An adaptive real-time flight data acquisition system and control method

Abstract

The disclosure provides an adaptive real-time flight data acquisition system and control method, and relates to the technical field of aviation aircrafts, and comprises an SD card, the SD card comprises an adaptive FPGA module, a TF card module, an MCU WiFi control module and a built-in antenna; the adaptive FPGA module comprises two working modes of SDIO and SPI, is used for monitoring data and clock frequency transmitted on an SD card data bus, realizes adaptive identification of the two modes of SPI and SDIO according to the difference of the clock frequency, acquires a real-time data stream, identifies valid data, and sends the valid data to the MCU WiFi control module in real time through a parallel data port, and finally sends the data to an external monitoring end in real time through the built-in antenna. The disclosure can acquire flight data in real time dynamically without changing the existing flight equipment installation working conditions.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of aviation aircraft technology, in particular to an adaptive real-time flight data acquisition system and control method. BACKGROUND

[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and do not necessarily constitute the prior art.

[0003] Garmin G1000 devices are widely installed in various types of civil aviation aircraft, and have system functions such as flight information integrated display, flight navigation, and automatic flight control. The device also has a data card storage function, which can record flight data in an SD data card, facilitating manual and computer combined data analysis and interpretation after the aircraft lands.

[0004] Aviation safety has always been a concern for everyone, and with the development of the aviation industry, the demand for real-time dynamic acquisition of flight process data is becoming more and more urgent. The data recorded in the SD card of the G1000 device needs to be analyzed after the aircraft lands.

[0005] Especially after a maritime aviation accident, the emergency positioning function is missing, the salvage technology is insufficient, and the salvage process consumes a lot of time, manpower, material resources, and financial resources. After the accident, flight process data cannot be obtained at the first time, which is extremely disadvantageous for the timely restoration of the air crash story and the subsequent search and rescue work.

[0006] There are many ways to acquire real-time flight process data, but most of them change the installation conditions of the flight equipment, making it very complex when facing different aircraft models and acquiring different flight data. SUMMARY

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, the present disclosure proposes an adaptive real-time flight data acquisition system and control method, provides an airborne data recording system, and designs a functional expansion of the traditional SD card. The system is compatible with the data recording function of the original SD data card, and uses FPGA to adaptively read data for different data transmission modes. While recording data, the system can also send data through a WiFi link. Without changing the existing installation conditions of the flight equipment, the system provides technical support for dynamically acquiring flight data.

[0008] According to some embodiments, the present disclosure adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] An adaptive real-time flight data acquisition system includes an SD card, the SD card includes an adaptive FPGA module, a TF card module, an MCU WiFi control module, and a board antenna;

[0010] The adaptive FPGA module includes two working modes of SDIO and SPI, is used for monitoring data transmitted on a data bus of an SD card and a clock frequency, realizes adaptive identification of the two modes of SPI and SDIO according to the different clock frequencies, obtains real-time data flow, identifies valid data, and sends the valid data to an MCU WiFi control module in real time through a parallel data port, and finally sends the data to an external monitoring end in real time through a built-in antenna.

[0011] Further, when the SD card works in the SPI mode, a command bus CMD and a data bus DAT0 are used for data transmission.

[0012] Further, when the SD card works in the SDIO mode, four data buses DTA0-DAT3 are used for data transmission.

[0013] Further, in the SDIO mode, data is transmitted in parallel, the SD card includes two grounding interfaces, one power supply interface, one clock interface, one command interface and four data bit interfaces, and the command in the SDIO mode is transmitted through a command line.

[0014] Further, in the SPI mode, data is transmitted in series, the SD card includes two grounding interfaces, one power supply interface, one clock interface, one chip selection interface and two serial data bit interfaces, and the command in the SPI mode is transmitted through a serial data line.

[0015] Further, when data is transmitted in the SPI mode, reading and writing are performed through an SPI serial peripheral interface, the SPI serial peripheral interface is a serial synchronous communication protocol, is composed of four signals of SDI, SDO, SCK and CS, and the SPI bus is a four-wire serial interface bus of SDI, SDO, SCK and CS in a synchronous and full-duplex bidirectional mode.

[0016] Further, four IO interfaces are needed in the SPI mode of the bus data, seven IO interfaces are needed in the SDIO mode, and the data transmission rate in the SDIO mode is higher than that in the SPI mode.

[0017] According to some embodiments, the present disclosure adopts the technical scheme as follows:

[0018] A control method of an adaptive real-time flight data acquisition system, comprising:

[0019] The SD card and the flight equipment recorder perform read-write transmission of data, acquire data transmitted on a bus, monitor a frequency on a clock control line, realize switching of the two modes of SPI and SDIO according to the different clock frequencies, set a threshold value of data transmission, and realize adaptive switching of the two modes of SPI and SDIO.

[0020] When working in SPI mode, data transmission is carried out by using a command bus CMD and a data bus DAT0, and a working mode with low data transmission rate is adapted.

[0021] When working in SDIO mode, data transmission is carried out by using four data buses DTA0-DAT3, and a working mode with high data transmission rate is adapted.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present disclosure has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] The present disclosure provides a self-adaptive real-time flight data acquisition system and a control method, uses an SD card as an airborne data recording device, extends the function of a traditional SD card, is compatible with the data recording function of the original SD data card, uses an FPGA to adaptively read data for different data transmission modes, can send data out through a WiFi link while recording data, and provides technical support for dynamically acquiring flight data without changing the existing flight device installation working conditions.

[0024] The SD card of the present disclosure works in SPI or SDIO mode. When working in SPI mode, data transmission is carried out by using a command bus CMD and a data bus DAT0; in this working mode, the data transmission speed is relatively low, generally lower than 400 Kbps, and can be applied in occasions that do not require high-speed transmission. When working in SDIO four-wire mode, data transmission is carried out by using four data buses DTA0-DAT3, and the transmission speed is very high, which can be applied in occasions that require high transmission speed. Without changing the existing flight device installation working conditions, the SD card of the G1000 avionics system is automatically identified, an Internet of Things chip is added, real-time dynamic flight data can be acquired, and technical support means are provided for remote monitoring of flight states and other applications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] The accompanying drawings, which form a part of the present disclosure, are used to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure, and the schematic embodiments of the present disclosure and the description thereof are used to explain the present disclosure, and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 1 A block diagram of the SD card system of the embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0027] Figure 2 An interface in two working modes of the SD card of the embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0028] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of SPI serial peripheral interface data transmission of the embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0029] Figure 4 A bus topology structure of the SD system of the embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0030] Figure 5 SD card data transmission mode read-write control flowchart for embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0031] Figure 6 SD data write multiple data block operation flowchart for embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0032] Figure 7 Principle block diagram of the SD card module for embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0033] Figure 8 MCU WiFi control module (WiFi MCU - ESP32) function block diagram for embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0034] Figure 9 WIFI start connection flowchart for embodiments of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present disclosure will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0036] It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the present disclosure. Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure belongs.

[0037] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit exemplary embodiments according to the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and it should be further understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in the specification, there is a presence of a feature, step, operation, device, component, and / or combinations thereof.

[0038] Embodiment 1

[0039] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, an adaptive real-time flight data acquisition system is provided, including an SD card, as shown in Figure 1 The SD card includes an adaptive FPGA module, a TF card module, an MCU WiFi control module, and a board antenna.

[0040] The adaptive FPGA module includes two working modes of SDIO and SPI, which is used to monitor the data and clock frequency transmitted on the SD card data bus, to realize adaptive identification of SPI and SDIO modes according to the different clock frequencies, to acquire real-time data stream, to identify valid data, and to send the valid data in real time to the MCU WiFi control module through a parallel data port, and finally to send the data in real time to the external monitoring end through the board antenna.

[0041] The system is composed of four modules, including a TF card module, an adaptive FPGA module, an MCU WiFi control module and a built-in antenna. The TF card module is a storage recording module, which completes the basic recording function of the SD card. The adaptive FPGA module is composed of a parallel bus and an FPGA. The FPGA monitors the data on the SD card data bus, and adaptively obtains the data stream in real time for different transmission rates. The valid data is identified by using an instruction word, and the data is transmitted in real time through the WiFi link.

[0042] The system adopts an SD card compatible design, and can be conveniently installed in the card slot of the G1000 device to acquire and transmit data.

[0043] Further, the SD card data access mode has two modes of SPI and SDIO. Different types of aircraft have different G1000 host software versions, and the SD card works in SPI or SDIO mode. When working in the SPI mode, the command bus CMD and the data bus DAT0 are used for data transmission. In this working mode, the data transmission speed is low, generally lower than 400 Kbps, and can be applied to occasions that do not require high-speed transmission. When working in the SDIO four-wire mode, four data buses DTA0-DAT3 are used for data transmission, and the transmission speed is very high, which can be applied to occasions that require high transmission speed. The interface structure of the SD card is shown in Figure 2 and specifically includes:

[0044] In the SDIO mode, the SDIO is also called the SD mode. The interface structure of the SD card includes CD / DAT3, CMD, VSS, VCC, CLK, VSS2, DAT0, DAT1 and DAT2. In the SPI mode, the interface structure of the SD card includes CS, MOSI, VSS, VCC, CLK, VSS2, MISO, NC and NC. The functions of the different interfaces in the above working modes are shown in Table 1.

[0045] Table 1 Functions of SD card interfaces

[0046]

[0047]

[0048] Further, in the SDIO mode, data is transmitted in parallel. The SD card includes two grounding interfaces, one power supply interface, one clock interface, one command interface and four data bit interfaces. The command in the SDIO mode is transmitted through the command line.

[0049] In the SPI mode, data is transmitted in series, the SD card includes two ground interfaces, a power interface, a clock interface, a chip selection interface, and two serial data bit interfaces, and the command in the SPI mode is transmitted through the serial data line.

[0050] SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) is a kind of serial synchronous communication protocol (simultaneous reading and writing), which is composed of four signals of SDI (Serial Data Input, MISO), SDO (Serial Data Output, MOSI), SCK (Serial Shift Clock), and CS (Slave Enable Signal), and the SPI bus is a synchronous, full-duplex bidirectional 4-wire serial interface bus. It is a system composed of "a single master + multiple slaves", as shown in Figure 3 .

[0051] The SDIO protocol can support the operation modes of SPI and SDIO four-wire (the interface is configured through a register). When working in the SPI mode, the command bus CMD and the data bus DAT0 are used for data transmission; in this working mode, the data transmission speed is low, and it can be applied in occasions that do not require high-speed transmission. When working in the SDIO four-wire mode, four data buses DTA0-DAT3 are used for data transmission, and the transmission speed is very high, which can be applied in occasions that require high transmission speed. The bus topology structure of a SD card storage is shown in Figure 4 .

[0052] Further, the SD card can realize SPI / SDIO two-mode adaptive identification according to the different clock frequencies. The bus data SPI mode only needs 4 IO interfaces, but the transmission rate is low, which is suitable for occasions that do not require high data transmission rate. For the four-wire SDIO mode, 7 IO interfaces are needed. According to the protocol specification, the theoretical maximum average write rate can reach 25 Mbyte / s.

[0053] The read-write control flow of the SD card data transmission mode is shown in Figure 5 . First, the SD card needs to complete initialization, and then the internal working state of the SD card can be switched to a transmission waiting state by sending a CMD7 instruction. In the transmission waiting state, the SD card data storage can be realized by sending CMD17 / CMD18 instructions, and the readout of the internal storage data of the SD card can be realized by sending CMD24 / CMD25 instructions.

[0054] Further, the operation of writing multiple data blocks of an SD data is shown in Figure 6 , including the multiple data block write flow with busy judgment:

[0055] (1) Send CMD25 to start writing a data block,

[0056] (2) Receive the response of the SD card,

[0057] The host device waits to receive the SD card response to the CMD command.

[0058] (3) Busy judgment,

[0059] By reading the level state of the DATA0 line, the bus busy state is determined. After receiving the data synchronization level signal, the synchronization record is started.

[0060] (4) Send the first data block,

[0061] (5) Busy judgment,

[0062] (6) Send the second data block, (7)...

[0064] (8) Send the Nth data block,

[0065] (9) Send the CMD12 instruction, end the data block write.

[0066] (10) Receive the SD card response:

[0067] The host device waits to receive the SD card response to the CMD12 command, confirming that the stop transmission is successful.

[0068] The write operation process is similar to the read operation, the only difference is that when writing the data block, a busy judgment is added, given by the Device, indicating whether the data block can be received, generally indicated by DATA0, pulled low indicating busy, otherwise indicating that it can be received.

[0069] Further, the principle of the system module of the SD card is as shown in Figure 7 The TF card module completes the basic recording function of the SD card, the adaptive FPGA module is composed of a parallel bus and an FPGA, the FPGA monitors the data on the SD card data bus, adapts to different transmission rates, real-time data flow, and uses instruction words to identify valid data; the MCU WiFi control module and the on-board antenna transmit data in real time through the WiFi link.

[0070] In the SPI mode, the SPI data receiving module, the command monitoring module and the data extraction module are used for working, and in the SDIO mode, the SDIO data receiving module, the command monitoring module and the data extraction module are used for working. According to the signal of the clock SCK, the bus adaptive module switches the working mode according to the clock frequency. When working in the SPI mode, the command bus CMD and the data bus DAT0 (D0) are used for data transmission. In this working mode, the data transmission speed is low, generally lower than 400 Kbps, and can be applied to occasions which do not require high-speed transmission. When working in the SDIO four-wire mode, the four data buses DTA0-DAT3 (D0-D3) are used for data transmission, and the transmission speed is very high, which can be applied to occasions which require high-speed transmission.

[0071] G1000 and the SD card read and write data, FPGA monitoring the bus transmission of data, monitoring the frequency of clock control line SCK, frequency less than 400 kHz switch to SPI mode, frequency greater than 400 kHz to identify SDIO mode, so as to realize adaptive data access. This patent only extracts the write operation data of the TF card, the SPI and SDIO host sends the CMD17 / CMD18 command mentioned above, and after the command recognition module recognizes, the write data sent by the Garmin host is extracted, and the data is sent to the multiplexing module, then transmitted to the MCU WiFi control module through the parallel data port, and finally transmitted in real time through the on-board antenna.

[0072] The MCU WiFi control module uses a WiFi MCU-ESP32 with rich functions, which is suitable for various Internet of Things applications. ESP32 is a series of low-cost, low-power single-chip microcontrollers, which integrates WiFi.

[0073] The functional block diagram (part) of the ESP32 is shown in Figure 8 The ESP32 has up to 18 12-bit analog-to-digital converters, two 8-bit digital-to-analog converters, 10 capacitive touch switch sensors, four SPI channels, two I2C interfaces, two I2S interfaces (for digital audio), three UARTs for communication, WiFi function provided through the SDIO interface, and CAN bus communication based on the TWAI controller.

[0074] The ESP32 has up to 8 channels of IR remote control, up to 16 channels of LED PWM (pulse width modulation), integrated Hall effect sensor, ultra-low power analog preamplifier, and one internal low voltage regulator.

[0075] ESP32 is a very low power SoC with RISC-V32 bit single core processor, and the communication interface between FPGA uses FSMC parallel data storage interface.

[0076] FPGA uses Spartan-II series Xc2s100, which has rich flip-flops and LUT (Look-Up-Table), and is very suitable for the design of complex timing logic. TF card uses SanDisk's 128G TF card, with a maximum read / write speed of 40MB / s and a maximum continuous speed of 60MB / s, and a speed level of Class 10.

[0077] Developed using ESP-IDF, ESP-IDF is a set of IoT development kits for ESP32 series SoC provided by Espressif, which provides a complete solution from engineering creation, compilation, burning, debugging, and mass production. ESP32 software development environment setup (Windows) can be built by manually installing toolchains, using Eclipse plugins, and using VScode plugins. Using ESP-IDF to start WIFI needs to go through several stages: WIFI / LwIP initialization stage, WIFI configuration stage, WIFI start stage, WIFI connection stage (STA).

[0078] Example 2

[0079] An adaptive real-time flight data acquisition system control method is provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, comprising:

[0080] The SD card and the flight equipment recorder perform read / write transmission of data, acquire data transmitted on the bus, monitor the frequency on the clock control line, switch between SPI and SDIO modes according to the different clock frequencies, set a threshold for data transmission, and realize adaptive switching between SPI and SDIO modes.

[0081] When working in SPI mode, data transmission is performed using the command bus CMD and the data bus DAT0, which adapts to the working mode with low data transmission rate.

[0082] When working in SDIO mode, data transmission is performed using the four data buses DTA0-DAT3, which adapts to the working mode with high data transmission rate.

[0083] The computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart Figure 1 one or more functions specified in the flowchart or multiple flows and / or blocks. Figure 1 one or more functions specified in the flowchart or multiple flows and / or blocks.

[0084] These computer program instructions can also be loaded into a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart Figure 1 one or more functions specified in the flowchart or multiple flows and / or blocks. Figure 1 Figure 1 one or more functions specified in the flowchart or multiple flows and / or blocks.

[0085] The above description is only a specific implementation of the present disclosure, and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present disclosure. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications or changes can be made to the technical solutions of the present disclosure without the need for creative labor, and still fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. An adaptive real-time flight data acquisition system, characterized by, The SD card includes an adaptive FPGA module, a TF card module, an MCU WiFi control module, and a built-in antenna. The adaptive FPGA module includes two working modes of SDIO and SPI, is used for monitoring data and clock frequency transmitted on a data bus of the SD card, realizes adaptive identification of the two modes of SPI and SDIO according to different clock frequencies, obtains real-time data flow, identifies valid data, and sends the valid data to the MCU WiFi control module in real time through a parallel data port, and finally sends the data to an external monitoring end in real time through the built-in antenna. When the SD card works in the SPI mode, a command bus CMD and a data bus DAT0 are used for data transmission, and data is transmitted in series in the SPI mode. When the SD card works in the SDIO mode, four data buses DTA0-DAT3 are used for data transmission, and data is transmitted in parallel in the SDIO mode. Four IO interfaces are needed in the bus data SPI mode, and seven IO interfaces are needed in the SDIO mode, and the data transmission rate in the SDIO mode is higher than that in the SPI mode.

2. The adaptive real-time flight data acquisition system according to claim 1, wherein the SD card includes two grounding interfaces, a power supply interface, a clock interface, a command interface, and four data bit interfaces, and the command in the SDIO mode is transmitted through a command line.

3. The adaptive real-time flight data acquisition system according to claim 1, wherein the SD card includes two grounding interfaces, a power supply interface, a clock interface, a chip selection interface, and two serial data bit interfaces, and the command in the SPI mode is transmitted through a serial data line.

4. The adaptive real-time flight data acquisition system according to claim 3, wherein when data is transmitted in the SPI mode, reading and writing are performed through an SPI serial peripheral interface, the SPI serial peripheral interface is a serial synchronous communication protocol, and is composed of four signals of SDI, SDO, SCK, and CS, and the SPI bus is a four-wire serial interface bus of SDI, SDO, SCK, and CS, which is synchronous and full-duplex bidirectional. The SD card and the flight equipment recorder are used for reading and writing transmission of data, acquiring data transmitted on a bus, monitoring a frequency on a clock control line, realizing switching of the two modes of SPI and SDIO according to different clock frequencies, setting a threshold value of data transmission, and realizing adaptive switching of the two modes of SPI and SDIO. When working in the SPI mode, a command bus CMD and a data bus DAT0 are used for data transmission, and a working mode with low data transmission rate is adapted. When working in the SDIO mode, four data buses DTA0-DAT3 are used for data transmission, and a working mode with high data transmission rate is adapted.

5. A control method for an adaptive real-time flight data acquisition system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, ​ ​ 6. The control method of an adaptive real-time flight data acquisition system according to claim 5, wherein, ​ 7. The control method of an adaptive real-time flight data acquisition system according to claim 6, wherein, ​

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