A biomass pyrolysis carbonization system

Abstract

The application discloses a biomass pyrolysis carbonization system, which comprises a carbonization furnace assembly, a driving assembly and a burner, wherein the carbonization furnace assembly comprises a rotary furnace, a feeding part and a discharging part, one end of the rotary furnace is communicated with the feeding part, the other end of the rotary furnace is communicated with the discharging part, a gas outlet is arranged at the top of the discharging part, the driving assembly is used for driving the rotary furnace to rotate, and the burner comprises a primary combustion chamber, a first gas inlet and a first gas outlet are arranged on the primary combustion chamber, the first gas inlet is communicated with the gas outlet, and the first gas outlet is communicated with the feeding part. Therefore, the device can realize the cascade combustion of low-concentration combustible mixed gas generated in the carbonization process, realize the recycling of high-temperature flue gas heat, avoid the high-temperature flue gas treatment problem of the rotary pyrolysis carbonization furnace in the market, and save a large amount of energy.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of biomass charcoal production, and particularly relates to a biomass pyrolysis and carbonization system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Replacing traditional fossil fuels with renewable biomass energy is one of the important ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and the thermochemical pretreatment of raw biomass (agricultural and forestry biomass residues) can achieve the preparation of uniform physical and chemical properties and high calorific value biomass charcoal, which can replace traditional fossil coal. Among them, the rotary pyrolysis carbonization furnace is an important equipment for producing biomass charcoal, but the traditional rotary furnace pyrolysis equipment usually uses indirect heat exchange to provide the energy required for biomass pyrolysis and carbonization, but such a way has low heat transfer efficiency and is difficult to meet the economy of large-scale industrial production of biomass charcoal. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present application provides a biomass pyrolysis and carbonization system.

[0004] The biomass pyrolysis and carbonization system according to an embodiment of the present application comprises:

[0005] A carbonization furnace, the carbonization furnace comprises a rotary furnace, a feeding part and a discharging part, one end of the rotary furnace is dynamically sealed with the feeding part, the other end is dynamically sealed with the discharging part, and the discharging part is provided with a gas outlet;

[0006] A driving member for driving the rotary furnace to rotate; and

[0007] A burner, the burner comprises a primary combustion chamber, the primary combustion chamber is provided with a first gas inlet, a first gas outlet and a first air supplementing inlet, the first gas inlet is in communication with the gas outlet, and the first gas outlet is in communication with the feeding part;

[0008] The combustible mixed gas produced after the raw biomass is pyrolyzed and carbonized in the rotary furnace is subjected to anoxic combustion in the primary combustion chamber, and then high-temperature reducing flue gas is introduced into the rotary furnace.

[0009] Therefore, the device can realize the cascade combustion of low-concentration combustible mixed gas generated in the carbonization process, realize the recycling of high-temperature flue gas heat, avoid the problem of high-temperature flue gas treatment in the current market rotary pyrolysis carbonization furnace, and save a large amount of energy.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present application, the combustor further comprises: a secondary combustion chamber, the secondary combustion chamber is provided with a second air inlet, a second air outlet and a second air supplement inlet, the second air inlet is communicated with the first air outlet, and part of the reducing high-temperature flue gas discharged from the first air outlet is subjected to oxygen-enriched combustion in the secondary combustion chamber.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present application, the primary combustion chamber is provided with a first nozzle and a second nozzle, the first nozzle is communicated with the first air inlet, the second nozzle is communicated with the first air supplement inlet, and the first nozzle and the second nozzle are arranged in staggered opposition to form a vortex airflow; and / or

[0012] The secondary combustion chamber is provided with a third nozzle and a fourth nozzle, the third nozzle is communicated with the second air inlet, the fourth nozzle is communicated with the second air supplement inlet, and the third nozzle and the fourth nozzle are arranged in staggered opposition to form a vortex airflow.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present application, the primary combustion chamber is further provided with a first heat storage body, the first heat storage body adopts a porous medium heat storage body, and the first heat storage body is arranged above the first nozzle and the second nozzle; and / or

[0014] The secondary combustion chamber is further provided with a second heat storage body, the second heat storage body adopts a porous medium heat storage body, and the second heat storage body is arranged above the third nozzle and the fourth nozzle.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present application, the second air inlet is further communicated with the air outlet.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present application, the biomass pyrolysis carbonization system further comprises: a drying furnace, the drying furnace comprises a furnace body, a feeding part and a discharging part, the feeding part is arranged at one end of the furnace body, the discharging part is arranged at the other end of the furnace body, and the second air outlet is communicated with the feeding part to pass the high-temperature flue gas into the furnace body.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the present application, the biomass pyrolysis carbonization system further comprises: a flue gas discharge device, the flue gas discharge device comprises a gas-solid separator and a flue gas discharge cylinder, the flue gas discharge cylinder is fixedly arranged at the top of the gas-solid separator, a third air outlet is arranged on the discharging part, and the third air outlet is communicated with the gas-solid separator.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the present application, the biomass pyrolysis carbonization system further comprises: a feeding device and a hopper, the hopper is communicated with the discharging part, one end of the feeding device is communicated with the feeding box, the other side is communicated with the hopper, and the feeding device adopts a screw feeder.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the present application, a pulse filter is further arranged at the air outlet.

[0020] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be made apparent from the following description, which, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrates the principles of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and be more readily understood from the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0022] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of a biomass pyrolysis carbonization system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a burner according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1

[0024] Reference Signs:

[0025] 100. A biomass pyrolysis carbonization system;

[0026] 1. Carbonization furnace; 11. Rotary furnace; 12. Feeding part; 13. Discharging part; 131. Air outlet; 2. Driving member; 3. Burner; 31. Primary combustion chamber; 311. First air inlet; 312. First air outlet; 313. First air supplement inlet; 314. First nozzle; 315. Second nozzle; 32. Secondary combustion chamber; 321. Second air inlet; 322. Second air outlet; 323. Second air supplement inlet; 324. Third nozzle; 325. Fourth nozzle; 41. First heat storage body; 42. Second heat storage body; 5. Drying furnace; 51. Furnace body; 52. Feeding tank; 53. Discharging tank; 531. Third air outlet; 6. Smoke exhaust device; 61. Gas-solid separator; 62. Smoke exhaust pipe; 7. Feeding device; 8. Hopper; 9. Pulse filter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] Embodiments of the present application are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary, and embodiments of the present application are described in detail below.

[0028] Reference is made below Figure 1 , Figure 2 to describe a biomass pyrolysis carbonization system 100 according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0029] ​In order to facilitate better understanding of the scheme of the present application, the principle of biomass pyrolysis carbonization is described as follows. Specifically, the biomass pyrolysis carbonization process can be divided into the following stages: ① drying stage, biomass material absorbs heat in the carbonization reactor, water is first evaporated and escaped, and the internal chemical composition of the biomass is almost unchanged; ② volatile pyrolysis stage, the biomass continues to absorb heat to about 200℃, internal macromolecular chemical bonds are broken and rearranged, organic matter is gradually volatilized, and internal thermal decomposition reaction of the material begins. Under the condition of oxygen deficiency, a small amount of gaseous combustible volatiles combusts, and this combustion is static penetration diffusion combustion, which can provide heat support for the decomposition of the material layer by layer; ③ is the overall carbonization stage, the material is subjected to rapid thermal decomposition at the same time, producing liquid products such as wood tar and acetic acid, and combustible gases such as methane and ethylene. With the separation and precipitation of most of the volatiles, the final remaining solid product is coke composed of carbon and ash.

[0030] In combination with the biomass pyrolysis carbonization system 100 shown in FIGS. Figure 1 , Figure 2 , the biomass pyrolysis carbonization system 100 according to the embodiment of the present application as a whole comprises a carbonization furnace 1, a driving member 2 and a burner 3. The carbonization furnace 1 comprises a rotary furnace 11, a feeding part 12 and a discharging part 13. One end of the rotary furnace 11 is in communication with the feeding part 12, and the other end is in communication with the discharging part 13. The top of the discharging part 13 is further provided with a gas outlet 131 through which combustible gas generated after pyrolysis carbonization in the rotary furnace 11 can be discharged. The bottom of the discharging part 13 is further provided with a discharging opening for discharging biomass char. A collecting part is arranged below the discharging opening, and the biomass char discharged from the discharging opening is directly stored in the collecting part. Since the biomass pyrolysis carbonization needs to be in an oxygen-deficient state, dynamic sealing connection is required between the rotary furnace 11 and the feeding part 12, and dynamic sealing connection is required between the rotary furnace 11 and the discharging part 13.

[0031] The driving member is used to drive the rotary furnace 11 to rotate. The driving member comprises a driving motor and a driving roller. A driven track is further arranged on the outer side wall of the rotary furnace 11. In use, the driving motor can drive the driving roller to rotate, and the driving roller is tightly fitted with the driven track, so that the driving roller drives the rotary furnace 11 to rotate, thereby ensuring that the biomass raw material in the rotary furnace 11 is uniformly heated, and further improving the carbonization effect.

[0032] In addition, the burner 3 comprises a primary combustion chamber 31. The primary combustion chamber 31 is provided with a first gas inlet 311 and a first gas outlet 312. The first gas inlet 311 is in communication with the gas outlet 131, and the first gas outlet 312 is in communication with the feeding part 12.

[0033] In use, after the biomass raw material is pyrolyzed and carbonized at high temperature in the rotary furnace 11, low-concentration combustible mixed gas and biomass char are generated, the biomass char is discharged after entering the discharge part 13 under the rotary movement of the rotary furnace 11, and the low-concentration combustible mixed gas enters the primary combustion chamber 31 through the top of the discharge part 13, and the low-concentration combustible mixed gas is combusted in a lack of oxygen in the primary combustor 3 to generate reducing high-temperature flue gas, i.e., the reducing flue gas contains reducing gases such as carbon monoxide, and then the reducing high-temperature flue gas can be transported into the rotary furnace 11;

[0034] Therefore, by directly introducing the reducing flue gas generated by the primary combustion chamber 31 into the rotary furnace 11, on the one hand, an oxygen-deficient atmosphere is created for the biomass raw material in the rotary furnace 11 by the reducing flue gas, which is beneficial to the pyrolysis and carbonization of the biomass, and on the other hand, the high temperature of the reducing flue gas can provide a high-temperature environment for the biomass raw material in the rotary furnace 11, which is beneficial to maintaining the high-temperature environment for carbonization, thereby reducing the energy consumption for maintaining the high-temperature environment of the rotary furnace 11, and the direct convection heat exchange between the biomass raw material and the high-temperature reducing flue gas can significantly improve the heat transfer efficiency of the rotary furnace 11.

[0035] Further, on the basis of the above embodiment, as shown in Figure 2 the combustor 3 further comprises a secondary combustion chamber 32, the secondary combustion chamber 32 is provided with a second air inlet 321, a second air outlet 322 and a second air supplementing port 323, the second air inlet 321 is in communication with the first air outlet 312, and part of the reducing high-temperature flue gas discharged from the first air outlet 312 is combusted in the secondary combustion chamber 32 in an oxygen-enriched manner; in use, part of the reducing gas combusted in a lack of oxygen in the primary combustion chamber 31 can be introduced into the secondary combustion chamber 32 for oxygen-enriched complete combustion, so as to realize clean emission of flue gas, and the heat of the generated high-temperature flue gas can be recycled and utilized, for example, the high-temperature flue gas is used for pre-drying of the biomass, thereby improving the carbonization efficiency of the biomass in the rotary furnace 11.

[0036] Still further, on the basis of the above embodiment, as shown in Figure 2 the first air inlet 311 and the first air supplementing port 313 are arranged at the lower part of the primary combustion chamber 31, the first air outlet 312 is arranged at the top of the primary combustion chamber 31, and the primary combustion chamber 31 is provided with a first nozzle 314 and a second nozzle 315, wherein the first nozzle 314 is in communication with the first air inlet 311, and the second nozzle 315 is in communication with the first air supplementing port 313; in use, the combustible gas generated in the rotary furnace 11 enters the primary combustion chamber 31 through the first air inlet 311 and mixes with the trace amount of air entering through the first air supplementing port 313, and then is combusted in a lack of oxygen in the primary combustion chamber 31 to form reducing flue gas; preferably, the first nozzle 314 and the second nozzle 315 are arranged in an interlaced manner to form a vortex airflow, thereby facilitating the sufficient mixing of the combustible gas and the air.

[0037] Similarly, the second air inlet 321 and the second air supplement inlet 323 are arranged at the lower part of the secondary combustion chamber 32, and the second air outlet 322 is arranged at the top of the secondary combustion chamber 32, wherein the third nozzle 324 and the fourth nozzle 325 are arranged in the secondary combustion chamber 32, the third nozzle 324 is in communication with the second air inlet 321, and the fourth nozzle 325 is in communication with the second air supplement inlet 323; in use, part of the reducing flue gas generated in the primary combustion chamber 31 enters the secondary combustion chamber 32 through the second air inlet 321 and is fully mixed with the air entering through the second air supplement inlet 323, and then is fully combusted in the secondary combustion chamber 32; preferably, the third nozzle 324 can be arranged in an interlaced manner with the fourth nozzle 325 to form a vortex airflow, thereby facilitating the full mixing of the reducing flue gas and the air, promoting the secondary combustion of the flue gas, and realizing the clean emission of the flue gas.

[0038] Further, on the basis of the above-mentioned embodiments, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the primary combustion chamber 31 further comprises a first heat storage body 41 arranged above the first nozzle 314 and the second nozzle 315, wherein the first heat storage body 41 is a porous medium heat storage body, for example, a honeycomb heat storage body; in use, the combustible gas is combusted after being mixed with air, and the characteristics of the porous medium can not only play a role in heat storage and auxiliary combustion, but also make the combustible gas burn more uniformly in the burner 3.

[0039] Similarly, the secondary combustion chamber 32 further comprises a second heat storage body 42 arranged above the third nozzle 324 and the fourth nozzle 325, and the second heat storage body 42 is a porous medium heat storage body; in use, the reducing flue gas is combusted after being mixed with air, and the characteristics of the porous medium can not only play a role in heat storage and auxiliary combustion, but also make the combustible gas burn more uniformly and sufficiently in the burner 3.

[0040] In some embodiments of the present application, as shown in Figure 1 , the second air inlet 321 is also in communication with the air outlet 131, so that part of the combustible gas discharged from the rotary furnace 11 can enter the secondary combustion chamber 32 through the second air inlet 321, thereby playing a role in auxiliary combustion and promoting the full combustion of the reducing flue gas.

[0041] In some embodiments of the present application, as shown in Figure 1As shown, the biomass pyrolysis carbonization system 100 further comprises a drying furnace 5, the drying furnace 5 comprises a furnace body 51, a feeding box 52 and a discharging box 53, the feeding box 52 is arranged at one end of the furnace body 51, the discharging box 53 is arranged at the other end of the furnace body 51, and the second exhaust port 322 is communicated with the feeding box 52; in use, after the high-temperature flue gas fully combusted in the secondary combustion chamber 32 is introduced into the drying furnace 5, the biomass raw material can be pre-dried by using the heat of the high-temperature flue gas, so that the moisture in the biomass raw material is reduced, thereby improving the efficiency of biomass carbonization, and the heat of the high-temperature flue gas can be effectively recycled, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the whole system.

[0042] In some embodiments of the present application, as shown in Figure 1 As shown, the biomass pyrolysis carbonization system 100 further comprises an exhaust device 6, the exhaust device 6 comprises a gas-solid separator 61 and an exhaust pipe 62, the exhaust pipe 62 is fixedly arranged at the top of the gas-solid separator 61, the discharging box 53 is provided with a third exhaust port 531, and the third exhaust port 531 is communicated with the gas-solid separator 61; specifically, the gas-solid separator 61 can adopt a cyclone separator, in use, the flue gas after pre-drying of the biomass raw material enters the gas-solid separator 61 through the third exhaust port 531, the gas-solid separator 61 can separate the moisture and dust in the flue gas from the bottom of the gas-solid separator 61, and the remaining flue gas enters the exhaust pipe 62 from the top of the gas-solid separator 61 and is discharged, thereby realizing clean emission of the flue gas.

[0043] In some embodiments of the present application, as shown in Figure 1 As shown, the biomass pyrolysis carbonization system 100 further comprises a feeding device 7 and a hopper 8, the hopper 8 is communicated with the discharging box 53, one end of the feeding device 7 is communicated with the feeding part 12, and the other side is communicated with the hopper 8, the feeding device 7 adopts a screw feeder, specifically, the biomass raw material in the hopper 8 can be continuously fed into the rotary furnace 11 for pyrolysis carbonization through the feeding device 7, thereby saving manpower and material resources and being beneficial to improving the feeding efficiency and realizing large-scale production of biomass charcoal.

[0044] Preferably, the feeding device 7 can adopt a screw feeder, on the one hand, the screw feeder can better control the entering rate of the biomass raw material, thereby more accurately controlling the amount of feeding per unit time, and further ensuring the stable pyrolysis carbonization of the biomass and the uniformity of the reaction degree, thereby avoiding the situation that the bottom layer of raw material is insufficiently carbonized due to excessive accumulation of biomass raw material in the rotary furnace 11; on the other hand, the sealing performance of the screw feeder is good, which can meet the sealing requirement of the carbonization furnace 1 assembly under the premise of realizing stable feeding, thereby being beneficial to maintaining the oxygen-deficient environment of the rotary furnace 11.

[0045] In some embodiments of the present application, as shown in Figure 1 Figure 1As shown, the gas outlet 131 is also provided with a pulse filter 9, through which the impurities of the combustible gas discharged from the gas outlet 131 can be filtered, so as to avoid the impurities from blocking the primary combustion chamber 31 when the impurities are incompletely combusted in the primary combustor 3, especially when the primary combustion chamber 31 is provided with porous medium regenerators, once the impurities block the holes, the combustion quality in the combustion chamber will be affected.

[0046] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application.

[0047] In the description of the present application, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "illustrative embodiment", "example", "specific example" or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present specification, the illustrative description of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

[0048] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, replacements and variations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A biomass pyrolysis carbonization system, characterized in that, include: A carbonization furnace, comprising a rotary kiln, a feeding section, and a discharging section, wherein one end of the rotary kiln is dynamically sealed to the feeding section and the other end is dynamically sealed to the discharging section, and the discharging section is provided with an air outlet; A driving component, the driving component being used to drive the rotary kiln to rotate; as well as The burner includes a primary combustion chamber and a secondary combustion chamber. The primary combustion chamber has a first air inlet, a first exhaust outlet, and a first make-up air outlet. The first air inlet is connected to the exhaust outlet, and the first exhaust outlet is connected to the feed section. The primary combustion chamber has a first nozzle and a second nozzle. The first nozzle is connected to the first air inlet, and the second nozzle is connected to the first make-up air outlet. The first nozzle and the second nozzle are staggered and opposite to each other to form a vortex airflow. The primary combustion chamber also has a first heat storage body, which is a porous medium heat storage body, and is located above the first nozzle and the second nozzle. The secondary combustion chamber has a second air inlet, a second exhaust outlet, and a second make-up air outlet. The second air inlet is connected to the first exhaust outlet, and part of the reducing high-temperature flue gas discharged from the first exhaust outlet undergoes oxygen-enriched combustion in the secondary combustion chamber. A drying oven, comprising a furnace body, a feeding box, and a discharging box, wherein the feeding box is located at one end of the furnace body, the discharging box is located at the other end of the furnace body, and a second exhaust port is connected to the feeding box to introduce high-temperature flue gas into the furnace body; The combustible mixture produced after the biomass raw material is pyrolyzed and carbonized in the rotary kiln is subjected to oxygen-deficient combustion in the primary combustion chamber to form reducing high-temperature flue gas, which is then introduced into the rotary kiln.

2. The biomass pyrolysis carbonization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The secondary combustion chamber is provided with a third nozzle and a fourth nozzle. The third nozzle is connected to the second air intake, and the fourth nozzle is connected to the second supplementary air intake. The third nozzle and the fourth nozzle are arranged alternately to form a vortex airflow.

3. The biomass pyrolysis carbonization system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The secondary combustion chamber is also provided with a second heat storage body, which is a porous medium heat storage body, and is located above the third nozzle and the fourth nozzle.

4. The biomass pyrolysis carbonization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second air inlet is also connected to the air outlet.

5. A biomass pyrolysis carbonization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The smoke exhaust device includes a gas-solid separator and a smoke exhaust stack. The smoke exhaust stack is fixedly installed on the top of the gas-solid separator. The discharge box is provided with a third exhaust port, which is connected to the gas-solid separator.

6. The biomass pyrolysis carbonization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The feeding device and the hopper are connected to the discharge box. One end of the feeding device is connected to the feed section and the other end is connected to the hopper. The feeding device is a screw feeder.

7. The biomass pyrolysis carbonization system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A pulse filter is also provided at the air outlet.

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