Panoramic observation system and working method of surrounding rock fracture in tunnel model test

Abstract

The present invention discloses a panoramic observation system for surrounding rock fractures in a tunnel model test and a working method thereof, comprising: a shooting unit, the shooting unit comprising a camera and a rotating platform, the camera being fixed on the rotating platform and being arranged at the center of the tunnel model; a supporting unit, the supporting unit being mounted on the rotating platform and being used to support and adjust the relative position of the rotating platform and the tunnel model; a fixing unit, the fixing unit being mounted on the tunnel model and being detachably connected to the fixing unit via an adjusting assembly, the fixing unit being used to install the supporting unit and the shooting unit; an image processing unit, the image processing unit being connected to the camera signal; wherein a wide-angle lens is mounted on the camera. Compared with current surrounding rock observation technology, the present invention has a wider observation range and can form a panoramic image of the tunnel without image distortion. The panoramic image is not shot at once but is synthesized from multiple images, and has better clarity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of development and measurement technology of cracks in tunnel model test walls, and in particular to a panoramic observation system for surrounding rock fractures in tunnel model test and a working method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Tunnel construction and operation encounter numerous complex challenges, influenced by factors such as geology, climate, and construction techniques. Relying on actual tunnel conditions for research is both time-consuming and costly. Therefore, tunnel model testing using similarity criteria is a current research method that can better replicate actual conditions. Previous model testing has primarily employed the following methods for monitoring tunnel cracks: One approach involves human observation and real-time recording, which is cumbersome and prone to large errors. Another approach involves observation using electronic devices, such as endoscopes. However, these methods offer limited observation ranges, relatively low imaging accuracy, poor clarity, and the inability to fully image the tunnel interior. Furthermore, direct panoramic imaging using panoramic cameras can produce distortion in the images, hindering the observation and measurement of surrounding rock cracks. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tunnel model test surrounding rock fracture panoramic observation system and a working method thereof, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a panoramic observation system for surrounding rock fracture in a tunnel model test, comprising:

[0005] A shooting unit, comprising a camera and a rotating platform, wherein the camera is fixed on the rotating platform and is arranged at the center of the tunnel model;

[0006] a support unit, the support unit being mounted on the rotating platform and being used to support and adjust the relative position of the rotating platform and the tunnel model;

[0007] a fixing unit, the fixing unit being mounted on the tunnel model, the supporting unit and the fixing unit being detachably connected via an adjusting assembly, the fixing unit being used to mount the supporting unit and the shooting unit;

[0008] an image processing unit, the image processing unit being connected to the camera signal;

[0009] Wherein, the camera is equipped with a wide-angle lens.

[0010] According to the panoramic observation system for surrounding rock fracture in a tunnel model test provided by the present invention, the fixing unit includes a plurality of first fixing rods, which are arranged in a polygonal structure, and adjacent first fixing rods are detachably connected by a fixing assembly, and the supporting unit and the first fixing rods are detachably connected by an adjustment assembly.

[0011] According to the tunnel model test surrounding rock fracture panoramic observation system provided by the present invention, the fixing assembly includes a double-headed fastener, and adjacent first fixing rods are fixedly connected by the double-headed fastener.

[0012] According to the panoramic observation system for surrounding rock fracture in a tunnel model test provided by the present invention, the support unit includes a plurality of second fixed rods, one end of each of the second fixed rods is hinged to the rotating platform, and the other end of the second fixed rod is detachably connected to the middle part of the first fixed rod through the adjustment assembly.

[0013] According to the panoramic observation system for surrounding rock fracture in a tunnel model test provided by the present invention, the adjustment component includes a two-section magic arm, one end of the two-section magic arm is fixedly connected to the first fixing rod through a U-shaped buckle, and the other end of the two-section magic arm is detachably connected to the second fixing rod through a crab claw clamp.

[0014] According to the tunnel model test surrounding rock fracture panoramic observation system provided by the present invention, the focal length of the camera is 10mm-18mm.

[0015] According to the tunnel model test surrounding rock fracture panoramic observation system provided by the present invention, the camera and the rotating platform are fixedly connected by bolts.

[0016] The working method of the tunnel model test surrounding rock fracture panoramic observation system includes the following steps:

[0017] Step 1: Debug the camera and the rotating platform, and fix the camera and the rotating platform through the support unit and the fixing unit;

[0018] Step 2: Determine the camera position and place it at the midpoint of the tunnel's axial length to ensure that the camera can capture the entire tunnel. Then determine the camera's initial rotation position and finally extend the camera into the tunnel.

[0019] Step 3: Take two photos with the camera, with a predetermined time interval between the two photos, and upload the results of the two photos to the image processing unit;

[0020] Step 4: the image processing unit processes and processes the two captured images;

[0021] Step 5: Calculate the pixel length based on the pixel coordinates, compare the known actual length with the pixel length to get the actual length of each pixel, find a crack in the processed image, get its starting pixel coordinates and end pixel coordinates, calculate the pixel length of the crack, and then multiply the pixel length of the crack by the actual length of each pixel to get the actual length of the crack. The width of the crack is also calculated using the above method.

[0022] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0023] When the present invention is used, the camera and the rotating platform are first debugged, and the camera and the rotating platform are fixed by the supporting unit and the fixing unit; the camera position is determined, and the camera is placed at the midpoint of the axial length of the tunnel to ensure that the camera can capture the entire tunnel, and then the initial rotation position of the camera is determined, and finally the camera is extended into the tunnel; the camera is used to take two photos, with a predetermined time interval between the two photos, and all the results of the two photos are uploaded to the image processing unit; the image processing unit processes and processes the twice-photographed images; the pixel length is calculated according to the pixel coordinates, and the known actual length is compared with the pixel length to obtain the actual length of each pixel, and a crack in the processed image is found, and its starting pixel coordinates and end pixel coordinates are obtained, and the pixel length of the crack is calculated, and then the pixel length of the crack is multiplied by the actual length of each pixel to obtain the actual length of the crack. The width of the crack is also calculated in the above manner.

[0024] Compared with the current surrounding rock observation technology, the present invention has a wider observation range and can form a panoramic image of the tunnel without image distortion. The panoramic image is not taken at one time, but is synthesized from multiple images, so the clarity is better. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the panoramic observation system for surrounding rock fracture in the tunnel model test of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a workflow diagram of the panoramic observation system for surrounding rock fracture in tunnel model tests according to the present invention.

[0028] Among them, 1. First fixing rod; 2. Second section magic arm; 3. Camera; 4. Double-head fastener; 5. Second fixing rod; 6. Crab claw clamp. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] Reference Figure 1-2 The present invention provides a panoramic observation system for surrounding rock fracture in tunnel model tests, comprising:

[0032] A shooting unit, comprising a camera 3 and a rotating platform, wherein the camera 3 is fixed on the rotating platform and is arranged at the center of the tunnel model;

[0033] a support unit, the support unit being mounted on the rotating platform and being used to support and adjust the relative position of the rotating platform and the tunnel model;

[0034] a fixing unit, the fixing unit being mounted on the tunnel model, the supporting unit and the fixing unit being detachably connected via an adjusting assembly, the fixing unit being used to mount the supporting unit and the shooting unit;

[0035] An image processing unit, the image processing unit being signal-connected to the camera 3;

[0036] Wherein, the camera 3 is equipped with a wide-angle lens.

[0037] When the present invention is used, the camera 3 and the rotating platform are first debugged, and the camera 3 and the rotating platform are fixed by the supporting unit and the fixing unit; the position of the camera 3 is determined, and the camera 3 is placed at the midpoint of the axial length of the tunnel to ensure that the camera 3 can capture the entire tunnel, and then the initial rotation position of the camera 3 is determined, and finally the camera 3 is extended into the tunnel; the camera 3 is used to take two pictures, with a predetermined time interval between the two pictures, and all the results of the two pictures are uploaded to the image processing unit; the image processing unit processes and processes the twice-shot images; the pixel length is calculated according to the pixel coordinates, and the known actual length is compared with the pixel length to obtain the actual length of each pixel, and a crack in the processed image is found, and its starting pixel coordinates and end pixel coordinates are obtained, and the pixel length of the crack is calculated, and then the pixel length of the crack is multiplied by the actual length of each pixel to obtain the actual length of the crack. The width of the crack is also calculated in the above manner.

[0038] According to a further optimized solution, the fixing unit includes a plurality of first fixing rods 1, which are arranged in a polygonal structure. Adjacent first fixing rods 1 are detachably connected via a fixing assembly, and the supporting unit and the first fixing rods 1 are detachably connected via an adjusting assembly.

[0039] In a further optimized solution, the fixing assembly includes a double-ended fastener 4, and adjacent first fixing rods 1 are fixedly connected by the double-ended fastener 4. The double-ended fastener 4 is used to fix two adjacent first fixing rods 1. The length of the first fixing rods 1 is selected according to actual needs, and a certain length needs to be reserved for adjustment each time.

[0040] According to a further optimized solution, the support unit includes a plurality of second fixing rods 5, one end of each of the second fixing rods 5 is hinged to the rotating platform, and the other end of the second fixing rod 5 is detachably connected to the middle of the first fixing rod 1 through the adjustment assembly.

[0041] A further optimized solution is that the adjustment component includes a two-section magic arm 2, one end of the two-section magic arm 2 is fixedly connected to the first fixing rod 1 through a U-shaped buckle, and the other end of the two-section magic arm 2 is detachably connected to the second fixing rod 5 through a crab claw clamp 6.

[0042] According to a further optimization solution, the focal length of the camera 3 is 10 mm to 18 mm.

[0043] According to a further optimized solution, the camera 3 is fixedly connected to the rotating platform via bolts.

[0044] The panoramic observation method of surrounding rock fracture in tunnel model test includes the following steps:

[0045] Step one, debug camera 3 and rotating platform, fix camera 3 and rotating platform by supporting unit and fixing unit; camera 3 adopts Canon EOS70d, with body width of about 139.0 mm, height of about 104.3 mm and thickness of about 78.5 mm; wide-angle lens is mainly used to prevent the axial length of tunnel from being too large, which makes it impossible for general lens to fully capture the whole tunnel situation and perform imaging. It can be selected according to actual tunnel working conditions. The present invention adopts 10-18mm focal length, which can be suitable for general tunnel model test; the rotating platform selects Jebao platform AD-10 electric cloud view platform, equipped with remote control, with effective remote control distance of 100m, the platform can rotate forward and reverse, and can take 360° timed shots. The cloud view platform is connected to camera 3 by screws and is associated with camera 3 by connecting lines, so that camera 3 can rotate with the cloud view platform and take real-time shots according to the angle set by the cloud view platform, thereby taking photos of various angles and directions in the tunnel, and finally forming a panoramic photo;

[0046] Step 2: Determine the position of camera 3 and place it at the midpoint of the tunnel's axial length to ensure that camera 3 can capture the entire tunnel. Then determine the initial rotation position of camera 3 and finally extend camera 3 into the tunnel.

[0047] Step 3: Take two photos with the camera 3, with a predetermined time interval between the two photos, and upload the results of the two photos to the image processing unit; and use Photoshop software to synthesize the photos;

[0048] Step 4: The image processing unit processes the two captured images, selects specific points of the two captured images for overlap comparison, and crops them to obtain two photos of the same proportion;

[0049] Step 5: Calculate the pixel length based on the pixel coordinates, compare the known actual length with the pixel length to get the actual length of each pixel, find a crack in the processed image, get its starting pixel coordinates and end pixel coordinates, calculate the pixel length of the crack, and then multiply the pixel length of the crack by the actual length of each pixel to get the actual length of the crack. The width of the crack is also calculated using the above method.

[0050] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0051] The embodiments described above are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by persons skilled in the art should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. Panoramic observation system of surrounding rock fracture in tunnel model test, characterized by: include: A shooting unit, the shooting unit comprising a camera (3) and a rotating platform, the camera (3) being fixed on the rotating platform, and the camera (3) being arranged at the center of the tunnel model; a support unit, the support unit being mounted on the rotating platform and being used to support and adjust the relative position of the rotating platform and the tunnel model; A fixing unit, wherein the fixing unit is mounted on the tunnel model, and the supporting unit is detachably connected to the fixing unit via an adjusting assembly; An image processing unit, the image processing unit being connected to the camera (3) by signal; Wherein, the camera (3) is equipped with a wide-angle lens; The fixing unit comprises a plurality of first fixing rods (1), the plurality of first fixing rods (1) being arranged in a polygonal structure, adjacent first fixing rods (1) being detachably connected via a fixing assembly, and the support unit and the first fixing rods (1) being detachably connected via an adjusting assembly; The fixing assembly comprises a double-ended fastener (4), and adjacent first fixing rods (1) are detachably connected via the double-ended fastener (4); The support unit comprises a plurality of second fixing rods (5), one end of each of the second fixing rods (5) is hinged to the rotating platform, and the other end of the second fixing rod (5) is detachably connected to the middle of the first fixing rod (1) via the adjustment assembly; The adjustment assembly comprises a two-section magic arm (2), one end of the two-section magic arm (2) is fixedly connected to the first fixing rod (1) via a U-shaped buckle, and the other end of the two-section magic arm (2) is detachably connected to the second fixing rod (5) via a crab clamp (6); The focal length of the camera (3) is 10 mm to 18 mm.

2. The tunnel model test surrounding rock fracture panoramic observation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The camera (3) is fixedly connected to the rotating platform via bolts.

3. A method for operating a panoramic observation system for surrounding rock fracture in a tunnel model test, based on the panoramic observation system for surrounding rock fracture in a tunnel model test according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: Step 1: Debug the camera (3) and the rotating platform, and fix the camera (3) and the rotating platform through the supporting unit and the fixing unit; Step 2: Determine the position of the camera (3), place the camera (3) at the midpoint of the axial length of the tunnel, ensure that the camera (3) can capture the entire tunnel, then determine the initial rotation position of the camera (3), and finally extend the camera (3) into the tunnel; Step 3: Use the camera (3) to take two photos, with a predetermined time interval between the two photos, and upload the results of the two photos to the image processing unit; Step 4: The image processing unit processes the two captured images; Step 5: Calculate the pixel length based on the pixel coordinates, compare the known actual length with the pixel length to get the actual length of each pixel, find a crack in the processed image, get its starting pixel coordinates and end pixel coordinates, calculate the pixel length of the crack, and then multiply the pixel length of the crack by the actual length of each pixel to get the actual length of the crack. The width of the crack is also calculated using the above method.

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