A method for calculating and visualizing carbon emissions of a highway tunnel based on a digital model

Abstract

This invention proposes a method for calculating and visualizing carbon emissions from highway tunnels based on a digital model, comprising the following steps: S1: Defining the boundaries of carbon emission calculation for highway tunnels; S2: Establishing a digital model of the highway tunnel; S3: Defining the carbon emission calculation method for highway tunnels; S4: Rapidly calculating carbon emissions from highway tunnels based on the digital model; S5: Visualizing carbon emissions from highway tunnels. In this application, based on the construction characteristics of highway tunnels, the carbon emission boundaries of highway tunnels are first defined. Then, a carbon emission calculation method is defined based on the process bill of quantities analysis. Finally, the powerful tool of the digital model is used for rapid calculation of carbon emissions, and leveraging the intuitive advantages of the digital model, the carbon emissions of the tunnel are visualized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of carbon emission calculation, and in particular to a method for calculating and visualizing carbon emissions from highway tunnels based on a digital model. Background Technology

[0002] The construction of infrastructure generates significant amounts of greenhouse gases, and continued excessive carbon emissions can cause problems such as global warming, necessitating accurate assessment and reduction of carbon emissions. Compared to ordinary buildings, tunnels are considered infrastructure with higher energy and material density, resulting in a higher carbon emission density.

[0003] Carbon emissions during infrastructure construction refer to carbon dioxide emissions from the three stages of building material production, transportation, and on-site construction. The contribution of construction process carbon emissions to the total life-cycle carbon emissions of a building can vary significantly depending on the type and function of the building, as well as factors such as location, climate, and building size.

[0004] To address the conflict between traffic capacity and transportation demand, the scale of tunnel construction is constantly increasing. Since tunnels generally have long design lifespans, carbon emissions during the tunnel operation phase will account for the largest proportion of total life-cycle carbon emissions. In other words, compared to ordinary buildings, tunnels are considered infrastructure with higher energy and material density, resulting in higher carbon emission density. Although current research focuses on improving tunnel lighting and ventilation systems, and with the application of new energy and renewable energy technologies during tunnel operation, operational carbon emissions are trending downwards, the carbon emissions from the tunnel construction process are already determined upon completion. Therefore, neglecting carbon emissions during construction makes carbon reduction efforts for infrastructure like tunnels difficult to achieve. Thus, to achieve energy conservation, emission reduction, and low-carbon construction as soon as possible, an accurate assessment of the carbon emissions of highway tunnels is necessary.

[0005] There are two existing methods for calculating carbon emissions from highway tunnels, as detailed below:

[0006] Method 1: Drawing on the building life-cycle carbon emission calculation model and combining it with the characteristics of tunnel engineering, this paper presents a method for determining the carbon emission pathways and direct emission sources of tunnel products and their upstream products through theoretical analysis, and establishes a method for measuring greenhouse gas emissions during the tunnel construction phase.

[0007] (1) First, clarify the calculation boundary of tunnel carbon emissions and determine the calculation range of carbon emissions to be considered.

[0008] (2) Develop a reasonable carbon emission calculation method based on the characteristics of each stage of the tunnel.

[0009] (3) Construction of a carbon emission factor database. This involves collecting carbon emission factors from upstream materials and energy sources used in tunnel carbon emission calculations.

[0010] (4) Project quantity statistics. Based on the tunnel's survey and design data, construction data, technical manuals, etc., the quantities of various tunnel works are statistically calculated.

[0011] (5) Based on the calculation method in step (2), the calculation results of tunnel carbon emissions are obtained.

[0012] While this type of method can effectively calculate and assess tunnel carbon emissions, it relies heavily on manual statistical analysis of engineering quantities. The initial data collection requires significant effort from researchers, making it difficult to provide guidance during the early design phase of actual projects.

[0013] Method Two: Digital modeling technology is a data-driven tool applied to engineering design, construction, and management. It can save graphic information and material properties of building components, playing a significant role in improving production efficiency, saving costs, and shortening construction periods. Leveraging the advantages of digital models, the carbon emissions of a specific building can be calculated.

[0014] (1) Considering the basic assumptions, establish a formula for calculating carbon emissions.

[0015] (2) Combine the project information and use BIM modeling software to create the model.

[0016] (3) Use the BIM model to export the project's quantities.

[0017] (4) Calculate the carbon emissions of the project by combining the carbon emission factor database.

[0018] However, this framework is mainly applicable to carbon emission studies of ordinary buildings, and it only uses digital models to derive project lists. Subsequent calculations still require manual calculations, and the results are relatively abstract and lack visualization of the calculation results. Summary of the Invention

[0019] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for calculating and visualizing carbon emissions from highway tunnels based on digital models, which rapidly calculates the carbon emissions of tunnels and visualizes the results.

[0020] To achieve the above objectives, this invention proposes a method for calculating and visualizing carbon emissions from highway tunnels based on a digital model, comprising the following steps:

[0021] S1: Define the boundaries for calculating carbon emissions from highway tunnels;

[0022] S2: Establishment of digital model for highway tunnels:

[0023] S3: Definition of carbon emission calculation method for highway tunnels;

[0024] S4: Rapid calculation of carbon emissions from highway tunnels based on the aforementioned digital model;

[0025] S5: Visualization of carbon emissions from highway tunnels.

[0026] Furthermore, in step S1, the construction process of the highway tunnel is divided into three stages: material production stage, material transportation stage, and on-site construction stage, and the construction steps of the highway tunnel are determined.

[0027] In step S2, based on the digital model established by the construction steps, and defining the basic units required for each construction step, various parameters of the basic units are collected. The parameters of the basic units include material type, material volume, and carbon emission factor.

[0028] In step S3, formulas are established to calculate the carbon emissions of the material production stage, material transportation stage, on-site construction stage, and highway tunnel combined.

[0029] In step S4, based on the digital model, the carbon emissions for each stage and the total emissions are calculated respectively:

[0030] Based on the parameters of the basic unit, the material type is determined, and the volume and carbon emission factor of each material are extracted to calculate the carbon emissions during the material production stage.

[0031] Based on the parameters of the basic unit, the material types are grouped, and the transportation distance of each material type is counted to calculate the carbon emissions during the material transportation stage.

[0032] Extract and summarize the construction quantities for each construction step, and combine them with the energy consumption during the construction process to calculate the carbon emissions of the on-site construction phase.

[0033] The carbon emissions at each stage are integrated to obtain the total carbon emissions of the highway tunnel.

[0034] Furthermore, in step S1, the construction steps of the highway tunnel are divided into five steps in sequence: tunnel excavation, primary support, secondary support, pavement engineering, and construction of cable trenches and drainage ditches.

[0035] Furthermore, in step S1, the carbon emissions of the material production stage are based on the extraction and manufacturing of raw materials, the carbon emissions of the transportation stage are based on the fuel consumed during the transportation of raw materials to the construction site, and the carbon emissions of the construction stage are based on the fuel and electricity consumed during the construction process.

[0036] Furthermore, in step S3, the carbon emission calculation formula for the material production stage is as follows:

[0037]

[0038] Where: i is the type of material, mf i Let m be the carbon emission factor corresponding to material i. i Let i be the amount of material i consumed, and n be the number of materials involved in the subset.

[0039] The formula for calculating carbon emissions during the material transportation phase is as follows:

[0040]

[0041] Where: j is the material type, tf j L represents the carbon emission factor corresponding to the transportation mode of material j. j Let m be the transport distance of material j. j Let J be the amount of material j transported.

[0042] The formula for calculating carbon emissions during the on-site construction phase is as follows:

[0043]

[0044] Where: k represents the category of construction equipment, cf k M is the carbon emission factor corresponding to the energy consumed by construction equipment k. p M is the amount of work that construction equipment k needs to complete. k c is the amount of work completed by construction equipment k per unit time. k It is the energy consumption of construction equipment k per unit time;

[0045] The formula for calculating the total carbon emissions from the highway tunnels is as follows:

[0046] E em =E m +E t +E c

[0047] Among them: E em It is the total carbon emissions accumulated during the construction of highway tunnels, E m It refers to the carbon emissions during the raw material production stage, E t It refers to the carbon emissions during the material transportation phase, E c This refers to the carbon emissions during the on-site construction phase.

[0048] Furthermore, in step S5, a three-dimensional view is established based on the digital model, and color gradation is performed in the three-dimensional view according to the ratio of carbon emissions at each stage.

[0049] Compared with existing technologies, this invention, based on the construction characteristics of highway tunnels, first defines the carbon emission boundary of highway tunnels. Then, it defines a carbon emission calculation method based on process-oriented bill of quantities analysis. Finally, it utilizes the powerful tool of digital modeling to quickly calculate carbon emissions and, leveraging the intuitive advantages of digital modeling, provides a visual representation of the tunnel's carbon emissions.

[0050] The beneficial effects of this invention are mainly reflected in the following aspects: 1. Based on a digital model, a method for calculating carbon emissions from highway tunnels is defined. Following this method, batch processing operations such as parameter extraction and mathematical calculations are performed on the digital model to quickly obtain the tunnel's carbon emissions. 2. Leveraging the three-dimensional visualization advantage of the digital model, carbon emission results are mapped to colors according to certain rules, and each unit of the tunnel digital model is rendered to visualize carbon emissions. The carbon emissions per unit volume of tunnel components can be intuitively seen in the digital model.

[0051] Therefore, addressing the time-consuming and labor-intensive nature of compiling bills of quantities data, digital models—a data-driven tool applied to engineering design, construction, and management—are being utilized. Tunnel digital models effectively combine the 3D model of the project with various attribute parameters. Through carbon emission calculation theory and secondary development, rapid carbon emission calculations can be performed, significantly improving calculation efficiency and saving manpower and resources. Addressing the issue of fuzzy and abstract carbon emission calculations, the intuitive advantages of digital models allow for a visual representation of tunnel carbon emissions, clearly conveying the carbon emissions per unit volume of different components. This enables researchers to clearly understand the contribution of individual components to the overall carbon emissions of the project, guiding them to explore the potential for energy conservation and carbon reduction. Furthermore, the calculation results allow for a systematic analysis of the carbon emission characteristics of highway tunnels. Designers can use the visualization results to compare different solutions or adopt alternative structures or materials to reduce the project's carbon emissions. Attached Figure Description

[0052] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the method for calculating and visualizing carbon emissions from highway tunnels based on a digital model, as described in this invention.

[0053] Figure 2 This serves as the boundary for calculating carbon emissions during the construction of highway tunnels in this invention.

[0054] Figure 3 This is the basic unit of the digital model of highway tunnels in this invention;

[0055] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the basic unit of the digital model of a highway tunnel in this invention;

[0056] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the process for rapid calculation of carbon emissions from highway tunnels in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0057] The method for calculating and visualizing carbon emissions from highway tunnels based on a digital model, as described below, will be described in more detail with reference to the schematic diagrams, which illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can modify the invention described herein while still achieving its advantageous effects. Therefore, the following description should be understood as being of general knowledge to those skilled in the art and is not intended to limit the invention.

[0058] The invention is described more specifically by way of example in the following paragraphs with reference to the accompanying drawings. The advantages and features of the invention will become clearer from the following description. It should be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and use non-precise proportions, and are only used to facilitate and clarify the illustration of the embodiments of the invention.

[0059] The common approach to calculating carbon emissions involves obtaining the bill of materials and quantities for engineering projects, then combining this information with a carbon emission factor database to calculate the emissions. However, this process is time-consuming and labor-intensive, limiting carbon emission research for various types of infrastructure. Compared to ordinary buildings, tunnels have far more complex structures, including dozens of unique structural elements and processes. Tunnels consume various upstream building materials and energy products, which intersect and form individual tunnel components. If traditional calculation methods are continued, the efficiency of tunnel carbon emission assessment will be low, making it impossible to accurately assess and optimize tunnel carbon emissions in the early design stages.

[0060] To accurately calculate carbon emissions during tunnel construction, this invention first defines the carbon emission boundary for highway tunnels based on their construction characteristics. For carbon emission calculations, commonly used methods include process-based bill of quantities analysis and economic input-output analysis. This invention selects the process-based method, where data is more readily available. Addressing the time-consuming and labor-intensive nature of compiling bill of quantities data, this invention utilizes a powerful tool—digital modeling—for rapid carbon emission calculations, significantly improving computational efficiency. To address the issue of fuzzy and abstract carbon emissions, this invention leverages the intuitive advantages of digital models to provide a visual representation of tunnel carbon emissions. The calculation results allow for a systematic analysis of the carbon emission characteristics of highway tunnels.

[0061] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention proposes a method for calculating and visualizing carbon emissions from highway tunnels based on a digital model, comprising the following steps:

[0062] S1: Based on the definition of carbon emissions and the characteristics of highway tunnel construction, clarify the boundaries for calculating carbon emissions from highway tunnels;

[0063] like Figure 2 As shown, based on the definition of carbon emissions during highway tunnel construction, the construction process is divided into three stages when calculating carbon emissions: material production, material transportation, and on-site construction—a process from "cradle to service." Carbon emissions in the material production stage are based on the extraction and manufacturing of raw materials; carbon emissions in the transportation stage are based on the carbon emissions from fuel consumed during the transport of raw materials to the construction site; and carbon emissions in the construction stage are based on the carbon emissions from fuel and electricity consumed during the construction of the highway tunnel.

[0064] Based on the characteristics of highway tunnel construction, the construction steps for highway tunnels are determined. The construction steps are divided into tunnel excavation, primary support, secondary support, pavement engineering, and construction of cable trenches and drainage ditches.

[0065] S2: Establishment of digital model for highway tunnels:

[0066] like Figures 3 to 4 As shown, a digital model of a highway tunnel is established based on the construction steps of the highway tunnel, and the basic units required for each construction step are defined. Various parameters of the basic units are collected, including material type, material volume, carbon emission factor, etc., to improve the relevant parameters in the digital model for subsequent carbon emission calculation. That is, the various basic units constitute a complete digital model of the highway tunnel.

[0067] S3: Definition of carbon emission calculation method for highway tunnels;

[0068] Establish separate formulas for calculating carbon emissions during the material production stage, material transportation stage, on-site construction stage, and the sum of emissions from highway tunnels;

[0069] The formula for calculating carbon emissions during the materials production stage is as follows:

[0070]

[0071] Where: i is the type of material, mf i Let m be the carbon emission factor corresponding to material i. i Let i be the amount of material i consumed, and n be the number of materials involved in the subset.

[0072] The formula for calculating carbon emissions during the material transportation phase is as follows:

[0073]

[0074] Where: j is the material type, tf j L represents the carbon emission factor corresponding to the transportation mode of material j. j Let m be the transport distance of material j.j Let J be the amount of material j transported.

[0075] The formula for calculating carbon emissions during the on-site construction phase is as follows:

[0076]

[0077] Where: k represents the category of construction equipment, cf k M is the carbon emission factor corresponding to the energy consumed by construction equipment k. p M is the amount of work that construction equipment k needs to complete. k c is the amount of work completed by construction equipment k per unit time. k It is the energy consumption of construction equipment k per unit time;

[0078] The formula for calculating the total carbon emissions of highway tunnels is as follows:

[0079] E em =E m +E t +E c

[0080] Among them: E em It is the total carbon emissions accumulated during the construction of highway tunnels, E m It refers to the carbon emissions during the raw material production stage, E t It refers to the carbon emissions during the material transportation phase, E c This refers to the carbon emissions during the on-site construction phase.

[0081] S4: Rapid calculation of carbon emissions from highway tunnels based on digital models;

[0082] like Figure 5 As shown, based on the secondary development of the digital model, the carbon emissions at each stage and the total emissions are calculated separately:

[0083] Regarding carbon emissions in the material production stage, based on the parameters of the basic units, the material type of each basic unit in the digital model is determined, and the parameters of each material volume and carbon emission factor are extracted in order to calculate the carbon emissions in the material production stage.

[0084] Regarding carbon emissions during the material transportation phase, the materials are grouped according to their type based on the parameters of the basic unit, and the transportation distance for each material type is statistically analyzed to calculate the carbon emissions during the material transportation phase.

[0085] To address carbon emissions during the on-site construction phase, the construction quantities for each construction step are extracted and summarized, and the energy consumption during the construction process is summarized in conjunction with the "Highway Engineering Budget Quota" to calculate the carbon emissions during the on-site construction phase.

[0086] Finally, the carbon emissions at each stage are aggregated and integrated to obtain the total carbon emissions of the output highway tunnel.

[0087] S5: Visualization of carbon emission results for highway tunnels;

[0088] Color zones are defined within the digital model, and carbon emission values ​​are correlated with these color zones. Based on the carbon emission per unit volume of the highway tunnel, color rendering is performed in the 3D view of the digital model. In other words, a 3D view is built based on the digital model, and color zones are rendered in the 3D view according to the ratio of carbon emissions at each stage. Based on the visualized carbon emissions, engineering designers can intuitively see which parts of the tunnel have higher carbon emissions, facilitating subsequent design optimization studies.

[0089] In summary, this embodiment proposes a method for calculating and visualizing carbon emissions from highway tunnels based on digital models. First, it defines the carbon emission boundaries of highway tunnels according to their construction characteristics. Then, it defines the carbon emission calculation method based on process-oriented bill of quantities analysis. Finally, it utilizes the powerful tool of digital models for rapid carbon emission calculation and leverages the intuitive advantages of digital models to visualize the tunnel's carbon emissions.

[0090] Therefore, addressing the time-consuming and labor-intensive nature of compiling bills of quantities data, digital models—a data-driven tool applied to engineering design, construction, and management—are being utilized. Tunnel digital models effectively combine the 3D model of the project with various attribute parameters. Through carbon emission calculation theory and secondary development, rapid carbon emission calculations can be performed, significantly improving calculation efficiency and saving manpower and resources. Addressing the issue of fuzzy and abstract carbon emission calculations, the intuitive advantages of digital models allow for a visual representation of tunnel carbon emissions, clearly conveying the carbon emissions per unit volume of different components. This enables researchers to clearly understand the contribution of individual components to the overall carbon emissions of the project, guiding them to explore the potential for energy conservation and carbon reduction. Furthermore, the calculation results allow for a systematic analysis of the carbon emission characteristics of highway tunnels. Designers can use the visualization results to compare different solutions or adopt alternative structures or materials to reduce the project's carbon emissions.

[0091] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not constitute any limitation on the present invention. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions and content disclosed in the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall be deemed to have remained within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for calculating and visualizing carbon emissions from highway tunnels based on a digital model, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Define the boundaries for calculating carbon emissions from highway tunnels; S2: Establishment of digital model for highway tunnels: S3: Definition of carbon emission calculation method for highway tunnels; S4: Rapid calculation of carbon emissions from highway tunnels based on the aforementioned digital model; S5: Visualization of carbon emissions from highway tunnels; In step S1, the construction process of the highway tunnel is divided into three stages: material production stage, material transportation stage, and on-site construction stage, and the construction steps of the highway tunnel are determined. In step S2, based on the digital model established by the construction steps, and defining the basic units required for each construction step, various parameters of the basic units are collected. The parameters of the basic units include material type, material volume, and carbon emission factor. In step S3, formulas are established to calculate the carbon emissions of the material production stage, material transportation stage, on-site construction stage, and highway tunnel combined. The formula for calculating carbon emissions during the material production stage is as follows: ； in: For the type of material, For materials The corresponding carbon emission factor, For materials Consumption amount, The number of materials involved in the subset; The formula for calculating carbon emissions during the material transportation phase is as follows: ； in: For the type of material, For materials Carbon emission factors corresponding to transportation methods For materials The transportation distance For materials The volume of transport; The formula for calculating carbon emissions during the on-site construction phase is as follows: ； in: Category of construction equipment For construction equipment The carbon emission factor corresponding to energy consumption is construction equipment. The amount of work to be completed, Construction equipment The amount of work completed per unit of time. It is the energy consumption of construction equipment per unit time; The formula for calculating the total carbon emissions from the highway tunnels is as follows: ； in: This is the total carbon emissions accumulated during the construction of highway tunnels. It refers to the carbon emissions during the raw material production stage. This refers to carbon emissions during the material transportation phase. This refers to the carbon emissions during the on-site construction phase. In step S4, based on the digital model, the carbon emissions for each stage and the total emissions are calculated respectively: Based on the parameters of the basic unit, the material type is determined, and the volume and carbon emission factor of each material are extracted to calculate the carbon emissions during the material production stage. Based on the parameters of the basic unit, the material types are grouped, and the transportation distance of each material type is counted to calculate the carbon emissions during the material transportation stage. Extract and summarize the construction quantities for each construction step, and combine them with the energy consumption during the construction process to calculate the carbon emissions of the on-site construction phase. The carbon emissions at each stage are integrated to obtain the total carbon emissions of the highway tunnel.

2. The method for calculating and visualizing carbon emissions from highway tunnels based on a digital model according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the construction steps of the highway tunnel are divided into five steps in sequence: tunnel excavation, primary support, secondary support, pavement engineering, and construction of cable trenches and drainage ditches.

3. The method for calculating and visualizing carbon emissions from highway tunnels based on a digital model according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, carbon emissions in the material production stage are based on the extraction and manufacturing of raw materials, carbon emissions in the transportation stage are based on the fuel consumed during the transportation of raw materials to the construction site, and carbon emissions in the construction stage are based on the fuel and electricity consumed during the construction process.

4. The method for calculating and visualizing carbon emissions from highway tunnels based on a digital model according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, a three-dimensional view is established based on the digital model, and color gradation is performed in the three-dimensional view according to the ratio of carbon emissions at each stage.

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