A composite processing apparatus and method

Abstract

This disclosure provides a composite machining apparatus and method, relating to the field of machining. The composite machining apparatus includes a clamping and moving station, a laser processing station, and a rotary ultrasonic processing station. The clamping and moving station is used to carry the workpiece, and can adjust the machining angle of the workpiece and move the workpiece to a subsequent station according to a preset trajectory. The laser processing station is located beside the clamping and moving station and is used to perform continuous laser pre-drilling on the workpiece moved by the clamping and moving station, and to determine the thickness of the recast layer, heat-affected zone, and microcrack damage layer of the pre-drilled hole. The rotary ultrasonic processing station is located beside the laser processing station and is used to grind the damage layer thickness of the pre-drilled hole. This solution enables fine machining of the pre-drilled hole, improving the accuracy of the finishing process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of laser processing of hard and brittle materials, and in particular to a laser-rotational-ultrasonic composite processing device and method for hard and brittle materials. Background Technology

[0002] Hard and brittle materials refer to difficult-to-process materials with characteristics such as high hardness and high brittleness. Typical hard and brittle materials include glass, ceramics and ceramic matrix composites. Due to their high wear resistance, high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance, they have broad application prospects in fields such as optics, aerospace, nuclear energy and transportation.

[0003] However, it is precisely because of the high hardness and brittleness of hard and brittle materials that they are difficult to process. Currently, the main methods used for processing hard and brittle materials include machining, ultrasonic-assisted machining, and electrical discharge machining. Machining includes grinding and milling, which results in poor surface quality and severe tool wear. Ultrasonic-assisted machining is similar to machining, also suffering from tool wear. Electrical discharge machining requires certain electrical conductivity of the material and also presents problems such as electrode wear and exothermic cracking.

[0004] Laser processing, as a non-contact processing method, does not involve mechanical stress. However, due to the large heat energy input during laser processing, defects such as thermal cracks, recast layers, and oxide layers are easily generated on the processed surface, making it difficult to meet application requirements.

[0005] Therefore, in order to alleviate the above problems, there is an urgent need for a composite processing device that can provide finishing. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This disclosure provides a composite processing apparatus and method to at least solve the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0007] According to a first aspect of this disclosure, a composite processing apparatus is provided, comprising: a clamping and moving station, a laser processing station, and a rotary ultrasonic processing station. The clamping and moving station is used to carry a workpiece, and is capable of adjusting the processing angle of the workpiece and moving the workpiece to a subsequent station according to a preset trajectory. The laser processing station is located next to the clamping and moving station and is used to perform continuous laser pre-drilling on the workpiece moved by the clamping and moving station, and to determine the thickness of the recast layer, heat-affected zone, and microcrack damage layer of the pre-drilled hole. The rotary ultrasonic processing station is located next to the laser processing station and is used to grind the damage layer thickness of the pre-drilled hole.

[0008] In one embodiment, the laser processing station includes: a motor lead screw module, a continuous laser mounted on the motor lead screw module, and a laser processing head connected to the optical path of the continuous laser. The motor lead screw module is used to drive the continuous laser and the laser processing head to a pre-processing position, and the continuous laser is used to control the laser processing head to align with the pre-processing position to process the pre-made hole.

[0009] In one embodiment, the composite processing device further includes a control system; the laser processing station further includes a CCD imaging system, which is installed on the motor lead screw module and is used to acquire real-time images of the workpiece position and the status of the pre-drilled hole.

[0010] The control system is signal-connected to the CCD imaging system, and the control system is also signal-connected to the motor lead screw module and the continuous laser.

[0011] In one embodiment, the rotary ultrasonic processing station includes: an ultrasonic generator, an ultrasonic transducer electrically connected to the ultrasonic generator, and an amplitude transformer connected to the ultrasonic transducer.

[0012] The amplitude transformer has multiple interchangeable cutting tools. The control system is electrically connected to the ultrasonic generator, the ultrasonic transducer, the amplitude transformer, and each of the cutting tools. The control system is used to control the ultrasonic output parameters and the machining parameters of each cutting tool.

[0013] In one embodiment, the clamping and moving station includes a support platform, a rotating platform fixedly disposed above the support platform, an adjustable fixture located above the rotating platform, and an annular guide rail for supporting the support platform. The adjustable fixture is used to clamp the workpiece and to adjust the clamping angle of the fixture, and the annular guide rail is used to provide a moving path for the support platform.

[0014] In one embodiment, the clamping and moving station further includes an infrared positioning module, which is electrically connected to the control system. The infrared positioning module is used to identify whether the carrier platform has been precisely moved to the laser processing station or the rotary ultrasonic processing station.

[0015] In one embodiment, the rotary ultrasonic machining station is equipped with a quick-change assembly, which includes a rotatable fixture. The rotatable fixture includes a clamping position, and different cutting tools are configured in the clamping position. The control system is configured with the cutting tool parameters of each cutting tool. The rotatable fixture can switch and match the corresponding cutting tool according to the control signal of the control system.

[0016] In one embodiment, the clamping moving station, the laser processing station, and the rotary ultrasonic processing station are independent of each other, and the three are located on the side of the annular guide rail.

[0017] According to a second aspect of this disclosure, a composite processing method is also provided, the method comprising:

[0018] Initial position: clamp the workpiece in the clamping moving station;

[0019] The clamping and moving station moves the workpiece to the laser processing station;

[0020] The laser processing station performs laser pre-drilling on the workpiece and determines the thickness of the recast layer, heat-affected zone, and microcrack damage layer of the pre-drilled hole.

[0021] Move the clamping station to the rotary ultrasonic machining station;

[0022] The rotary ultrasonic machining station is equipped with a tool to perform grinding and finishing on the pre-made hole;

[0023] The clamping and moving station moves to the initial position.

[0024] In one possible implementation, at least one pre-formed hole is provided.

[0025] The composite machining apparatus and method disclosed herein employ a clamping and moving station, which can be set with movement time and different distances according to machining requirements. Multiple clamping and moving stations can also be added as needed to achieve efficient machining of multiple workpieces. The clamping and moving station can adjust the workpiece at different angles and positions, enabling machining of the workpiece at a certain angle. The continuous laser pre-drilled hole at the laser machining station has the characteristics of high power and fast response speed. Continuous laser machining may form defects such as damage layers, reducing the difficulty of machining hard and brittle materials. With the help of rotary ultrasonic grinding and common-position grinding, ductile machining of the pre-drilled hole can be achieved. This apparatus combines laser and rotary ultrasonic composite machining, which can combine the advantages of both machining methods to achieve efficient and high-quality machining.

[0026] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of this disclosure, nor is it intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Other features of this disclosure will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of this disclosure will become readily apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Several embodiments of this disclosure are illustrated in the drawings by way of example and not limitation, in which:

[0028] In the accompanying drawings, the same or corresponding reference numerals indicate the same or corresponding parts.

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the axonal structure of the composite processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0030] Figure 2 A top view of the composite processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0031] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the clamping and moving station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0032] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the laser processing station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0033] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of the rotating ultrasonic machining station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0034] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the processing area of ​​the laser-pre-drilled hole according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0035] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the rotary ultrasonic pre-hole processing area according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0036] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the laser pre-milling processing area according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0037] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of rotary ultrasonic machining for precision finishing of laser pre-milled surfaces is shown in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0038] Explanation of the labels in the diagram:

[0039] 10-Worktable; 20-Clamping and moving station; 30-Laser processing station; 40-Rotary ultrasonic processing station; 50-Tool magazine; 60-Quick change assembly; 70-Circular guide rail; 80-Infrared positioning module; 90-CCD imaging system; 21-Pulley; 22-Bearing platform; 23-Rotary platform; 24-Adjustable fixture; 31-Laser processing head; 32-Cooler; 33-Continuous laser; 34-Fiber optic cable; 35-Coolant passage; 36-Motor lead screw module; 37-Gas cylinder; 38-Gas passage; 41-Tool; 42-Cooling passage; 43-Secondary cooler; 44-Ultrasonic generator; 45-Ultrasonic signal transmission passage; 46-Motor module; 47-Power transmission mechanism; 48-Transducer; 49-Amplitude bar. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of this disclosure more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this disclosure, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this disclosure without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0041] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "over," "on the upper surface of," and "above" are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship between one or more components or features shown in the figures and other components or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms include not only the orientation of the component as depicted in the figures but also different orientations during use or operation. For example, if the components in the figures are inverted as a whole, "above" or "above other components or features" will include cases where the component is "below" or "under" other components or features. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." Furthermore, these components or features may also be positioned at other different angles (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or other angles), and this document intends to include all such cases.

[0042] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular implementations only and is not intended to limit the exemplary implementations according to this disclosure. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms “comprising” and / or “including” are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, parts, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0043] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification, claims, and drawings of this disclosure are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this disclosure described herein can be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0044] In the description of this disclosure, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by directional terms is usually based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this disclosure and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this disclosure; the directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0045] For materials with high hardness and brittleness, machining, including grinding and milling, results in poor surface quality and severe tool wear. Ultrasonic-assisted machining is similar to machining, also suffering from tool wear. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) requires certain electrical conductivity of the material and suffers from electrode wear and exothermic cracking. While existing laser processing, as a non-contact method, eliminates mechanical stress, the large heat input during laser processing easily leads to defects such as thermal cracks, recast layers, and oxide layers on the processed surface, making it difficult to meet application requirements.

[0046] To alleviate the above problems, this disclosure provides a composite processing apparatus and a composite processing method. See below for further details. Figures 1-9 To elaborate further.

[0047] The composite processing apparatus provided in the embodiments of this disclosure, with reference to... Figure 1 and Figure 2 The system may include a clamping and moving station 20, a laser processing station 30, and a rotary ultrasonic processing station 40. For example, all three may be located on the same worktable 10. The clamping and moving station 20 is used to carry the workpiece, adjust the processing angle of the workpiece, and move the workpiece to the next station along a preset trajectory. The laser processing station 30 is located beside the clamping and moving station 20 and is used to perform continuous laser pre-drilling on the workpiece moved by the clamping and moving station 20, and to determine the thickness of the recast layer, heat-affected zone, and microcrack damage layer of the pre-drilled hole. The rotary ultrasonic processing station 40 is located beside the laser processing station 30 and is used to perform grinding finishing on the damage layer thickness of the pre-drilled hole.

[0048] In this embodiment, the clamping and moving station 20 can have one, two, or more platforms for carrying the workpiece. Each platform can move the workpiece to the next station according to a preset trajectory.

[0049] For example, the preset trajectory of the clamping moving station 20 can sequentially pass through the initial position, the laser processing station 30, the rotary ultrasonic processing station 40, and then return to the initial position.

[0050] The composite machining apparatus of this disclosure can be applied to any scenario of hole machining. For example, taking the machining of hard and brittle materials as an example, the composite machining apparatus of this disclosure uses a clamping and moving station 20, which can be set with different movement durations and distances according to machining requirements. Multiple clamping and moving stations 20 can also be added as needed to achieve efficient machining of multiple workpieces. The clamping and moving station 20 can adjust the different angles and postures of the workpieces, and can achieve machining of the workpieces at a certain angle. The continuous laser pre-drilling hole of the laser machining station 30 has the characteristics of high power and fast response speed. Continuous laser machining may form defects such as damage layers, which reduces the difficulty of machining hard and brittle materials. With the help of grinding of the rotary ultrasonic machining station 40, ductile machining of the pre-drilled holes can be achieved. This apparatus combines laser and rotary ultrasonic composite machining, which can combine the advantages of both machining methods to achieve efficient and high-quality machining.

[0051] To further realize the function of continuous laser pre-drilled holes at laser processing station 30, refer to Figure 4 The laser processing station 30 in this embodiment may include: a motor screw module 36, a continuous laser 33 mounted on the motor screw module 36, and a laser processing head 31 connected to the optical path of the continuous laser 33. The motor screw module 36 is used to drive the continuous laser 33 and the laser processing head 31 to move to the pre-processing position. The continuous laser 33 is used to control the laser processing head 31 to align with the pre-processing position to process the pre-made hole.

[0052] For example, refer to Figure 4 The continuous laser 33 can transmit laser light to the laser processing head 31 via optical fiber 34.

[0053] A lead screw module 36 is used to drive the continuous laser 33 and the laser processing head 31. For example, the lead screw module 36 can move in both horizontal and vertical directions, and the range of movement in each direction can be set according to actual needs. In addition, the lead screw module 36 of this embodiment can move according to the position of the pre-drilled hole in the workpiece to drive the laser processing head 31 to the corresponding processing position.

[0054] To further obtain the thickness of the recast layer, heat-affected zone, and damaged layer of microcracks in the pre-formed hole, the composite processing apparatus of this embodiment may further include a control system; the laser processing station 30 may further include a CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) imaging system 90, which is mounted on the motor lead screw module 36 and is used to acquire real-time images of the workpiece position and the state of the pre-formed hole; the control system is signal-connected to the CCD imaging system 90, and the control system is signal-connected to the motor lead screw module 36 and the continuous laser 33.

[0055] For example, the CCD imaging system 90 can be a CCD camera, which can be used to capture images of the pre-drilled holes in the workpiece. The CCD camera can be focused according to the position of the pre-drilled hole, so as to send clear images and data information of the pre-drilled hole to the control system. Based on the images and data information of the pre-drilled hole, the control system can determine the thickness of the recast layer, heat-affected zone and microcrack damage layer of the pre-drilled hole. Then, the control system can send control signals to the rotary ultrasonic machining station 40, so that it can select the appropriate tool 41 to perform grinding and finishing of the pre-drilled hole.

[0056] To further achieve the grinding and finishing of pre-drilled holes using ultrasonic machining stations, refer to Figure 5 The rotary ultrasonic machining station 40 provided in this embodiment may include: an ultrasonic generator 44, an ultrasonic transducer 48 electrically connected to the ultrasonic generator 44, and an amplitude transformer 49 connected to the ultrasonic transducer 48; the amplitude transformer 49 has multiple convertible cutting tools 41, and the control system is electrically connected to the ultrasonic generator 44, the ultrasonic transducer 48, the amplitude transformer 49 and each cutting tool 41 respectively, and the control system is used to control the ultrasonic output parameters and the machining parameters of each cutting tool 41.

[0057] The amplitude transformer 49 changes the magnitude of the force by altering the point of application and the length of the lever arm. When a force is applied to one end of the amplitude transformer 49, rotation of the transformer transfers the force to the other end. Different combinations of the point of application and the length of the lever arm allow for force amplification or reduction. This enables better coordination with various types of cutting tools 41 for appropriate finishing of the pre-drilled holes.

[0058] The embodiments disclosed herein do not limit the setting and connection methods of the amplitude transformer 49 and various cutting tools 41, and can be in an automatic selection and installation mode.

[0059] In some embodiments, reference Figure 3 The clamping and moving station 20 may include a support platform 22, a rotating platform 23 fixedly mounted above the support platform 22, an adjustable fixture 24 located above the rotating platform 23, and an annular guide rail 70 for supporting the support platform 22. The adjustable fixture 24 is used to clamp the workpiece and adjust the clamping angle, and the annular guide rail 70 provides a moving path for the support platform 22. This enables the workpiece to move on the annular guide rail 70. At the same time, the combination of the rotating platform 23 and the adjustable fixture 24 can adaptively adjust the machining angle and position of the workpiece to obtain the preset pre-drilled hole effect.

[0060] In some embodiments, the clamping and moving station 20 may further include an infrared positioning module 80, which is electrically connected to the control system. The infrared positioning module 80 is used to identify whether the support platform 22 has moved precisely to the laser processing station 30 or the rotary ultrasonic processing station 40. This further enhances the precision positioning effect.

[0061] In some embodiments, the rotary ultrasonic machining station 40 is equipped with a quick-change assembly 60, which includes a rotatable fixture. The rotatable fixture includes a clamping position, which can be configured with different tools 41. The control system is configured with tool parameters for each tool 41. The rotatable fixture can switch and match the corresponding tool 41 according to the control signal of the control system. This further enables the adaptation and selection of the tool 41.

[0062] In some embodiments, the clamping and moving station 20, the laser processing station 30, and the rotary ultrasonic processing station 40 are independent of each other, and are located beside the annular guide rail 70. In this way, the three stations can operate independently, and multiple workpieces can be processed in different processes at the same time.

[0063] In summary, firstly, the laser processing station 30 of this embodiment may include a continuous laser 33, an optical fiber 34, a laser processing head 31, a cooler 32, a CCD imaging system 90, and a motor screw module 36, etc. The optical path system, laser processing head 31, and CCD imaging system 90 can be mounted above the motor screw module 36. The motor screw module 36 drives the movement of the laser processing trajectory of the laser processing head 31. The laser generated by the continuous laser 33 after it is turned on is transmitted to the laser processing head 31 through the optical fiber 34, and then irradiates the surface of the workpiece to realize the processing of the pre-drilled holes in the workpiece. The CCD imaging system 90 is used to observe the workpiece position and processing effect. The cooler 32 can provide cooling for the laser processing head 31. For example, refer to... Figure 4 The cooler 32 can be connected to the laser processing head 31 through the coolant passage 35. Secondly, the rotary ultrasonic processing station 40 of this embodiment may include an ultrasonic generator 44, an ultrasonic transducer 48, an amplitude transformer 49, a cutting tool 41, and a cutting tool magazine 50, etc. The ultrasonic generator 44 can convert electrical energy into ultrasonic electrical signals, which are transmitted to the ultrasonic transducer 48 through an electrical energy transmission system and converted into mechanical vibrations. These vibrations then generate ultrasonic vibrations of a certain amplitude through the amplitude transformer 49 and the cutting tool 41, thereby achieving the finishing of the pre-drilled hole. The control system can be used to control the ultrasonic output parameters and the cutting tool 41 processing parameters.

[0064] Furthermore, the clamping and moving station 20 can be fixedly placed on the support platform 22 above the annular moving guide rail, and the rotating platform 23 can be fixedly placed above the support platform 22. An adjustable clamp 24 (adjustable angle) is installed above the rotating moving platform, which can both clamp the workpiece and adjust the workpiece placement angle. The annular guide rail 70 can move the support platform 22, and the rotating platform 23 can adjust the workpiece processing position. The clamping and moving station 20 is equipped with an infrared positioning module 80. When the support platform 22 of the clamping and moving station 20 moves to the laser processing station 30 or the rotary ultrasonic processing station 40, the infrared positioning module 80 can ensure the movement accuracy of the support platform 22.

[0065] Furthermore, the laser processing station 30 can be installed on the XZ axis adjustable motor screw module 36, and the laser can be a continuous laser 33 equipped with a focusing device to achieve the adjustment of the focal position.

[0066] Furthermore, the rotary ultrasonic machining station 40 can be installed on the XZ axis adjustable motor lead screw module 36. The rotary ultrasonic machining station 40 can adjust the ultrasonic vibration amplitude through the ultrasonic generator 44. The rotary ultrasonic machining station 40 is equipped with a tool magazine 50, which can be configured with various tools 41, such as milling cutters, drills, reamers, grinding heads, tapered milling cutters, etc., enabling rapid tool changing operations.

[0067] In addition, this disclosure also provides a composite processing method, the method comprising:

[0068] Initial position: clamp the workpiece at clamping moving station 20;

[0069] The clamping and moving station 20 moves the workpiece to the laser processing station 30;

[0070] Laser processing station 30 performs laser pre-drilling on the workpiece and determines the thickness of the recast layer, heat-affected zone, and damage layer of microcracks in the pre-drilled holes.

[0071] The moving clamping station 20 is moved to the rotary ultrasonic machining station 40;

[0072] Rotary ultrasonic machining station 40, equipped with tool 41, performs grinding and finishing on the pre-made holes;

[0073] The clamping and moving station 20 moves to its initial position.

[0074] For example, at least one pre-drilled hole is provided.

[0075] The composite processing method of this disclosure can achieve all the effects of the above-mentioned composite processing apparatus, which will not be elaborated here.

[0076] Specifically, the composite processing method according to the embodiments of this disclosure can be performed in the following specific steps, where a, b, and c in the following description can be understood as different positions of the annular guide rail 70 that are independent of each other:

[0077] Place the workpiece to be processed at station a of the clamping platform;

[0078] When the clamping and moving station 20 is activated, the carrying platform 22 moves the workpiece along the annular guide rail 70 to the location b of the laser processing station 30.

[0079] The required processing area is photographed and observed using a CCD imaging system.

[0080] The angle of the support platform 22 is adjusted according to the processing requirements so that the workpiece can be pre-drilled at the preset position;

[0081] Pre-drilled holes are made on the workpiece using a continuous laser 33;

[0082] The laser processing parameters are set according to the characteristics of the material being processed and the processing requirements. The laser switch is turned on, and multi-hole pre-processing can be performed.

[0083] Continuous laser drilling is complete;

[0084] The carrier platform 22 in the clamping and moving platform continues to move along the annular guide rail 70 to station c, which is the location of the rotary ultrasonic processing station 40.

[0085] The supporting platform 22 drives the workpiece to rotate or move a certain angle by the rotating platform 23, so that it reaches the position of the tool 41 in the rotating ultrasonic machining station 40.

[0086] Based on the continuous laser processing parameters and material properties in step 6, determine the thickness of the damaged layers such as the recast layer, heat-affected zone, and microcracks in the material processing database.

[0087] Select a suitable rotary ultrasonic machining tool 41 to perform precision machining of multiple holes and remove the damage layer caused by continuous laser machining.

[0088] Once the machining is complete, the clamping platform moves to station a and the workpiece is removed.

[0089] The workpiece is clamped at station a, and the above operation is repeated to process multiple workpieces. Multiple workpieces can also be processed at multiple stations at the same time.

[0090] Furthermore, workstations a, b, and c are independent of each other and located on the clamping platform, and the bearing platform 22 can achieve precision movement in the annular guide rail 70.

[0091] The clamping and moving platform may include pulleys 21, a support platform 22, a rotating platform 23, and an adjustable fixture 24. The support platform 22 is positioned above the annular guide rail 70, and pulleys 21 can be installed at its bottom. The support platform 22 can move along the annular guide rail 70 via the pulleys 21. The rotating platform 23 and the adjustable fixture 24 are sequentially located above the support platform 22, enabling workpiece clamping, rotation, and angle adjustment. The laser processing station 30 includes a continuous laser 33, an optical fiber 34, a laser processing head 31, a cooler 32, a CCD imaging system 90, and a motor lead screw module 36. The continuous laser 33 is installed in the XZ-axis adjustable motor lead screw module 36, enabling multi-hole processing.

[0092] Among them, station c is a rotary ultrasonic machining station 40, which consists of an ultrasonic generator 44, an ultrasonic transducer 48, an amplitude transformer 49, a cutting tool 41, and a cutting tool magazine 50. The cutting tool magazine 50 allows for the selection of cutting tools 41 with different diameters, shapes, and uses according to machining requirements.

[0093] In some embodiments, the continuous laser power can be 3000-6000W, the laser wavelength can be 1064nm, the spot diameter can be 100μm, the light emission time can be 0.01-0.03s, the auxiliary gas can be argon, the pressure can be 1.0Pa, and the moving speed can be 500mm / s. In this way, it is possible to prepare micro-holes with a diameter of 0.5mm in ceramic matrix composite materials.

[0094] In some embodiments, the rotational ultrasonic machining station 40 can rotate at a speed of 1000-5000 rpm, the feed rate can be 0.1-0.8 mm / s, the ultrasonic power can be 400 W, the working frequency can be 7-22 kHz, and the cutting tool 41 can be a 0.5 mm diameter PCD drill bit. In this way, precise finishing of micropores in ceramic matrix composite materials can be achieved.

[0095] Using the composite processing apparatus and method of this disclosure, the number of bearing platforms 22 of the clamping moving station 20 can be adjusted according to the number of workpieces to be processed. By calculating the time required for laser processing and rotary ultrasonic processing, multiple bearing platforms 22 can be reasonably arranged. The bearing platforms 22 can be rotated to adjust the workpieces with different processing angle requirements to achieve processing at a certain angle.

[0096] The laser processing station 30 can select appropriate processing parameters and strategies according to the characteristics of the processing material and processing requirements to achieve processing.

[0097] The control system can select appropriate processing parameters based on the material performance parameters and processing requirements in the laser processing station 30. The laser performs preliminary processing on the workpiece, and the thickness of the laser processing damage layer is obtained through metallographic polishing and characterization. A laser processing material database is also established to provide data support for the selection of the rotating ultrasonic processing tool 41 and processing parameters.

[0098] The rotary ultrasonic machining station 40 can be equipped with various cutting tools 41 such as milling cutters, grinding wheels, and reamers in its tool magazine 50, enabling different types of precision machining.

[0099] In summary, different support platforms 22 can be placed on the annular guide rail 70, enabling rapid displacement conversion. The annular guide rail 70 is equipped with an infrared positioning module 80 to prevent the support platform 22 from moving beyond the processing station. The support platform 22 can be set with different movement durations and distances according to processing requirements, and multiple support platforms 22 can be added to achieve efficient processing. The support platform 22 can be adjusted at different angles and postures, enabling processing at certain angles. At the aforementioned station b, continuous laser has the characteristics of high power and fast response speed, and multiple structures can be processed with the help of the motor screw module 36. Continuous laser processing forms defects such as damage layers, reducing the difficulty of processing hard and brittle materials. With the help of the rotary ultrasonic processing tool 41, ductile processing can be achieved. Simultaneous composite processing of laser, rotary, and ultrasonic processes combines the advantages of both, achieving efficient and high-quality processing.

[0100] For example, this disclosure provides a laser-rotational-ultrasonic composite processing method for micropores in hard and brittle materials, including a clamping and moving station 20, a laser processing station 30, and a rotational-ultrasonic processing station 40, which may include the following steps:

[0101] At station a (which can be understood as the first position), the workpiece is placed at the clamping and moving station 20. The workpiece position is adjusted by the rotating platform 23 and the adjustable fixture 24 set at the clamping and moving station 20. The clamping and moving station 20 can move on the annular guide rail 70.

[0102] The clamping and moving station 20 moves to station b (which can be understood as the second position). The laser parameters of the laser processing station 30 can be set as follows: average laser power 3000-6000W, light emission time 0.01-0.03s, auxiliary gas is argon, pressure is 1.0Pa, moving speed is 500mm / s, and laser pre-drilled holes with a diameter of 0.5mm are processed. Specifically: the workpiece 61 moves to station b along with the carrying platform 22 in the clamping and moving station 20. A high-power laser is generated by the continuous laser generator 33 and transmitted to the laser processing head 31 through the optical fiber 34, thus processing the workpiece. The aforementioned device includes an auxiliary gas device, which may include a gas cylinder 37 and a gas passage 38. The auxiliary gas is transmitted to the laser processing head 31 at a certain pressure through the gas cylinder 37 and the gas passage 38, assisting in cooling the processing area and promptly blowing away the processed workpiece. Simultaneously, the cooler 32 cools the continuous laser generator 33 and the laser processing head 31. The optical fiber 34 and the laser processing head 31 achieve the processing of the planned path through the motor screw module 36.

[0103] After the pre-drilled holes are completed, the thickness of the damaged layer is determined based on the material properties and laser processing parameters, and this information is fed back to the rotary ultrasonic machining station 40 for reference. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the laser pre-drilled hole processing area.

[0104] The clamping and moving station 20 moves to station c (which can be understood as the third position). Based on the processing requirements, a suitable tool 41 is selected for processing to remove the laser-damaged layer. The parameters for rotary ultrasonic machining are: power 400-700W, rotation speed 1000-5000rpm, feed rate 0.1-0.8mm / s, and working frequency 7-22kHz. Tool 41 can be a 0.5mm diameter polycrystalline diamond drill bit to achieve precise finishing of micropores in ceramic matrix composite materials. (Reference) Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the area for machining rotary ultrasonic pre-drilled holes. For details, please refer to... Figure 5 The workpiece is moved to station c by the clamping station 20. The rotary ultrasonic machining station 40 generates a high-frequency electrical signal through the ultrasonic generator 44, which is transmitted to the machining tool 41 through the ultrasonic signal transmission path 45 and the amplitude transformer 49 to realize the rotary ultrasonic machining of the workpiece. The amplitude transformer 49 and other components in the rotary ultrasonic machining station 40 are cooled by the second cooler 43 and the cooling path 42. The XZ axis movement is realized by the motor module 46 (which can be understood as having the same structure and function as the motor screw module 36).

[0105] After the laser-rotational-ultrasonic composite machining is completed, the clamping and moving station 20 can be moved back to station a (the aforementioned first position), the workpiece is removed and a new workpiece is clamped, and the aforementioned steps can be repeated to achieve the machining of multiple workpieces.

[0106] For example, refer to Figure 8 The laser-rotational-ultrasonic composite machining method for milling the surface of hard and brittle materials in this embodiment can also perform laser surface pre-milling on the workpiece surface using a laser. (See reference...) Figure 9 The laser-rotation-ultrasonic composite machining method for milling the surface of hard and brittle materials in this embodiment can also perform precision finishing on the laser pre-milled surface through rotational ultrasonic machining.

[0107] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used to rearrange, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in this disclosure can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution disclosed in this disclosure can be achieved, and this is not limited herein.

[0108] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this disclosure, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0109] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this disclosure, but the scope of protection of this disclosure is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this disclosure should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of this disclosure should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A compound machining apparatus characterized by comprising: The application relates to a composite machining device. The device comprises a clamping and moving station for carrying a workpiece, the clamping and moving station is configured to adjust the machining angle of the workpiece and is configured to move the workpiece to a next station along a preset track; A laser machining station is arranged beside the clamping and moving station, the laser machining station is used for continuous laser pre-holing of the workpiece moved by the clamping and moving station and judging the damage layer thickness of a recast layer, a heat affected zone and micro-cracks of the pre-holes; A rotary ultrasonic machining station is arranged beside the laser machining station, the rotary ultrasonic machining station is used for grinding finishing of the damage layer thickness of the pre-holes; The laser machining station comprises a motor lead screw module, a continuous laser arranged on the motor lead screw module and a laser machining head connected with the continuous laser in an optical path, the motor lead screw module is used for moving the continuous laser and the laser machining head to a pre-machining position, and the continuous laser is used for controlling the laser machining head to align with the pre-machining position to machine the pre-holes; The composite machining device further comprises a control system, the laser machining station further comprises a CCD imaging system, the CCD imaging system is arranged on the motor lead screw module, the CCD imaging system is used for acquiring the position of the workpiece and the state image of the pre-holes in real time, the control system is signal-connected with the CCD imaging system, and the control system is signal-connected with the motor lead screw module and the continuous laser; The rotary ultrasonic machining station comprises an ultrasonic generator, an ultrasonic transducer electrically connected with the ultrasonic generator and a variable amplitude rod connected with the ultrasonic transducer, the variable amplitude rod has a plurality of switchable tools, the control system is electrically connected with the ultrasonic generator, the ultrasonic transducer, the variable amplitude rod and each tool respectively, and the control system is used for controlling ultrasonic output parameters and machining parameters of each tool; wherein, The variable amplitude rod changes the size of force by changing the action point and the length of the force arm, when the force is applied on one end point of the variable amplitude rod, the force can be transmitted to the other end point through the rotation of the rod, according to different combinations of the action point and the length of the force arm, the amplification or reduction effect of the force can be realized, thus the pre-holes can be better combined with each type of tool for appropriate finishing.

2. The composite machining apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by The clamping and moving station comprises a carrying platform, a rotary platform fixedly arranged above the carrying platform, an adjustable clamp arranged above the rotary platform and a ring-shaped guide rail for carrying the carrying platform, the adjustable clamp is used for clamping the workpiece and adjusting the clamping angle of the clamp, and the ring-shaped guide rail provides a moving path for the carrying platform.

3. The composite machining apparatus according to claim 2, wherein The clamping and moving station further comprises an infrared positioning module, the infrared positioning module is electrically connected with the control system, and the infrared positioning module is used for identifying accurate movement of the carrying platform to the laser machining station or the rotary ultrasonic machining station.

4. The composite machining apparatus according to claim 3, wherein The rotating ultrasonic machining station is provided with a quick-change assembly, the quick-change assembly comprises a rotatable clamp, the rotatable clamp comprises a plurality of clamping positions, different tools are arranged in each clamping position respectively, tool parameters of each tool are arranged in the control system, and the rotatable clamp can switch and match the corresponding tool according to the control signal of the control system.

5. The compound machining apparatus according to claim 4, wherein The clamping moving station, the laser machining station and the rotating ultrasonic machining station are independent of each other and are located on the sides of the annular guide rail.

6. A method of compound processing using the compound processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by The method comprises: In an initial position, a workpiece is clamped in a clamping moving station; The clamping moving station moves the workpiece to a laser machining station; The laser machining station performs laser pre-holing on the workpiece and judges the damage layer thickness of the recast layer, the heat affected zone and the micro-crack of the pre-holing; The clamping moving station is moved to a rotating ultrasonic machining station; The rotating ultrasonic machining station selects and matches a tool to perform grinding finishing on the pre-holing; The clamping moving station moves to the initial position.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein, The pre-holing is provided with at least one.

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