Milling head for machining pile heads

Abstract

A milling head (1) having a rotation axis (x) is used for machining the head (80) of a pile (8), the pile including a pile core (81), a pile sleeve (82), and a metal armor (83) inserted between the two. The milling head includes: a coupling device (13) connectable to a drive shaft (2) of a drive unit; a center milling cutter (11) including a plurality of center chisels (111) mounted on the underside of an inner ring plate (112); and an annular milling cutter (12) including a plurality of annular chisels (121) mounted on the underside of an outer ring plate (122). The center milling cutter (11) and the annular milling cutter (12) are connected to each other coaxially aligned with the rotation axis (x), and the outer ring plate (122) surrounds the inner ring plate (112), while the inner ring plate (112) and the outer ring plate (122) are separated by an intermediate annular region (kr2). According to the invention, the inner ring plate (112) includes at least one conveying opening (1120A, 1120B) extending from the lower side of the inner ring plate (112) to the upper side of the inner ring plate (112), the conveying opening (1120A, 1120B) being adjacent on the lower side to a conveying shovel (119A, 119B) that extends at least partially into the working area of ​​the central chisel (111), and the conveying opening (1120A, 1120B) being adjacent on the upper side to a screw conveyor (113A, 113B).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a milling head for machining pile heads. Background Technology

[0002] WO2008135365A1 discloses a milling head for machining pile heads, the pile including a pile core and a pile sleeve, and a metal armor disposed between the pile core and the pile sleeve.

[0003] These pre-machined concrete piles are typically installed on unstable ground to support building structures. They consist of compressive-resistant concrete and tensile-resistant steel reinforcement. The size of the piles is selected based on the building structure and the ground surface and can vary considerably. Typically, piles are used with lengths of 5m-50m and diameters of 0.4m-2.5m. To construct the piles, a hole is drilled in the ground, and a pipe is inserted into the hole. Armored steel is inserted into the pipe, and then concrete is poured. The soil at the bottom of the pipe generally shifts upwards and appears at the top of the pile when it is completed, which is why it lacks the required strength. Furthermore, the pile or pile head generally does not include the required dimensions. The pile head may also lack the connecting elements required by the building structure. Therefore, the pile head is generally machined and modified to the required dimensions and quality.

[0004] For this purpose, precast, typically cylindrical pile heads are machined using a milling head, typically over a length of 0.5m-1.5m, to remove defective concrete. The concrete must be removed so that the sleeve-shaped armor, typically coaxial with the pile's axis of rotation, and the intact concrete beneath the pile head are not damaged. After removing defective or excess concrete and exposing the armor, it is usually extended with supplementary armor, and a formwork corresponding to the dimensions of the new pile head to be constructed is provided. The formwork is then filled with concrete, and removed after the concrete has hardened.

[0005] Traditionally, when working on the pile head, the pile core is milled to the edge of the armor steel. The pile sleeve is then milled down to the armor steel. This process not only typically takes a long time but also frequently results in damage to the armor steel. Furthermore, especially when working on the pile sleeve, previously intact concrete cracks, significantly reducing the usable cross-section of the concrete pile and consequently increasing the surface pressure transmitted from the concrete pile to the building structure. Therefore, the corresponding damage to the concrete pile often causes considerable indirect damage to objects built on defective pile heads. To avoid this indirect damage, defective piles and pile heads must be repaired at great expense and effort.

[0006] Therefore, when working on pile heads, not only does the time factor play an important role, but the high-quality completion of the pile head is especially important, as the pile head forms a key part of the foundation of a building (such as a building or bridge).

[0007] Substantial progress has been made in the machining time and quality of pile heads using a milling head mounted on a construction vehicle such as an excavator, as disclosed in WO2008135365A1. This milling head includes a coupling device connectable to a drive shaft, a center cutter with multiple central chisels, and a ring cutter with multiple annular chisels. The center cutter and the ring cutter are fixedly connected to each other and coaxially aligned with the axis of rotation of the drive shaft. This milling head allows for the simultaneous removal of the pile core and pile sleeve without damaging the pile armor located between the center cutter and the ring cutter.

[0008] While this type of milling head represents a significant advancement in the machining of pile heads, there is still a need to develop a milling head that would allow for faster and more precise machining of pile heads. However, increasing the operating speed of the equipment generally results in poorer quality work, which is unacceptable given the fundamental importance of the object being machined or the pile head. Summary of the Invention

[0009] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to create an improved milling head for machining pile heads.

[0010] With this milling head, the pile head of a concrete pile should be machined simultaneously with reduced force, resulting in higher working speed and better work quality. The milling head should be able to penetrate the pile head, core, and sleeve more effectively, allowing for the removal of concrete material with reduced force, while also lowering the risk of damaging the machined pile head.

[0011] When machining pile heads, the concrete should be softened to prevent accelerated material removal from causing cracks and fissures in the pile head. Simultaneously, the load on the milling tools or chisels should be reduced to decrease the maintenance workload of the milling head.

[0012] When using a milling head, special care should be taken to ensure that no cracks occur in the pile sleeve during the machining of the pile head, as cracks, depending on their size, will result in a correspondingly high amount of repair work.

[0013] The center drilling unit and milling tool should also be advantageously installable and removable in a desired number, resulting in low maintenance workload in this regard, and the milling head can be configured and adapted to the pile to be machined without much work, the pile may include a diameter greater than 2m.

[0014] This task is accomplished by a milling head including the features detailed in claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are detailed in the further claims.

[0015] Milling heads are used to machine the heads of piles. Typically, concrete piles consist of a core, a sleeve, and a metal armor located between the core and the sleeve.

[0016] A milling head that rotates about its longitudinal or rotational axis during use includes a coupling device that can be connected to a drive shaft of a drive unit, a center milling cutter including a plurality of center chisels mounted on the underside of an inner ring plate, and an annular milling cutter including a plurality of annular chisels mounted on the underside of an outer ring plate, wherein the center milling cutter and the annular milling cutter are connected to each other coaxially aligned with the rotational axis, and the outer ring plate surrounds the inner ring plate, the outer ring plate and the inner ring plate being separated by a central annular region.

[0017] According to the invention, the inner ring plate includes at least one conveying opening extending from the lower side of the inner ring plate to the upper side of the inner ring plate, the conveying opening being adjacent on the lower side to a conveying shovel that at least partially extends into the working area of ​​the central chisel, and the conveying opening being adjacent on the upper side to a screw conveyor.

[0018] Using the milling head according to the invention, sections of both the pile core and the pile sleeve can be removed simultaneously without damaging the pile's armor located in the central annular region. The machining is performed with high precision, enabling the removal of concrete even at close range, just centimeters from the armor. The remaining thin concrete sleeve (with the armor attached) can be quickly removed using other tools, such as pliers.

[0019] A particular advantage is that sections of the pile core and sleeve can be removed via the linear descent of the milling head. Complex tool movements, which are difficult to execute and could damage the pile head, are no longer necessary. Therefore, the pile head can be machined in a short time without causing damage.

[0020] Due to the linear displacement of the milling head and the corresponding calculable force effect on the tool, the load and wear on the milling head are also reduced, which is why maintenance only needs to be performed at longer intervals.

[0021] At least one conveying shovel extending into the chisel's working area allows milled material removed from the concrete core to be collected and supplied to an associated screw conveyor via an associated conveying opening. By removing the milled material, the main obstacle is removed from the chisel's working area, allowing the milling head to rotate with reduced resistance and the center chisel to penetrate the pile core with reduced resistance. On the one hand, the efficiency of the milling tools increases; on the other hand, their load is reduced.

[0022] The milling head of this invention enables material flow within the system, which reduces the milling process and allows for efficient removal of the pile core and pile sleeve. Due to the material flow through the system via at least one transfer opening, the inner ring plate can have a large surface area for mounting the center chisels. Therefore, the large mounting surface of the inner ring plate does not impede material flow. Consequently, the required number of center chisels can be mounted on the underside of the inner ring plate.

[0023] If the inner ring plate is provided with two conveying openings, milled material can be removed particularly effectively. A conveying shovel, extending at least partially into the working area of ​​the central chisel, abuts each conveying opening on its underside, and a screw conveyor abuts each conveying opening on its upper side. To allow milled material to flow into the screw conveyor with minimal resistance, each conveying opening is preferably abutted by a connecting surface on the upper side of the inner ring plate, ensuring a layered or unobstructed transition from the conveying shovel to the associated screw conveyor.

[0024] Preferably, the conveyor opening, conveyor shovel, and center chisel are arranged in pairs, opposite to each other in diameter, and equidistant from the axis of rotation. The conveyor shovel, center chisel, and annular chisel are also preferably arranged in pairs at the same height. This ensures that the tools or chisels opposite each other in diameter always act on the pile head in the same way and avoids interfering moments or forces caused by asymmetry, which could pressure the milling head and interfere with its guidance. Therefore, the milling head can be optimally guided and operated with minimal force. Forces acting laterally on the milling head, which are disadvantageous to mounted tools such as chisels and, preferably, the provided center drill unit, are avoided.

[0025] Preferably, the inner ring plate is connected to the lower side of the shaft, and the outer ring plate is connected to the lower side of the mounting cylinder, thereby aligning the shaft and the mounting cylinder coaxially with the axis of rotation and connecting to a connecting plate on the upper side on which a connecting device is arranged. The mounting cylinder preferably includes at least one outlet window and at least one mounting window through which the conveyed milling material can be discharged, while the at least one mounting window allows manual access, for example, to the connecting device.

[0026] In another preferred embodiment, at least one or both screw conveyors, preferably rotated 180° relative to each other, have sidewalls in their lower sections, which are preferably selected according to the height of the pile head to be machined. The sidewalls ensure that milled material in the lower section does not escape from the screw conveyor and can be conveyed out of the remaining area of ​​the pile head, including the armor. Only after the milled material has been conveyed out of this area can it exit laterally in the upper section of the screw conveyor without sidewalls and be guided away from the milling head via at least one exit window. Thus, the sidewalls of the screw conveyor ensure an area for conveying material from the inner ring plate to the screw conveyor, in which the milled material is laterally guided away. The sidewalls can be integrally formed or welded to the screw conveyor, for example, made of sheet metal.

[0027] On the underside of the inner ring plate, there is preferably a central drilling unit coaxially aligned with the axis of rotation. This central drilling unit extends beyond the central chisel and the annular chisel in the milling direction and thus penetrates the pile head or pile core first, thereby performing a guiding or directing function and ensuring that the central chisel and the annular chisel can follow a circular working path.

[0028] In a further preferred embodiment, at least one radial shovel is disposed on the underside of the inner ring plate, the radial shovel being connected to the central drill unit and preferably aligned at least approximately radially with respect to the axis of rotation. Preferably, the at least one radial shovel extends from the central drill unit to at least one transfer opening. Thus, preferably, the radial shovel is associated with each transfer opening. For example, at least one radial shovel on a straight or curved plate ensures that milling material released from the central drill unit and the radially inner central chisel is guided outward toward the associated transfer opening. The path of the lower or front edge of the radial shovel, and the path of the lower or front edge of the transfer shovel, is chosen such that contact with the pile core is always avoided. Therefore, the radial shovel is overlapped by the adjacent central chisel in the transfer direction.

[0029] According to the principles of the invention, the inner ring plate can advantageously perform multiple functions. On the underside of the inner ring plate, mounting holes can be provided for receiving a central chisel and / or a radial shovel, and / or receiving openings can be provided for receiving a mounting portion or drill chuck, which is used to releasably retain the central drill unit. For example, the drill chuck includes a locking portion by which the central drill unit can be fixed in the drill chuck and can be released again if needed.

[0030] A receiving port can be provided on the upper side of the inner ring plate to receive the shaft that connects the inner ring plate to the connecting device.

[0031] The connection between the mounting part or drill chuck and the shaft and the inner ring plate can be achieved using known mechanical connection techniques, such as press fit and / or thread. For mounting the center chisel, a retainer inserted into the mounting hole is preferably provided. Therefore, the center chisel and center drill unit can be advantageously connected to the inner ring plate, which is why maintenance work can be advantageously performed. Welding is not required if defects occur or maintenance is needed. Instead, the center chisel and center drill unit can be easily disassembled and replaced.

[0032] In a further preferred embodiment, the central chisels are radially spaced from each other on the circular line or working circle by equal or unequal chisel spacing, such that the uniform chisel spacing or different chisel spacing between the working circles is preferably in the range of 20mm-40mm.

[0033] During the operation or rotation of the milling head around its axis of rotation, the center chisels preferably operate in pairs, opposite in diameter within the same working circle, which are spaced apart from each other. By radially spacing the center chisels or working circles within a range of 20mm-40mm, particularly effective removal of material from the pile core is achieved. If the distance is greater than 40mm, too little material is removed; if the distance is less than 20mm, the center chisels can only penetrate with a considerably increased force, a situation preferably avoided to prevent damage to the pile head and the milling head. Ideally, the chisel spacing is within the range of 25mm-35mm.

[0034] The inner ring plate is preferably offset forward relative to the outer ring plate in the milling direction, so that the center chisel is also offset forward relative to the annular chisel. For example, there is an axial displacement of 10mm-25mm.

[0035] Alternatively or additionally, the mounting height of the center chisel in the milling direction preferably varies from the working circle to the working circle with a height difference in the range of 5mm-25mm, and increases in the direction of the axis of rotation.

[0036] Therefore, during the operation of the milling head, the central drilling unit first penetrates the pile core. Then, the central chisels, in pairs, penetrate the pile core sequentially and in stages, thus machining the pile core from the inside out. Consequently, the surface tension of the pile core is gradually disrupted by the tiered arrangement of the central chisels. The surface tension is not disrupted in one step, but rather gradually and therefore with reduced force. Therefore, the milling head of the present invention can operate efficiently with reduced force or reduced driving torque.

[0037] In another preferred embodiment, the mounting height of the annular chisel in the milling direction is also selected differently. Preferably, the mounting height in the milling direction gradually increases radially outward from the annular chisel to the annular chisel or from the working circle of the annular chisel to the working circle of the annular chisel with a height difference, which is preferably in the range of 5mm-25mm.

[0038] Because the annular chisel located at the outermost edge of the outer ring plate moves furthest downwards against the pile head in the milling direction, the outermost edge of the pile sleeve is milled off first. Therefore, the pile sleeve is milled from the outside inwards, avoiding cracking. Consequently, the surface tension of the pile sleeve is broken at the outer edge, after which the pile sleeve is gradually removed inwards.

[0039] The center chisel and the annular chisel are preferably mounted in at least two helical rows on the underside of the inner and outer annular plates, respectively. As described, the chisel height of the center chisel preferably increases radially inward from the center chisel to the center chisel in the direction of the rotation axis or in the direction of the center drilling unit, sequentially in a linear or non-linear manner. On the other hand, as described, the chisel height of the annular chisel preferably increases radially outward from the annular chisel to the edge of the outer annular plate, sequentially in a linear or non-linear manner.

[0040] The central drill unit and central chisel, located at different installation heights, along with the annular chisels at different installation heights, form a waveform extending concentrically with the axis of rotation in their engagement area or together with the corresponding working circle. This waveform has a maximum value in the region along the axis of rotation in the milling direction, a minimum value in the region of the central annular surface, and rises again towards the outer edge of the outer ring plate in the milling direction. The waveform ensures optimal engagement of the milling head in the pile head, thus allowing the pile head to be machined efficiently yet gently. Surface tension in the pile core and sleeve is advantageously broken, which is why rapid material removal is achieved with reduced energy requirements while simultaneously avoiding damage (e.g., cracking of the pile sleeve). Therefore, the present invention combines these three fundamental advantages that are usually mutually exclusive: faster and gentler material removal with reduced energy input. It should be noted that the milling process is advantageous, on the one hand, through the ingenious handling of the milled material, and on the other hand, through the advantageous arrangement of the central chisel and / or annular chisels.

[0041] At least one conveying shovel has a leading edge that extends from an inner edge closer to the axis of rotation to an outer edge further away from the axis of rotation. One or more conveying shovels are arranged and aligned such that contact with the pile head is avoided and loose milling material is firmly gripped and efficiently conveyed to the associated screw conveyor. Milling material conveyed radially outward from the radial shovel to the conveying opening is collected by the conveying shovel and conveyed upward to the screw conveyor. On the other hand, loose milling material from the outer central chisel is first collected by the conveying shovel on the outside and conveyed to the material flow flowing inward and upward toward the screw conveyor. This prevents milling material from accumulating around the inner ring plate and hindering the milling process or the rotation of the milling head. The conveying shovel preferably includes an outer shovel wall such that the material collected by the conveying shovel is not thrown outward by centrifugal force.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, at least one additional cleaning tool, such as a chisel, is provided, which grips the material around the periphery of the inner ring plate and deflects it inward. The cleaning tool or chisel preferably protrudes radially outward with a gap width exceeding that of the inner ring plate, which is preferably in the range of 5 mm to 40 mm.

[0043] Preferably, the leading edge of the conveyor shovel is inclined horizontally at a horizontal angle relative to the diameter of the inner ring plate, such that when the milling head rotates in the working direction, the outer edge of the corresponding conveyor shovel is in front, while the inner edge follows behind. Preferably, the horizontal inclination angle is in the range of 5°-25°, ensuring that the milling material is gripped at the periphery and guided to the center of the conveyor shovel.

[0044] Preferably, the leading edge of the conveying shovel is vertically inclined at a vertical angle relative to the diameter of the inner ring plate, such that the inner edge is preferably higher than the outer edge, depending on the mounting height of the central chisel. Preferably, the vertical angle of inclination is selected according to the height of the central chisel, such that there is a shovel spacing or distance between the tip of the central chisel and the leading edge of the conveying shovel, in the range of 5mm-40mm from the chisel tip and thus from the surface of the pile core.

[0045] The conveying shovel is also tilted relative to the axis of rotation by a vertical tilt angle of the shovel, with the leading edge of the conveying shovel in front during the operation of the milling head, and the vertical tilt angle of the shovel is preferably in the range of 5° and 85°.

[0046] At least one radial shovel and / or at least one conveying shovel are preferably located, at least partially, in a form-fitting manner in a recess or mounting hole provided in the inner ring plate. In this way, the radial shovel and the conveying shovel can be easily installed and removed. Alternatively, at least one radial shovel and / or at least one conveying shovel may also be completely or partially welded to the inner ring plate, thereby preferably the radial shovel and the conveying shovel rest at least partially flat on the supporting surface of the inner ring plate.

[0047] The center chisel mounted on the center milling cutter and the ring chisel mounted on the ring milling cutter preferably include weldable or form-fitting mounting members and chisel elements that can be inserted therein, and the chisel elements can be replaced periodically. Preferably, the retainer is connected to the corresponding retainer or mounting element of the ring plate via a form-fitting connector (e.g., a dovetail connector). The ring chisel is preferably slightly larger than the center chisel. Furthermore, one of the ring chisels can be connected to the inner ring plate as a cleaning chisel.

[0048] The inner and outer diameters of the inner and outer ring plates are preferably precisely fitted to the pile dimensions and the position of the armor within the pile, ensuring maximum concrete removal without damaging the armor. Therefore, a milling head is provided according to the dimensions of the pile head to be machined, which may include an outer diameter greater than 2m.

[0049] Preferably, center milling cutters and ring milling cutters of any size can be coupled or connected to each other via connecting plates. Furthermore, outer ring plates of different sizes and / or equipped with different tools can preferably be releasably connected to the mounting cylinder. Additionally, inner ring plates of different sizes and / or equipped with different tools can preferably be releasably connected to the shaft. In this way, the milling head can be flexibly adapted to the pile head awaiting machining.

[0050] The milling head is made of wear-resistant materials, particularly iron and steel. The tool components that contact the concrete pile are preferably made of hard metal. Typically, the milling tool includes a receiving orifice into which a carbide element is inserted for machining the concrete. For example, plastic components can be used if they possess the desired strength and a certain degree of elasticity should be provided to the milling head or its components. Attached Figure Description

[0051] The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is shown that:

[0052] Figure 1a A cross-sectional view of the milling head 1 for machining pile heads 80 according to the present invention is shown. The milling head 1 includes a connecting device 13, an annular milling cutter 12 and a central milling cutter 11. The annular milling cutter 12 includes a plurality of annular chisels 12 mounted on the lower side of an outer annular plate 122. The central milling cutter 11 includes an inner annular plate 112, on the lower side of which a plurality of central chisels 111 are provided. Two conveying shovels 119A and 119B are mounted adjacent to conveying openings 1120A and 1120B. Loose milling material can be conveyed from the working area of ​​the central chisels 111 to the screw conveyors 113A and 113B through the conveying openings.

[0053] Figure 1b It shows Figure 1a During the machining of the pile head 80, the milling head 1, the pile core 81 and the pile sleeve 82 of the pile head 80 have been removed at a height h2, and the undamaged iron armor 83 between the pile core 81 and the pile sleeve 82 remains in a relatively thin concrete sleeve 88.

[0054] Figure 2 As shown below Figure 1a The milling head 1 shows an inner ring plate 112 equipped with a central chisel 111 and an outer ring plate 122 equipped with an annular chisel 121. The central chisel 111 and the annular chisel 121 cover the central annular region kr1 corresponding to the pile core 81 and the outer annular region kr3 corresponding to the pile sleeve 82 according to the geometry of the machined pile 8, and define the intermediate annular region kr2. After machining the pile head 80, the remaining concrete sleeve 88 with iron armor 83 can enter the intermediate annular region kr2.

[0055] Figure 3a It shows Figure 2The inner ring plate 112 is equipped with two series 111A and 111B of spirally arranged central chisels 111, a central drilling unit 114, and two conveying openings 1120A and 1120B. Each conveying opening is laterally adjacent to radial shovels 118A and 118B and adjacent to conveying shovels 119A and 119B in the direction of rearward rotation. A cleaning chisel 1119A and 1119B is provided at the front of each conveying shovel.

[0056] Figure 3b It shows Figure 3a The inner ring plate 112 has a working circle ml marked with two series 111A, 111B central chisels 111, wherein the two central chisels 111, which are diametrically opposite to each other with respect to the rotation axis x of the central drill unit 114 and the milling head 1, are guided along a common working circle ml.

[0057] Figure 4 A portion of a center milling cutter 11 is shown, including an inner ring plate 112, a center drill unit 114, only three mounted center chisels 1112A, 1115B, 1118A, and a transfer opening 1120B. An associated radial shovel 118B and an associated transfer shovel 119B extend into the working area of ​​the center chisel 111 and are adjacent to the transfer opening.

[0058] Figure 5a It shows Figure 3a The space of the inner ring plate 112 is shown, and the inner ring plate 112 is fully equipped with a central chisel 111, radial shovels 118A and 118B, a conveying shovel 119A and 119B, cleaning tools 1119A and 1119B and a central drill unit 114.

[0059] Figure 5b It shows Figure 5a The inner ring plate 112 after removing the center chisel 111 and the delivery shovel 119B and removing the center drill unit 114 and the drill chuck 1143 from the recess 1129 of the inner ring plate 112;

[0060] Figure 6a As shown above Figure 5a The inner ring plate 112, wherein screw conveyors 113A and 113B are adjacent to the upper side of the inner ring plate 112, the screw conveyors rotate 180° relative to each other about the shaft 115 of the central milling cutter 11, and each screw conveyor is provided with a screw wall 1130 in this section, and a conveying opening 1120B is shown in the front view, which is adjacent to the conveying shovel 119B extending into the working area of ​​the central chisel 111 on the lower side, and adjacent to the screw conveyor 113B on the upper side;

[0061] Figure 6b It shows Figure 6aThe inner ring plate 112 has conveying openings 1120A and 1120B, but no screw conveyor 113A, 113B, shaft 115 and conveying shovel 119B;

[0062] Figure 7a A central chisel 111 is shown, including a retainer 111F and a chisel element 111M inserted therein; and

[0063] Figure 7b A ring-shaped chisel 121 is shown, including a retainer 121F and a chisel element 121M inserted therein. Detailed Implementation

[0064] Figure 1a A cross-sectional view of the milling head 1 of the present invention is shown, as follows: Figure 1b As shown, the milling head 1 is designed for machining the pile head 80 of the concrete pile 8.

[0065] The milling head 1 includes a center milling cutter 11 and a ring milling cutter 12, which are interconnected on their upper sides via a connecting plate 133 and a facing plate 134, and connected to a connecting device 13. The connecting device 13 includes a connecting sleeve 131 into which a drive shaft 2 of a drive unit (not shown) can be inserted and locked, for example, by a bolt 132. The drive shaft 2 is held, for example, by a construction vehicle capable of rotating and axially displacing the drive shaft 2 about a rotation axis x or about the longitudinal axis of the milling head 1. Therefore, the milling head 1 can be rotatably and coaxially lowered onto the pile head 80 for machining, such as... Figure 1b As shown. In all embodiments, viewed from above, the milling head 1 rotates clockwise.

[0066] The annular end mill 12 includes an outer annular plate 122, through which an annular chisel 121 is mounted on the underside of the outer annular plate 122, aligned in the direction of rotation or inclined relative to it. The upper side of the outer annular plate 122 is preferably releasably connected, for example, by a flange element and screws or threaded elements, to the lower side of a mounting cylinder 123, which is also preferably releasably connected, for example, by a flange element and screws or threaded elements, to a connecting plate 133. The mounting cylinder 123 is shown as a quarter-section view with the center end mill 11 exposed. On the underside, the mounting cylinder 123 includes an exit window 1231 through which loose milling material can be guided away to the outside. On the upper side, the mounting cylinder 123 includes a mounting window 1232 that allows engagement in the milling head 1 to, for example, release the center end mill 11.

[0067] The center milling cutter 11 includes an inner ring plate 112, and a center chisel 111 is mounted on the underside of the inner ring plate 112, aligned with or inclined relative to it in the rotational direction. A center drill unit 114, coaxially aligned with the rotational axis x, is disposed on the underside of the inner ring plate 112, protruding downward beyond the center chisel 111 and the annular chisel 121 in the milling direction. The inner ring plate 112 also includes two feed openings 1020A and 1020B (see...). Figure 3a The two conveying openings are diametrically opposite to each other with respect to the rotation axis x, and radial shovels 118A, 118B and conveying shovels 119A, 119B are assigned to each conveying opening.

[0068] On the upper side, screw conveyors 113A, 113B abut each conveying opening 1020A, 1020B. Screw conveyors 113A, 113B, which surround the shaft 115 upwards, are preferably formed of solid metal sheets. The lower side of the shaft 115 is connected to the inner ring plate 112 and is preferably releasably held on the upper side by a connecting device 14. The shaft 115 is connected to the coupling device 13 by the connecting device 14 in a force-locking and / or form-locking manner. The connecting device 14 preferably includes clamping devices distributed along the circumference of the shaft 115, which allow the shaft 115 to be clamped to the opposing panel 134. Therefore, the connecting device 14 allows the shaft 115 and the center milling cutter 11 to be removed from the milling head 1. Thus, the center milling cutter 11 can be disassembled, serviced, and reinserted, or replaced with a center milling cutter 11 including other features.

[0069] Figure 1b This shows the pile head 80 of the machined pile 8. Figure 1a The milling head 1 and pile 8 are shown in cross-section, the pile 8 comprising a height h1 and a diameter d. The pile core 81 and pile sleeve 82 (between which an undamaged iron armor 83 is held in a relatively thin concrete sleeve 88) have had a height difference h2 removed from top to bottom. Loose milled material is collected by conveyor shovels 119A, 119B and supplied to screw conveyors 113A, 113B through conveyor openings 1220A, 1220B, and is lifted and removed by these screw conveyors over the pile head 80 and the remaining concrete sleeve 88, respectively. Inside the pile head 80, the milled material is held laterally by a helical wall 1130, which is formed or welded to the helical conveyors 113A, 113B around its periphery. Thus, the milled material is lifted above the pile head 80 and only thereafter, under centrifugal force, is discharged outward into the outlet opening 1231 of the mounting cylinder 123.

[0070] Figure 1bThe diagram also shows the center chisel 111 and the annular chisel 121 at different heights, thus engaging the pile head 80 at different depths. At least the center chisel 111 closest to the center drill unit 114 is lower than the annular chisel 121 in the milling direction. Similarly, on the inner ring plate 112 and the outer ring plate 122, the center chisel 111 and the annular chisel 121 are mounted at different heights in the milling direction. The mounting height of the center chisel 111 increases radially in the direction of the rotation axis x, preferably increasing gradually from center chisel 111 to center chisel 111. The mounting height of the annular chisel 121 preferably increases radially outward gradually from annular chisel 121 to annular chisel 121. A linear or non-linear increase can be provided. The center drill unit 114, which performs a guiding or directing function, itself protrudes downward beyond the center chisel 111.

[0071] Figure 1b A cross-section of the pile head 8 is shown through a symmetrical route with a milling line dl corresponding to the arrangement of the center drill unit 114, the center chisel 111, and the annular chisel 121. This line includes a maximum value in the region of the rotation axis and interrupts in the region of the concrete sleeve 88 or in the region of the central annular region kr2, including a minimum value and subsequently rising again outwards in the milling direction. When the pile head 8 is machined, a corresponding waveform concentric with the rotation axis x is generated on its surface. This waveform ensures optimal engagement of the center milling cutter 11 and the annular milling cutter 12 in the pile head 80, removing the pile core 81 from the inside out and the pile sleeve 82 from the outside in. This gradual machining of the pile head 80 allows for the advantageous release of surface tension in the pile core 81 and the pile sleeve 82, while avoiding damage to the pile head 80.

[0072] After the pile head 80 is machined, the milling head 1 is lifted again. The remaining concrete sleeve 88, which still surrounds and protects the iron armor 83, is then effortlessly removed using other tools, such as milling and clamping.

[0073] Figure 2 The milling head 1 is shown below, including an inner ring plate 112 equipped with a central chisel 111 and an outer ring plate 122 equipped with an annular chisel 121. The central chisel 111 and the annular chisel 121 cover the central annular region kr1 corresponding to the pile core 81 and the outer annular region kr3 corresponding to the pile sleeve 82, respectively, according to the geometry of the machined pile 8, and define an intermediate annular region kr2. After machining the pile head 80, the remaining concrete sleeve 88 with iron armor 83 can enter the intermediate annular region kr2. A portion of the intermediate annular region kr2 is indicated by a shaded line.

[0074] The outer ring plate 122 has an outer diameter d122o and an inner diameter d122i. The inner ring plate 112 has an outer diameter d112.

[0075] On the outer ring plate 122, twelve spirally arranged annular chisels 121, or three series 121A, 121B, 121C of 1211, 1212, ..., 12112 are each offset by 120°. Each of the three annular chisels 121 is along the same working circle ml (only one working circle ml is shown). The installation height of the annular chisels 121 increases radially from the inside to the outside from the first annular chisel 1211 to the last annular chisel 12112, or from one working circle ml to the next working circle ml, preferably continuously. This is why the outermost annular chisel 12112 is at its highest point in the milling direction and therefore grips the outer edge of the piling sleeve 82 first. In this way, the piling sleeve 82 is machined from the outside inward, which is why harmful splitting is avoided. The increase in the installation height of the annular chisels 121 is preferably in the range of 5mm-25mm. For example, the installation height of the first ring chisels 1211, 1212, ... increases by approximately 5 mm, and the installation height of the last ring chisels ..., 12111, 12112 increases by approximately 25 mm.

[0076] exist Figure 3a On the inner ring plate 112 shown in the enlarged view, eight spirally arranged central chisels 111 and 1111, 1112, ..., 1118 are arranged with two series 111A and 111B offset by 180°.

[0077] like Figure 3b As shown, two diametrically opposed center chisels 111 are positioned along the same working circle ml. The mounting height of the center chisels 111 increases radially from the outside to the inside from the first center chisel 1111 to the last center chisel 1108, preferably continuously. This is why the center chisel 1108 closest to the axis of rotation x is positioned highest in the milling direction and thus penetrates the center of the core 81 first after the center drill unit 114. In this way, the core 81 is machined from the inside out, which allows the core 81 to be machined more quickly.

[0078] For example, the installation height of the first ring chisels 1111, 1112, ... increases by approximately 5 mm, and the installation height of the last ring chisels ..., 1107, 1108 increases by approximately 25 mm.

[0079] The central chisels 111 are radially offset from each other in pairs with equal or unequal chisel distances ma, and define a working circle ml during rotation. Differences in the radii of the working circles ml correspond to corresponding chisel spacing. Uniform chisel spacing ma or varying chisel distances ma are preferably in the range of 20mm-40mm. This arrangement of the central chisels 111 allows for optimal material removal. Therefore, the working circles ml are radially and also vertically offset from each other.

[0080] The inner ring plate 112 also includes two conveying openings 1120A and 1120B, which are diametrically opposed to each other with respect to the axis of rotation x, through which loose milling material can be guided away. To remove the milled material, conveying shovels 119A and 119B are positioned adjacent to the rear edge of each conveying opening 1120A and 1120B, extending partially into the region of the respective conveying opening 1120A and 1120B and partially into the working area of ​​the central chisel 111. At the front, the conveying shovels 119A and 119B include a leading edge 1193 extending from the inner edge to the outer edge. Thus, the leading edge 1193 of the conveying shovels 119A and 119B first engages with the exposed milled material to guide it upwards through the conveying shovels 119A and 119B.

[0081] Figure 3a The diagram shows the leading edge 1193 inclined horizontally at a horizontal angle α1 relative to the diameter d112 of the inner ring plate 112, such that as the milling head 1 rotates in the working direction, the outer edges 1192 of the corresponding conveying shovels 119A, 119B are in front, while the inner edges 1191 follow behind. Therefore, the milled material is first collected on the outer side of the leading edge 1193 and displaced inward against the corresponding conveying openings 1120A, 1120B. This displacement of the milled material results in favorable material flow, which reduces the load on the conveying shovels 119A, 119B. The horizontal angle α1, or advance angle, is preferably in the range of 0°–25°.

[0082] Each transfer opening 1120A, 1120B is also associated with radial shovels 118A, 118B, which convey milled material exposed by the central drill unit 114 and the inner central chisel 111 outward to the transfer openings 1120A, 1120B. The radial shovels 118A, 118B may be simple plates, preferably held in a form-fitting manner by the inner ring plate 112, and preferably inclined radially toward or towards the associated transfer openings 1120A, 1120B.

[0083] Figure 3bIt is also shown that cleaning chisels 1119A and 1119B are mounted on the front edge of each conveying opening 1120A and 1120B, the cleaning chisels protruding outwards with a gap width b exceeding the inner ring plate 112, the gap width b preferably being in the range of 5mm-40mm. The cleaning chisels 1119A and 1119B pick up concrete particles that are not yet loose and may damage the conveying shovels 119A and 119B, as well as milled material located on the outer side, and convey them radially inwards so that they can be picked up by the conveying shovels 119A and 119B. The cleaning chisels 1119A and 1119B are preferably identical to the annular chisel 121, which is preferably larger than the central chisel 111.

[0084] To ensure that the milled material can be well gripped around the perimeter, the conveyor shovels 119A and 119B can also protrude radially outwards, exceeding the inner ring plate 112 by up to 35mm.

[0085] Figure 3b It is also shown that the inner ring plate 112 has a mounting hole 1128 on the underside, into which a center chisel 111 or a retainer for the center chisel 111 is inserted.

[0086] Figure 4 A portion of a center milling cutter 11 is shown, comprising an inner ring plate 112, a center drill unit 114, three mounted center chisels 1112A, 1115B, and 1118A, and a transfer opening 1120B. An associated radial chisel 118B and an associated transfer chisel 119B extend into the working area of ​​the center chisel 111, adjacent to the transfer opening. For each tool, the penetration depth is shown in the figure; for the center drill unit 114, the penetration depth is t0; for the center chisels 1112A, 1115B, and 1118A, the penetration depths are t1, t2, and t3; for the inner edge 1181 and outer edge 1182 of the radial chisel 118B, the penetration depths are t1181 and t1182; and for the inner edge 1191 and outer edge 1192 of the transfer chisel 119B, the penetration depths are t1191 and t1192.

[0087] The leading edge 1183 of the radial shovel 118B extends from the inner edge 1181 to the outer edge 1182, or from the penetration depth t1181 to the penetration depth t1182, with an outwardly descending slope. The leading edge 1193 of the conveying shovel 119B extends from the inner edge 1191 to the outer edge 1192, or from the penetration depth t1191 to the penetration depth t1182, with an outwardly descending slope.

[0088] The leading edge 1193 of the conveying shovel 119B is vertically inclined relative to the diameter d112 of the inner ring plate 112, preferably at a vertical inclination angle a2, such that the inner edge 1191 is preferably higher than the outer edge 1192 in the conveying direction according to the path of the installation height of the central chisel 111. Therefore, the conveying shovel 119B will not come into contact with the surface of the pile head 80 or the pile core 81.

[0089] Preferably, a shovel spacing a3 is provided between the front edge 1193 of the conveying shovel 119 and the working circle ml of the center chisel 111 or the tip of the center chisel 111, which is preferably in the range of 5 mm to 40 mm.

[0090] Figure 4 A center drill unit 114 is also shown, which includes a milling tool or drilling tool 1141 and a tool spindle 1142. The center drill unit 114 is held in a mounting portion or drill chuck 1143 and is secured by a locking portion 11431, for example by bolts.

[0091] Figure 5a It shows Figure 3a The space of the inner ring plate 112 is fully equipped with a center chisel 111; radial shovels 118A, 118B; conveyor shovels 119A, 119B; cleaning tools 1119A, 1119B; and a center drill unit 114. A series of center chisels 111 are labeled with corresponding serial numbers 1111, 1112, ..., 1108. Furthermore, a view above the conveyor shovel 119B passing through the conveyor opening 1120B is shown on the right side.

[0092] Figure 5b The image shows the process after removing the center chisel 111 and the feed shovel 119B, and removing the center drill unit 114 and the drill chuck 1143 from the recess 1129 of the inner ring plate 112. Figure 5a The inner ring plate 112. Furthermore, a recess 1123 is visible on the underside of the inner ring plate 112, which is used to accommodate radial shovels 118A and 118B. The housing 121F of the cleaning chisel 1119B is still installed.

[0093] In order to achieve the assembly height or vertical displacement of the central chisel 111, the lower side of the inner ring plate 112 is provided with annular steps S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5, which preferably correspond to the working circle ml.

[0094] Figure 6a As shown above Figure 5aThe inner ring plate 112 has screw conveyors 113A and 113B adjacent to the upper side of the inner ring plate 112 and rotated 180° relative to each other. The screw conveyors 113A and 113B surround the shaft 115 of the central milling cutter 11, and each screw conveyor 113A and 113B has a helical wall 1130 in this section. A conveying opening 1120B is shown, with a conveying bucket 119B extending into the working area of ​​the central chisel 111 adjacent to the conveying opening on its lower side, and a screw conveyor 113B adjacent to the conveying opening on its upper side. The inner ring plate 112 has conveying surfaces 1125A and 1125B for each conveying opening 1020A and 1020B, through which milling material is conveyed from the conveying buckets 119A and 119B to the associated screw conveyors 113A and 113B. The conveying surfaces 1125A and 1125B can be completely covered by conveying shovels 119A and 119B. For example, the conveying shovels 119A and 119B can therefore be welded to the lower end of the conveying surfaces 1125A and 1125B at the front, or they can be attached to the associated conveying surfaces 1125A and 1125B, or they can be screwed on.

[0095] The conveying shovel 119B, adjacent to or extending further from the conveying opening 1120B, is inclined relative to the axis of rotation x at a shovel inclination angle α4, forming an inclined plane. The conveying shovel 119B is inclined at the shovel inclination angle α4, with its leading edge 1193 pointing forward below the conveying opening 1120B, wherein the shovel inclination angle α4 is preferably in the range of 5°–85°. Preferably, vertical orientation of the conveying shovel 119B is avoided, in which case the milling material is pushed forward and hardly displaced upward. The shovel inclination angle α4 (approximately 45° in the illustrated embodiment) is thus selected such that the milling material can pass over the conveying shovel 119B to reach the conveying opening 1020B and onto the screw conveyor 113B. To prevent the conveyed milling material from escaping to the outside, the conveying shovel 119B includes an outer wall 1195.

[0096] The conveying surface 1125B is preferably shaped such that at the inlet of the screw conveyor 113B, there is an unobstructed, preferably layered transition between the conveying shovels 119B.

[0097] Figure 6b It shows Figure 6aThe inner ring plate 112 is removed, but the screw conveyors 113A, 113B, shaft 115, and conveyor shovel 119B are not present. After the conveyor shovel 119B is removed, a connection space with a connection surface 1127 is exposed on the lower edge of the conveying surface 1125B or on the lower side of the conveying opening 1120B, in which the conveyor shovel 119B can be secured, for example, by threading and / or welding. Connection surfaces 1126A, 1126B for the screw conveyors 113A, 113B are also exposed, extending to an edge or stop 11261 flush with the upper edge of the associated screw conveyors 113A, 113B, allowing milling material to enter the screw conveyors 113A, 113B without obstruction.

[0098] Figure 7a A central chisel 111 is shown, including a retainer 111F and a chisel element 111M inserted therein.

[0099] Figure 7b A ring-shaped chisel 121 is shown, which includes a retainer 121F and a chisel element 121M inserted therein. In this embodiment, the ring-shaped chisel 121 also functions as a cleaning chisel, such as... Figure 6b As shown.

[0100] List of reference numerals in the attached diagram:

[0101] 1. Milling head

[0102] 11 Center milling cutter

[0103] 111, 1111, ..., 1118 Center chisels

[0104] 111A, 111B Central Chisel Set

[0105] 111F Chisel Holder

[0106] 111M chisel or tool

[0107] 1119A, 1119B Cleaning tools, cleaning chisels

[0108] 112 Inner Ring Plate

[0109] 1120A, 1120B Conveyor Openings

[0110] 1123 Mounting hole for radial shovel

[0111] 1124 Receiving port for shaft 115

[0112] 1125A, 1125B Conveyor Surfaces with Conveyor Openings

[0113] 1126A and 1126B are used for connecting surfaces of screw conveyors.

[0114] 1127 Connecting surface for conveyor shovel

[0115] 1128 Mounting hole for the center chisel 111

[0116] 1129 Receiving port for mounting part 1143

[0117] 113A and 113B screw conveyors

[0118] 1130 Spiral Wall

[0119] 114 Center Drilling Unit

[0120] 1141 Milling tools, carbide cutting edges

[0121] 1142 Tool Shaft

[0122] 1143 Installation part, drill chuck

[0123] 11431 Locking Department

[0124] 115 axis

[0125] 118A, 118B Radial Shovel

[0126] 1181 Inner edge of radial shovel

[0127] 1182 Outer edge of radial shovel

[0128] 1183 The leading edge of the radial shovel

[0129] 119A and 119B Conveyor Shovels

[0130] 1191 Inner edge of the conveyor shovel

[0131] 1192 Outer edge of the conveyor shovel

[0132] 1193 Front edge of the conveyor shovel

[0133] 1195 Outer wall of the conveyor shovel

[0134] 12 Ring end mills

[0135] 121; 1211, ..., 12112 Ring chisels

[0136] 121A, ..., 121C Circular Chisel Set

[0137] 121F Chisel Holder

[0138] 121M chisel or tool

[0139] 122 Outer Ring Plate

[0140] 123 Install cylinder

[0141] 1231 Exit Window

[0142] 1232 Installation window for proximity

[0143] 13. Connecting device

[0144] 131 Connecting sleeve

[0145] 132 Connection methods and connecting bolts

[0146] 133 Connecting plate

[0147] 134 pairs of panels

[0148] 14 Connecting device

[0149] 2 drive shafts

[0150] 8 piles

[0151] 81 pile cores

[0152] 82 pile sleeves

[0153] 83 Metal Armor

[0154] 88 Concrete Sleeve

[0155] a1 Horizontal tilt angle of the front edge

[0156] a2 Vertical tilt angle of the front edge

[0157] a3 Spacing

[0158] a4 The tilt angle of the shovel

[0159] b. Gap width

[0160] d Pile diameter

[0161] d112 Outer diameter of the inner ring plate

[0162] The inner diameter of the outer ring plate of d122i

[0163] d122o Outer diameter of the outer ring plate

[0164] d1 Milling line along the pile diameter

[0165] h1 Pile height

[0166] h2 Pile head height

[0167] kr1 central annular region

[0168] kr2 middle annular region

[0169] kr3 outer ring region

[0170] ma Chisel spacing

[0171] ml chisel line, working circle

[0172] S1, ..., S5 are steps at point 112 on the inner ring plate.

[0173] t0 is the penetration depth of the central drilling unit.

[0174] The penetration depth of the center chisel 1118A (t1)

[0175] The penetration depth of the t2 center chisel 1115B

[0176] The penetration depth of the center chisel 1112A (t3)

[0177] t1181 Radial shovel inner edge penetration depth

[0178] t1182 Radial shovel outer edge penetration depth

[0179] T1191 Inner edge penetration depth of the conveyor shovel

[0180] t1192 Penetration depth of the outer edge of the conveyor shovel

Claims

1. A milling head (1) having a rotation axis (x) for machining the pile head (80) of a pile (8), the pile comprising a pile core (81), a pile sleeve (82) and a metal armor (83) inserted between the two, the milling head (1) having: A connecting device (13) that can be connected to the drive shaft (2) of the drive unit. The center milling cutter (11) includes multiple center chisels (111) mounted on the underside of the inner ring plate (112), and The annular end mill (12) includes a plurality of annular chisels (121) mounted on the underside of the outer annular plate (122). The center milling cutter (11) and the ring milling cutter (12) are connected to each other coaxially aligned with the axis of rotation (x), and The outer ring plate (122) surrounds the inner ring plate (112), and the inner ring plate (112) and the outer ring plate (122) are separated by a central circular region (kr2). Its features are, The inner ring plate (112) includes at least one conveying opening (1120A, 1120B) extending from the lower side of the inner ring plate (112) to the upper side of the inner ring plate (112), the at least one conveying opening (1120A, 1120B) being adjacent on the lower side to a conveying shovel (119A, 119B) that extends partially into the working area of ​​the central chisel (111), and the at least one conveying opening (1120A, 1120B) being adjacent on the upper side to a screw conveyor (113A, 113B).

2. The milling head (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner ring plate (112) includes two conveying openings (1120A, 1120B), each conveying opening being adjacent on the underside to a conveying shovel (119A, 119B) that extends at least partially into the working area of ​​the central chisel (111), and each conveying opening being adjacent on the upper side to a screw conveyor (113A, 113B).

3. The milling head (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conveying openings (1120A, 1120B), the conveying shovels (119A, 119B), and the central chisel (111) are paired opposite each other in diameter with respect to the axis of rotation (x) and are equidistant from the axis of rotation (x).

4. The milling head (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner ring plate (112) is connected to the lower side of the shaft (115), the outer ring plate (122) is connected to the lower side of the mounting cylinder (123), and the shaft (115) and the mounting cylinder (123) are coaxially aligned with the rotation axis (x) and are connected to the connecting plate (133) on their upper side, and the connecting device (13) is arranged on the connecting plate (133).

5. The milling head (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The at least one screw conveyor (113A, 113B) or both screw conveyors (113A, 113B) that are rotated 180° relative to each other have a sidewall (1130) in the lower section.

6. The milling head (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, A central drill unit (114) is arranged on the underside of the inner ring plate (112), the central drill unit (114) is coaxially aligned with the axis of rotation (x) and protrudes beyond the central chisel (111) and the annular chisel (121) in the milling direction, and at least one radial shovel (118A, 118B) is provided on the underside of the inner ring plate (112), the shovel (118A, 118B) is adjacent to the central drill unit (114) and radially aligned with respect to the axis of rotation (x).

7. The milling head (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that, The central drilling unit (114) is releasably held in a mounting portion or drill chuck, which is inserted into a receiving port (1129) located on the underside of the inner ring plate (112).

8. The milling head (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central chisels (111) are all radially offset from each other with equal or unequal chisel spacing (ma) and define a working circle (ml) during rotation.

9. The milling head (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that, The uniform chisel spacing (ma) or the radial spacing of different chisel spacing (ma) or working circles (ml) of the central chisel (111) is within the range of 20mm-40mm.

10. The milling head (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central chisels (111) are all radially spaced on the working circle (ml) by equal or unequal chisel distances (ma).

11. The milling head (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that, The mounting height of the central chisel (111) in the milling direction varies with a height difference from one working circle (ml) to the next working circle (ml), the height difference being in the range of 5mm-25mm and increasing in the direction of the rotation axis (x).

12. The milling head (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The annular chisels (121) are radially offset from each other with equal or unequal chisel spacing and define a working circle (ml) during rotation.

13. The milling head (1) according to claim 12, characterized in that, The mounting height of the annular chisel (121) increases radially outward in the milling direction with a height difference from one working circle (ml) to the next working circle (ml), the height difference being in the range of 5mm-25mm.

14. The milling head (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that, The central drill unit (114), the central chisel (111), and the annular chisel (121), located at different installation heights, form a waveform that extends concentrically with the axis of rotation (x) in their engagement area or with their working circle (ml). The waveform has a maximum value in the region of the axis of rotation (x) in the milling direction, a minimum value in the region of the central annular region (kr2), and rises again in the milling direction toward the outer edge of the outer ring plate (122).

15. The milling head (1) according to any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that, The at least one conveying shovel (119A, 119B) includes a front edge (1193) extending from an inner edge (1191) closer to the axis of rotation (x) to an outer edge (1192) further away from the axis of rotation (x). The front edge (1193) is horizontally inclined at a horizontal angle (a1) relative to the diameter (d112) of the inner ring plate (112), such that during rotation of the milling head (1) in the working direction, the outer edge (1192) is in front, while the inner edge (1191) follows behind.

16. The milling head (1) according to any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that, The at least one conveying shovel (119A, 119B) includes a front edge (1193) extending from an inner edge (1191) closer to the axis of rotation (x) to an outer edge (1192) further away from the axis of rotation (x). The front edge (1193) is vertically inclined at a vertical angle (a2) relative to the diameter (d112) of the inner ring plate (112), such that the inner edge (1191) is higher than the outer edge (1192) according to the installation height of the central chisel (111).

17. The milling head (1) according to any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that, The at least one conveying shovel (119A, 119B) includes a front edge (1193) extending from an inner edge (1191) closer to the axis of rotation (x) to an outer edge (1192) further away from the axis of rotation (x). The front edge (1193) is recessed by a shovel spacing (a3) ​​along the milling direction relative to the working circle (ml) of the center chisel (111) over the entire length. The shovel spacing (a3) ​​is in the range of 5 mm to 40 mm.

18. The milling head (1) according to any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that, The at least one conveying shovel (119A, 119B) is inclined relative to the axis of rotation (x) at a vertical tilt angle (a4) of the shovel, wherein the front edge (1193) of the conveying shovel (119A, 119B) is in front, and the tilt angle (a4) of the shovel is in the range of 5°-85°.

Images