Fire exhaust system for super high-rise buildings

Abstract

This application relates to a fire-fighting smoke exhaust system for high-rise buildings, belonging to the field of building fire protection facilities technology. It includes a negative pressure source, a controller, a smoke extraction duct installed on the ceiling of the building's interior, and a smoke sensor for detecting smoke. The smoke extraction duct is connected to a ventilation duct, the input end of the negative pressure source is connected to the ventilation duct, and the output end of the negative pressure source extends to the outside of the building. The smoke extraction duct is provided with a smoke inlet for allowing smoke generated during a fire to flow into the duct. Both the negative pressure source and the smoke sensor are electrically connected to the controller. When a fire occurs, the smoke sensor detects the smoke generated by the fire, and the controller controls the negative pressure source to operate, creating a negative pressure inside the ventilation duct and the smoke inlet duct. This allows smoke from inside the building to flow into the smoke extraction duct through the smoke inlet and be discharged to the outside of the building through the output end of the negative pressure source, thus facilitating the timely removal of smoke from inside the building and reducing the risk of smoke hazard to occupants.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of building fire protection facilities technology, and in particular to a fire smoke exhaust system for super high-rise buildings. Background Technology

[0002] Super high-rise buildings refer to buildings with more than 40 floors and a height of more than 100 meters. They are often used for commercial purposes such as shopping malls, hotels, and office buildings, and are places where people are concentrated.

[0003] Similar to ordinary low-rise buildings, super high-rise buildings are also equipped with fire-fighting facilities such as sprinkler fire extinguishers and fire hydrants to facilitate the timely extinguishing of fires.

[0004] However, when the fire source is located far from the sprinkler fire extinguisher or the fire is large and difficult to extinguish in time, due to the large number of floors and height of high-rise buildings, it is difficult for people on the upper floors to evacuate to the outside of the building in time. As a result, people inside the building are likely to inhale the smoke generated by the fire, which can harm their respiratory system and thus endanger their lives. Therefore, this issue needs to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a fire smoke exhaust system for ultra-high-rise buildings, which can quickly exhaust the smoke generated by a fire to the outside of the building, thereby reducing the possibility of smoke posing a safety hazard to people inside the building.

[0006] The fire-fighting smoke exhaust system for high-rise buildings provided in this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A fire-fighting smoke exhaust system for a super high-rise building includes a negative pressure source, a controller, a smoke extraction duct installed on the ceiling of the building's interior, and a smoke sensor for detecting smoke. The smoke extraction duct is connected to a ventilation duct, the input end of the negative pressure source is connected to the ventilation duct, and the output end of the negative pressure source extends to the exterior of the building. The smoke extraction duct is provided with a smoke inlet for allowing smoke generated during a fire to flow into the smoke extraction duct. Both the negative pressure source and the smoke sensor are electrically connected to the controller.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, when a fire occurs, the smoke detector senses the smoke generated by the fire, and the controller controls the negative pressure source to operate, so that a negative pressure is formed inside the ventilation duct and the smoke inlet duct. This allows the smoke inside the building to flow into the smoke inlet duct through the smoke inlet and be discharged to the outside of the building through the output end of the negative pressure source. This helps to remove the smoke inside the building in a timely manner, thereby reducing the risk of smoke hazard to people inside the building.

[0009] Optionally, the ventilation duct is provided with a smoke outlet and an air inlet, and the input end of the negative pressure source is connected to the interior of the smoke outlet; the ventilation duct is provided with a positive pressure source, the output end of the positive pressure source is connected to the air inlet, and the input end of the positive pressure source extends to the outside of the building; the positive pressure source is electrically connected to the controller.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, when the smoke sensor does not detect smoke, the negative pressure source is in a stopped state and the positive pressure source is in a running state, so that the outdoor air is introduced into the smoke inlet duct through the ventilation duct, so that the air can flow into the building through the smoke inlet hole to improve the air circulation in the building; when the smoke sensor detects smoke, the controller stops the positive pressure source, so that the negative pressure source can exhaust the smoke in the building to the outside through the smoke inlet duct.

[0011] Optionally, the smoke extraction duct is equipped with a filter assembly for filtering the gas introduced into the building interior.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solutions, the air filtration components can improve the cleanliness of the air introduced into the building interior.

[0013] Optionally, a smoke inlet pipe is inserted into the smoke inlet hole, and the smoke extraction duct is provided with a connecting component for fixing the smoke inlet pipe; the end of the smoke inlet pipe away from the smoke inlet hole is the air outlet end; the air filter assembly is located inside the smoke inlet pipe; the air filter assembly is slidably connected to the smoke inlet pipe along the length direction of the smoke inlet pipe; a smoke exhaust hole is provided through the inner sidewall of the smoke inlet pipe, and the interior of the smoke exhaust hole communicates with the interior of the smoke extraction duct; the smoke exhaust hole is located on the sliding path of the air filter assembly.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, when the smoke inlet pipe supplies air into the room, the gas in the smoke inlet pipe exerts a force on the filter assembly, causing the filter assembly to move towards the air outlet, so that the filter assembly moves to the side of the exhaust hole closer to the air outlet to filter the gas in the smoke inlet pipe; when the smoke inlet pipe is used for smoke extraction, the gas containing smoke can drive the filter assembly to move towards the smoke inlet. When the filter assembly moves to the side of the exhaust hole away from the air outlet, the gas in the smoke inlet pipe can flow into the smoke extraction duct through the exhaust hole, thereby reducing the possibility of the filter assembly obstructing the flow of smoke, so that the smoke can flow into the smoke extraction duct quickly.

[0015] In addition, when the positive pressure source is restarted after the fire is extinguished, the air filtration assembly can block soot in the smoke extraction duct and concentrate it near the smoke inlet pipe, making it easier to clean. The connecting assembly connects the mounting plate to the smoke extraction duct to fix the smoke inlet pipe. The structure is simple and easy to disassemble or install the smoke inlet pipe, thus facilitating the cleaning of soot and other debris trapped at the smoke inlet.

[0016] Optionally, the connecting assembly includes a mounting plate for abutting against the outer wall of the smoke inlet duct, an abutting rod for abutting against the side wall of the mounting plate opposite to the smoke inlet duct, a limiting rod slidably connected to the abutting rod along the axial direction of the smoke inlet duct, and an elastic driving member for driving the limiting rod to slide towards the mounting plate; the mounting plate is provided with a limiting hole for inserting one end of the limiting rod; the mounting plate is connected to the smoke inlet duct, and the abutting rod is rotatably connected to the smoke inlet duct.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the abutting rod abuts against the mounting plate to restrict the movement of the mounting plate away from the smoke inlet duct, thereby achieving the effect of fixing the smoke inlet duct; the limiting rod cooperates with the limiting hole, which helps to limit the rotation of the abutting rod, thereby improving the stability of the abutting rod and the mounting plate in maintaining contact, and thus improving the stability of fixing the smoke inlet duct.

[0018] Optionally, the smoke inlet pipe is provided with an elastic reset member for driving the air filter assembly to move towards the air outlet.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, when the negative pressure source stops operating, the elastic reset component can automatically move the air filter assembly to the side of the smoke exhaust hole closer to the air outlet. The structure is simple, which ensures that the air filter assembly filters the gas flowing towards the air outlet.

[0020] Optionally, the inner wall of the smoke inlet pipe is threaded with a limiting ring for abutting against the side wall of the filter assembly opposite to the smoke exhaust hole.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, when it is necessary to replace or clean the air filter assembly, the limiting ring can be removed by rotating it, so that the air filter assembly can be taken out from the smoke inlet pipe. The operation is simple and quick.

[0022] Optionally, the air filtration assembly includes a sliding ring slidably connected to the inner wall of the flue and a filter element connected to the inner wall of the sliding ring; the sliding ring is provided with a one-way control element for the gas to flow towards the outlet.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, when the positive pressure source is running, the one-way control component is opened, and the gas flows towards the air outlet through the sliding ring; when the negative pressure source is running, the one-way control component is closed to prevent the gas from flowing from the air outlet towards the smoke extraction duct, which helps to increase the air pressure difference on both sides of the sliding ring, so that the sliding ring can move automatically towards the smoke extraction duct, allowing the smoke in the smoke inlet pipe to flow into the smoke exhaust hole.

[0024] Optionally, the smoke outlet and the air inlet are arranged opposite to each other, with the smoke outlet located on the inner top wall of the ventilation duct and the air inlet located on the inner bottom wall of the ventilation duct. The inner top wall of the ventilation duct is provided with a sealing plate for blocking the smoke outlet. The sealing plate is located on the side of the smoke outlet away from the smoke extraction duct and is rotatably connected to the ventilation duct. The side of the sealing plate near the smoke extraction duct can abut against the inner bottom wall of the ventilation duct on the side of the air inlet near the smoke extraction duct to block the air inlet.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, when the positive pressure source is running, the air entering through the air inlet pushes upward against the sealing plate, allowing the sealing plate to abut against the inner top wall of the ventilation duct, sealing the smoke outlet and opening the air inlet, thus allowing outdoor air to flow into the ventilation duct through the air inlet. When the negative pressure source is running, the positive pressure source stops operating, and the sealing plate, under its own weight, remains against the inner bottom wall of the ventilation duct, sealing the air inlet and opening the smoke outlet, thus allowing smoke inside the ventilation duct to be discharged through the smoke outlet. The sealing plate can automatically open or close the air inlet, has a simple structure, and is easy to maintain.

[0026] Optionally, the sealing plate is provided with an adsorption element, which can be adsorbed and fixed to the inner top wall of the ventilation duct or to the inner bottom wall of the ventilation duct; the adsorption element is electrically connected to the controller.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, when the positive pressure source is activated, the controller separates the adsorption component from the inner bottom wall of the ventilation duct, allowing the sealing plate to rotate upwards. This allows the adsorption component to be adsorbed and fixed to the inner top wall of the ventilation duct, improving the stability of the sealing plate in blocking the smoke outlet and thus enhancing the air supply efficiency to the building interior. When the negative pressure source is activated, the controller separates the adsorption component from the inner top wall of the ventilation duct, allowing the adsorption component to be adsorbed and fixed to the inner bottom wall of the ventilation duct. This improves the stability of the sealing plate in blocking the air inlet and enhances the smoke exhaust efficiency.

[0028] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0029] 1. After the smoke detector senses the smoke generated by the fire, the controller controls the operation of the negative pressure source to create a negative pressure inside the ventilation duct and the smoke inlet duct. This allows the smoke inside the building to flow into the smoke inlet duct through the smoke inlet and be discharged to the outside of the building through the output end of the negative pressure source. This helps to remove the smoke from the building in a timely manner and reduces the risk of smoke hazard to people inside the building.

[0030] 2. When the smoke sensor does not detect smoke, the negative pressure source is in a stopped state and the positive pressure source is in a running state, so as to introduce outdoor air into the smoke inlet duct through the ventilation duct, thereby allowing air to flow into the building through the smoke inlet hole to improve the air circulation in the building.

[0031] 3. The smoke inlet pipe is located on the sliding path of the air filter assembly, and the smoke exhaust hole is connected to the inside of the smoke extraction duct. This helps to reduce the possibility that the air filter assembly will obstruct the flow of smoke when smoking. At the same time, it allows the air filter assembly to automatically filter the air flowing into the building. The structure is simple and easy to disassemble and assemble. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a fire smoke exhaust system for a super high-rise building.

[0033] Figure 2 It is along Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cross section along line AA.

[0034] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view of part B in the image.

[0035] Figure 4 It is along Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of the CC line.

[0036] Figure 5 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view of part D in the image.

[0037] Figure 6 This is an exploded diagram used to illustrate the structure of a one-way control component.

[0038] In the diagram, 1 is a negative pressure source; 2 is a smoke extraction duct; 21 is a smoke inlet; 3 is a ventilation duct; 31 is a smoke outlet; 32 is an air inlet; 33 is a positive pressure source; 34 is a sealing plate; 341 is an adsorption component; 4 is a smoke inlet pipe; 41 is an air outlet; 42 is a limiting ring; 43 is a smoke exhaust port; 431 is a smoke exhaust pipe; 44 is an elastic reset component; 45 is a mounting ring; 5 is a connecting assembly; 51 is a mounting plate; 511 is a limiting hole; 52 is an abutment rod; 521 is a mounting hole; 53 is a limiting rod; 54 is an elastic drive component; 6 is a filter assembly; 61 is a sliding ring; 611 is a flexible sealing baffle; 6111 is a clearance hole; and 62 is a filter component. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 6 This application will be described in further detail below.

[0040] A fire-fighting smoke exhaust system for super high-rise buildings, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2The system includes a negative pressure source 1 (not shown in the figure), a controller, a smoke extraction duct 2, and a smoke sensor (not shown in the figure); the controller includes a PLC. The smoke extraction duct 2 is suspended above the ceiling of the building interior by a bracket; a ventilation duct 3 is fixed to the end of the smoke extraction duct 2 via a flange, and the interior of the ventilation duct 3 communicates with the interior of the smoke extraction duct 2. The end of the ventilation duct 3 away from the smoke extraction duct 2 extends to the exterior of the building. The negative pressure source 1 includes a negative pressure fan and is fixedly installed outside the building; a smoke outlet 31 is formed through the upper surface of the ventilation duct 3 at the exterior end, and the inner wall of the smoke outlet 31 is connected to the input end of the negative pressure source 1 via a pipe. A smoke inlet 21 is formed through the lower surface of the smoke extraction duct 2, and multiple smoke inlets 21 are spaced apart along the length of the smoke extraction duct 2. A smoke inlet pipe 4 is inserted into the smoke inlet 21, and the end of the smoke inlet pipe 4 away from the smoke extraction duct 2 is the air outlet 41, which extends downward through the ceiling of the building. In this embodiment, both the smoke extraction duct 2 and the ventilation duct 3 are square tubes.

[0041] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The outer peripheral wall of the smoke inlet pipe 4 fits against the inner peripheral wall of the smoke inlet hole 21; the smoke extraction duct 2 is provided with a connecting component 5 for fixing the smoke inlet pipe 4. A smoke sensor is bolted to the lower surface of the ceiling inside the building; both the smoke sensor and the negative pressure source 1 are connected to the controller via wires. When a fire occurs inside the building and smoke is generated, the smoke sensor detects the smoke, and the controller activates the negative pressure source 1, allowing the smoke inside the building to flow into the smoke inlet pipe 4 from the outlet end 41, thus allowing the smoke to flow along the smoke extraction duct 2 and the ventilation duct 3 and be discharged to the outside of the building from the output end of the negative pressure source 1. In another embodiment, the smoke inlet hole 21 can also be opened on the outer side wall of both sides of the smoke extraction duct 2 along its width.

[0042] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 The connecting assembly 5 includes a mounting plate 51, an abutment rod 52, a limiting rod 53, and an elastic driving component 54. The mounting plate 51 is welded and fixed to the outer peripheral wall of the smoke inlet pipe 4. One end of the abutment rod 52 is rotatably connected to the lower surface of the smoke extraction duct 2 via a pin, and the distance between the abutment rod 52 and the smoke extraction duct 2 is equal to the thickness of the mounting plate 51. When the smoke inlet pipe 4 is inserted into the smoke inlet hole 21, the upper surface of the mounting plate 51 can abut against the lower surface of the smoke extraction duct 2. At this time, rotating the abutment rod 52 will rotate the abutment rod 52 to the underside of the mounting plate 51 to support the mounting plate 51, thereby fixing the smoke inlet pipe 4.

[0043] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3The abutment rod 52 has a mounting hole 521 extending vertically; the limiting rod 53 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the mounting hole 521. A limiting hole 511 is formed on the lower surface of the mounting plate 51, allowing the mounting hole 521 to align with the limiting hole 511 when the abutment rod 52 abuts against the lower surface of the mounting plate 51. The elastic drive member 54 includes a spring, is sleeved on the limiting rod 53, and is located below the abutment rod 52; one end of the elastic drive member 54 is connected to the abutment rod 52, and the other end is connected to the limiting rod 53. The elastic drive member 54 is in a stretched state to drive the limiting rod 53 upward, allowing the upper end of the limiting rod 53 to insert into the limiting hole 511, thus limiting the rotation of the abutment rod 52 and improving the stability of the smoke inlet pipe 4.

[0044] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 4 The lower surface of the ventilation duct 3 has an upward-facing air inlet 32, which is aligned with the smoke outlet 31. The ventilation duct 3 is equipped with a positive pressure source 33, which includes a blower; the positive pressure source 33 is fixedly installed outdoors. The output end of the positive pressure source 33 is connected to the inner wall of the air inlet 32 ​​via a pipe, and the positive pressure source 33 is connected to a controller via a wire. When the smoke detector does not detect smoke, i.e., no fire has occurred indoors, the controller activates the positive pressure source 33 to supply air into the ventilation duct 3. The air flowing into the ventilation duct 3 can then flow into the smoke inlet duct 4 along the smoke extraction duct 2.

[0045] Reference Figure 2 The smoke extraction duct 2 is equipped with an air filter assembly 6, which is located inside the smoke inlet duct 4 to filter the air flowing towards the air outlet 41, thereby improving the cleanliness of the air flowing into the building interior from the smoke inlet duct 4. In another embodiment, the air filter assembly 6 can also be installed inside the smoke extraction duct 2, as long as it can filter the air flowing into the building interior.

[0046] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 5 The air filtration assembly 6 includes a sliding ring 61 and a filter element 62 (filter holes not shown in the figure). The filter element 62 includes a nylon filter screen. The peripheral wall of the filter element 62 is bonded and fixed to the inner peripheral wall of the sliding ring 61. The sliding ring 61 is located between the smoke inlet 21 and the air outlet 41. The outer peripheral wall of the sliding ring 61 is fitted with the inner peripheral wall of the smoke inlet pipe 4 to allow the sliding ring 61 to slide back and forth between the smoke inlet 21 and the air outlet 41. A limit ring 42 is threadedly connected to the inner peripheral wall of the smoke inlet pipe 4. The limit ring 42 is located at the air outlet 41 to support the sliding ring 61.

[0047] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6The sliding ring 61 is equipped with a one-way control component, which includes a flexible sealing baffle 611 located below the filter element 62. The peripheral wall of the flexible sealing baffle 611 is bonded and fixed to the inner peripheral wall of the sliding ring 61, and the flexible sealing baffle 611 is concave and in a relaxed state so that it can adhere tightly to the filter element 62 under force to seal the filter element 62. The flexible sealing baffle 611 has a clearance hole 6111 extending through its own thickness direction. When the gas in the smoke inlet pipe 4 flows towards the air outlet 41, the gas filtered by the filter element 62 can be blown out through the clearance hole 6111; when the gas in the smoke inlet pipe 4 flows into the smoke extraction pipe 2, the flexible sealing baffle 611 can seal the filter holes of the filter element 62, so that the flexible sealing baffle 611 can drive the sliding ring 61 to move automatically away from the air outlet 41 under the action of air pressure. In this embodiment, the flexible sealing baffle 611 is made of rubber; in another embodiment, the flexible sealing baffle 611 can also be a plastic film.

[0048] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 5 A smoke inlet duct 4 has a smoke exhaust hole 43 extending through its inner wall. A smoke exhaust pipe 431 is welded to the inner wall of the smoke exhaust hole 43. The end of the smoke exhaust pipe 431 furthest from the smoke exhaust hole 43 is inserted through and into the lower surface of the smoke extraction duct 2. The interior of the smoke exhaust pipe 431 communicates with the interior of the smoke extraction duct 2. The smoke exhaust hole 43 is located between the air outlet end 41 and the smoke inlet duct 21. When the sliding ring 61 moves to the position where the smoke exhaust hole 43 is furthest from the air outlet end 41, the interior of the smoke extraction duct 2 communicates with the interior of the smoke inlet duct 4 through the smoke exhaust pipe 431, allowing smoke from inside the building to flow into the smoke extraction duct 2 through the smoke inlet duct 4 and the smoke exhaust pipe 431, thus enabling the smoke to quickly flow to the outside of the building. In another embodiment, the smoke exhaust hole in the smoke inlet duct 4 can be located inside the smoke extraction duct 2, allowing the smoke exhaust hole 43 to directly communicate with the interior of the smoke extraction duct 2.

[0049] Reference Figure 5 The inner wall of the smoke inlet pipe 4 is provided with an elastic reset member 44 and a mounting ring 45. The mounting ring 45 is located on the side of the smoke exhaust hole 43 away from the air outlet 41. The elastic reset member 44 includes a spring and is located between the mounting ring 45 and the sliding ring 61. One end of the elastic reset member 44 abuts against the lower end wall of the mounting ring 45, and the other end abuts against the upper end wall of the sliding ring 61. The elastic reset member 44 is in a compressed state. When the negative pressure source 1 stops operating, the elastic reset member 44 can drive the sliding ring 61 to move towards the limiting ring 42, so that the sliding ring 61 abuts against the limiting ring 42, thereby allowing the filter element 62 to filter the air flowing into the building interior.

[0050] Reference Figure 4A sealing plate 34 is provided on the inner top wall of the ventilation duct 3. Each side of the sealing plate 34 along the width direction of the ventilation duct 3 is in contact with the inner wall of the corresponding side of the ventilation duct 3. The side of the sealing plate 34 away from the smoke extraction duct 2 is rotatably connected to the inner top wall of the ventilation duct 3 via a pin. The axial direction of the corresponding pin is set along the width direction of the ventilation duct 3, so that the sealing plate 34 automatically abuts against the inner bottom wall of the ventilation duct 3 on the side of the air inlet 32 ​​near the smoke extraction duct 2 under its own weight, thereby sealing the air inlet 32. An adsorption element 341 is embedded on the side of the sealing plate 34 away from its own pin. The adsorption element 341 includes an electromagnet. The adsorption element 341 is connected to a controller via a wire, so that the controller can control the adsorption element 341 to be energized or de-energized. When the electromagnet is energized, the electromagnet can be adsorbed and fixed to the inner bottom wall of the ventilation duct 3, thereby improving the stability of the sealing plate 34 in sealing the air inlet 32.

[0051] Reference Figure 4 When the positive pressure source 33 is activated, the adsorption element 341 is de-energized, and the sealing plate 34 is pushed open by the air input from the positive pressure source 33, allowing the sealing plate 34 to rotate upwards. Then, the controller controls the adsorption element 341 to be energized, so that the adsorption element 341 can abut against the inner top wall of the ventilation pipe 3 on the side of the smoke outlet 31 near the smoke extraction duct 2, and the adsorption element 341 adsorbs against the inner top wall of the ventilation pipe 3 to seal the smoke outlet 31. In another embodiment, the adsorption element 341 can also be a negative pressure suction cup, and the solenoid valve connected to the negative pressure suction cup is connected to the controller via a wire.

[0052] The implementation principle of this application embodiment is as follows:

[0053] When a fire occurs inside a high-rise building, after the smoke detector detects the smoke, the controller stops the positive pressure source 33 and starts the negative pressure source 1. This creates a negative pressure in the ventilation duct 3 and the smoke extraction duct 2, allowing the smoke inside the building to be drawn into the smoke extraction duct 2 through the smoke inlet pipe 4. The smoke is then quickly discharged to the outside of the building from the output end of the negative pressure source 1, thereby reducing the possibility of smoke posing a hazard to people inside the building.

[0054] The embodiments described in this specific implementation are preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Identical components are represented by the same reference numerals. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the structure, shape, and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A fire-fighting smoke exhaust system for super high-rise buildings, characterized in that: The system includes a negative pressure source (1), a controller, a smoke extraction duct (2) for installation on the ceiling of the building's interior, and a smoke sensor for sensing smoke. The smoke extraction duct (2) is connected to a ventilation duct (3), the input end of the negative pressure source (1) is connected to the ventilation duct (3), and the output end of the negative pressure source (1) extends to the exterior of the building. The smoke extraction duct (2) is provided with a smoke inlet (21) for allowing smoke generated by a fire to flow into the smoke extraction duct (2). Both the negative pressure source (1) and the smoke sensor are electrically connected to the controller. The ventilation duct (3) is provided with a smoke outlet (31) and an air inlet (32) through it. The input end of the negative pressure source (1) is connected to the interior of the smoke outlet (31). The ventilation duct (3) is provided with a positive pressure source (33). The output end of the positive pressure source (33) is connected to the air inlet (32). The input end of the positive pressure source (33) extends to the outside of the building. The positive pressure source (33) is electrically connected to the controller. The smoke duct (2) is equipped with a filter assembly (6) for filtering the gas entering the building interior. A smoke inlet pipe (4) is inserted into the smoke inlet hole (21), and a connecting component (5) for fixing the smoke inlet pipe (4) is provided in the smoke duct (2); the end of the smoke inlet pipe (4) away from the smoke inlet hole (21) is the air outlet (41); the air filter assembly (6) is located inside the smoke inlet pipe (4); the air filter assembly (6) is slidably connected to the smoke inlet pipe (4) along the length direction of the smoke inlet pipe (4); a smoke exhaust hole (43) is provided through the inner side wall of the smoke inlet pipe (4), and the interior of the smoke exhaust hole (43) is connected to the interior of the smoke duct (2); the smoke exhaust hole (43) is located on the sliding path of the air filter assembly (6); The connecting assembly (5) includes a mounting plate (51) for abutting against the outer wall of the smoke duct (2), an abutting rod (52) for abutting against the side wall of the mounting plate (51) away from the smoke duct (2), a limiting rod (53) slidably connected to the abutting rod (52) along the axial direction of the smoke inlet pipe (4), and an elastic driving member (54) for driving the limiting rod (53) to slide towards the mounting plate (51); the mounting plate (51) is provided with a limiting hole (511) for inserting one end of the limiting rod (53); the mounting plate (51) is connected to the smoke inlet pipe (4), and the abutting rod (52) is rotatably connected to the smoke duct (2).

2. The fire-fighting smoke exhaust system for super high-rise buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inlet pipe (4) is provided with an elastic reset member (44) for driving the air filter assembly (6) to move toward the air outlet (41).

3. The fire-fighting smoke exhaust system for super high-rise buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the inlet pipe (4) is threaded with a limiting ring (42) for abutting against the side wall of the filter assembly (6) opposite to the exhaust hole (43).

4. The fire-fighting smoke exhaust system for super high-rise buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air filtration assembly (6) includes a sliding ring (61) that is slidably connected to the inner wall of the smoke inlet pipe (4) and a filter element (62) connected to the inner wall of the sliding ring (61); the sliding ring (61) is provided with a one-way control element for the gas to flow towards the air outlet (41).

5. The fire-fighting smoke exhaust system for super high-rise buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The smoke outlet (31) and the air inlet (32) are arranged opposite to each other. The smoke outlet (31) is located on the inner top wall of the ventilation pipe (3), and the air inlet (32) is located on the inner bottom wall of the ventilation pipe (3). The inner top wall of the ventilation pipe (3) is provided with a sealing plate (34) for sealing the smoke outlet (31). The sealing plate (34) is rotatably connected to the ventilation pipe (3) on the side of the smoke outlet (31) away from the smoke duct (2). The side of the sealing plate (34) near the smoke duct (2) can abut against the inner bottom wall of the ventilation pipe (3) on the side of the air inlet (32) near the smoke duct (2) to seal the air inlet (32).

6. The fire-fighting smoke exhaust system for super high-rise buildings according to claim 5, characterized in that: The sealing plate (34) is provided with an adsorption element (341), which can be adsorbed and fixed to the inner top wall of the ventilation pipe (3) or to the inner bottom wall of the ventilation pipe (3); the adsorption element (341) is electrically connected to the controller.

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