Construction method of tunnel kiln masonry in severe cold areas

Abstract

The present invention discloses a tunnel kiln masonry construction method for severely cold regions, and relates to the field of kiln masonry. The construction method comprises the following steps: pre-construction preparation; installing kiln car tracks; setting sand sealing grooves inside the tunnel kiln and on both sides of the steel skeleton, installing calcium silicate board walls, and simultaneously building exhaust ducts; laying fiber blankets on the outside of the calcium silicate board walls; using GIS to comprehensively control the tunnel kiln construction process, using optimization algorithms to customize the block arrangement plan, and using BIM technology to perform the centerline line laying operation; carrying out furnace wall masonry; placing steel pipes on the steel skeleton at the top of the tunnel kiln, hanging steel hooks on the steel pipes, and hanging high-aluminum polylight bricks at the bottom of the hooks; hanging on equidistant hooks; placing the kiln car inside the track, and then installing frame bricks and lining. The present invention has the advantages of simple construction process, high construction efficiency, low material loss, and environmental protection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of kiln masonry, and in particular to a tunnel kiln masonry construction method in severe cold regions. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing number of industrial construction projects, green and rapid construction have become key development trends in the construction industry. To improve project quality and meet environmental protection requirements, processes are being updated and developed, and the quality and efficiency of new energy materials are being emphasized. Against this backdrop, the application of modern, continuous-firing tunnel kilns is increasing.

[0003] However, during the construction of tunnel kilns in severely cold regions, masonry quality significantly impacts subsequent commissioning. Traditional vault construction methods require setting up formwork first, then simultaneously constructing from both sides toward the center. This method requires extensive experience and skill. However, in severely cold regions, daytime temperatures are low, with significant temperature swings between morning and evening, resulting in a long construction period. Prolonged construction in low temperatures cannot guarantee the quality of the flat roof masonry, significantly impacting projects with tight deadlines and high quality requirements.

[0004] While the existing continuous firing method of tunnel kilns improves production efficiency and masonry quality, it still has some drawbacks. First, traditional masonry methods require experienced bricklayers, which limits the expansion of construction teams and the development of talent. Second, the low temperatures in extremely cold regions significantly impact the quality of flat roof masonry, resulting in extended project times and difficulties in ensuring quality. Furthermore, traditional formwork support methods increase the complexity and cost of the construction process.

[0005] To address these issues, further development of modern tunnel kiln masonry technology is needed. One possible solution is to introduce advanced automation equipment and robotics to reduce reliance on experienced masons and improve construction efficiency and masonry quality. Additionally, new materials and processes can be explored to address the low temperatures found in cold regions and ensure the quality of flat roof masonry. Furthermore, optimizing construction processes and management methods can reduce the problems of extended construction periods and increased costs. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In response to the problems in the related art, the present invention proposes a tunnel kiln masonry construction method in severe cold areas to overcome the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the existing related art.

[0007] To this end, the specific technical solutions adopted in the present invention are as follows:

[0008] A tunnel kiln masonry construction method in severe cold regions, comprising the following steps:

[0009] S1. Preparation before construction;

[0010] S2. After the tunnel kiln positioning and laying out are completed, the steel structure frame is welded and the kiln car track is installed;

[0011] S3. Set up sand sealing grooves inside the tunnel kiln and on both sides of the steel frame, install calcium silicate board walls, and build exhaust ducts at the same time;

[0012] S4. Lay a fiber blanket on the outside of the calcium silicate board wall, and lay a fireproof felt on the outside of the fiber blanket;

[0013] S5. Utilize GIS to fully control the tunnel kiln construction process, apply optimization algorithms to customize block arrangement plans, and utilize BIM technology to execute centerline layout operations;

[0014] S6. Check whether the horizontal line and plumb line are level and proceed with furnace wall construction;

[0015] S7. Place steel pipes on the steel frame at the top of the tunnel kiln, hang steel hooks on the steel pipes, and hang high-aluminum polylight bricks at the bottom of the hooks;

[0016] S8. The high-aluminum poly lightweight bricks adjacent to each other on the same side are connected by mortar and bonded to the lifting rings by fireproof mortar. They are hung on the hooks set at equal distances, and the adjacent units are bonded by fireproof mortar.

[0017] S9. After placing the kiln car on the track, install the frame bricks and lay the lining.

[0018] Optionally, the pre-construction preparation includes the following steps:

[0019] S11. Organize technical personnel to review the construction drawings and raise specific questions to the design institute to ensure the accuracy of the design;

[0020] S12. Check the dimensions and elevations of equipment, materials, and civil engineering in the construction drawings to ensure consistency;

[0021] S13. Check whether each part of the construction drawings is complete and correct;

[0022] S14. Propose a plan for the supply of refractory materials and auxiliary materials and a plan for the processing of fire bricks based on the project schedule;

[0023] S15. Provide technical guidance on special engineering construction for refractory materials, auxiliary materials supply plan and fire brick processing plan.

[0024] Optionally, the steps of setting the sand sealing groove, installing the calcium silicate board wall, and building the exhaust duct include the following steps:

[0025] S31. Inside the tunnel kiln, sand sealing grooves are set on both sides of the steel frame, and the bottom of the sand sealing grooves is 50 mm above the ground;

[0026] S32. Inside the tunnel kiln, calcium silicate board walls are installed on both sides of the steel frame;

[0027] S33. Build a 300mm high exhaust duct on the installed calcium silicate board wall and fill the sand sealing groove with sand.

[0028] Optionally, the use of GIS to comprehensively control the tunnel kiln construction process, the use of an optimization algorithm to customize the block arrangement plan, and the use of BIM technology to accurately execute the centerline layout operation include the following steps:

[0029] S51. Use GIS to build a comprehensive control network to comprehensively manage the tunnel kiln construction process;

[0030] S52. Develop a block arrangement diagram based on the design and construction drawings and the types and specifications of the blocks;

[0031] S53, analyzing the block arrangement scheme by using an optimization algorithm, determining the optimal arrangement scheme, and performing construction;

[0032] S54, control the position and height of the important center line to ensure the accuracy of the line;

[0033] S55. Combine laser distance measuring instruments with BIM technology to obtain accurate data in a 3D context and perform layout operations;

[0034] The combination of a laser rangefinder and BIM technology to obtain accurate data in a three-dimensional context and perform line setting operations includes the following steps:

[0035] S551. Determine the specific points where the line setting operation is required according to the requirements of the design and construction drawings; S552. Ensure that the laser rangefinder and BIM technology equipment are in normal working condition and calibrate them as needed;

[0036] S553. Use a laser rangefinder to measure at the actual construction site to obtain the precise coordinate data of each layout point;

[0037] S554. Import the collected data into BIM software and create corresponding drawings;

[0038] S555. Obtain the drawings from the BIM software, use the laser rangefinder to lay out the lines, mark the specific construction points on the actual construction site, and check the laid-out points.

[0039] Optionally, the use of GIS to construct a comprehensive control network to comprehensively manage the tunnel kiln construction process includes the following steps:

[0040] S511. According to construction regulations, use GIS technology to build a comprehensive control network, which should include all construction areas, equipment and personnel;

[0041] S512: Establishing a construction model of a tunnel kiln in the GIS control network;

[0042] S513. Comprehensively monitor the construction process of the tunnel kiln using the GIS system, including real-time monitoring of construction progress, real-time monitoring of construction quality, and real-time monitoring of any problems that arise;

[0043] S514. Use the GIS system to plan the construction process and monitor and record the key nodes and parameters in the construction process in real time.

[0044] Optionally, analyzing the block arrangement scheme by using an optimization algorithm, determining the optimal arrangement scheme, and performing construction includes the following steps:

[0045] S531. Collect construction parameter data related to the block arrangement plan, wherein the construction parameter data includes at least the type, specification and quantity of the blocks, and the size and constraints of the construction site;

[0046] S532, establishing a mathematical model based on the type, specifications and quantity of the blocks, the dimensions of the construction site and the constraints;

[0047] S533, using linear programming to calculate the mathematical model to obtain an optimal block arrangement scheme;

[0048] S534. Start the construction work of the blocks according to the optimal arrangement plan.

[0049] Optionally, the checking whether the horizontal line and the plumb line are level and performing furnace wall construction comprises the following steps:

[0050] S61. Arrange the bricks and lay the foundation in a reasonable and easy-to-operate manner according to the conditions of each part of the wall;

[0051] S62. The upper and lower skins are overlapped and the overlap length is half of the bricks. If the overlap requirement cannot be met, the steel mesh is pressed in.

[0052] S64. Clean the upper surface of the bricks or concrete strips at the base of the hollow concrete block wall, level it with mortar, draw a line, and check its flatness with a spirit level;

[0053] S65. Arrange bricks and perform specific masonry steps in a reasonable and easy-to-operate manner according to the conditions of each part of the wall;

[0054] S66. During the masonry operation, the bottom surface of the blocks should be upward, the upper and lower skins should be aligned and the joints should be staggered, and the thickness of the horizontal and vertical mortar joints should be ensured to be 15mm;

[0055] S67. After the masonry is completed from both sides to the middle, a 5mm expansion joint is left and refractory fiber is stuffed into it;

[0056] S68. When it is necessary to move the already laid blocks or to repair the blocks that have been knocked, it is necessary to remove the original mortar and re-lay the mortar.

[0057] Optionally, the steel hook has a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 400 mm, is bent 135° on both sides, and has a length of 100 mm at both ends.

[0058] Optionally, after placing the kiln car in the track, installing and lining the frame bricks includes the following steps:

[0059] S91. Determine the size and elevation of the frame bricks at the four corners of the kiln car, then install them longitudinally and transversely with lines to ensure that the mortar is full;

[0060] S92. Clean the kiln car and lay the insulation layer according to the design requirements;

[0061] S93. Clean the kiln car table and install the pad bricks according to the design dimensions and requirements shown in the diagram.

[0062] Optionally, the thickness of the thermal insulation layer is 20 mm, and the flatness error of the kiln car's table surface is less than 0.8 mm.

[0063] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0064] 1. The present invention optimizes the tunnel kiln masonry method by comprehensively considering the characteristics of the daily average temperature and masonry technology in severely cold areas. Hooks are set on the tunnel kiln steel frame, lifting rings are set on the clay refractory bricks, refractory mud is evenly coated on adjacent refractory bricks, refractory fibers are set in the expansion joints, and corresponding construction processes are matched to replace the original methods, thereby reducing the top deformation caused by the later production and improving the durability of the kiln. The present invention has many advantages such as simple construction process, high construction efficiency, low material loss, green environmental protection, low labor input, and shortened construction period.

[0065] 2. By utilizing GIS to comprehensively control the tunnel kiln construction process and applying optimization algorithms to customize the block arrangement scheme, the present invention can reduce the complexity of manual operations, improve construction efficiency, and save time and human resources. By applying optimization algorithms to analyze the block arrangement scheme, the optimal arrangement scheme can be determined, maximizing the use of block materials, reducing waste, and improving construction efficiency and quality. The use of BIM technology to perform centerline layout operations can ensure the accuracy of the layout position and height, reduce errors, and improve construction precision and quality.

[0066] 3. The present invention uses GIS to build an all-round control network, which can comprehensively manage and monitor the tunnel kiln construction process, monitor the construction progress, quality and problems in real time, and monitor and record key nodes and parameters in real time, which helps to improve the accuracy and controllability of construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0067] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0068] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a tunnel kiln masonry construction method in severe cold regions according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 2 2. It is a schematic structural diagram of a kiln car track in a tunnel kiln construction method in a severe cold region according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 3 2. It is a schematic diagram of wall panel installation in a tunnel kiln masonry construction method in a severe cold region according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 4 2. It is a schematic diagram of the installation of sand sealing grooves in the construction method for tunnel kiln masonry in severe cold regions according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of wall insulation in a tunnel kiln masonry construction method in severe cold regions according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 6 2. It is a front view of a wall in a tunnel kiln masonry construction method in a severe cold region according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0074] Figure 7 2. It is a structural schematic diagram of furnace wall masonry in a tunnel kiln masonry construction method in a severe cold region according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 8 2. It is a structural diagram of a flat-top hanger rod suspension in a tunnel kiln masonry construction method in a severe cold region according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0076] Figure 9 2. It is a schematic structural diagram of a steel hook in a tunnel kiln masonry construction method in a severe cold region according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0077] Figure 10 This is one of the diagrams for matching high-aluminum poly lightweight bricks with mortar in a tunnel kiln masonry construction method in severe cold regions according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0078] Figure 11 This is the second diagram of the coordination of high-aluminum poly lightweight bricks and mortar in the tunnel kiln masonry construction method in severe cold regions according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0079] Figure 12 This is the third diagram of the coordination of high-aluminum poly lightweight bricks and mortar in the tunnel kiln masonry construction method in severe cold regions according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0080] Figure 13 This is a structural schematic diagram of a kiln roof masonry construction method in a tunnel kiln in a severe cold region according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0081] Figure 14 It is one of the kiln car installation and lining in the cold region tunnel kiln masonry construction method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0082] Figure 15 This is the second step of kiln car installation and lining in the tunnel kiln masonry construction method in severe cold areas according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0083] To further illustrate each embodiment, the present invention provides drawings, which are part of the disclosure of the present invention. They are mainly used to illustrate the embodiments and can be used in conjunction with the relevant descriptions in the specification to explain the operating principles of the embodiments. By referring to these contents, ordinary technicians in this field should be able to understand other possible implementation methods and advantages of the present invention. The components in the figures are not drawn to scale, and similar component symbols are generally used to represent similar components.

[0084] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a tunnel kiln masonry construction method for severely cold regions is provided.

[0085] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Figure 1 As shown, according to the cold region tunnel kiln masonry construction method of an embodiment of the present invention, the construction method includes the following steps:

[0086] S1. Preparation before construction.

[0087] Preferably, the pre-construction preparation includes the following steps:

[0088] S11. Organize technical personnel to review the construction drawings and raise specific questions to the design institute to ensure the accuracy of the design;

[0089] S12. Check the dimensions and elevations of equipment, materials, and civil engineering in the construction drawings to ensure consistency;

[0090] S13. Check whether each part of the construction drawings is complete and correct;

[0091] S14. Propose a plan for the supply of refractory materials and auxiliary materials and a plan for the processing of fire bricks based on the project schedule;

[0092] S15. Provide technical guidance on special engineering construction for refractory materials, auxiliary materials supply plan and fire brick processing plan.

[0093] It needs to be explained that technical personnel should be organized to review the construction drawings, and based on the review results, design problems should be solved to the design institute. At the same time, the furnace construction drawings should be checked against the equipment installation and civil engineering coordination drawings to see whether the dimensions and elevations are consistent. It should also be checked whether the construction drawings and their descriptions are consistent in content, and whether the various components of the construction drawings are complete and correct. Based on the construction period formulated in the plan, a reasonable refractory and auxiliary material supply plan and fire brick processing plan should be proposed, and technical instructions for special project construction should be given according to the construction organization design.

[0094] like Figure 2 As shown in S2, after the positioning and laying out of the tunnel kiln are completed, the steel structure frame is welded and the kiln car track is installed.

[0095] like Figure 3-Figure 4 As shown in S3, sand sealing grooves are set inside the tunnel kiln and on both sides of the steel frame, and calcium silicate board walls are installed, and exhaust ducts are built at the same time.

[0096] Preferably, the steps of setting the sand sealing groove, installing the calcium silicate board wall, and building the exhaust duct include the following steps:

[0097] S31. Inside the tunnel kiln, sand sealing grooves are set on both sides of the steel frame, and the bottom of the sand sealing grooves is 50 mm above the ground;

[0098] S32. Inside the tunnel kiln, calcium silicate board walls are installed on both sides of the steel frame;

[0099] S33. Build a 300mm high exhaust duct on the installed calcium silicate board wall and fill the sand sealing groove with sand.

[0100] like Figure 5-Figure 6 As shown in S4, a fiber blanket is laid on the outside of the calcium silicate board wall, and a fireproof felt is laid on the outside of the fiber blanket.

[0101] S5. Utilize GIS to fully control the tunnel kiln construction process, use optimization algorithms to customize block arrangement plans, and use BIM technology to perform centerline layout operations.

[0102] Preferably, the use of GIS to comprehensively control the tunnel kiln construction process, the use of optimization algorithms to customize the block arrangement plan, and the use of BIM technology to accurately perform the centerline layout operation include the following steps:

[0103] S51. Use GIS to build a comprehensive control network to comprehensively manage the tunnel kiln construction process;

[0104] S52. Develop a block arrangement diagram based on the design and construction drawings and the types and specifications of the blocks;

[0105] S53, analyzing the block arrangement scheme by using an optimization algorithm, determining the optimal arrangement scheme, and performing construction;

[0106] S54, control the position and height of the important center line to ensure the accuracy of the line;

[0107] S55. Combine laser distance measuring instruments with BIM technology to obtain accurate data in a 3D context and perform layout operations;

[0108] The combination of a laser rangefinder and BIM technology to obtain accurate data in a three-dimensional context and perform line setting operations includes the following steps:

[0109] S551. Determine the specific points where the line setting operation is required according to the requirements of the design and construction drawings; S552. Ensure that the laser rangefinder and BIM technology equipment are in normal working condition and calibrate them as needed;

[0110] S553. Use a laser rangefinder to measure at the actual construction site to obtain the precise coordinate data of each layout point;

[0111] S554. Import the collected data into BIM software and create corresponding drawings;

[0112] S555. Obtain the drawings from the BIM software, use the laser rangefinder to lay out the lines, mark the specific construction points on the actual construction site, and check the laid-out points.

[0113] Preferably, the use of GIS to build a comprehensive control network to comprehensively manage the tunnel kiln construction process includes the following steps:

[0114] S511. According to construction regulations, use GIS technology to build a comprehensive control network, which should include all construction areas, equipment and personnel;

[0115] S512: Establishing a construction model of a tunnel kiln in the GIS control network;

[0116] S513. Comprehensively monitor the construction process of the tunnel kiln using the GIS system, including real-time monitoring of construction progress, real-time monitoring of construction quality, and real-time monitoring of any problems that arise;

[0117] S514. Use the GIS system to plan the construction process and monitor and record the key nodes and parameters in the construction process in real time.

[0118] Preferably, analyzing the block arrangement scheme by using an optimization algorithm, determining the optimal arrangement scheme, and performing construction comprises the following steps:

[0119] S531. Collect construction parameter data related to the block arrangement plan, wherein the construction parameter data includes at least the type, specification and quantity of the blocks, and the size and constraints of the construction site;

[0120] S532, establishing a mathematical model based on the type, specifications and quantity of the blocks, the dimensions of the construction site and the constraints;

[0121] S533, using linear programming to calculate the mathematical model to obtain an optimal block arrangement scheme;

[0122] S534. Start the construction work of the blocks according to the optimal arrangement plan.

[0123] It should be explained that GIS (Geographic Information System) is a technology used to collect, store, manage, analyze, and display geographic information. During tunnel kiln construction, GIS can be used to build a comprehensive control network for comprehensive management of the construction process. By establishing a tunnel kiln construction model within the GIS system, construction progress and quality can be monitored in real time, and any problems that arise can be monitored and addressed. Furthermore, the GIS system can plan the construction process and monitor and record key nodes and parameters in real time. The application of optimization algorithms to block arrangement plans can help determine the optimal block arrangement, thereby improving construction efficiency and quality. By collecting construction parameter data and establishing a mathematical model, optimization algorithms (such as linear programming) can be used to calculate the optimal block arrangement. This maximizes the use of block materials, reduces waste, and improves construction efficiency. BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology can be used to execute centerline layout operations. By combining laser rangefinders with BIM technology, precise data can be acquired in a three-dimensional context for layout operations. The specific steps include determining the specific points where setting out is required, ensuring the proper functioning of the laser rangefinder and BIM technology, and calibrating them as needed. Next, the laser rangefinder is used to measure at the actual construction site, obtaining the precise coordinates of each set-out point. This data can be imported into the BIM software to create the corresponding drawings. Finally, the laser rangefinder is used to set out the lines at the actual construction site, marking the specific construction points and conducting inspections.

[0124] like Figure 7 As shown, S6. Check whether the horizontal line and plumb line are level, and then proceed with furnace wall construction.

[0125] Preferably, the checking whether the horizontal line and the plumb line are level and carrying out furnace wall construction comprises the following steps:

[0126] S61. Arrange the bricks and lay the foundation in a reasonable and easy-to-operate manner according to the conditions of each part of the wall;

[0127] S62. The upper and lower skins are overlapped and the overlap length is half of the bricks. If the overlap requirement cannot be met, the steel mesh is pressed in.

[0128] S64. Clean the upper surface of the bricks or concrete strips at the base of the hollow concrete block wall, level it with mortar, draw a line, and check its flatness with a spirit level;

[0129] S65. Arrange bricks and perform specific masonry steps in a reasonable and easy-to-operate manner according to the conditions of each part of the wall;

[0130] S66. During the masonry operation, the bottom surface of the blocks should be upward, the upper and lower skins should be aligned and the joints should be staggered, and the thickness of the horizontal and vertical mortar joints should be ensured to be 15mm;

[0131] S67. After the masonry is completed from both sides to the middle, a 5mm expansion joint is left and refractory fiber is stuffed into it;

[0132] S68. When it is necessary to move the already laid blocks or to repair the blocks that have been knocked, it is necessary to remove the original mortar and re-lay the mortar.

[0133] It is important to explain that the arrangement of blocks should be carefully arranged according to the conditions of each part of the wall. The assembly method should be reasonable and easy to operate.

[0134] The upper and lower skins of the blocks should be staggered and overlapped, with the overlap length being 1 / 2 of the block. If the staggered length does not meet the prescribed overlap requirements, measures such as pressing steel mesh should be taken according to the masonry structure design regulations.

[0135] Positioning and correction of masonry blocks: masonry should be placed from far to near, from bottom to top, from outside to inside; at the beginning of each layer, start from the corner or the positioning block; hang and correct one layer at a time, and use a line to control the masonry elevation and wall flatness.

[0136] The wall is constructed as follows:

[0137] Base treatment: Clean the surface of the bricks or concrete strips at the base of the concrete hollow block wall, level it with mortar, draw a line, and check its flatness with a spirit level.

[0138] Carefully arrange the bricks and lay the foundation according to the conditions of each part of the wall. The assembly method should be reasonable and easy to operate. The assembly method should be correct. Hollow blocks should be overlapped with staggered joints. Hollow blocks with severely chipped corners should not be used. When constructing the furnace wall, within the same brick layer, the joints between adjacent rows and layers should be staggered.

[0139] When laying bricks, the bottom surface of the blocks should be upward, and the upper and lower skins should be aligned with the holes and staggered. Bricklaying must follow the lines, "the upper part follows the lines, the lower part follows the edges, and the left and right adjacent parts should be level." The thickness of the horizontal and vertical mortar joints is 15mm. The mortar fullness of the horizontal mortar joints should be not less than 80%; the mortar fullness of the vertical mortar joints should be not less than 90%. It should be straight and smooth, and the vertical joints should be filled with mortar. The grooves of the vertical joints should be filled with masonry mortar, and no blind joints, false joints, or transparent joints should appear. The mortar joints should be scraped flat (pointed) after the initial setting and before the final setting of the masonry mortar.

[0140] The masonry is constructed from both sides to the middle. After the masonry is completed, a 5mm expansion joint is left and refractory fiber is stuffed into the expansion joint to ensure that the masonry surface is flat.

[0141] The block wall should be laid in a straight line, and the blocks should be lifted and leaned as they are laid to ensure that the wall is vertical and flat. Bricks should not be smashed to repair the wall. When it is necessary to move the blocks that have been laid or to repair the blocks that have been knocked, the original mortar must be removed and the mortar must be re-laid and laid.

[0142] like Figure 8 As shown in S7, a steel pipe is placed on the steel frame at the top of the tunnel kiln, a steel hook is hung on the steel pipe, and a high-aluminum polylight brick is hung at the bottom of the hook.

[0143] like Figures 9-13 As shown, S8, the high-alumina poly lightweight bricks adjacent to each other on the same side are connected by hanging mortar, and are bonded to the lifting rings by fireproof mortar, and are hung on the hooks set at equal distances, and the adjacent units are bonded by fireproof mortar.

[0144] like Figure 14-15 As shown in S9, after the kiln car is placed on the track, the frame bricks are installed and lined.

[0145] Preferably, the steel hook has a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 400 mm, is bent at 135° on both sides, and has a length of 100 mm at both ends.

[0146] Preferably, after placing the kiln car in the track, installing and lining the frame bricks includes the following steps:

[0147] S91. Determine the size and elevation of the frame bricks at the four corners of the kiln car, then install them longitudinally and transversely with lines to ensure that the mortar is full;

[0148] S92. Clean the kiln car and lay the insulation layer according to the design requirements;

[0149] S93. Clean the kiln car table and install the pad bricks according to the design dimensions and requirements shown in the diagram.

[0150] Preferably, the thickness of the thermal insulation layer is 20 mm, and the flatness error of the kiln car's table surface is less than 0.8 mm.

[0151] It should be explained that after the kiln car is placed on the track, the frame bricks are installed. The center line is drawn on the kiln car. First, the frame brick size and elevation of the four corners of the kiln car are determined. Then, the bricks are laid and installed with the lines in the longitudinal and transverse directions. The masonry mortar must be full. Laying the ordinary needle-punched blanket insulation layer on the bottom of the kiln car: First, clean the kiln car surface. The insulation layer thickness of this process is 20mm. It should be laid according to the design requirements. When laying, the seams should be staggered and dense to ensure the insulation effect of the kiln car. Installation of the pad bricks on the kiln car table: Clean the kiln car table and install the kiln car pad bricks according to the design dimensions and requirements shown in the figure. Ensure that the flatness error of the entire car table is less than 0.8mm.

[0152] In summary, with the help of the above technical solution of the present invention, the present invention optimizes the tunnel kiln masonry method by comprehensively considering the characteristics of the daily average temperature and masonry technology in severe cold areas, arranges hooks on the tunnel kiln steel frame, arranges rings on the clay refractory bricks, evenly applies refractory mud on adjacent refractory bricks, arranges refractory fibers in the expansion joints, and matches corresponding construction technology to replace the original method, thereby reducing the top deformation caused by the later production and improving the durability of the kiln. The present invention has many advantages such as simple construction technology, high construction efficiency, low material loss, green environmental protection, low labor input, and saving construction time. The present invention comprehensively controls the tunnel kiln construction process by using GIS and customizes the block arrangement method by using optimization algorithms. By analyzing the block arrangement scheme using an optimization algorithm, the optimal arrangement scheme can be determined, which maximizes the use of block materials, reduces waste, and improves construction efficiency and quality. By using BIM technology to execute the centerline layout operation, the accuracy of the layout position and height can be ensured, errors can be reduced, and the precision and quality of construction can be improved. By using GIS to build a full-scale control network, the tunnel kiln construction process can be fully managed and monitored, and the construction progress, quality and problems that arise can be monitored in real time. In addition, key nodes and parameters can be monitored and recorded in real time, which helps to improve the accuracy and controllability of construction.

[0153] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel kiln masonry construction method in severe cold regions, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Preparation before construction; S2. After the tunnel kiln positioning and laying out are completed, the steel structure frame is welded and the kiln car track is installed; S3. Set up sand sealing grooves inside the tunnel kiln and on both sides of the steel frame, install calcium silicate board walls, and build exhaust ducts at the same time; S4. Lay a fiber blanket on the outside of the calcium silicate board wall, and lay a fireproof felt on the outside of the fiber blanket; S5. Utilize GIS to fully control the tunnel kiln construction process, apply optimization algorithms to customize block arrangement plans, and utilize BIM technology to execute centerline layout operations; S6. Check whether the horizontal line and plumb line are level and proceed with furnace wall construction; S7. Place steel pipes on the steel frame at the top of the tunnel kiln, hang steel hooks on the steel pipes, and hang high-aluminum polylight bricks at the bottom of the hooks; S8. The high-aluminum poly lightweight bricks adjacent to each other on the same side are connected by mortar and bonded to the lifting rings by fireproof mortar. They are hung on the hooks set at equal distances, and the adjacent units are bonded by fireproof mortar. S9. After placing the kiln car on the track, install the frame bricks and lay the lining; The S5 comprises the following steps: S51. Use GIS to build a comprehensive control network to comprehensively manage the tunnel kiln construction process; S52. Develop a block arrangement diagram based on the design and construction drawings and the types and specifications of the blocks; S53, analyzing the block arrangement scheme by using an optimization algorithm, determining the optimal arrangement scheme, and performing construction; S54, control the position and height of the important center line to ensure the accuracy of the line; S55. Combine laser distance measuring instruments with BIM technology to obtain accurate data in a 3D context and perform layout operations; The S51 includes the following steps: S511. According to construction regulations, use GIS technology to build a comprehensive control network, which should include all construction areas, equipment and personnel; S512: Establishing a construction model of a tunnel kiln in the GIS control network.

2. The method for building a tunnel kiln in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pre-construction preparation includes the following steps: S11. Organize technical personnel to review the construction drawings and raise specific questions to the design institute to ensure the accuracy of the design; S12. Check the dimensions and elevations of equipment, materials, and civil engineering in the construction drawings to ensure consistency; S13. Check whether each part of the construction drawings is complete and correct; S14. Propose a plan for the supply of refractory materials and auxiliary materials and a plan for the processing of fire bricks based on the project schedule; S15. Provide technical guidance on special engineering construction for refractory materials, auxiliary materials supply plan and fire brick processing plan.

3. The method for building a tunnel kiln in a severely cold region according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of setting the sand sealing groove, installing the calcium silicate board wall, and building the exhaust duct include: S31. Inside the tunnel kiln, sand sealing grooves are set on both sides of the steel frame, and the bottom of the sand sealing grooves is 50 mm above the ground; S32. Inside the tunnel kiln, calcium silicate board walls are installed on both sides of the steel frame; S33. Build a 300mm high exhaust duct on the installed calcium silicate board wall and fill the sand sealing groove with sand.

4. The method for building a tunnel kiln in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combination of laser rangefinder and BIM technology to obtain accurate data in a three-dimensional context and perform line setting operations includes the following steps: S551. Determine the specific points where the line setting operation is required according to the requirements of the design and construction drawings; S552. Ensure that laser rangefinders and BIM technology equipment are in normal working condition and calibrated as needed; S553. Use a laser rangefinder to measure at the actual construction site to obtain the precise coordinate data of each layout point; S554. Import the collected data into BIM software and create corresponding drawings; S555. Obtain the drawings from the BIM software, use the laser rangefinder to lay out the lines, mark the specific construction points on the actual construction site, and check the laid-out points.

5. The method for building a tunnel kiln in a severely cold region according to claim 4, characterized in that: The S51 further comprises the following steps: S513. Comprehensively monitor the construction process of the tunnel kiln using the GIS system, including real-time monitoring of construction progress, real-time monitoring of construction quality, and real-time monitoring of any problems that arise; S514. Use the GIS system to plan the construction process and monitor and record the key nodes and parameters in the construction process in real time.

6. The method for building a tunnel kiln in a severely cold region according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method of analyzing the block arrangement scheme by using an optimization algorithm, determining the optimal arrangement scheme, and carrying out construction includes the following steps: S531. Collect construction parameter data related to the block arrangement plan, wherein the construction parameter data includes at least the type, specification and quantity of the blocks, and the size and constraints of the construction site; S532, establishing a mathematical model based on the type, specifications and quantity of the blocks, the dimensions of the construction site and the constraints; S533, using linear programming to calculate the mathematical model to obtain an optimal block arrangement scheme; S534. Start the construction work of the blocks according to the optimal arrangement plan.

7. The method for building a tunnel kiln in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of checking whether the horizontal line and the plumb line are level and carrying out furnace wall construction comprises the following steps: S61. Arrange the bricks and lay the foundation in a reasonable and easy-to-operate manner according to the conditions of each part of the wall; S62. The upper and lower skins are overlapped and the overlap length is half of the bricks. If the overlap requirement cannot be met, the steel mesh is pressed in. S64. Clean the upper surface of the bricks or concrete strips at the base of the hollow concrete block wall, level it with mortar, draw a line, and check its flatness with a spirit level; S65. Arrange bricks and perform specific masonry steps in a reasonable and easy-to-operate manner according to the conditions of each part of the wall; S66. During the masonry operation, the bottom surface of the blocks should be upward, the upper and lower skins should be aligned and the joints should be staggered, and the thickness of the horizontal and vertical mortar joints should be ensured to be 15mm; S67. After the masonry is completed from both sides to the middle, a 5mm expansion joint is left and refractory fiber is stuffed into it; S68. When it is necessary to move the already laid blocks or to repair the blocks that have been knocked, it is necessary to remove the original mortar and re-lay the mortar.

8. The method for building a tunnel kiln in a severely cold region according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steel hook has a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 400 mm, is bent at 135° on both sides, and has a length of 100 mm at both ends.

9. The method for building a tunnel kiln in a severely cold region according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the kiln car is placed on the track, the installation and lining of the frame bricks include the following steps: S91. Determine the size and elevation of the frame bricks at the four corners of the kiln car, then install them longitudinally and transversely with lines to ensure that the mortar is full; S92. Clean the kiln car and lay the insulation layer according to the design requirements; S93. Clean the kiln car table and install the pad bricks according to the design dimensions and requirements shown in the diagram.

10. The method for building a tunnel kiln in cold regions according to claim 9, characterized in that: The thickness of the thermal insulation layer is 20 mm, and the flatness error of the kiln car's platform is less than 0.8 mm.

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