Whole plant sweet potato bio-fermented feed for pigs and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of whole plant sweet potato bio-fermentation feed for pig and a preparation method thereof.The application comprises the following steps: bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Lactobacillus and lactobacillus are respectively expanded in liquid fermentation tank The bacterial solution obtained after culture is frozen and dried and counted, the bacterial powder is mixed according to a certain proportion, and after dilution by adding water and sugar, it is added to the fermentation bag containing crushed whole plant sweet potato, and corn cob powder is used as an auxiliary material to adjust the moisture content, and after pressure exhaust, the bio-fermentation feed is prepared after fermentation at 15-28℃ for 15-20 days.The whole plant sweet potato bio-fermentation feed prepared by the application can improve the utilization rate of sweet potato raw materials, and the vitamin content is rich, and the pork quality can be significantly improved when added to the growth-fattening pig feed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of silage, in particular to a whole-plant sweet potato bio-fermented feed for pigs and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Sweet potato is a high-yield and stable crop. Due to its wide adaptability, strong stress resistance, drought tolerance and other biological characteristics, it has become an excellent crop for comprehensive management and development of saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Delta. Sweet potato and sweet potato stalks have high nutritional and health values and are high-quality feed materials in pig production. However, due to the high salt content, low starch content and poor palatability of sweet potato in saline-alkali land, the feeding value is greatly reduced. Silage has the advantages of good palatability, high feed conversion rate, rich nutrition and promotion of the proliferation of intestinal beneficial bacteria, so fermentation of whole-plant sweet potato is an effective method to improve the nutritional characteristics and feeding value of sweet potato.

[0003] Invention patent CN102934736B discloses a preparation method of sweet potato skin or sweet potato powder residue fermented feed. The fermented feed is mainly composed of fresh sweet potato skin or sweet potato residue, adsorbent, cake meal, urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida, lactic acid bacteria, etc. Feeding the fermented feed can reduce breeding costs, increase breeding benefits, reduce the input of enzyme preparations and protein feed costs, and improve productivity.

[0004] Invention patent CN112970957A discloses a sweet potato residue fermented feed for piglets and a preparation method thereof. The fermented feed is made from the following raw materials by weight percentage: soybean meal 25-35%, sweet potato residue 45-55%, bran 15-23%, (NH4)2SO4 1.5-2.5%, glucose 0.4-0.6%, KH2PO4 0.3-0.5%, MnSO4 0.1-0.2%. The composite live bacteria preparation used is composed of Lactobacillus, Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This bio-fermentation technology is of great significance for developing sweet potato residue bio-fermented feed and alleviating the current shortage of feed resources.

[0005] Invention patent CN114468127A discloses a method for fermenting sweet potato residue with probiotics and its application. The method recovers four kinds of probiotics, namely Candida utilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecalis, and then performs liquid fermentation to obtain four kinds of fermentation seed liquids. After mixing, the fermentation seed liquids are inoculated into sweet potato residue, and finally fermented at 28-32℃ for 1-7d to obtain fermented sweet potato residue. The method can increase the contents of nutrients, anti-nutrients and beneficial substances in sweet potato residue and prolong the storage time of sweet potato residue.

[0006] However, there is no report on the use of microecological preparation to ferment whole-plant sweet potato to prepare bio-fermented feed for improving pork quality. SUMMARY

[0007] In view of the above deficiencies of the prior art, the present application aims to provide a whole-plant sweet potato bio-fermented feed for pigs and a preparation method thereof.

[0008] Laiwu pig is a fine pig breed in Shandong Province, with the characteristics of excellent meat quality, high estrus rate and high reproductive ability. Recent studies have shown that microbial flora is closely related to host immune function, glycolipid metabolism and hormone secretion. Our laboratory has also found that compared with external three-element commercial pigs, Laiwu pig feces has higher abundance of Bifidobacterium, Lachnospira, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Lactobacillus, and the abundance of the flora is significantly positively correlated with pork quality. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are important beneficial bacteria in the intestine, which can improve the intestinal health of the host by reducing the pH value of the intestine and competitively inhibiting the colonization of harmful bacteria. Lachnospira and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii are involved in the metabolism of various carbohydrates, and the fermentation products acetic acid and butyric acid can provide energy for the host and regulate the fat metabolism of the host, thereby affecting the muscle fat content.

[0009] The present application utilizes Bifidobacterium, Lachnospira, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Lactobacillus to ferment whole-plant sweet potatoes, which can improve the feeding value of sweet potatoes and help improve pork quality.

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0011] In a first aspect of the present application, a preparation method of a whole-plant sweet potato bio-fermented feed for pigs is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0012] Mixing Bifidobacterium, Lachnospira, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Lactobacillus powders to obtain a mixed bacteria powder, and diluting the mixed bacteria powder with water and sugar to obtain a mixed bacteria solution; using whole-plant sweet potatoes and corn cobs as fermentation substrates, inoculating the mixed bacteria solution, adjusting the water content of the fermentation substrates, and then fermenting at 15-28℃ for 15-20 days after pressure exhaust to prepare a whole-plant sweet potato bio-fermented feed for pigs.

[0013] Preferably, the viable count of the Bifidobacterium powder is greater than or equal to 1×10 9 CFU·g -1 , the viable count of the Lachnospira powder is greater than or equal to 3×10 8 CFU·g -1 , the viable count of the Faecalibacterium prausnitzii powder is greater than or equal to 1×10 9 CFU·g -1 , and the viable count of the Lactobacillus powder is greater than or equal to 2×10 9 CFU·g -1 .

[0014] Preferably, the weight ratio of the Bifidobacterium powder, Lactobacillus powder, Clostridium leptum powder and Lactobacillus powder is 1: (0.5-2): (1-2.5): (1-3).

[0015] Preferably, the sugar is brown sugar, and the weight ratio of water, brown sugar and mixed bacteria powder during dilution is (2-5) kg: (40-50) g: 50 g.

[0016] Preferably, the weight ratio of the mixed bacteria solution and fermentation substrate is (3-6): (26-30).

[0017] Preferably, during fermentation, the weight ratio of whole sweet potato and corn cob is 25: (1-5), the water content of the fermentation substrate is 65%-70%, and the pressure is 0.6 MPa.

[0018] In the second aspect of the present application, the pig whole sweet potato bio-fermented feed prepared by the above preparation method is provided.

[0019] In the third aspect of the present application, the pig whole sweet potato bio-fermented feed is used to improve the quality of pork.

[0020] Preferably, the method for using the pig whole sweet potato bio-fermented feed to improve the quality of pork comprises the following steps:

[0021] The pig whole sweet potato bio-fermented feed is added to the growth-fattening pig feed, and the addition amount is 5%-10% of the weight of the growth-fattening pig feed.

[0022] The present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] (1) The palatability and nutritional characteristics of whole sweet potato can be improved by bio-fermentation, and the feeding value is improved;

[0024] (2) The bacteria used in bio-fermented feed are all endogenous beneficial microorganisms in pigs, which are easy to colonize in the intestinal tract of pigs and do not cause adverse effects on the health of pigs, and have no toxic side effects in long-term application;

[0025] (3) The quality of pork can be significantly improved, thereby improving the efficiency of pig raising. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as generally understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs.

[0027] The whole sweet potato used in the following examples and comparative examples is harvested before frost and is sweet potato with stems and sweet potato stalks intact.

[0028] In the following examples, the bifidobacterium used was purchased from China Industrial Microbial Culture Collection Center, with strain number CICC 6165; the Lactobacillus was purchased from Mufan Bioengineering, with strain number MF-009479; the Clostridium leptum was purchased from Microbial Strain Query Network, with strain number Bio-74434; and the Lactobacillus was purchased from China Industrial Microbial Culture Collection Center, with strain number CICC 23941.

[0029] The bifidobacterium was inoculated in a liquid culture tank for expansion culture to obtain a bacterial liquid, and freeze-drying was performed to obtain a bifidobacterium powder, with a viable bacterial count of 1 x 10 9 CFU·g -1 The culture medium formula of the bifidobacterium was as follows: acid hydrolyzed casein 10 g / L, soybean peptone 5 g / L, yeast extract powder 2.5 g / L, glucose 15 g / L, L-cysteine 0.5 g / L, potassium phosphate dibasic 2 g / L, magnesium chloride 0.5 g / L, calcium chloride 0.15 g / L, zinc chloride 0.000001 g / L, Tween 80 1 g / L, pH was adjusted to 6.7, and distilled water was used to make up to 1 L.

[0030] The Lactobacillus was inoculated in a liquid culture tank for expansion culture to obtain a bacterial liquid, and freeze-drying was performed to obtain a bacterial powder, with a viable bacterial count of 2 x 10 8 CFU·g -1 The culture medium formula of the Lactobacillus was as follows: beef extract 10 g, yeast powder 5 g, peptone 10 g, potassium phosphate dibasic 2 g, diammonium citrate 2.0 g, sodium acetate 5.0 g, magnesium sulfate 0.58 g, manganese sulfate 0.25 g, Tween-80 1 mL, agar 20 g, and distilled water 1 L.

[0031] The Clostridium leptum was inoculated in a liquid culture tank for expansion culture to obtain a bacterial liquid, and freeze-drying was performed to obtain a bacterial powder, with a viable bacterial count of 1 x 10 9 CFU·g -1 The culture medium formula of the Clostridium leptum was as follows: tryptone 10 g / L; beef extract 10 g / L; glucose 5 g / L; sodium chloride 5 g / L; yeast extract 3 g / L; sodium acetate 3 g / L; soluble starch 1 g / L; L-cysteine hydrochloride 0.5 g / L, and distilled water was used to make up to 1 L.

[0032] The Lactobacillus was inoculated in a liquid culture tank for expansion culture to obtain a bacterial liquid, and freeze-drying was performed to obtain a bacterial powder, with a viable bacterial count of 2 x 10 9 CFU·g -1The culture medium formula for Lactobacillus is as follows: lactose 3%, peptone 1.5%, soybean peptone 2%, beef extract 3%, peptone 2%, Tween 80 0.1%, dipotassium phosphate 0.2%, sodium acetate 0.5%, ammonium citrate 0.2%, magnesium sulfate 0.058%, manganese sulfate 0.025%, and distilled water 1L.

[0033] Example 1: Preparation of whole-plant sweet potato bio-fermented feed for pigs

[0034] Bifidobacterium, Trichophyton spp., Clostridium tenuifolium, and Lactobacillus were mixed in a weight ratio of 1:0.5:1:1 to obtain 50g of mixed bacterial powder. This mixed bacterial powder was diluted with 2kg of water and 40g of sugar to obtain a mixed bacterial solution. 25kg of crushed fresh whole sweet potato and 3kg of corn cob were used as fermentation substrate. The mixed bacterial solution was inoculated, the moisture content of the fermentation substrate was adjusted to 65%, and the pressure was increased to 0.6MPa. After degassing, the mixture was fermented anaerobically at 15℃ for 15 days to produce bio-fermented feed.

[0035] Example 2: Preparation of whole-plant sweet potato bio-fermented feed for pigs

[0036] Bifidobacterium, Trichophyton spp., Clostridium tenuifolium, and Lactobacillus were mixed in a weight ratio of 1:1:2:2 to obtain 50g of mixed bacterial powder. This mixed bacterial powder was diluted with 3kg of water and 45g of sugar to obtain a mixed bacterial solution. 25kg of crushed fresh whole sweet potato and 3kg of corn cob were used as fermentation substrate. The mixed bacterial solution was inoculated, the moisture content of the fermentation substrate was adjusted to 68%, and the pressure was increased to 0.6MPa. After degassing, the mixture was fermented anaerobically at 20℃ for 17 days to produce bio-fermented feed.

[0037] Example 3: Preparation of whole-plant sweet potato bio-fermented feed for pigs

[0038] Bifidobacterium, Trichophyton spp., Clostridium tenuifolium, and Lactobacillus were mixed in a weight ratio of 1:2:2.5:3 to obtain 50g of mixed bacterial powder. This mixed bacterial powder was diluted with 2kg of water and 40g of sugar to obtain a mixed bacterial solution. 25kg of crushed fresh whole sweet potato and 3kg of corn cob were used as fermentation substrate. The mixed bacterial solution was inoculated, the moisture content of the fermentation substrate was adjusted to 70%, and the pressure was increased to 0.6MPa. After degassing, the mixture was fermented anaerobically at 28℃ for 20 days to produce bio-fermented feed.

[0039] Comparative Example 1:

[0040] The bio-fermented feed was prepared according to the steps of Example 1, except that the mixed bacterial powder was replaced with Bifidobacterium powder; the remaining steps were the same as in Example 1.

[0041] Comparative Example 2:

[0042] The bio-fermented feed was prepared according to the steps of Example 1, except that the mixed bacterial powder was replaced with Mycorrhizal fungal powder; the remaining steps were the same as in Example 1.

[0043] Comparative Example 3:

[0044] The bio-fermented feed was prepared according to the procedure of Example 1, except that the mixed bacteria powder was replaced by Clostridium lentopopulosum powder; the remaining steps were the same as those of Example 1.

[0045] Comparative Example 4:

[0046] The bio-fermented feed was prepared according to the procedure of Example 1, except that the mixed bacteria powder was replaced by Lactobacillus powder; the remaining steps were the same as those of Example 1.

[0047] Test Example:

[0048] (1) Test Method

[0049] A growth-fattening pig feeding test was conducted, and 60 healthy and body condition close growing pigs were selected. The test was divided into 6 groups, 10 pigs in each group, and the feeding test lasted for 30 days. The pigs were fed three times a day, and the daily feeding amount was 2 kg. The specific grouping method was as follows:

[0050] The control group was fed with the basic feed;

[0051] The test group 1 was fed with the basic feed added with the bio-fermented feed prepared in Example 1, and the addition amount was 5% of the weight of the basic feed;

[0052] The test group 2 was fed with the basic feed added with the bio-fermented feed prepared in Comparative Example 1, and the addition amount was 5% of the weight of the basic feed;

[0053] The test group 3 was fed with the basic feed added with the bio-fermented feed prepared in Comparative Example 2, and the addition amount was 5% of the weight of the basic feed;

[0054] The test group 4 was fed with the basic feed added with the bio-fermented feed prepared in Comparative Example 3, and the addition amount was 5% of the weight of the basic feed;

[0055] The test group 5 was fed with the basic feed added with the bio-fermented feed prepared in Comparative Example 4, and the addition amount was 5% of the weight of the basic feed;

[0056] After the test was completed, the pigs were slaughtered and sampled, and the data of the control group was taken as the benchmark to determine the change range of the loin eye area, marbling index and drip loss of the longissimus dorsi muscle of the test groups, and the results were averaged.

[0057] The pig feed formula (%) was as follows: corn 66.0, soybean meal 12.0, wheat bran 10.0, flaxseed 10.0, calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.4, stone powder 0.9, salt 0.3, lysine (98%) 0.2, choline chloride (50%) 0.1, vitamin E (50% active) 0.04, zeolite 0.06, and the total was 100.0.

[0058] (2) Test results and analysis

[0059] Table 1: Test results

[0060] Group Eye muscle area, cm 2 ]]> Marble pattern index Dripping loss, % Control group 36.4 2 2.36 Test group 1 46.7 3.3 0.99 Test group 2 38.1 2.4 1.94 Test group 3 37.4 2.2 2.23 Test group 4 38.9 2.5 2.04 Test group 5 37.6 2.4 2.16

[0061] From the above results, it can be seen that the eye muscle area and marbling index of test group 1 are higher than those of test groups 2-5, and the drip loss of test group 1 is lower than that of test groups 2-5, indicating that the lean meat rate of pigs in test group 1 is the highest, and the meat quality is significantly improved.

[0062] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and changes to the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a whole-plant sweet potato bio-fermented feed for pigs, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: The bacteria powder of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Lactobacillus and Clostridium is mixed to obtain mixed bacteria powder, and water and sugar are added to dilute the mixed bacteria powder to obtain mixed bacteria liquid; whole sweet potato and corn cob are used as fermentation material, the mixed bacteria liquid is inoculated, the moisture content of the fermentation material is adjusted, and the fermentation material is fermented at 15-28℃ for 15-20 days after pressure exhaust to prepare whole sweet potato bio-fermented feed for pigs; The viable cell number of the Bifidobacterium powder used is greater than or equal to 1 x 10 9 CFU.g -1 The viable cell number of the Lactobacillus powder used is greater than or equal to 2 x 10 8 CFU.g -1 The viable cell number of the Lactobacillus powder used is greater than or equal to 2 x 10 9 CFU.g -1 The viable cell number of the Lactobacillus powder used is greater than or equal to 2 x 10 9 CFU.g -1 ; The weight ratio of the Bifidobacterium bacteria powder, Lactobacillus bacteria powder, Lactobacillus bacteria powder and Clostridium bacteria powder is 1:(0.5-2):(1-2.5):(1-3); The Bifidobacterium used is from China Industrial Microbial Strain Preservation and Management Center, and the strain number is CICC 6165; the Lactobacillus used is Lactobacillus from China Industrial Microbial Strain Preservation and Management Center, and the strain number is CICC 23941.

2. The production method according to claim 1, characterized by, The sugar is brown sugar, and the weight ratio of water, brown sugar and mixed bacteria powder during dilution is (2-5) kg:(40-50) g:50 g.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The weight ratio of the mixed bacteria liquid and the fermentation material is (3-6):(26-30).

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, During fermentation, the weight ratio of whole sweet potato and corn cob is 25:(1-5), the water content of the fermentation material is 65%-70%, and the pressure is 0.6 MPa.

5. The whole sweet potato bio-fermented feed for pigs prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-4.

6. The use of the whole sweet potato bio-fermented feed for pigs of claim 5 in improving pork quality.

7. The sweet potato whole plant bio-fermented feed for pigs according to claim 6, characterized in that, The application method comprises the following steps: The whole sweet potato bio-fermented feed for pigs of claim 5 is added to the growing-fattening pig feed, and the addition amount is 5%-10% of the weight of the growing-fattening pig feed. The application method comprises the following steps: The whole sweet potato bio-fermented feed for pigs of claim 5 is added to the growing-fattening pig feed, and the addition amount is 5%-10% of the weight of the growing-fattening pig feed.