameters. In the coal and rock strata model 27, the coal seam is simulated through the model square tube, and the various materials filled above the model square tube simulate the coal and rock strata underground in the mine. Dragging the model square tube outwards simulates the testing and control of excavation displacement, excavation speed, and advance support pressure during the coal seam excavation process.

[0040] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2The column 2 has a vertically formed groove 5 on its inner side. The fixing ring 7 includes a sliding seat 701 that is locked in the groove 5 and a connecting plate 702 fixed on the sliding seat 701. The connecting plate 702 has a hanging hole 704. The column 2 has multiple vertically formed insertion holes 6 on its side, and the insertion holes 6 horizontally pass through the groove 5. The sliding seat 701 has a through hole 703 corresponding to the insertion hole 6. The sliding seat 701 is fixed in the groove 5 by a rod passing through the insertion hole 6 and the through hole 703. By inserting the rod into different insertion holes 6, the different positions of the pulling power module can be adjusted. The column 2 has a groove 5, and the pulling power module can be adjusted in height within the groove 5, so that the pulling power module can flexibly adjust the pulling position. With the horizontal support, it can adapt to coal seam excavation at different heights. As a further optimization, a lifting rod 4 is vertically installed below the slide groove 5 inside the column 2. The upper end of the lifting rod 4 cooperates with the bottom of the slide block 701. The lifting rod 4 controls the up and down movement of the slide block 701 to adjust its position, and the adjustment process is precise and stable. The lifting rod 4 is a hydraulic rod or an electric screw. At the same time, the pulling power module achieves precise control of the pulling process through the combination of the traction rope 15, a distance measuring sensor, an electronic tension gauge, and a control platform 12.

[0041] In this embodiment, the automatic telescopic rod 9 is a hydraulic rod or an electric screw, and its two ends are respectively hinged to the column 2 and the upper crossbeam 8 through hinge seats. There are two automatic telescopic rods 9, which are located on both sides of the slide groove 5.

[0042] The base 1 is a frame structure with a flat surface on the ground, which can improve the stability during the pulling process. The column 2 is fixed to one end of the base 1, and reinforcing rods 3 are fixed on both sides of the column 2 and the middle of the base 1. By setting the reinforcing rods 3, the column 2 and the base 1 can be fixed together, making the horizontal support more stable as a whole during the pulling process.

[0043] A limiting plate 11 corresponding to the auxiliary beam 10 is fixed below the upper beam 8 to prevent the auxiliary beam 10 from flipping downward.

[0044] Reference Figure 6 In this embodiment, the power mechanism is an electric hoist 13. The electric hoist 13 is provided with a limiting device 17. The traction rope 15 on the electric hoist 13 passes through the limiting device 17 and is connected to the hook 16. The electric hoist 13 is also provided with a hook 14 connected to the fixing ring 7.

[0045] Reference Figure 5The model square tube includes a first tube 19 and multiple second tubes 23 inserted together in sequence. A second hanging hole 20 is provided on the left side wall of the first tube 19, and the pull ring 26 is hooked onto the second hanging hole 20. A plug 21 is provided on the right end of the first tube 19, and inverted inserts 22 are provided on both sides of the plug 21. Slots 24 corresponding to the inverted inserts 22 are provided on both sides of the left inner wall of the second tube 23. A plug 21 is provided on the right end of the second tube 23, and inverted inserts 22 are provided on both sides of the plug 21. The plug 21 is adapted to the inner diameter of the left end of the second tube 23. In this embodiment, the second hanging hole 20 is arranged in a cross shape on the four side walls of the left end of the first tube 19. By providing the inverted inserts 22 and slots 24, the model square tube can be prevented from disengaging during the pulling process. As a further optimization, a button 25 corresponding to the slot 24 is provided on the left side wall of the second tube 23. By pressing the button 25, the inverted piece 22 in the slot 24 can be retracted, thereby pulling the plug 21 out from the left end of the second tube 23. The model square tube adopts a modular design, which is convenient for movement, storage, and refurbishment. The first tube 19 and the second tube 23 are combined together by the inverted piece 22 and the slot 24 in a socket-type combination. The length and number of the second tube 23 can be adjusted according to similar coal seam excavation conditions, thereby simulating different excavation conditions.

[0046] As a further optimization, the electric hoist 13 is equipped with a distance measuring sensor, and the traction rope 15 is equipped with a baffle 29 at one end of the hook 2 16. The baffle 29, in conjunction with the distance measuring sensor, can detect the pull-out distance of the hook 2 16 in real time, thereby obtaining the tensile displacement of the traction rope 15. The traction rope 15 is also equipped with an electronic tension gauge to detect the tension on the traction rope 15, and the magnitude of the tension reflects the pressure change of the excavation advance support.

[0047] The multi-degree-of-freedom three-dimensional physical similarity model excavation and pull-out device also includes a control platform 12 mounted on the upper crossbeam 8. The control platform 12 includes a switch, a display module, a data storage module, and a program control and analysis module. The control platform 12 is linearly connected to the electric hoist 13, a distance sensor, and an electronic force gauge. The control platform 12 can control the forward and reverse directions of the pulling power of the electric hoist 13, i.e., provide commands for stretching and releasing the traction rope 15 to complete the model excavation simulation behavior. The following process controls can be achieved through the control platform 12: 1. Convert the pulling distance and pulling time of the traction rope 15 to obtain the displacement speed of the model square tube, thereby controlling the excavation speed. By designing the pulling speed, the excavation process simulation of pulling modes such as uniform pulling and variable speed pulling can be realized; 2. By precisely controlling the pulling displacement of the model square tube, the effective thread of the model square tube under similar scales can be simulated, realizing the pulling of different working face widths or coal seam widths with differentiated excavation patterns under similar working face scales; 3. Effectively record and analyze the pulling force. By inputting data through the electronic force gauge, the magnitude of the pulling force of different square tubes during the pulling process is accurately recorded and data is stored; 4. Record the working status of the electronic hoist 13, including working revolutions, power, direction, etc.; 5. By summarizing the data through the above functions, the program control analysis module analyzes the pulling displacement, pulling force, and speed parameters in real time, and realizes the mechanical operation and precise control of the entire pulling device through parameter thresholds, parameter limits, and parameter preset values. Furthermore, all the above processes express the parameters in real time through the display module, realizing the visualization of the excavation parameters of the three-dimensional physical similarity model and the reference for human identification. It can display and record the pull-out test data in real time, and at the same time, perform mutual feedback control on the pull-out power module based on the pull-out data. The test data is stored in real time, reducing the original manual excavation process and improving work efficiency.

[0048] The left ends of the base 1, the upper crossbeam 8, and the auxiliary crossbeam 10 are on the same vertical plane, adapting to the side wall of the coal and rock stratum model 27 during pull-out tests. The base 1 has multiple casters 18 with brake pads at its bottom. When the horizontal support is supported on the side wall of the coal and rock stratum model 27, the auxiliary crossbeam 10 makes the support of the coal and rock stratum model 27 more stable. The casters 18 facilitate adjustment of the horizontal support's position. When pulling out different model square tubes, adjusting the position of the horizontal support ensures that the support column 2 and the model square tube are on the same straight line, guaranteeing the accuracy of the actual pull-out force.

[0049] Example 2:

[0050] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the power mechanism structure is different.

[0051] Reference Figure 7 , Figures 9-11In this embodiment, the power mechanism includes a winding motor 35 and a winding wheel 34 mounted on the output shaft of the winding motor 35. The winding wheel 34 is coaxially fixed to a gear 37 via a connecting shaft 36. The gear 37 meshes with a gear 38. The gear 38 is mounted on a horizontal support shaft 39 via a bearing 53. A sleeve 40 is coaxially fixed to the outer end of the support shaft 39. A mounting plate 44 is vertically fixed above the inner side of the sleeve 40. The mounting plate 44 is perpendicular to the axis of the support shaft 39. A mounting rod 46 is horizontally fixed to the middle of the outer side of the mounting plate 44. A clearance hole 45 is opened on the upper part of the mounting plate 44 in the left-right direction. The free end of the mounting rod 46 is hinged to the middle of the connecting rod 48. The upper end of the connecting rod 48 is hinged to a pin 47. The free end of the pin 47 passes through the clearance hole 45 and corresponds to the tooth of the gear 37. The lower end of the connecting rod 48 passes through the vertical clearance groove 41 on the sleeve 40. A push-pull rod 49 is fixedly provided on the lower left side of the connecting rod 48. The left end of the push-pull rod 49 passes through the sleeve 40 and is connected to a thin-plate-shaped adjusting lever 50. Two grooves 42 and two grooves 43 are centrally symmetrically arranged on the left end face of the sleeve 40. The line connecting the two grooves 42 and the line connecting the two grooves 43 are perpendicular to each other. The depth of the groove 42 is greater than the depth of the groove 43. The thickness of the adjusting lever 50 is adapted to the width of the grooves 42 and 43, so that the adjusting lever 50 can be inserted into the grooves 42 and 43. A tension spring 51 is provided on the support shaft 39 between the connecting rod 48 and the mounting plate 44. The two ends of the tension spring 51 are fixedly connected to the connecting rod 48 and the mounting plate 44 respectively. A rotating handle 52 is provided on the outer end of the sleeve 40.

[0052] The power mechanism utilizes the lever principle. When the adjusting lever 50 is located within the two deeper grooves 42, the lower end of the connecting rod 48 is located on the right side of the clearance groove 41. At this time, the pin 47 retracts to the left, positioned outside the teeth of the gear 38. The winding motor 35 drives the winding wheel 34 and gear 37 to rotate, and gear 37 drives gear 38 to rotate. The support shaft 39 and mounting plate 44 remain stationary. When power is off, the adjusting lever 50 is moved to the two shallower grooves 43, and the lower end of the connecting rod 48 is located on the left side of the clearance groove 41. At this time, the pin 47 moves to the right, positioned between adjacent gears of gear 38. The manual operation of the rotating handle 52 causes the sleeve 40 to rotate, driving the mounting plate 44, pin 47, and gear 38 to rotate together. Gear 38 drives gear 37 to rotate, thereby driving the winding wheel 34 to rotate, thus enabling the winding and unwinding of the traction rope 15 on the winding wheel 34. By setting the rotating handle 52, simulation tests can be conducted even in the event of a power outage.

[0053] As a further optimization, refer to Figure 8 A mounting base 54 is provided below the gear 38. The mounting base 54 is fixed to the bottom of the outer shell 67. A triangular flipping block 63 is rotatably provided on the mounting base 54 via a bracket 62 and a flipping shaft 6201. The flipping shaft 6201 is arranged parallel to the support shaft 39. A spring 61 is vertically fixed to the top of the mounting base 54 below the left side of the flipping block 63. A mounting hole 55 is vertically fixed to the mounting base 54 below the right side of the flipping block 63. A second mounting hole 56 is provided below the first mounting hole 55, and the diameter of the first mounting hole 55 is larger than the diameter of the second mounting hole 56. A threaded rod 59 is provided in the first mounting hole 55. A compression spring 57 is sleeved on the threaded rod 59. A stop block 58 is fixed to the top of the threaded rod 59. The bottom of the threaded rod 59 passes through the mounting base 54 and is threadedly connected to the threaded sleeve 60.

[0054] When a power outage occurs during a pull-out test on the model square tube, the gear 38 rotates counterclockwise when the traction rope 15 is wound around the handle 52. The rotating block 63, stop 58, and compression spring 57 prevent the gear 38 from rotating clockwise. When the handle 52 is released during rotation, the gear 38 will rotate due to the internal stress of the traction rope 15. The teeth of the gear 38 will push against the rotating block 63. Because the stop 58 is pressed against the compression spring 57, the stop 58 will prevent the rotating block 63 from rotating counterclockwise, thus preventing the gear 39 from rotating and preventing a sudden rotation of the handle 52 that could cause injury. The rotating block 63 swings back and forth within a certain angle as the gear 38 rotates. The spring 61 ensures that the rotating block 63 remains upright.

[0055] The mounting hole 55 is square, and the lower part of the stop block 58 is square, fitting the square hole. The lower part of the stop block 58 is always located within the mounting hole 55. By rotating the threaded sleeve 60, the threaded rod 59 can move downward, causing the stop block 58 to move downward and enter the mounting hole 55. When releasing the traction rope 15 or driving the winding reel 34 by the winding motor 35, the stop block 58 enters the mounting hole 55, thereby disengaging the anti-rotation function. The threaded sleeve 60 is equipped with a handle for easy rotation.

[0056] As a further optimization, the winding wheel 34, winding motor 35, gear one 37 and gear two 38 are all located inside the housing 67, the sleeve 40 and threaded rod 59 both protrude from the housing 67, the inner end of the support shaft 39 is located inside the housing 67 through the support plate 68, and bearings are provided between the sleeve 40 and the housing 67, and between the support shaft 39 and the support plate 68. The traction rope 15 on the winding reel 34 passes through the rope outlet hole 6701 on the side of the outer shell 67. Two guide wheels 64 are symmetrically arranged above and below the rope outlet hole 6701 inside the outer shell 67 to limit and guide the traction rope 15. Multiple scale marks 30 are evenly arranged along the length direction of the traction rope 15. A laser sensor 32 corresponding to the traction rope 15 is fixed on the inner wall of the outer shell 67. The movement distance of the traction rope 15 is detected by the laser sensor 32 identifying the scale marks 30. Multiple scale marks 31 are evenly arranged along the length direction of the model square tube. A laser sensor 33 corresponding to the model square tube is fixed on the outer wall of the outer shell 67. The movement distance of the model square tube is detected by the laser sensor 33 identifying the scale marks 31.

[0057] The displacements of the traction rope 15 and the model square tube are measured by the laser sensor 32 and the laser sensor 33 respectively. The two measurement results are then analyzed together to make the measurement of the displacement of the model square tube more accurate.

[0058] As a further optimization, the winding motor 35 is equipped with a torque sensor to measure the torque of the winding wheel 34, thereby determining the tension of the traction rope 15.

[0059] The winding shaft of the winding reel 34 is equipped with a locking mechanism to secure the inner end of the traction rope 15 to the winding shaft. A hook 2 16 is connected to the outer end of the traction rope 15, and two retaining sleeves 65 are fitted onto the outer end of the traction rope 15. A spring 2 66 is located between the two retaining sleeves 65, which acts as a buffer when the traction rope 15 is retracted, preventing the hook 2 16 from striking the outer casing 67. Furthermore, a hook 14 is located on the right side of the outer casing 67.

[0060] The outer casing 67 is also equipped with a displacement measuring module, a tension measuring module, and a speed calculation module, all of which are electrically connected to the control platform 12.

[0061] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-degree-of-freedom three-dimensional physical similar model excavation pulling device, characterized in that: It includes a model square tube and a horizontal pulling mechanism, wherein the model square tube is horizontally buried in the coal and rock stratum model in a side-by-side manner; The horizontal drawing mechanism includes a horizontal support and a drawing power module. The horizontal support includes a base and a column vertically fixed on the base. An upper crossbeam is hinged to the top of the column, and an automatic telescopic rod is hinged between the upper crossbeam and the column. An auxiliary crossbeam is provided below the outer end of the upper crossbeam, and the inner end of the auxiliary crossbeam is hinged to the middle of the upper crossbeam. The drawing power module includes a fixing ring on the column and a power mechanism hooked on the fixing ring. The outer end of the model square tube is provided with a drawing ring corresponding to the hook on the power mechanism. The inner side of the column has a vertically formed sliding groove. The fixing ring includes a sliding seat that is engaged in the sliding groove and a connecting plate that is fixed on the sliding seat. The connecting plate has a hanging hole. The side of the column has multiple vertically formed insertion holes, and the insertion holes horizontally pass through the sliding groove. The slide block has a through hole corresponding to the insertion hole, and the slide block is fixed in the chute by a rod passing through the insertion hole and the through hole; the column has a lifting rod vertically installed below the chute, and the upper end of the lifting rod cooperates with the bottom of the slide block to adapt to the excavation of coal seams of different heights and inclination angles; the left end of the base, the left end of the upper crossbeam and the left end of the auxiliary crossbeam are on the same vertical plane, and are adapted to the side wall of the coal and rock stratum model during pull-out tests to ensure the stability of the coal seam model during excavation under different conditions.

2. The multi-degree-of-freedom three-dimensional physical similarity model excavation and pull-out device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The automatic telescopic rod is a hydraulic rod or an electric screw, with its two ends hinged to the column and the upper crossbeam respectively through hinge seats. There are two automatic telescopic rods, located on both sides of the slide groove.

3. The multi-degree-of-freedom three-dimensional physical similarity model excavation and pull-out device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power mechanism includes a winding motor and a winding wheel mounted on the output shaft of the winding motor. The winding wheel is coaxially fixed to a gear via a connecting shaft. Gear 1 meshes with gear 2. Gear 2 is mounted on a horizontal support shaft via a bearing. A sleeve is coaxially fixed to the outer end of the support shaft. A mounting plate is vertically fixed to the inner side of the sleeve. A mounting rod is horizontally fixed to the middle of the outer side of the mounting plate. A clearance hole is formed at the upper part of the mounting plate along the left-right direction. The free end of the mounting rod is hinged to the middle of the connecting rod. The upper end of the connecting rod is hinged to a pin. The free end of the pin passes through the clearance hole and corresponds to the gear teeth of gear one; the lower end of the connecting rod passes through the vertical clearance groove on the sleeve; a push-pull rod is fixed on the lower left side of the connecting rod; the left end of the push-pull rod passes through the sleeve and is connected to the adjusting lever; two grooves one and two grooves two are centrally symmetrically arranged on the left end face of the sleeve; the line connecting the two grooves one and the line connecting the two grooves two are perpendicular to each other; the depth of groove one is greater than the depth of groove two; a tension spring is provided on the support shaft between the connecting rod and the mounting plate; a rotating handle is provided on the outer end of the sleeve.

4. The multi-degree-of-freedom three-dimensional physical similarity model excavation and pull-out device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A mounting base is provided below the gear two. A triangular flipping block is rotatably mounted on the mounting base via a bracket and a flipping shaft. The flipping shaft is parallel to the support shaft. A spring is vertically fixed to the top of the mounting base below the left side of the flipping block. A mounting hole is vertically fixed to the mounting base below the right side of the flipping block. A second mounting hole is connected to the first mounting hole below the first mounting hole, and the diameter of the first mounting hole is larger than that of the second mounting hole. A threaded rod is provided in the first mounting hole, and a compression spring is sleeved on the threaded rod. A stop block is fixed to the top of the threaded rod. The bottom of the threaded rod passes through the mounting base and is threadedly connected to the threaded sleeve.

5. A multi-degree-of-freedom three-dimensional physical similarity model excavation and pull-out device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The winding reel, winding motor, gear one, and gear two are all housed within the outer casing. The traction rope on the winding reel exits through a rope outlet hole on the side of the outer casing. Two guide wheels are symmetrically arranged above and below the rope outlet hole inside the outer casing. The traction rope has uniformly distributed scale markings along its length. A laser sensor corresponding to the traction rope is fixed to the inner wall of the outer casing. The movement distance of the traction rope is detected by recognizing the scale markings. The model square tube has uniformly distributed scale markings along its length. A laser sensor corresponding to the model square tube is fixed to the outer wall of the outer casing. The movement distance of the model square tube is detected by recognizing the scale markings.

6. The multi-degree-of-freedom three-dimensional physical similarity model excavation and pull-out device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A limiting plate corresponding to the auxiliary crossbeam is fixed below the upper crossbeam to prevent the auxiliary crossbeam from flipping downwards.

7. The multi-degree-of-freedom three-dimensional physical similarity model excavation and pull-out device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The model square tube includes a tube 1 and multiple tubes 2 inserted together in sequence. The left side wall of the tube 1 is provided with a hanging hole 2, and the right side of the tube 1 is provided with a plug, with inverted inserts on both sides of the plug. The left inner wall of the tube 2 is provided with slots corresponding to the inverted inserts on both sides, and the right side of the tube 2 is provided with a plug, with inverted inserts on both sides of the plug. The plug is adapted to the inner diameter of the left side of the tube 2.

8. The multi-degree-of-freedom three-dimensional physical similarity model excavation and pull-out device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a control platform mounted on the upper crossbeam, the control platform including a switch, a display module, a data storage and program control analysis module, and the control platform being linearly connected to the power mechanism.

9. The multi-degree-of-freedom three-dimensional physical similarity model excavation and pull-out device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base is equipped with multiple casters with brake pads at its bottom.

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