A lake wetland eco-hydrological regulation method considering the dynamic habitat requirements of migratory birds

Abstract

The present invention discloses a lake wetland eco-hydrological regulation method that takes into account the dynamic needs of migratory bird habitats, and the lake wetland eco-hydrological regulation method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting typical emergent plants and submerged plants as important habitat factors for migratory birds through investigation and analysis of migratory bird habitat types; (2) determining the habitat suitability curves of the above typical emergent plants and submerged plants; (3) simulating and evaluating the suitability of migratory bird habitats, and calculating the annual average suitability index. The present invention constructs a migratory bird habitat suitability assessment model based on hydrodynamic simulation, analyzes the potential habitat area and spatial distribution characteristics of migratory birds, quantifies the degree of influence of hydrological processes on the suitability of migratory bird habitats, and finally proposes a lake wetland migratory bird habitat simulation and regulation method that takes into account the dynamic matching of habitat factors. The present invention enriches the system of eco-hydrological regulation methods for shallow lake wetlands, and helps to provide a reference for the operation management and ecological protection and restoration of storage-type lakes in major water diversion projects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of water ecological protection and restoration, and in particular to a lake wetland ecological hydrological regulation method that takes into account the dynamic needs of migratory bird habitats. The method is suitable for the restoration of shallow lake wetland ecosystems whose hydrological rhythms vary greatly due to water diversion projects. Background Art

[0002] Hydrological processes are an important driving force for the evolution of wetland ecosystems. They can change the spatial distribution pattern of wetland plants by affecting the physical and chemical environment such as soil moisture and nutrients, thereby affecting the habitat suitability of migratory birds in wetlands. Against the background of increasing global extreme hydrological events, the hydrological situation in wetlands has changed abnormally. At the same time, in order to alleviate water scarcity and balance human needs for flood control, water storage, irrigation, etc., the intensity of human regulation and interference such as water diversion projects and water conservancy facilities has further increased, exacerbating the trend of changes in the hydrological situation of lake wetlands, leading to off-season water levels and increased minimum water levels in lakes. Abnormal hydrological conditions form water stress on wetland plants, directly affecting plant growth, morphological characteristics, biomass and other indicators, and ultimately affecting the habitat quality of migratory birds. Carrying out scientific and effective wetland eco-hydrological regulation measures will help improve the habitat of migratory birds, enhance biodiversity and ecosystem stability, and promote the sustainable development of ecosystems.

[0003] Regulation based on eco-hydrological process simulation is one of the more commonly used methods of wetland eco-hydrological regulation. Aquatic plants are an important component of migratory bird habitats. Each aquatic plant has a water depth range for normal growth and reproduction, and different growth stages have different requirements for water depth ranges. Therefore, regulation of water depth is the main means of wetland eco-hydrological regulation. At present, most studies on eco-hydrological regulation are based on empirical data and use wetland eco-hydrological models. They lack support from field experimental research data and do not fully consider seasonal changes in habitat factors. At the same time, when conducting habitat suitability research, they are mostly based on annual scales, only considering single habitat factors such as water depth and submerged plants. In terms of migratory birds themselves, they consider a single type and lack consideration of feeding behavior and feeding ability, making it impossible to achieve dynamic matching of wetland hydrological processes and ecological processes. In addition, there are few studies on eco-hydrological regulation of storage-type lakes in water diversion projects. Based on the above analysis, it is necessary to provide a lake wetland eco-hydrological regulation method that takes into account the dynamic needs of migratory bird habitats, and to construct a regulation mechanism that dynamically matches the three processes of "hydrological rhythm change law-wetland plant natural growth rhythm-migratory bird feeding characteristics in different residence seasons". Among them, the habitat suitability evaluation focuses on the habitat suitability of different wetland plants and the feeding suitability of different migratory bird types. The wetland plant suitability mainly considers the needs of concealment, nesting and feeding, and analyzes the typical emergent plants and submerged plants comprehensively; the feeding suitability of migratory birds in different residence seasons mainly considers the feeding needs of typical summer migratory birds and winter migratory birds in different seasons. Summary of the invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: The present invention aims to provide a lake wetland eco-hydrological regulation method that takes into account the dynamic needs of migratory bird habitats, and can target the abnormal hydrological rhythms of shallow lake wetlands with major water diversion and storage functions, focusing on the dynamic matching of hydrological processes and ecological processes.

[0005] Technical solution: The present invention provides a lake wetland eco-hydrological regulation method that takes into account the dynamic needs of migratory bird habitats. The lake wetland eco-hydrological regulation method comprises the following steps:

[0006] (1) Through investigation and analysis of migratory bird habitat types, typical emergent plants and submerged plants were selected as important habitat factors for migratory birds;

[0007] (2) Determine the habitat suitability curves of the above typical emergent plants and submerged plants;

[0008] (3) Simulation and assessment of habitat suitability for migratory birds: Calculate the annual average suitability index S through the habitat suitability curve, and calculate the annual average suitability index S through Formula 1 or Formula 2. Formula 1 is applicable to lake wetlands without national or provincial nature reserves; Formula 2 is applicable to lake wetlands with national or provincial nature reserves;

[0009] Formula 1 is as follows:

[0010]

[0011]

[0012] In the formula, S j represents the average suitability index of the jth month, ranging from 0 to 1; n represents the number of grids, which is determined by the study area when building the hydrodynamic model; A i Represents the area of ​​the ith grid cell, km 2 ; S 植物 ,i, j represents the plant habitat suitability value corresponding to the average water depth of the i-th grid cell in the j-th month, ranging from 0 to 1; S 取食 ,i, j represents the suitability value of the migratory bird feeding habitat corresponding to the average water depth of the i-th grid unit in the j-th month, ranging from 0 to 1; S represents the annual average suitability index, ranging from 0 to 1; k j It indicates the influence of habitat suitability in month j on the annual average suitability index, ranging from 0 to 1;

[0013] Formula 2 is as follows:

[0014]

[0015]

[0016] In the formula, S j represents the average suitability index of the jth month, ranging from 0 to 1; n represents the number of grids, which is determined by the study area when building the hydrodynamic model; A i Represents the area of ​​the ith grid cell, km 2 ; α l represents the allocation weight of the habitat suitability index of the grid unit in the l functional zone considering the food abundance, ranging from 0 to 1; β l It represents the allocation weight of the habitat suitability index of the grid unit in the l functional zone considering the accessibility of food, ranging from 0 to 1; S 植物 ,i, j represents the plant habitat suitability value corresponding to the average water depth of the i-th grid cell in the j-th month, ranging from 0 to 1; S 取食 ,i, j represents the suitability value of the migratory bird feeding habitat corresponding to the average water depth of the i-th grid unit in the j-th month, ranging from 0 to 1; S represents the annual average suitability index, ranging from 0 to 1; k j It indicates the influence of habitat suitability in the jth month on the annual average suitability index, ranging from 0 to 1.

[0017] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the lake wetland ecological hydrological regulation method also includes

[0018] (4) Based on the annual average suitability index calculated in step (3), the water level process optimization scenario is set and evaluated; at the same time, the hydrological change index method and the application change range method are used to analyze the hydrological situation, further clarify the impact of indicators such as high and low water levels and duration of inundation on suitable habitats for migratory birds, and propose an ecological hydrological regulation plan for the restoration of migratory bird habitats.

[0019] As a further improvement of the above scheme, in step (4), the water level process optimization scenario setting and evaluation includes:

[0020] Combining the key water depths of the annual process obtained from experimental observations and model simulations, and considering the relevant requirements of the flood control and storage functions of the regulating lake for water levels, different water level process optimization scenarios are proposed and input into the hydrodynamic numerical model for habitat suitability assessment.

[0021] As a further improvement to the above scheme, step (1) specifically includes: conducting investigations and analyses on the important summer and winter migratory bird habitat species and their habitat type requirements in the lake wetlands of the study area through literature research and field investigations, comprehensively considering their foraging and habitat requirements, and selecting typical emergent plants and submerged plants as important habitat factors for migratory birds.

[0022] As a further improvement of the above scheme, in step (2), determining the habitat suitability curves of the above typical emergent plants and submerged plants includes the steps of experimental scheme formulation, experimental data monitoring, experimental data analysis and habitat suitability curve drawing.

[0023] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the experimental scheme is formulated including

[0024] According to the different growth stages of emergent plants and submerged plants, plant sampling zones are determined according to the terrain and water level change characteristics, and field observation experiments on plant traits under different water depth gradient conditions are carried out. The growth stages include germination stage, initial growth stage, vigorous growth stage, flowering and fruiting stage, decline stage, and seed dormancy stage.

[0025] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the experimental data monitoring includes

[0026] Experimental data monitoring is carried out, where the monitoring indicators for emergent plants include water depth, plant height, chlorophyll content, cover, and biomass; the monitoring indicators for submerged plants include water depth and biomass.

[0027] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the experimental data analysis includes

[0028] By analyzing the correlation between the trait parameters of emergent plants and submerged plants at different growth stages and water depth, the suitable water depth range for the germination period, initial growth period, vigorous growth period, flowering and fruiting period, decline period, and seed dormancy period was determined.

[0029] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the habitat suitability curve drawing includes

[0030] The habitat suitability curve was drawn based on the correlation between the trait parameters and the water depth. The curve was drawn in three sections. The weighted fusion of the suitability curves was performed in combination with the growth periods of emergent plants and submerged plants to obtain the overall suitability curves of wetland plants at different growth stages. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0031]

[0032] In the formula, S 植物，j represents the plant habitat suitability value corresponding to the average water depth in the jth month, ranging from 0 to 1; S 沉水，j represents the habitat suitability of submerged plants corresponding to the average water depth in the jth month, ranging from 0 to 1; S 挺水，j It represents the habitat suitability value of emergent plants corresponding to the average water depth in the jth month, ranging from 0 to 1.

[0033] As a further improvement of the above scheme, in step (3), the simulation and assessment of the suitability of migratory bird habitat includes data collection, model construction and quantitative assessment steps, wherein the model construction includes using the EFDC hydrodynamic model to simulate the spatiotemporal distribution of physical habitat factors such as lake wetland water level and flow rate, and quantify the impact of water level and flow rate changes on the potential habitat area of ​​typical plants during the year.

[0034] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: The present invention combines field experiments and model simulations, starting from the needs of biological entities and the status of habitat factors, considering the dynamic matching of hydrological processes and ecological processes, based on the abundance and accessibility of migratory bird food, clarifying the mechanism of action of hydrological processes on migratory bird habitat factors at different times of the year, constructing a migratory bird habitat suitability assessment model based on hydrodynamic simulation, analyzing the potential habitat area and spatial distribution characteristics of migratory birds, quantifying the degree of influence of hydrological processes on migratory bird habitat suitability, and finally proposing a simulation and regulation method for migratory bird habitat in lake wetlands that considers the dynamic matching of habitat factors. The method systematically considers the dynamic habitat needs of different migratory bird types in lake wetlands, realizes the effective combination of physical mechanism experiments and numerical model simulations, establishes an effective association between hydrological processes and ecological processes, enriches the ecological hydrological regulation method system of shallow lake wetlands, and helps to provide a reference for the operation management and ecological protection and restoration of storage lakes in major water diversion projects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the habitat suitability curve and the suitable annual water level process.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a flow chart for migratory bird habitat simulation and assessment based on hydrodynamic models. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0038] A lake wetland eco-hydrological regulation method that takes into account the dynamic habitat needs of migratory birds. It can be divided into the following steps:

[0039] (1) Investigation and analysis of migratory bird habitat types. The important summer and winter migratory bird habitat species and their habitat type requirements in the lake wetlands of the study area were investigated and analyzed mainly through literature research and field investigations. Taking into account their foraging and habitat requirements, typical emergent plants and submerged plants were selected as important habitat factors for migratory birds.

[0040] (2) Determine the habitat suitability curve of typical wetland plants. The determination of the habitat suitability curve mainly involves the steps of experimental plan formulation, experimental data monitoring, experimental data analysis and habitat suitability curve drawing.

[0041] ①Experimental plan formulation

[0042] According to the different growth stages of emergent plants and submerged plants, such as germination, early growth, vigorous growth, flowering and fruiting, decline, and seed dormancy, the plant sampling belts were determined according to the characteristics of terrain and water level changes, and field observation experiments of plant traits under different water depth gradient conditions were carried out. Specifically, sampling studies of emergent plants and submerged plants were carried out in the study area in March, May, July, and September, and 5 representative sample plots were set up in each area. Three sample plots were set up in each submerged plant sample plot in the water depth areas of 0-15cm, 15-30cm, 30-60cm, 60-100cm, and 100cm-150cm, and the sample size was 50cm×50cm. Three sample plots were set up in each submerged plant sample plot in the water depth areas of 0-50cm, 50-100cm, 100-150cm, 150-200cm, and 200-300cm, and each sample plot was used with a bottom area of ​​0.2m 2 The rotating underwater sickle was used to collect submerged plants once. A total of 600 samples were collected. The main parameters monitored were water depth, plant height, chlorophyll content, coverage, biomass, etc.

[0043] ② Experimental data monitoring

[0044] Experimental data monitoring was carried out during the sampling period. The monitoring indicators of emergent plants included water depth, plant height, chlorophyll content, cover, biomass (dry weight), etc.; the monitoring indicators of submerged plants included water depth and biomass (fresh weight).

[0045] ③ Experimental data analysis

[0046] By analyzing the correlation between the trait parameters of emergent plants and submerged plants at different growth stages and water depth, the suitable water depth range for each growth stage, including the germination period, initial growth period, vigorous growth period, flowering and fruiting period, decline period, and seed dormancy period, was determined.

[0047] ④ Drawing of habitat suitability curve

[0048] The habitat suitability curve is drawn based on the correlation between the trait parameters and the water depth. The larger the corresponding values ​​of plant height, chlorophyll content, coverage, and biomass, the higher the habitat suitability. The curve is drawn in three sections, and the weighted fusion of the suitability curves is performed in combination with the growth period of emergent plants and submerged plants to obtain the overall suitability curve of wetland plants at different growth stages. The calculation formula is as follows.

[0049]

[0050] In the formula, S 植物 , j represents the plant habitat suitability value corresponding to the average water depth in the jth month, ranging from 0 to 1; S沉水 , j represents the suitability value of submerged plant habitat corresponding to the average water depth in the jth month, ranging from 0 to 1; S 挺水，j It represents the habitat suitability of emergent plants corresponding to the average water depth in the jth month, ranging from 0 to 1.

[0051] Through the above steps, we can get Figure 1 The habitat suitability curve and the schematic diagram of the relationship between the suitable annual water level process are shown.

[0052] (3) Simulation and evaluation of habitat suitability for migratory birds. The determination of habitat suitability curve mainly involves steps such as data collection, model construction and quantitative evaluation.

[0053] ①Data Collection

[0054] The model data mainly involves grid data, water level time series data, flow time series data and measured terrain data.

[0055] ②Model construction

[0056] The EFDC hydrodynamic model was used to simulate the spatiotemporal distribution of physical habitat factors such as water level and flow velocity in lake wetlands, and to quantify the impact of water level and flow velocity changes on the potential habitat area of ​​typical plants during the year.

[0057] ③Quantitative evaluation

[0058] The quantitative assessment includes two sets of plans. The first set of plans is applicable to lake wetlands that do not contain national or provincial nature reserves; the second set of plans is applicable to lake wetlands that contain national or provincial nature reserves.

[0059] The first solution:

[0060] Based on the simulation results, the habitat suitability curves of food abundance and feeding accessibility are combined to carry out migratory bird habitat assessment and analysis. Based on the simulated water depth data, the spatial distribution characteristics and annual changes of food abundance are analyzed according to the habitat suitability curves of typical emergent plants and submerged plants at different growth stages. Then, the spatial distribution characteristics and annual changes of feeding accessibility are obtained according to the feeding characteristics of summer and winter migratory birds. Finally, the spatial and temporal matching degree of food abundance and feeding accessibility is comprehensively considered to carry out the habitat suitability analysis of migratory birds. The average suitability index of different months can be calculated, and the annual average suitability index can be obtained according to the weight proportion of different months. The specific calculation formula is as follows.

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] In the formula, Sj represents the average suitability index of the jth month, ranging from 0 to 1; n represents the number of grids, which is determined by the study area; A i Represents the area of ​​the ith grid cell, km 2 ; S 植物，i，j represents the plant habitat suitability value corresponding to the water depth of the i-th grid cell in the j-th month, ranging from 0 to 1; S 取食，i，j represents the suitability value of the migratory bird feeding habitat corresponding to the water depth of the i-th grid unit in the j-th month, ranging from 0 to 1; S represents the annual average suitability index, ranging from 0 to 1; k j It indicates the influence of habitat suitability in the jth month on the annual average suitability index, ranging from 0 to 1. Please refer to the table below for details.

[0064] Table 1 Monthly distribution index k of habitat suitability j

[0065] month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Numeric 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.15 0.15 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05

[0066] Through the above steps, we can get Figure 2 The flowchart of migratory bird habitat simulation and assessment based on hydrodynamic model is shown.

[0067] The second solution:

[0068] For lake wetlands with national or provincial nature reserves, they can be divided into core areas, buffer areas, and experimental areas. The core area focuses on protecting ecological resources, prohibiting the public from passing through and carrying out tourism activities, and generally does not allow scientific research; the buffer area generally only allows entry for scientific research and observation activities; the periphery of the buffer area is designated as an experimental area, which can be entered for scientific experiments, teaching internships, visits and inspections, tourism and other activities. Considering that human activities will cause the feeding range of migratory birds to decrease, that is, the waters originally suitable for migratory birds to feed will not be chosen by migratory birds due to the influence of human activities, the weight distribution of food abundance and accessibility of food is adjusted for different functional zones. There is basically no human activity in the core area, and the weight distribution of food accessibility can be appropriately reduced, focusing on the suitable growth conditions of vegetation. There is a certain amount of human activity in the buffer area, and the weight distribution of food abundance and accessibility of food can be consistent. There are many human activities in the experimental area and non-protected areas, and the weight distribution of food accessibility can be appropriately increased, focusing on the range of migratory birds. The specific calculation is announced as follows.

[0069]

[0070]

[0071] In the formula, S jrepresents the average suitability index of the jth month, ranging from 0 to 1; n represents the number of grids, which is determined by the study area; A i Represents the area of ​​the ith grid cell, km 2 ; α l represents the allocation weight of the habitat suitability index of the grid unit in the l functional zone considering the food abundance, ranging from 0 to 1; β l It represents the allocation weight of the habitat suitability index of the grid unit in the l functional zone considering the accessibility of food, ranging from 0 to 1; S 植物，i，j represents the plant habitat suitability value corresponding to the water depth of the i-th grid cell in the j-th month, ranging from 0 to 1; S 取食，i，j represents the suitability value of the migratory bird feeding habitat corresponding to the water depth of the i-th grid unit in the j-th month, ranging from 0 to 1; S represents the annual average suitability index, ranging from 0 to 1; k j Indicates the influence of habitat suitability in month j on the annual average suitability index, ranging from 0 to 1. l and β l The specific value of k is shown in Table 2. j Please refer to Table 1 for the specific value of .

[0072] Table 2 Different functional partitions α l , β l Value

[0073] Functional division Core Area Buffer Experimental area and non-protected area <![CDATA[α l ]]> 0.25 0.5 0.75 <![CDATA[β l ]]> 0.75 0.5 0.25

[0074] (4) Ecological and hydrological regulation plan for the suitability of migratory bird habitats

[0075] Combining the key water depths of the year obtained from experimental observations and model simulations, different water level process optimization scenarios were proposed and the effects were evaluated. At the same time, the hydrological change index method and the application change range method were used to analyze the hydrological situation, further clarifying the impact of high and low water levels, flooding duration and other indicators on suitable habitats for migratory birds. Finally, an eco-hydrological regulation plan for migratory bird habitat restoration was proposed.

[0076] ① Water level process optimization scenario setting and evaluation

[0077] Combining the key water depths of the annual process obtained from experimental observations and model simulations, and considering the relevant requirements of the flood control and storage functions of the regulating lake for water levels, optimization scenarios of different water level processes are proposed, and input into the hydrodynamic numerical model for habitat suitability assessment, and the regulation scenario scheme is optimized. The higher the average suitability index, the better the scheme.

[0078] ②Analysis of hydrological regime variation and impact

[0079] The long-term daily water level monitoring data of many years were selected, combined with the water level sequence mutation and the characteristics of the water level process within the year, to divide the hydrological period of lake wetlands. The hydrological change index method and the application change range method were used to study the characteristics of hydrological changes in different periods, and to clarify the potential impact of indicators such as the monthly average water level of the lake, the annual extreme water level, the occurrence time of high and low water levels, the duration, and the water level change rate on the habitat of migratory birds. Among them, the hydrological change index method includes 33 characteristic value indicators in five aspects, including flow mean, extreme value, extreme value time, frequency, duration, and reversal rate. The application change range method divides the hydrological sequence before the impact into three different intervals of high, medium, and low according to the percentile (the default value is 33% and 67%). The corresponding hydrological change degree can be calculated according to the change percentage of the expected frequency and actual frequency of each hydrological parameter, which is used to judge the change degree of the hydrological condition.

[0080] ③ Ecological hydrological regulation plan

[0081] Combined with the optimal regulation scenario plan, eco-hydrological regulation measures and suggestions for migratory bird habitat restoration are proposed in terms of water conservancy project operation management and water diversion project optimization scheduling.

[0082] The present invention combines field experiments and model simulations, starting from the needs of biological entities and the status of habitat factors, considering the dynamic matching of hydrological processes and ecological processes, and based on the abundance and accessibility of migratory bird food, clarifies the mechanism of action of hydrological processes on migratory bird habitat factors at different times of the year, constructs a migratory bird habitat suitability assessment model based on hydrodynamic simulation, analyzes the potential habitat area and spatial distribution characteristics of migratory birds, quantifies the degree of influence of hydrological processes on migratory bird habitat suitability, and finally proposes a simulation and regulation method for migratory bird habitat in lake wetlands that considers the dynamic matching of habitat factors. The method systematically considers the dynamic habitat needs of different migratory bird types in lake wetlands, realizes the effective combination of physical mechanism experiments and numerical model simulations, establishes an effective association between hydrological processes and ecological processes, enriches the ecological hydrological regulation method system of shallow lake wetlands, and helps to provide a reference for the operation management and ecological protection and restoration of storage lakes in major water diversion projects.

Claims

1. A lake wetland eco-hydrological regulation method considering the dynamic needs of migratory bird habitats, characterized in that: The lake wetland eco-hydrological regulation method comprises the following steps: (1) Through investigation and analysis of migratory bird habitat types, typical emergent plants and submerged plants were selected as important habitat factors for migratory birds; (2) determining the habitat suitability curves of the typical emergent plants and submerged plants; wherein determining the habitat suitability curves of the typical emergent plants and submerged plants comprises the step of drawing the habitat suitability curves; The habitat suitability curve drawing includes The habitat suitability curve was drawn based on the correlation between the trait parameters and the water depth. The curve was drawn in three sections. The weighted fusion of the suitability curves was performed in combination with the growth periods of emergent plants and submerged plants to obtain the overall suitability curves of wetland plants at different growth stages. The calculation formula is as follows: In the formula, S 植物，j represents the plant habitat suitability value corresponding to the average water depth in the jth month, ranging from 0 to 1; S 沉水，j represents the habitat suitability of submerged plants corresponding to the average water depth in the jth month, ranging from 0 to 1; S 挺水，j It represents the habitat suitability of emergent plants corresponding to the average water depth in the jth month, ranging from 0 to 1; (3) Simulation and assessment of habitat suitability for migratory birds: Calculate the annual average suitability index S through the habitat suitability curve, and calculate the annual average suitability index S through Formula 1 or Formula 2. Formula 1 is applicable to lake wetlands without national or provincial nature reserves; Formula 2 is applicable to lake wetlands with national or provincial nature reserves; Formula 1 is as follows: In the formula, S j represents the average suitability index of the jth month, ranging from 0 to 1; n represents the number of grids, which is determined by the study area when building the hydrodynamic model; A i Represents the area of ​​the ith grid cell, km 2 ; S 植物，i，j represents the plant habitat suitability value corresponding to the average water depth of the i-th grid cell in the j-th month, ranging from 0 to 1; S 取食，i，j represents the suitability value of the migratory bird feeding habitat corresponding to the average water depth of the i-th grid unit in the j-th month, ranging from 0 to 1; S represents the annual average suitability index, ranging from 0 to 1; k j It indicates the influence of habitat suitability in month j on the annual average suitability index, ranging from 0 to 1; Formula 2 is as follows: In the formula, S j represents the average suitability index of the jth month, ranging from 0 to 1; n represents the number of grids, which is determined by the study area when building the hydrodynamic model; A i Represents the area of ​​the ith grid cell, km 2 ; α l represents the allocation weight of the habitat suitability index of the grid unit in the l functional zone considering the food abundance, ranging from 0 to 1; β l It represents the allocation weight of the habitat suitability index of the grid unit in the l functional zone considering the accessibility of food, ranging from 0 to 1; S 植物，i，j represents the plant habitat suitability value corresponding to the average water depth of the i-th grid cell in the j-th month, ranging from 0 to 1; S 取食，i，j represents the suitability value of the migratory bird feeding habitat corresponding to the average water depth of the i-th grid unit in the j-th month, ranging from 0 to 1; S represents the annual average suitability index, ranging from 0 to 1; k j It indicates the influence of habitat suitability in the jth month on the annual average suitability index, ranging from 0 to 1.

2. The lake wetland eco-hydrological regulation method considering the dynamic needs of migratory bird habitats according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lake wetland eco-hydrological regulation method also includes (4) Based on the annual average suitability index calculated in step (3), the water level process optimization scenario is set and evaluated; at the same time, the hydrological change index method and the application change range method are used to analyze the hydrological situation, further clarify the impact of high and low water levels and flooding duration indicators on suitable habitats for migratory birds, and propose an ecological hydrological regulation plan for migratory bird habitat restoration.

3. The lake wetland eco-hydrological regulation method considering the dynamic needs of migratory bird habitats according to claim 2 is characterized in that: In step (4), the water level process optimization scenario setting and evaluation includes: Combining the key water depths of the annual process obtained from experimental observations and model simulations, and considering the relevant requirements of the flood control and storage functions of the regulating lake for water levels, different water level process optimization scenarios are proposed and input into the hydrodynamic numerical model for habitat suitability assessment.

4. The lake wetland eco-hydrological regulation method considering the dynamic needs of migratory bird habitats according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step (1) specifically includes: conducting an investigation and analysis of the important summer and winter migratory bird habitat species and their habitat type requirements in the lake wetlands of the study area through literature research and field investigation, comprehensively considering their concealment, nesting and feeding needs, and selecting typical emergent plants and submerged plants as important habitat factors for migratory birds.

5. The lake wetland eco-hydrological regulation method considering the dynamic needs of migratory bird habitats according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), determining the habitat suitability curves of the above typical emergent plants and submerged plants includes the steps of experimental program formulation, experimental data monitoring and experimental data analysis.

6. The lake wetland eco-hydrological regulation method considering the dynamic needs of migratory bird habitats according to claim 5, characterized in that: The experimental plan formulation includes According to the different growth stages of emergent plants and submerged plants, plant sampling zones are determined according to the terrain and water level change characteristics, and field observation experiments on plant traits under different water depth gradient conditions are carried out. The growth stages include germination stage, initial growth stage, vigorous growth stage, flowering and fruiting stage, decline stage, and seed dormancy stage.

7. The lake wetland eco-hydrological regulation method considering the dynamic needs of migratory bird habitats according to claim 5, characterized in that: The experimental data monitoring includes Experimental data monitoring is carried out, where the monitoring indicators for emergent plants include water depth, plant height, chlorophyll content, cover, and biomass; the monitoring indicators for submerged plants include water depth and biomass.

8. The lake wetland eco-hydrological regulation method considering the dynamic needs of migratory bird habitats according to claim 5, characterized in that: The experimental data analysis includes By analyzing the correlation between the trait parameters of emergent plants and submerged plants at different growth stages and water depth, the suitable water depth range for the germination period, initial growth period, vigorous growth period, flowering and fruiting period, decline period, and seed dormancy period was determined.

9. The lake wetland eco-hydrological regulation method considering the dynamic needs of migratory bird habitats according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the simulation and assessment of the suitability of migratory bird habitats includes data collection, model construction and quantitative assessment steps, wherein the model construction includes using the EFDC hydrodynamic model to simulate the spatiotemporal distribution of the physical habitat factors of lake wetland water level and flow velocity, and quantifying the impact of water level and flow velocity changes on the potential habitat area of ​​typical plants during the year.

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