A method for alleviating the continuous cropping obstacles of panax quinquefolium

Abstract

The application provides a method for relieving American ginseng continuous cropping obstacles, and belongs to the technical field of crop rotation of medicine and fungus. The method for relieving American ginseng continuous cropping obstacles comprises the following steps: after American ginseng is harvested, Morel is rotated in the soil where American ginseng is continuously cropped, and then the next American ginseng is planted. The method is based on the growth and reproduction of Morel mycelium in the soil, and Morel is used for crop rotation with American ginseng, so that the soil microbial community and physicochemical values of the soil where American ginseng is continuously cropped are improved, the effect of reducing saponin substances is achieved, the problem of American ginseng continuous cropping obstacles is relieved, and the emergence rate and survival rate of the next American ginseng are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of medicinal fungus rotation, and particularly relates to a method for relieving continuous cropping obstacles of Panax quinquefolius. BACKGROUND

[0002] Panax quinquefolius, a plant of the genus Panax in the family Araliaceae, is an important tonic Chinese medicinal material, and generally needs to be planted for 4 years before being harvested. If the plant is continuously planted in the same land after being harvested, the plant often cannot grow normally, that is, there is a serious continuous cropping obstacle problem.

[0003] In order to relieve the continuous cropping obstacle of medicinal plants, a reasonable rotation, intercropping and interplanting cultivation system needs to be established, such as the interplanting of 5 kinds of medicinal plants of Atractylodes lancea, Phyllanthus urinaria, Dioscorea zingiberensis, Rhizoma Pinelliae and Ophiopogon japonicus with peanuts, which can improve the continuous cropping obstacle of medicinal plants, and also includes improving the soil microbial environment, reducing the release of autotoxic substances, and promoting the degradation of allelochemicals. For the continuous cropping obstacle of Panax quinquefolius, Zhang Xuesong et al. intercropped wheat / corn in the old Panax quinquefolius field for 5 years, which can effectively relieve the continuous cropping obstacle of Panax quinquefolius, improve the emergence rate of the next crop of Panax quinquefolius, and meet the production demand of Panax quinquefolius; patent CN114009446A provides an anti-stress preparation and its application in yield increase and anti-continuous cropping obstacle of Panax quinquefolius, which improves the continuous cropping obstacle problem in the continuous cropping process of Panax quinquefolius by applying a specially prepared anti-stress preparation in the continuous cropping land of Panax quinquefolius; patent CN114258830A provides a planting method for preventing root rot of Panax quinquefolius, which relieves the continuous cropping obstacle of Panax quinquefolius and reduces the incidence of root rot by intercropping sugar beets in the Panax quinquefolius field and applying biological inoculants.

[0004] Morel, also known as Morchella, is a kind of excellent edible fungus, and has high medicinal value. However, there is no related record and research on the rotation of Panax quinquefolius and Morel at present. SUMMARY

[0005] Therefore, the purpose of the present application is to provide a method for relieving the continuous cropping obstacle of Panax quinquefolius, which realizes medicinal fungus rotation by planting Morel, improves and repairs the continuous cropping soil of Panax quinquefolius, relieves the continuous cropping obstacle of Panax quinquefolius, and is beneficial to the emergence and growth of the next crop of Panax quinquefolius.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the application, the present application provides the following technical solutions.

[0007] A method for relieving the continuous cropping obstacle of Panax quinquefolius, wherein Morel is planted in the continuous cropping soil of Panax quinquefolius after the harvest of Panax quinquefolius.

[0008] Preferably, after the harvest of Panax quinquefolius, 180-220 g / m2 of quicklime is applied to the continuous cropping soil, and the soil is plowed and raked to be fine, and is dried for 15-20 days. 2 , the soil is plowed and raked to be fine, and is dried for 15-20 days.

[0009] Preferably, 15-20g / m 2 of mushroom dregs are applied before planting the Morchella 2 .

[0010] Preferably, the Morchella is planted in an above-ground ridge bed, with a ridge width of 80-120cm and a ridge height of 15-20cm, and a drainage ditch around the ridge with a ditch depth of 30-40cm.

[0011] Preferably, the Morchella is planted by sowing 350-450g / m 2 of the Morchella cultivation seed on the ridge and covering the seed with 3-5cm of soil.

[0012] More preferably, the Morchella cultivation seed is obtained through three-stage cultivation, wherein: the mother seed culture medium comprises 200g of peeled potatoes, 18-20g of glucose, 15-18g of agar, 5g of peptone, 5g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3g of magnesium sulfate, and 1000mL of water; the original seed culture medium comprises 55%-60% of wheat, 25%-30% of wood chips, 10%-15% of chaff, 1%-1.5% of gypsum, and 1%-1.5% of lime; the cultivation seed culture medium comprises 55%-60% of wheat, 20%-25% of wood chips, 10%-15% of chaff, 3%-5% of humus soil, 1%-1.5% of gypsum, and 1%-1.5% of lime; and the three culture mediums have a pH of 6.8-7.2 and a water content of 60%-65%.

[0013] Preferably, 3-5 bags / m 2 of nutrient bags are placed on the ridge after the Morchella is sown for 7-10 days; the nutrient bags comprise 60%-65% of wheat, 20%-25% of corn cob, and 10%-15% of chaff, and have a water content of 35%-40%.

[0014] Preferably, during the growth period of the Morchella, the environmental temperature is 15-18℃ and the humidity is 65%-85%.

[0015] Preferably, the method further comprises harvesting the Morchella after the Morchella matures and planting the next crop of Panax quinquefolium after plowing and leveling the ground.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The method provided by the application relieves the continuous cropping obstacles of Panax quinquefolium by planting Morchella, implements medicinal fungus rotation, improves and repairs the continuous cropping soil of Panax quinquefolium, relieves the continuous cropping obstacles of Panax quinquefolium, and is beneficial to the emergence and growth of the next crop of Panax quinquefolium.

[0018] Experiments have shown that morel mushroom rotation can increase soil pH and fertility to some extent after continuous cropping of American ginseng, which is beneficial for the subsequent planting of American ginseng. It can also increase the number of beneficial microorganisms in the soil after continuous cropping of American ginseng and inhibit harmful bacteria; and it has a certain degradation effect on ginsenosides in the soil. Compared with continuous cropping of American ginseng, after rotating with one morel mushroom, the emergence rate and survival rate of the next crop of American ginseng are significantly improved.

[0019] In addition, the crop rotation of morel mushrooms in the soil where American ginseng is continuously cropped will not have a negative impact on the growth of morel mushrooms, thus ensuring the edible value and economic benefits of morel mushrooms. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 Dendrogram of soil bacterial community similarity before and after continuous cropping of American ginseng;

[0021] Figure 2 Analysis of bacterial species diversity in soils in ginseng rotation before and after continuous cropping.

[0022] Figure 3 Dendrogram of soil fungal community similarity before and after continuous cropping of American ginseng;

[0023] Figure 4 Analysis of fungal species diversity in soils inhabited by ginseng before and after crop rotation;

[0024] Figure 5 Changes in ginsenoside content in soil before and after continuous cropping of American ginseng;

[0025] Figure 6 Changes in phenolic acid content in soil before and after continuous cropping of American ginseng;

[0026] Figure 7 The effect of different soil types on the germination rate of American ginseng seeds. In the figure, A: stubble soil that has never been planted with morel mushrooms and American ginseng, B: soil with one crop rotation of morel mushrooms, C: soil with two crop rotations of morel mushrooms, and D: untreated soil with continuous cropping of American ginseng. Detailed Implementation

[0027] This invention provides a method to alleviate the problem of continuous cropping obstacles in American ginseng. After harvesting American ginseng, morel mushrooms are planted in the soil where American ginseng is continuously cropped. Through the growth and reproduction of morel mycelium in the soil where American ginseng is continuously cropped, the microbial community and physicochemical values ​​of the soil affected by continuous cropping are improved, and the saponin content is reduced, thereby alleviating the problem of continuous cropping obstacles in American ginseng.

[0028] This invention preferably involves applying 180-220 g / m² of quicklime to the soil after harvesting American ginseng, following continuous cropping. 2 Further optimization involves applying 200g / m² of quicklime. 2; the ploughing and raking is further preferably 1-2 times, and the maximum diameter of the raked soil clumps is not more than 5 cm; and the airing is 15-20 days, and is further preferably 18 days.

[0029] The application preferably applies 15-20 g / m 2 of the fermented and decomposed mushroom chaff to the Morchella before planting, and is further preferably 18 g / m 2 The mushroom chaff is fermented and decomposed mushroom chaff; 8-15 g / m 2 of potassium sulfate is further preferably 12 g / m 2 , and is mixed with the soil.

[0030] The application preferably plants the Morchella in a raised bed in an above-ground mode, and the raised bed has a width of 80-120 cm, and is further preferably 100 cm; and a height of 15-20 cm, and is further preferably 18 cm; and a drainage ditch around the raised bed with a depth of 30-40 cm, and is further preferably 35 cm. As an implementable mode, a 30-cm-wide aisle is arranged between the raised beds.

[0031] The application preferably sprays the raised bed before sowing the Morchella to keep the soil moist.

[0032] The application preferably sows 350-450 g / m 2 of the Morchella cultivation seed on the raised bed, and is further preferably 400 g / m 2 ; and covers the soil with 3-5 cm, and is further preferably 4 cm.

[0033] The application preferably obtains the Morchella cultivation seed through a three-stage culture mode, and the three-stage culture mode comprises the following steps:

[0034] The mother seed culture medium comprises 200 g of peeled potatoes, 18-20 g of glucose, 15-18 g of agar, 5 g of protein peptone, 5 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3 g of magnesium sulfate, 1000 mL of water, pH 6.8-7.2, and a water content of 60%-65%; and is further preferably 200 g of peeled potatoes, 20 g of glucose, 17 g of agar, 5 g of protein peptone, 5 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3 g of magnesium sulfate, 1000 mL of water, pH 7, and a water content of 65%.

[0035] The original seed culture medium comprises 55%-60% of wheat, 25%-30% of wood chips, 10%-15% of chaff, 1%-1.5% of gypsum, and 1%-1.5% of lime, pH 6.8-7.2, and a water content of 60%-65%; and is further preferably 60% of wheat + 25% of wood chips + 13% of chaff + 1% of gypsum + 1% of lime, pH 7, and a water content of 65%.

[0036] The cultivation medium is preferably composed of 55-60% of wheat, 20-25% of sawdust, 10-15% of chaff, 3-5% of humus soil, 1-1.5% of gypsum, and 1-1.5% of lime, with pH being 6.8-7.2 and water content being 60-65%; more preferably, the medium is composed of 60% of wheat, 20% of sawdust, 13% of chaff, 5% of humus soil, 1% of gypsum, and 1% of lime, with pH being 7 and water content being 65%.

[0037] The present application preferably places 3-5 bags of nutrient bags per square meter on the ridge surface after the Morel is sowed for 7-10 days. 2 The present application preferably places 3-5 bags of nutrient bags per square meter on the ridge surface after the Morel is sowed for 7-10 days. 2 The present application preferably places 3-5 bags of nutrient bags per square meter on the ridge surface after the Morel is sowed for 7-10 days.

[0038] The present application preferably controls the environmental temperature to be 15-18℃, more preferably 16-17℃, and the humidity to be 65-85%, more preferably 70-80%, and more preferably 75% during the growth period of the Morel; and more preferably, a simple arched shed is built on the ridge surface, with a width of 1.2m, a height of 50cm, and a shading rate of 80% of sunshade net coverage.

[0039] The present application preferably harvests the Morel after it is matured, more preferably when the ridge rib of the ascocarp of the Morel turns into dark brown and has not yet turned white and dry, and the Morel is harvested according to the standard of taking the big and leaving the small by pinching the cap or stem of the Morel with fingers, and cutting the Morel from the base of the stem with a knife on the ground, while avoiding mud and sand as much as possible; preferably, the land is ploughed and leveled after the Morel is harvested, and then the next crop of American ginseng is planted, more preferably with a plant spacing of 6cm x 8cm, and the land is covered with 3-5cm of soil after the American ginseng is sowed; more preferably, 2-3cm of straw, chopped straw, or fallen leaves are further covered, and then covered with a mulch film.

[0040] The technical solutions provided by the present application are described in detail below in conjunction with the examples, but they should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] A method for relieving the continuous cropping obstacles of American ginseng, comprising the following steps:

[0043] (1) After the American ginseng is harvested, 200g / m of quicklime is applied to the soil; 2 The soil is ploughed twice and raked to be fine, with the maximum diameter of the soil clumps being not more than 5cm, and the soil surface is leveled after being aired for 20d;

[0044] (2) Base fertilizer is applied, with 18g / m of mushroom dregs, 8g / m of potassium sulfate, and 8g / m of lime, which are mixed uniformly after ploughing; 2 2

[0045] ​​(3) The Morchella is planted in the above-ground type of ridge bed, the ridge bed is 100 cm wide and 18 cm high, a drainage ditch is made around the ridge bed, the ditch is 35 cm deep, and a 30 cm passageway is left between the ridge beds;

[0046] (4) The Morchella is sprayed on the ridge bed before sowing, the soil is kept moist, 400 g / m 2 of the cultivated species is sowed on the ridge bed, and the soil is covered by 3-5 cm;

[0047] The Morchella cultivated species is obtained through three-stage (mother species, original species and cultivated species) culture, wherein:

[0048] The mother species culture medium is 200 g of peeled potatoes, 20 g of glucose, 17 g of agar, 5 g of peptone, 5 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3 g of magnesium sulfate, 1000 mL of water, pH 7, and the water content is 65%;

[0049] The original species culture medium is 60% of wheat, 25% of wood chips, 13% of chaff, 1% of gypsum and 1% of lime, pH 7, and the water content is 65%;

[0050] The cultivated species culture medium is 60% of wheat, 20% of wood chips, 13% of chaff, 5% of humus soil, 1% of gypsum and 1% of lime, pH 7, and the water content is 65%;

[0051] (5) After 10 days of sowing of the Morchella, 4 bags / m 2 of nutrient bags are placed on the ridge bed; the nutrient bag comprises 65% of wheat, 25% of corn cob and 10% of chaff, and the water content is 35%;

[0052] (6) During the growth period of the Morchella, the environmental temperature is controlled to be 15-18℃, the humidity is controlled to be 75%, a simple arched shed is built on the ridge bed, the width of the shed is 1.2 m, the height of the shed is 50 cm, and the shading rate of the sunshade net covering is 80%.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] A method for relieving the continuous cropping obstacles of Panax quinquefolium, comprising the following steps:

[0055] (1) After the Panax quinquefolium is harvested, 180 g / m 2 of quicklime is applied on the soil, sterilization and disinfection are performed, the soil is ploughed once and is raked to be fine, the maximum diameter of the soil clods is not more than 5 cm, the soil is dried for 15 days, and the soil surface is leveled;

[0056] (2) Base fertilizer is applied, 15 g / m 2 of fungus chaff and 10 g / m 2 of potassium sulfate are applied, and the soil is mixed uniformly after ploughing;

[0057] (3) The Morchella is planted in the above-ground type of ridge bed, the ridge bed is 100 cm wide and 18 cm high, a drainage ditch is made around the ridge bed, the ditch is 35 cm deep, and a 30 cm passageway is left between the ridge beds;

[0058] (4) The furrow surface of the Morel is sprayed before sowing, and the soil is kept moist. The sowing amount of the cultivation species is 350g / m 2 , the furrow surface is sown and covered with soil 3-5cm;

[0059] The Morel cultivation species is obtained through three-stage (mother species, original species and cultivation species) culture. Among them:

[0060] The mother culture medium: 200g of peeled potatoes, 19g of glucose, 15g of agar, 5g of proteose peptone, 5g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3g of magnesium sulfate, 1000mL of water, pH 6.8, moisture content 60%;

[0061] The original culture medium: 55% of wheat, 30% of wood chips, 12% of chaff, 1.5% of gypsum, 1.5% of lime, pH 6.8, moisture content 60%;

[0062] The cultivation culture medium: 55% of wheat, 25% of wood chips, 14% of chaff, 3% of humus soil, 1.5% of gypsum, 1.5% of lime, pH 6.8, moisture content 60%;

[0063] (5) After 8 days of sowing of the Morel, 3 bags / m 2 of nutrient bags are placed on the furrow surface; the nutrient bag includes 65% of wheat, 20% of corn cob, 15% of chaff, and the moisture content is 40%;

[0064] (6) During the growth period of the Morel, the environmental temperature is controlled at 15-18℃, the humidity is 65%, a simple arched shed is built on the furrow surface, the width is 1.2m, the height is 50cm, and the shading rate is 80% covered with shading net.

[0065] Example 3

[0066] A method for alleviating the continuous cropping obstacles of Panax quinquefolium, comprising the following steps:

[0067] (1) After the Panax quinquefolium is harvested, 220g / m 2 of quicklime is applied on the soil for sterilization and disinfection, the soil is ploughed twice and raked, the maximum diameter of the soil clumps is not more than 5cm, and the soil surface is leveled after airing for 18d;

[0068] (2) The base fertilizer is applied, 20g / m 2 of mushroom dregs, 12g / m 2 of potassium sulfate, and mixed uniformly after ploughing;

[0069] (3) The Morel is planted on the ground type furrow bed, the furrow surface is 120cm wide and 20cm high, the drainage ditch around is 40cm deep, and a 30cm passageway is left between the furrows;

[0070] (4) The furrow surface of the Morel is sprayed before sowing, and the soil is kept moist. The sowing amount of the cultivation species is 450g / m 2, and the seed is sown on the surface and covered with 3-5 cm of soil;

[0071] The cultivated species of Morchella esculenta is obtained through a three-stage (mother species, original species, and cultivated species) cultivation method, wherein:

[0072] The mother species culture medium comprises 200 g of peeled potatoes, 18 g of glucose, 18 g of agar, 5 g of peptone, 5 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3 g of magnesium sulfate, 1000 mL of water, pH 7.2, and a water content of 62%;

[0073] The original species culture medium comprises 58% of wheat, 27% of wood chips, 13% of chaff, 1% of gypsum, and 1% of lime, pH 7.2, and a water content of 62%;

[0074] The cultivated species culture medium comprises 58% of wheat, 22% of wood chips, 13% of chaff, 4% of humus soil, 1.5% of gypsum, and 1.5% of lime, pH 7.2, and a water content of 62%;

[0075] (5) After 7 days of Morchella esculenta sowing, 5 bags of nutrient bags are placed on the surface of the plot, wherein each bag contains 63% of wheat, 23% of corn cob, and 14% of chaff, and the water content is 38%; 2

[0076] (6) During the growth period of Morchella esculenta, the environmental temperature is controlled at 15-18°C, the humidity is controlled at 85%, a simple arched shed is built on the surface of the plot, the width is 1.2 m, the height is 50 cm, the shading rate is 80%, and the sunshade net is covered.

[0077] Example 4

[0078] A Panax quinquefolium-Morchella esculenta crop rotation method, comprising the following steps:

[0079] The Panax quinquefolium continuous cropping soil is repaired according to the method of Example 1, and when the ridges and ribs of the Morchella esculenta ascocarps become dark brown and do not turn white and dry, the caps or stems are gently pinched with fingers, and the standard of taking large and leaving small is used, and the Morchella esculenta is cut off from the base of the stem with a knife on the ground, and mud and sand are avoided as much as possible; the soil is plowed and leveled, Panax quinquefolium is sown at a plant spacing of 6 cm x 8 cm, covered with 3-5 cm of soil, and then covered with 2-3 cm of straw, chopped straw, or fallen leaves, and covered with a mulch film.

[0080] Example 5

[0081] Influence of Morchella esculenta planting on the physical and chemical properties of Panax quinquefolium continuous cropping soil

[0082] ​1. Sample site setting: old ginseng soil after planting American ginseng for 2 rounds in Liuba County, Shaanxi Province was selected for Morel rotation as a rotation group. Soil properties were analyzed in "American ginseng soil after harvest (DQ)", "Morel planting fungus cream period soil (FS)", and "Morel soil after harvest (GC)", respectively. The soil adjacent to the soil that had never been planted with American ginseng and Morel was used as a control (CK). The rotation group was planted according to the method of Example 1. The Morel cultivation species was derived from Shaanxi University of Science and Technology.

[0083] 2. Analysis method, rotation group and control group were sampled according to random five-point sampling method:

[0084] (1) Analysis of soil physicochemical properties:

[0085] The pH of the soil sample was measured by glass electrode method; the determination of total nitrogen was carried out by Kjeldahl digestion method; the determination of total phosphorus was carried out by sodium hydroxide fusion-palladium antimony anti-colorimetric method; the determination of available phosphorus was carried out by (alkaline) sodium bicarbonate extraction-molybdenum antimony anti-colorimetric; the determination of total sulfur was carried out by turbidimetry-spectrophotometry; the determination of total potassium and available potassium was carried out by NaOH fusion-flame photometry; the determination of total copper, total zinc, total iron, total manganese, total calcium and total magnesium was carried out by hydrochloric acid-nitric acid-perchloric acid digestion-atomic absorption spectrophotometry; the determination of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen was carried out by alkali-hydrolyzable diffusion method; the determination of organic matter was carried out by potassium dichromate-concentrated sulfuric acid external heating method.

[0086] (2) Analysis of soil microbial community: high-throughput sequencing (amplified sequencing);

[0087] Bacterial 16S rDNA sequencing, the upper primer 338F sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, and the lower primer 806R sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 2; fungal ITS sequencing, the upper primer ITS1F sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, and the lower primer ITS2R sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 4.

[0088] (3) Analysis of soil allelochemicals: high performance liquid chromatography;

[0089] (4) Morel yield:

[0090] The calculation formula is: Morel yield (kg / 667m 2 ) = A x G x 667; in the formula: A - the number of Morels per square meter (pieces); G - the average weight of Morels per square meter (kg).

[0091] 3. Test results

[0092] (1) Changes in soil pH before and after rotation

[0093] The detected plot CK soil pH was 6.9; the DQ group pH was 4.5, and the GC group pH was 5.8, which was significantly higher than that of the DQ group (P<0.05). It showed that the Morchella rotation made the soil pH rise to a certain extent, which was conducive to the planting of the next crop of American ginseng.

[0094] (2) Changes of soil physicochemical indexes-nutrient content before and after rotation

[0095] As shown in Table 1, during the process of DQ→GC, the contents of soil available potassium, total iron, total calcium, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen were significantly increased (P<0.05), the total sulfur content in the FS group was significantly decreased, and the GC group showed an upward trend. Preliminary analysis showed that Morchella mycelium had a certain inhibitory effect on it; the contents of available phosphorus, total magnesium, total copper, total zinc, total manganese and total potassium had no obvious change (P>0.05), which was the same as the content of the DQ group.

[0096] Statistical analysis showed that the comprehensive fertility of the GC group was significantly higher than that of the DQ group (P<0.05), indicating that Morchella rotation could improve the fertility of American ginseng continuous cropping soil to a certain extent.

[0097] Table 1 Changes of soil nutrient content before and after rotation

[0098]

[0099] (3) Changes of soil microbial community before and after rotation

[0100] As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the similarity of bacterial community composition was analyzed by the number of shared OTUs, and the results showed that the bacterial community similarity of the DQ group and the GC group was low; α diversity analysis showed that there was no significant difference in bacterial community abundance during the process of DQ→GC (P>0.05), but the diversity increased extremely significantly (P<0.01); β diversity analysis showed that the bacterial community structure between the DQ group and the GC group was significantly different; based on the genus level, it was found that the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria Sphingomonas and Gemmatimonas in the GC group soil (6.68%, 1.16%) was significantly higher than that in the DQ group (2.79%, 0.30%), which increased by 2.39 times and 3.87 times respectively.

[0101] As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the similarity of fungal community composition was analyzed based on the number of shared OTUs. The results showed that the fungal community similarity between the DQ and GC groups was low. α and β diversity analysis indicated that the abundance, diversity, and community structure of the fungal community decreased during the DQ→GC process, but the changes were not significant (P>0.05). Based on the genus level, the relative abundance of beneficial fungi, *Mammillaria*, in the GC group (14.01%) was significantly higher than that in the DQ group (11.69%), an increase of 20%. The relative abundance of harmful fungi, *Ceratophyllum demersum*, decreased significantly in the FS group but increased in the GC group. It is preliminarily considered that *Ceratophyllum demersum* is associated with total sulfur, and that *Morchella esculenta* hyphae may have an inhibitory effect on *Ceratophyllum demersum*.

[0102] (4) Changes in soil allelochemicals before and after crop rotation

[0103] Regarding changes in ginsenoside content, such as Figure 5 As shown, HPLC analysis revealed that the contents of 6 ginsenosides (Re, Rc, Rd, Rg1, Rb1, and Rb2) in the GC group were all lower than those in the DQ group (P<0.05). This indicates that morel mushroom rotation has a certain degradation effect on ginsenosides in the soil.

[0104] Regarding changes in phenolic acid content, such as Figure 6 As shown: HPLC detection revealed that the contents of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, cinnamic acid, salicylic acid, and benzoic acid did not change significantly during the DQ→GC process, remaining the same as in the DQ group; the contents of syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid showed a decreasing trend, but the changes were not significant (P>0.05).

[0105] (5) Morel mushroom production

[0106] The average density of morel fruiting bodies formed in the sample plots was approximately 48 per m². 2 The average weight of a single mushroom is approximately 10.92g, resulting in a yield of approximately 349.46kg / mu. The quality of morel mushrooms is widely distributed between grade two and grade three. Compared to the morel mushroom control plot, continuous cropping of American ginseng in the soil had no significant impact on the yield and quality of morel mushrooms.

[0107] Example 6

[0108] Effects of different soil types on seed germination rate and survival rate of American ginseng

[0109] Experimental materials: stubble soil samples (ck1) from soils that had never been planted with morel mushrooms or American ginseng, untreated soil samples from soils continuously cropped with American ginseng (ck2), soil samples from soils rotated with morel mushrooms for 1 year (1a), and soil samples from soils rotated with morel mushrooms for 2 years (2a). The crop rotation method was as described in Example 1.

[0110] Use 55cm×35cm×25cm breathable plastic baskets, each basket contains 20-22kg of soil sample, and each soil sample is replicated 3 times.

[0111] American ginseng seedling:

[0112] (1) Seed: Select mature and full American ginseng split seeds stored at 1-2°C.

[0113] (2) Sowing time: Late April to early May.

[0114] (3) Sowing method: Use "spot sowing method", make holes with fingers, hole depth 2.5-3 cm, put 1-2 seeds per hole, hole spacing 4 cm x 6 cm, after sowing, flatten the soil 3-5 cm, then cover with 2-3 cm thick wheat straw or sawdust to maintain appropriate humidity and prevent weed growth.

[0115] (4) Temperature, humidity, moisture and light management: Control the temperature at 18°C during seed germination, and control the temperature at 22°C after seedling germination; Maintain the relative humidity of the soil surface at about 80% during seedling emergence; Control the soil moisture at 30%-50% during seedling emergence; The light intensity is about 10%-15% before seed germination, and can be increased to 60%-70% after leaf formation.

[0116] Data statistics: American ginseng emergence and survival.

[0117] Emergence rate: About 1.5 months after sowing, investigate the number of seedlings after the seedlings are uniform, and the emergence rate% = (emergence number / sowing number) x 100.

[0118] Survival rate: Investigate the number of surviving seedlings in late May to early June, and the survival rate% = (survival number / sowing number) x 100.

[0119] Test results:

[0120] Table 2 American ginseng seed emergence rate in different soils

[0121]

[0122] As shown in Table 2 and Figure 7 , the emergence rate of American ginseng seeds in the American ginseng continuous cropping soil after rotation with Morchella, the soil not planted with American ginseng and Morchella, and the soil with American ginseng and Morchella is significantly higher than that in the untreated American ginseng continuous cropping soil.

[0123] Table 3 American ginseng seed survival rate in different soils

[0124]

[0125]

[0126] As shown in Table 3, the survival rate of American ginseng in the continuous cropping soil planted with one crop of Morchella is significantly higher than that in the continuous cropping soil planted with two crops of Morchella and the untreated American ginseng continuous cropping soil, but is still lower than that in the soil not planted with American ginseng and Morchella.

[0127] The above merely describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and it should be pointed out that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and refinements without departing from the principles of the present application, and these improvements and refinements should also be considered as falling within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for alleviating the obstacle of continuous cropping of American ginseng, characterized in that, After the American ginseng is harvested, morel mushrooms are planted in the soil where American ginseng has been continuously cropped. After the American ginseng is harvested, apply 180-220 g / m² of quicklime to the soil in cases of continuous cropping. 2 Plow and harrow the soil, then let it dry for 15-20 days; Before planting morel mushrooms, apply 15-20 g / m³ of mushroom substrate. 2 Potassium sulfate 8-15g / m 2 .

2. The method for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles in American ginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that, The morel mushrooms are grown in above-ground raised beds, with the beds being 80-120cm wide and 15-20cm high, surrounded by drainage ditches 30-40cm deep.

3. The method for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles in American ginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sowing rate of the morel mushroom cultivar is 350-450 g / m³. 2 Sow seeds on the raised bed and cover with 3-5cm of soil.

4. The method for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles in American ginseng according to claim 3, characterized in that, The morel mushroom spawn was obtained through a three-stage culture process, comprising: mother culture medium: 200g peeled potato, 18-20g glucose, 15-18g agar, 5g peptone, 5g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3g magnesium sulfate, 1000mL water, pH 6.8-7.2, moisture content 60%-65%; primary culture medium: 55%-60% wheat, 25%-30% sawdust, 10%-15% rice husks, 1%-1.5% gypsum, 1%-1.5% lime, pH 6.8-7.2, moisture content 60%-65%; spawn culture medium: 55%-60% wheat, 20%-25% sawdust, 10%-15% rice husks, 3%-5% humus, 1%-1.5% gypsum, 1%-1.5% lime, pH 6.8-7.2, moisture content 60%-65%.

5. The method for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles in American ginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that, Seven to ten days after the morel mushrooms are sown, place 3-5 nutrient bags per square meter on the seedbed. 2 The nutrient bag contains 60%-65% wheat, 20%-25% corn cob, 10%-15% rice husk, and has a moisture content of 35%-40%.

6. The method for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles in American ginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the growth period of the morel mushrooms, the ambient temperature is 15-18℃ and the humidity is 65%-85%.

7. The method for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles in American ginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes harvesting the morel mushrooms after they mature, and planting the next crop of American ginseng after tilling and leveling the ground.

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