A method for controlling water in different zones of a large water-rich ore deposit

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for water control in different zones of a large water-bearing ore deposit. For a large water-bearing ore deposit with uneven water-richness of surrounding rocks and scattered and discontinuous ore bodies, different ore bodies or ore sections with water-richness differences are divided into different treatment zones. At the same time, for different treatment zones, construction of exploration holes and conducting water shut-off tests, water pressure tests, etc. are carried out for water-richness zoning. For water-rich zones with medium or above water-richness but poor injectability, water-resisting ore / rock pillars are reserved. For the remaining water-rich zones with medium or above water-richness, grouting plugging is adopted, which can not only achieve the effect of eliminating water hazards and safe mining, but also save project investment, and can also release the mineable ore volume in advance to help the mine reach production as soon as possible.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of mine water control and prevention, and particularly to a method for water control in different zones of a large-water deposit mine. Background Art

[0002] For the exploitation of large-water deposit mines, generally, water control and prevention measures need to be taken in advance to ensure safe mining conditions before carrying out mining operations. As an early commonly used water control and prevention method, dewatering drainage requires a large amount of groundwater pumping, which will seriously damage groundwater resources and is prone to cause mining area collapse problems. Currently, it is rarely used in China; the ground curtain grouting method is mainly applicable to deposits with concentrated water inflow channels. A large amount of funds and time need to be invested in advance, and the water blocking rate is relatively low. Currently, it is also less applied in large-water mines; the underground near-orebody curtain grouting is to form a water-resisting curtain with a certain thickness in the surrounding rock within a certain range around the deposit through drilling and grouting, and then carry out mining operations, which can effectively avoid problems such as water resource damage and ground collapse, and has a high water blocking rate. It has become a commonly used water control and prevention method in large-water mines at present.

[0003] However, for most non-ferrous metal mines or some other large-water mines, generally, the ore bodies are scattered and the water-richness of the surrounding rock is non-uniform. If the underground near-orebody curtain grouting method is adopted, due to the fact that the curtain range is generally larger than the mining range, the targeted arrangement of curtain drilling according to a fixed grid is not strong, and the grouting treatment of water-rich areas consumes a large amount of engineering and time, etc. It not only causes waste of water control and prevention projects, but also delays the connection of mining operations due to the influence of the water control and prevention construction period. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a method for water control in different zones of a large-water deposit mine, which is applicable to large-water deposit mines with non-uniform water-richness of the surrounding rock and scattered and discontinuous ore bodies.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A method for water control in different zones of a large-water deposit mine includes the following steps:

[0006] S1. Divide different ore bodies or different sections of the same ore body into multiple treatment zones;

[0007] S2. Calculate the dimensions of water-resisting ore pillars or water-resisting rock pillars according to the mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock, hydrostatic pressure, and stope design parameters of each treatment zone;

[0008] S3. Design and arrange exploration holes for the surrounding rock of each treatment zone;

[0009] S4. Conduct water shut-off and discharge tests using the exploration holes to obtain the specific yield of each water-inflowing borehole, and at the same time, conduct water pressure tests using the exploration holes respectively to obtain the permeability rate of the corresponding rock strata;

[0010] S5. Divide the water-rich area of the treatment area according to the specific yield and the permeability of the rock stratum, and classify it into water-rich areas above medium and weakly water-rich areas;

[0011] S6. For water-rich areas above medium, conduct grouting tests using exploration holes to obtain the injectability conditions of the rock stratum; for weakly water-rich areas, no special treatment is required and natural drainage is carried out;

[0012] S7. For strongly water-rich areas with poor injectability in water-rich areas above medium, design and leave water-resisting ore pillars or water-resisting rock pillars respectively; for the remaining water-rich areas above medium, design and arrange grouting holes respectively for local grouting water plugging.

[0013] Further, in step S2, calculate the size of the water-resisting ore pillar or water-resisting rock pillar according to the following formula:

[0014]

[0015] In the formula: L - the width of the reserved water-resisting ore / rock pillar, unit: m;

[0016] M - the maximum value of the ore body thickness or mining height, unit: m;

[0017] K - safety factor;

[0018] P - the hydrostatic pressure borne by the rock stratum, unit: MPa;

[0019] K P ---- the tensile strength of the ore body, unit: MPa.

[0020] Further, in step S3, the spacing of the exploration holes is 20 - 50 m, the drilling depth is not less than the calculated width of the water-resisting ore pillar or water-resisting rock pillar, the drilling angle of elevation is 3° - 10°, the opening hole diameter is not less than 110 mm, and the final hole diameter is not less than 91 mm.

[0021] Further, in step S5, the area with specific yield q1≥0.1 L / (s·m) or permeability q2≥10 Lu is classified as a water-rich area above medium, and the rest is classified as a weakly water-rich area.

[0022] Further, in step S6, during the specific grouting test, the final grouting pressure is selected according to 2.0 - 3.0 times the hydrostatic pressure.

[0023] Further, in step S7, the area with unit grouting volume ≤0.05 m 3 / m or the maximum unit slurry absorption volume ≤20 L / min is the area with poor injectability.

[0024] Further, in step S7, the area with specific yield q1≥1 L / (s·m) is classified as a strongly water-rich area.

[0025] Further, in step S7, the grouting borehole density is 10m×10m, the borehole depth is not less than the calculated width of the water-resisting ore pillar or water-resisting rock pillar, the borehole elevation angle is 0-60°, the opening hole diameter is not less than 110mm, and the final hole diameter is not less than 75mm.

[0026] With the above scheme, for large water-bearing ore deposits with uneven water-richness of surrounding rocks and scattered and discontinuous ore bodies, different ore bodies or ore sections with water-richness differences are divided into different treatment areas. At the same time, for different treatment areas, construction exploration holes are taken and water shut-off tests, water pressure tests, etc. are carried out to conduct water-richness zoning. For strongly water-rich areas with poor injectability in moderately water-rich areas and above, water-resisting ore / rock pillars are left, and for the remaining moderately water-rich areas and above, grouting plugging is used for treatment. This can not only achieve the effect of eliminating water hazards and safe mining, but also save project investment, and can also release the mineable ore volume in advance to help the mine reach production as soon as possible. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0027] Figure 1 It is a process schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 It is a layout schematic diagram of the surrounding rock water-richness exploration holes of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of leaving a water-resisting ore pillar in a strongly water-rich area with poor local injectability in the treatment area of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of grouting water plugging in a locally moderately water-rich area and above in the treatment area of the present invention.

[0031] Reference numerals in the drawings:

[0032] 1 Ore body, 2 Crosscut roadway, 3 Exploration hole, 4 Strike roadway, 5 Water-resisting ore pillar, 6 Strongly water-rich area with poor injectability, 7 Grouting curtain. Detailed Embodiments

[0033] The following will describe the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0034] Please refer to Figure 1 , this method for partitioning and treating water in large water-bearing ore deposits disclosed by the present invention includes the following steps:

[0035] S1. Combining with the mining plan, different ore bodies or different sections of the same ore body 1 are divided into multiple treatment areas.

[0036] S2. Analyze the existing hydrogeological exploration data, and calculate the size of the water-resisting ore pillar 5 according to the surrounding rock mechanical parameters, hydrostatic pressure, stope design parameters, etc. of each treatment area according to the following formula:

[0037]

[0038] where: L ---- the width of the reserved water - resisting ore pillar, unit: m;

[0039] M ---- the maximum value of the ore - body thickness or mining height, unit: m;

[0040] K ---- safety factor;

[0041] P ---- the hydrostatic pressure borne by the rock stratum, unit: MPa;

[0042] K P ---- the tensile strength of the ore - body, unit: MPa.

[0043] S3. Please refer to Figure 2 , and use the drift 2 and cross - cut 4 to design and arrange the exploration holes 3 for the water - rich property of the surrounding rock in each treatment area. The spacing of the exploration holes 3 is 20 - 50 m, the drilling depth is not less than the width of the calculated water - resisting ore pillar 5, the drilling elevation angle is 3° - 10°. For facilitating the subsequent hydrogeological related tests and using some of the holes as dewatering holes, the opening hole diameter is not less than 110 mm, and the final hole diameter is not less than 91 mm.

[0044] S4. Record the data such as the water inflow of the exploration holes 3, and conduct the inter - related water - release tests to obtain the specific capacity of each water - inflow hole. At the same time, use the exploration holes 3 to conduct the water - pressure tests respectively to obtain the permeability rate of the corresponding rock stratum.

[0045] S5. Divide the treatment area into water - rich zones according to the specific capacity and the permeability rate of the rock stratum, divided into water - rich zones above medium and weakly water - rich zones. Specifically in implementation, the area with the specific capacity q1≥0.1 L / (s·m) or the permeability rate q2≥10 Lu is divided into water - rich zones above medium, and the rest is divided into weakly water - rich zones.

[0046] S6. For the water - rich zones above medium, use the exploration holes 3 to conduct the grouting tests to obtain the injectability conditions of the rock stratum, that is, the unit grouting volume. Specifically in the grouting test, the final grouting pressure is selected according to 2.0 - 3.0 times of the hydrostatic pressure; for the weakly water - rich zones, natural dewatering can be carried out without treatment.

[0047] S7. Please refer to Figure 3 , for the water - rich zones above medium, among which, for the strongly water - rich zones 6 (the specific capacity q1≥1 L / (s·m)) with poor injectability (the unit grouting volume ≤0.05 m 3 / m or the maximum unit slurry absorption volume ≤20 L / min), design and reserve the water - resisting ore pillars 5 respectively; please refer to Figure 4For the remaining water-rich areas with medium or higher water abundance, grouting boreholes are respectively designed and arranged for local water blocking by grouting to form a local grouting curtain 7. The grouting borehole grid is 10 m × 10 m, the borehole depth is not less than the calculated width of the water-resisting ore pillar, the borehole elevation angle is 0° to 60°, the opening hole diameter is not less than 110 mm, and the final hole diameter is not less than 75 mm.

[0048] In summary, for large water-bearing ore deposits with uneven water abundance of surrounding rocks and scattered and discontinuous ore bodies, different ore bodies or ore sections with water abundance differences are divided into different treatment areas. At the same time, for different treatment areas, construction exploration holes are taken and water shutoff tests, water pressure tests, etc. are carried out for water abundance zoning. For strongly water-rich areas with poor injectability in water-rich areas with medium or higher water abundance, water-resisting ore / rock pillars are left. For the remaining water-rich areas with medium or higher water abundance, grouting plugging is used for treatment, which can not only achieve the effect of eliminating water hazards and safe mining, but also save project investment, and can also release the mineable ore volume in advance to help the mine reach production as soon as possible.

[0049] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling water in different zones of a large water deposit, characterized in that, it includes the following steps: S1. Divide different ore bodies or different sections of the same ore body into multiple treatment zones; S2. Calculate the size of the water - resisting ore / rock pillar according to the mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock, hydrostatic pressure, and stope design parameters of each treatment zone. The calculation formula is: Where: L represents the width of the reserved water-resisting ore / rock pillar, in m; M represents the maximum value of the ore body thickness or mining height, in m; K represents the safety factor; P represents the hydrostatic pressure borne by the rock stratum, in MPa; K P represents the tensile strength of the ore body, in MPa; S3. Design and arrange exploration holes for the surrounding rock of each treatment zone. The spacing of the exploration holes is 20 - 50 m, the drilling depth is not less than the calculated width of the water - resisting ore / rock pillar, the drilling elevation angle is 3° - 10°, the opening hole diameter is not less than 110 mm, and the final hole diameter is not less than 91 mm; S4. Conduct water shut - off and discharge tests using the exploration holes to obtain the specific yield of each water - gushing borehole. At the same time, conduct water pressure tests using the exploration holes respectively to obtain the permeability rate of the corresponding rock stratum; S5. Divide the treatment zones into water - rich zones with medium or higher water - richness and weakly water - rich zones according to the specific yield and the permeability rate of the rock stratum; S6. For the water - rich zones with medium or higher water - richness, conduct grouting tests using the exploration holes to obtain the injectability conditions of the rock stratum; for the weakly water - rich zones, no special treatment is carried out and natural drainage is performed; S7. For the strongly water - rich zones with poor injectability in the water - rich zones with medium or higher water - richness, design and leave water - resisting ore / rock pillars respectively; for the remaining water - rich zones with medium or higher water - richness, design and arrange grouting boreholes respectively for local grouting to stop water. Among them, The unit grouting volume ≤ 0.05 m 3 / m or the area where the maximum unit slurry absorption volume ≤ 20 L / min is the area with poor injectability; the area with a specific yield q1≥1 L / (s·m) is divided into strongly water - rich zones; the grouting borehole grid is 10 m×10 m, the drilling depth is not less than the calculated width of the water - resisting ore / rock pillar, the drilling elevation angle is 0 - 60°, the opening hole diameter is not less than 110 mm, and the final hole diameter is not less than 75 mm.

2. The method for controlling water in different zones of a large water deposit according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step S5, the area with a specific yield q1≥0.1 L / (s·m) or a permeability rate q2≥10 Lu is divided into water - rich zones with medium or higher water - richness, and the rest are divided into weakly water - rich zones.

3. The method for controlling water in different zones of a large water deposit according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step S6, during the specific grouting test, the final grouting pressure is selected as 2.0 - 3.0 times the hydrostatic pressure.

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