A marine multi-functional energy storage device system and method

Abstract

This invention provides a multifunctional marine energy storage system and method, mainly comprising: a gas-liquid heat exchanger, an expander, a ship propeller, a medium-high temperature focusing solar collector, a falling film evaporator, a low-pressure compressor, a high-pressure compressor, a wind turbine, an electric motor, a heat storage tank, a high-pressure air storage tank, a condenser, a preheater, a pressure reducing nozzle, a water pump, and related valves. This system organically combines renewable energy with compressed air energy storage to provide propulsion power for ship operation, reducing the overall energy consumption of ship operation. Simultaneously, it can continuously supply the precious freshwater resources required for maritime navigation, achieving self-sufficiency in freshwater for marine vessels. This invention realizes the comprehensive utilization of green and sustainable energy for marine vessels, combining renewable energy, energy storage, and seawater desalination, improving the utilization efficiency of renewable energy, and significantly reducing the system's operating costs, demonstrating promising prospects for comprehensive application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy storage and green energy utilization technology, and in particular to a marine multi-functional energy storage device system and its operation method. Background Art

[0002] Wind and solar energy, as clean energy sources, are widely distributed and have enormous energy reserves, making them relatively easy to access in shipping compared to other renewable energy sources. However, the inherent randomness, instability, and intermittency of renewable energy limit their large-scale application and development. Energy storage technology, by shifting energy across different time periods, transforms unstable and intermittent renewable energy into sustainable, high-quality energy, thereby enabling the large-scale application of renewable energy.

[0003] Compressed air energy storage technology boasts advantages such as large capacity, long lifespan, and low cost, making it one of the most promising energy storage technologies. Currently, marine propulsion systems primarily rely on hybrid power systems, which, while reducing non-renewable energy consumption, still present significant challenges in terms of exhaust emissions. Furthermore, the limited functionality of compressed air energy storage systems directly impacts economic efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a multifunctional integrated energy system for ship operation that combines wind, solar, and energy storage. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the background technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a marine multi-functional energy storage device system and operation method, which can utilize the abundant renewable resources such as wind energy and solar energy at sea, combined with the unique cooling seawater of ships at sea to set up an efficient compressed air energy storage mode to provide continuous power for ships to sail around the clock, while also producing precious fresh water urgently needed during the voyage, thereby maximizing the comprehensive energy utilization rate of the system.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned technical features, the present invention aims to provide a marine multi-functional energy storage system, comprising a compressed air energy storage system, an energy storage and release-power propulsion system, and a seawater desalination circuit, consisting of a gas-liquid heat exchanger, an expander, a ship propulsion system, a medium-high temperature focusing solar collector, a falling film evaporator, a wind turbine, an electric motor, a low-pressure compressor, a high-pressure compressor, a heat storage tank, a preheater, a high-pressure air storage tank, a condenser, a pressure reducing nozzle, a water pump, and valves.

[0006] The medium-high temperature focusing solar collector can provide heat transfer oil at 250℃~300℃, which enters the gas-liquid heat exchanger to exchange heat with the air.

[0007] The outer shell side of the gas-liquid heat exchanger tube can withstand pressure, and the pressure of the preheated seawater during the seawater desalination process increases synchronously when the shell side of the heat exchanger heats up.

[0008] The falling film evaporator simultaneously performs both flash evaporation and falling film evaporation vapor-liquid separation. The outer shell side of the tube is at atmospheric pressure, causing the high-temperature, high-pressure seawater leaving the gas-liquid heat exchanger to experience a sharp pressure drop when it enters the top of the falling film evaporator through the pressure-reducing nozzle, forming a large number of fine droplets that instantly reach saturation and further superheat. This produces a violent flash evaporation effect, physically separating the seawater into water vapor and seawater that has not undergone phase change. Subsequently, the seawater droplets that have not undergone phase change are sprayed onto the vertical evaporation tubes of the falling film evaporator under the action of gravity, forming a descending liquid film along the tube wall. At the same time, they absorb heat from the medium inside the tubes, undergoing secondary evaporation. The seawater that has not undergone phase change is further vaporized and separated into a large amount of water vapor and concentrated seawater.

[0009] The compressed air energy storage system includes: a right inlet of a gas-liquid heat exchanger connected to a compressed air energy storage inlet via a first valve, and a left outlet connected to one end of a third valve; the left end of the gas-liquid heat exchanger connected to the other end of the third valve via a fourth valve, one right end connected to the seawater outlet of the preheater, and the other right end connected to the low-pressure compressor inlet via a sixth valve; the low-pressure compressor outlet connected to a falling film evaporator via a seventh valve; the falling film evaporator is located downstream of the gas-liquid heat exchanger, and seawater in the gas-liquid heat exchanger flows into the falling film evaporator through a pressure reducing nozzle; the falling film evaporator is connected to the high-pressure compressor inlet via a valve, and the remaining ends are connected to the condenser steam inlet and brine outlet; the high-pressure compressor outlet... The outlet is connected to the thermal storage tank via the eleventh valve; the other end of the thermal storage tank is connected to the preheater gas inlet via the fourteenth valve; the preheater gas outlet is connected to one end of the fifteenth valve, and the other end of the fifteenth valve is directly connected to the high-pressure gas storage tank; the bottom of the condenser is connected to the seawater inlet via a water pump, the right end is connected to the freshwater outlet, and the top end is connected to the preheater seawater inlet; the wind turbine uses wind energy to generate electricity, connects to the electric motor, and provides it with electrical energy. The electric motor converts the electrical energy provided by the wind turbine into mechanical energy to drive the low-pressure compressor and the high-pressure compressor to compress air; at the same time, the wind turbine can also serve as a power supply device for the ship's propulsion system, providing electricity to the ship's propulsion system and converting it into mechanical energy to directly drive the ship's navigation.

[0010] The energy storage and release-power propulsion system includes: a right inlet of the gas-liquid heat exchanger connected to a heat storage tank via a twelfth valve, and a left outlet connected to one end of the twelfth valve; the other end of the heat storage tank connected to the outlet of a high-pressure gas storage tank via a thirteenth valve; an expander inlet connected to the other end of a second valve, and an expander outlet connected to a falling film evaporator via a fifth valve; the falling film evaporator is located downstream of the gas-liquid heat exchanger, seawater in the gas-liquid heat exchanger flows into the falling film evaporator through a pressure-reducing nozzle, the left end of the falling film evaporator is connected to the gas-liquid heat exchanger via a ninth valve, and the remaining ends are connected to the condenser steam inlet and... The brine outlet is located at the left end of the gas-liquid heat exchanger, which is connected to the energy storage release-power propulsion exhaust port via the tenth valve, and the right end is connected to the seawater outlet of the preheater. The bottom of the condenser is connected to the seawater inlet via a water pump, the right end is connected to the freshwater outlet, and the top end is connected to the seawater inlet of the preheater. The ship's propulsion system is connected to the expander via an internal coupling. The expander performs work and outputs mechanical work, which drives the ship's propulsion system through the coupling to propel the ship. At the same time, the ship's propulsion system can also be directly driven by electricity provided by a wind turbine, realizing the energy conversion application of wind energy to directly drive the ship's operation.

[0011] The seawater desalination circuit includes: a gas-liquid heat exchanger, a falling film evaporator, a preheater, a condenser, a pressure reducing nozzle, and a water pump; the seawater desalination circuit has the characteristics of two-stage preheating, solar / compressed air energy release waste heat heating, and two-stage vaporization gas-liquid separation, which greatly improves the seawater desalination efficiency.

[0012] The system can not only organically combine and efficiently convert and store the abundant wind and solar energy at sea, but also convert the stored compressed air energy into the mechanical energy required for ship navigation on calm, rainy days or windless nights, providing sustainable power for ship navigation in all weather conditions.

[0013] An operation method for a marine multi-functional energy storage system, comprising the following four operation modes:

[0014] Mode 1, Compressed Air Energy Storage:

[0015] Step 1.1: Close the second, fifth, ninth, tenth, twelfth and thirteenth valves, and open the first, third, fourth, sixth, seventh, eighth, eleventh, fourteenth and fifteenth valves;

[0016] Step 1.2: The wind turbine generates continuous electrical energy to drive the electric motor. The electric motor converts the electrical energy provided by the wind turbine into mechanical energy to drive the low-pressure compressor and the high-pressure compressor to operate and compress the air. This causes the temperature and pressure of the air entering the compressor to rise continuously. The air enters the gas-liquid heat exchanger through the compressed air energy storage inlet and absorbs heat from the heat transfer oil at a temperature of 250~300℃ provided by the medium-high temperature focusing solar collector. Then, it enters the gas-liquid heat exchanger through the third and fourth valves to exchange heat with seawater. The seawater absorbs heat and rises to a temperature of 100~120℃. After the first cooling, the air is sent to the low-pressure compressor through the sixth valve for primary compression. After the temperature and pressure increase to 180~220℃, the air enters the falling film evaporator through the seventh valve for secondary heat exchange with seawater. At this time, the air completes the primary pressure increase and secondary cooling. Then, it forms low-temperature medium-pressure air and is sent to the high-pressure compressor through the eighth valve for secondary compression. At this time, the air temperature rises again to 500~600℃ and the pressure rises sharply to reach the target energy storage pressure of about 8~10MPa.

[0017] Step 1.3: The compressed air from the high-pressure compressor exhaust port flows through the eleventh valve to the heat storage tank, where it is cooled three times to 200-300°C by the medium-temperature phase change energy storage material. After leaving the heat storage tank, the compressed air enters the preheater through the fourteenth valve and is cooled four times to complete the second-stage preheating of the seawater desalination process. The compressed air at 40-50°C after four cooling cycles flows through the fifteenth valve to the high-pressure air storage tank to complete the preparation and storage of low-temperature high-pressure compressed air. The pressure of the low-temperature high-pressure compressed air is 8-10 MPa.

[0018] Mode 2, Energy Storage Release - Power Propulsion:

[0019] Step 2.1: Close valves 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 14, and 15, and open valves 2, 5, 9, 10, 12, and 13.

[0020] Step 2.2: After the thirteenth valve is opened, the low-temperature, high-pressure compressed air expands and is output from the high-pressure air storage tank. It flows through the thirteenth valve to the heat storage tank to absorb the heat stored in the internal medium-temperature phase change energy storage material to complete the first heating. After the temperature of the compressed air rises, it flows out of the heat storage tank and enters the gas-liquid heat exchanger after passing through the twelfth valve to absorb the heat from the 250~300℃ heat transfer oil provided by the medium-high temperature focusing solar collector to complete the second heating. The high-pressure compressed air that has been heated twice enters the expander after passing through the second valve to expand and do work. The expander converts the internal energy of the air into mechanical energy, and then transmits the mechanical energy to the ship's propulsion through the matching coupling to propel the ship. Because the compressed air is heated twice, the energy conversion efficiency of the energy storage release process after passing through the expander is much greater than that of the conventional system.

[0021] Step 2.3: The exhaust gas after the expander has done its work enters the falling film evaporator through the fifth valve to release heat, cool down and heat the seawater. After passing through the ninth valve, it enters the gas-liquid heat exchanger to release heat, cool down and heat the saturated seawater to produce water vapor. Finally, the low-temperature, low-pressure air is discharged from the energy storage release-power propulsion exhaust port to complete the energy storage release.

[0022] Mode 3, seawater desalination:

[0023] ① Compressed air energy storage mode:

[0024] Step 3.1.1: The high-temperature air generated in the gas-liquid heat exchanger enters the gas-liquid heat exchanger after passing through the fourth valve. In the gas-liquid heat exchanger, it exchanges heat with the seawater from the preheater to complete the first cooling of the air. At the same time, the seawater continuously absorbs the heat from the high-temperature air, and its pressure and temperature continue to rise. Then, it flows from the outlet of the gas-liquid heat exchanger through the pressure reducing nozzle into the falling film evaporator and is atomized to form a large number of fine droplets. At this time, the pressure of the fine droplets drops suddenly, causing their saturation temperature to be lower than the current temperature, resulting in a violent first flash evaporation phenomenon and vapor-liquid separation. At the same time, the unvaporized seawater falls onto the surface of the vertical evaporation tube of the falling film evaporator and forms a descending liquid film under the action of gravity. This liquid film absorbs the heat from the high-temperature medium-pressure air after the first compression in the evaporation tube, which promotes the second strong falling film evaporation of the seawater. Under the combined action of the first flash evaporation and the second falling film evaporation, the seawater entering the falling film evaporator is separated into water vapor and brine to the maximum extent. Finally, the brine is discharged from the bottom of the falling film evaporator.

[0025] Step 3.1.2: In the falling film evaporator described in Step 3.1.1, the water vapor generated by the combined action of primary flash evaporation and secondary falling film evaporation enters the condenser through its top outlet. In the condenser, the low-temperature seawater that is pressurized by the water pump is condensed and liquefied into fresh water. At the same time, the low-temperature seawater that is initially pressurized by the water pump is preheated to 30~40℃ and then enters the preheater for secondary preheating. The liquid fresh water generated by the condensation and liquefaction of water vapor in the condenser is discharged from the fresh water outlet to supply the living needs of the ship's crew.

[0026] ②Based on the energy storage release-power propulsion mode:

[0027] Step 3.2.1: The low-pressure, medium-temperature exhaust gas after the expander has done its work enters the falling film evaporator through the fifth valve. In the falling film evaporator, it is cooled once by seawater from the gas-liquid heat exchanger. After releasing heat and cooling, the exhaust gas enters the gas-liquid heat exchanger through the ninth valve. It is further cooled twice by exchanging heat with the preheated seawater from the condenser. Finally, the exhaust gas becomes air at near room temperature and pressure and is discharged through the energy storage release-power propulsion exhaust port through the tenth valve.

[0028] Step 3.2.2: The low-temperature seawater, pressurized by a water pump and delivered into the system, is preheated in the condenser by higher-temperature steam from a falling film evaporator. The seawater absorbs heat and rises to 30-40°C, while the steam releases heat and is condensed into liquid freshwater, which is discharged from the freshwater outlet to meet the freshwater needs of personnel on ships at sea. Simultaneously, the seawater, preheated in the condenser, passes through the preheater and then enters the gas-liquid heat exchanger. In the closed and pressurized gas-liquid heat exchanger, it is reheated and pressurized by the exhaust gas that was cooled once in Step 3.2.1. After being heated and pressurized, the seawater enters the falling film evaporator through the pressure reducing nozzle at the bottom outlet of the gas-liquid heat exchanger. When it leaves the pressure reducing nozzle in the falling film evaporator, the pressure drops suddenly and it is atomized into a large number of fine droplets. This causes its saturation temperature to be lower than the current temperature, resulting in a violent primary flash evaporation phenomenon and vapor-liquid separation. At the same time, the unvaporized seawater falls onto the surface of the vertical evaporation tube of the falling film evaporator and forms a descending liquid film under the action of gravity. This liquid film absorbs the heat from the low-pressure, medium-temperature exhaust gas after the expansion unit has done work in the evaporation tube, which promotes the secondary strong falling film evaporation of the seawater.

[0029] Step 3.2.3: In the falling film evaporator, a large amount of water vapor and brine are generated under the combined action of primary flash evaporation and secondary falling film evaporation. The water vapor enters the condenser from the top outlet of the falling film evaporator, is condensed and liquefied into fresh water, and is discharged from the fresh water outlet to supply the living needs of the ship's crew. The brine is discharged from the bottom of the falling film evaporator.

[0030] Mode 4: Direct wind power drive operation:

[0031] When energy storage is complete or wind energy is abundant, the electrical energy provided by the wind turbine can be directly used to drive the ship's propulsion system, thus realizing the energy conversion application of wind energy to directly drive ship operation.

[0032] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] This invention utilizes a gas-liquid heat exchanger, expander, ship propulsion system, medium-high temperature focusing solar collector, falling film evaporator, wind turbine, electric motor, low-pressure compressor, high-pressure compressor, heat storage tank, preheater, high-pressure gas storage tank, condenser, pressure reducing nozzle, water pump, etc., to form a system that can achieve efficient production and consumption of energy by combining wind power, solar energy, and energy storage while meeting the power requirements for ship operation. It also enables the continuous supply of valuable desalinated seawater for ships on long-distance ocean voyages, improves the utilization efficiency of renewable energy, has good development prospects, and is in line with the current energy development trend. Attached Figure Description

[0034] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a marine multi-functional energy storage device system according to the present invention.

[0036] In the diagram: 1. Gas-liquid heat exchanger, 2. Expander, 3. Ship propeller, 4. Medium-high temperature focusing solar collector, 5. Gas-liquid heat exchanger, 6. Falling film evaporator, 7. Wind turbine, 8. Electric motor, 9. Low-pressure compressor, 10. High-pressure compressor, 11. Thermal storage tank, 12. Condenser, 13. High-pressure gas storage tank, 14. Preheater, 15. Pressure reducing nozzle, 16. Water pump, and valves V1~V15. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] Example 1:

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a multi-functional marine energy storage system, comprising a compressed air energy storage system, an energy storage and release-propulsion system, and a seawater desalination circuit, consisting of a gas-liquid heat exchanger 1, an expander 2, a ship propeller 3, a medium-high temperature focusing solar collector 4, a gas-liquid heat exchanger 5, a falling film evaporator 6, a wind turbine 7, an electric motor 8, a low-pressure compressor 9, a high-pressure compressor 10, a heat storage tank 11, a preheater 12, a high-pressure air storage tank 13, a condenser 14, a pressure reducing nozzle 15, a water pump 16, and valves V1~V15. This system organically combines renewable energy with compressed air energy storage, providing propulsion power for ship operation, reducing the overall energy consumption of ship operation, and simultaneously providing a continuous supply of precious freshwater resources needed for maritime navigation, achieving self-sufficiency in freshwater for marine vessels. This invention realizes the comprehensive utilization of green and sustainable energy for marine vessels, combining renewable energy, energy storage, and seawater desalination, improving the utilization efficiency of renewable energy, and greatly reducing the operating cost of the system, demonstrating good prospects for comprehensive application.

[0040] Furthermore, the medium-high temperature focusing solar collector 4 can provide heat transfer oil at 250℃~300℃, which enters the gas-liquid heat exchanger 1 to exchange heat with the air. The aforementioned medium-high temperature focusing solar collector 4 can be used to utilize solar energy.

[0041] Furthermore, the outer shell side of the gas-liquid heat exchanger tube 5 is pressurized, and the pressure of the preheated seawater during the seawater desalination process increases synchronously when the shell side of the heat exchanger heats up.

[0042] Furthermore, the falling film evaporator 6 simultaneously performs both flash evaporation and falling film evaporation vapor-liquid separation functions. The outer shell side of the tube is at atmospheric pressure, causing the high-temperature, high-pressure seawater leaving the gas-liquid heat exchanger 5 to experience a sharp pressure drop when it enters the falling film evaporator 6 through the pressure reducing nozzle 15, forming a large number of fine droplets that instantly reach saturation and further superheat. This results in a violent flash evaporation effect, physically separating the seawater into water vapor and un-phase-changed seawater. Subsequently, the un-phase-changed seawater droplets are sprayed onto the vertical evaporation tubes of the falling film evaporator 6 under gravity, forming a descending liquid film along the tube wall. At the same time, they absorb heat from the medium inside the tubes, undergoing secondary evaporation. The un-phase-changed seawater is further vaporized and separated into a large amount of water vapor and concentrated seawater.

[0043] Furthermore, the compressed air energy storage system includes: the right inlet of the gas-liquid heat exchanger 1 is connected to the compressed air energy storage inlet via the first valve V1, and the left outlet is connected to one end of the third valve V3; the left end of the gas-liquid heat exchanger 5 is connected to the other end of the third valve V3 via the fourth valve V4, one end of the right end is connected to the seawater outlet side of the preheater 12, and the other end of the right end is connected to the inlet of the low-pressure compressor 9 via the sixth valve V6; the outlet of the low-pressure compressor 9 is connected to the falling film evaporator 6 via the seventh valve V7; the falling film evaporator 6 is located downstream of the gas-liquid heat exchanger 5, and the seawater in the gas-liquid heat exchanger 5 flows into the falling film evaporator 6 through the pressure reducing nozzle 15; the falling film evaporator 6 is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure compressor 10 via valve V8, and the remaining ends are connected to the steam inlet and brine outlet of the condenser 14; the high-pressure compressor 10 The outlet is connected to the thermal storage tank 11 via the eleventh valve V11; the other end of the thermal storage tank 11 is connected to the gas inlet of the preheater 12 via the fourteenth valve V14; the gas outlet of the preheater 12 is connected to one end of the fifteenth valve V15, and the other end of the fifteenth valve V15 is directly connected to the high-pressure gas storage tank 13; the bottom of the condenser 14 is connected to the seawater inlet via the water pump 16, the right end is connected to the freshwater outlet, and the top end is connected to the seawater inlet of the preheater 12; the wind turbine 7 uses wind energy to generate electricity and connects to the electric motor 8 to provide it with electrical energy, and the electric motor 8 converts the electrical energy provided by the wind turbine 7 into mechanical energy to drive the low-pressure compressor 9 and the high-pressure compressor 10 to compress air; at the same time, the wind turbine 7 can also serve as a power supply device for the ship propeller 3, providing electricity to the ship propeller 3 and converting it into mechanical energy to directly drive the ship's navigation.

[0044] Furthermore, the energy storage release-power propulsion system includes: the right inlet of the gas-liquid heat exchanger 1 is connected to the heat storage tank 11 via the twelfth valve V12, and the left outlet is connected to one end of the twelfth valve V2; the other end of the heat storage tank 11 is connected to the outlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank 13 via the thirteenth valve V13; the inlet of the expander 2 is connected to the other end of the second valve V2, and the outlet of the expander 2 is connected to the falling film evaporator 6 via the fifth valve V5; the falling film evaporator 6 is located downstream of the gas-liquid heat exchanger 5, and seawater in the gas-liquid heat exchanger 5 flows into the falling film evaporator 6 through the pressure reducing nozzle 15; the left end of the falling film evaporator 6 is connected to the gas-liquid heat exchanger 5 via the ninth valve V9, and the other ends are connected to... The condenser 14 has a steam inlet and a brine outlet; the gas-liquid heat exchanger 5 has its left end connected to the energy storage release-power propulsion exhaust port via the tenth valve V10, and its right end connected to the seawater outlet of the preheater 12; the bottom of the condenser 14 is connected to the seawater inlet via the water pump 16, its right end is connected to the freshwater outlet, and its top end is connected to the seawater inlet of the preheater 12; the ship propeller 3 is connected to the expander 2 via an internal coupling, and the expander 2 performs work and outputs mechanical work to drive the ship propeller 3 through the matching coupling, thereby propelling the ship; at the same time, the ship propeller 3 can also be directly driven by the electricity provided by the wind turbine 7, realizing the energy conversion application of wind energy to directly drive the ship.

[0045] Furthermore, the seawater desalination circuit includes: a gas-liquid heat exchanger 5, a falling film evaporator 6, a preheater 12, a condenser 14, a pressure reducing nozzle 15, and a water pump 16; the seawater desalination circuit has the characteristics of two-stage preheating, solar / compressed air energy release waste heat heating, and two-stage vaporization gas-liquid separation, which greatly improves the seawater desalination efficiency.

[0046] Furthermore, the system can not only organically combine and efficiently convert and store the abundant wind and solar energy at sea, but also convert the stored compressed air energy into the mechanical energy required for ship navigation on calm, rainy days or windless nights, providing sustainable power for ship navigation in all weather conditions.

[0047] Example 2:

[0048] An operation method for a marine multi-functional energy storage system, comprising the following four operation modes:

[0049] Mode 1, Compressed Air Energy Storage:

[0050] Step 1.1: Close the second valve V2, the fifth valve V5, the ninth valve V9, the tenth valve V10, the twelfth valve V12 and the thirteenth valve V13, and open the first valve V1, the third valve V3, the fourth valve V4, the sixth valve V6, the seventh valve V7, the eighth valve V8, the eleventh valve V11, the fourteenth valve V14 and the fifteenth valve V15;

[0051] Step 1.2: The wind turbine 7 generates continuous electrical energy to drive the electric motor 8. The electric motor 8 converts the electrical energy provided by the wind turbine 7 into mechanical energy to drive the low-pressure compressor 9 and the high-pressure compressor 10, compressing air and continuously increasing the temperature and pressure of the air entering them. The air enters the gas-liquid heat exchanger 1 through the compressed air energy storage inlet to absorb heat from the heat transfer oil at a temperature of 250~300℃ provided by the medium-high temperature focusing solar collector 4. Then, it enters the gas-liquid heat exchanger 5 through the third valve V3 and the fourth valve V4 to exchange heat with seawater. The air absorbs heat from the seawater, raising its temperature to 100-120°C. After a first cooling, the air is sent to the low-pressure compressor 9 via the sixth valve V6 for primary compression. After being heated and pressurized to 200°C, the air enters the falling film evaporator 6 via the seventh valve V7 for secondary heat exchange with the seawater. At this point, the air completes the first pressurization and second cooling, forming low-temperature medium-pressure air. This air is then sent to the high-pressure compressor 10 via the eighth valve V8 for secondary compression. At this point, the air temperature rises again to 500-600°C, and the pressure rises sharply to reach the target energy storage pressure of approximately 8-10 MPa.

[0052] Step 1.3: The compressed air from the high-pressure compressor 10 is discharged from the exhaust port and flows through the eleventh valve V11 to the heat storage tank 11. It is cooled three times to 200~300℃ by the medium-temperature phase change energy storage material in the heat storage tank 11. Then, after leaving the heat storage tank 11, the compressed air enters the preheater 12 through the fourteenth valve V14 and is cooled four times to complete the second-stage preheating of the seawater desalination process. The compressed air at 40~50℃ after four cooling cycles flows through the fifteenth valve V15 to the high-pressure air storage tank 13 to complete the preparation and storage of low-temperature high-pressure compressed air. The pressure of the low-temperature high-pressure compressed air is 8~10MPa.

[0053] Mode 2, Energy Storage Release - Power Propulsion:

[0054] Step 2.1: Close valves V1, V3, V4, V6, V7, V8, V11, V14, and V15, and open valves V2, V5, V9, V10, V12, and V13.

[0055] Step 2.2: After the thirteenth valve V13 is opened, the low-temperature and high-pressure compressed air expands and outputs from the high-pressure air storage tank 13. It flows through the thirteenth valve V13 to the heat storage tank 11 to absorb the heat stored in the internal medium-temperature phase change energy storage material to complete the first heating. After the temperature of the compressed air rises, it flows out from the heat storage tank 11 and enters the gas-liquid heat exchanger 1 through the twelfth valve V12 to absorb the heat from the heat transfer oil at a temperature of 250~300℃ provided by the medium-high temperature focusing solar collector 4 to complete the second heating. The high-pressure compressed air that has been heated twice enters the expander 2 through the second valve V2 to expand and do work. The expander 2 converts the internal energy of the air into mechanical energy, and then transmits the mechanical energy to the ship propeller 3 through the matching coupling to propel the ship. The energy conversion efficiency of the energy storage and release process after the compressed air is much greater than that of the conventional system because it provides two heatings.

[0056] Step 2.3: The exhaust gas from the expander 2 after it has done work enters the falling film evaporator 6 through the fifth valve V5 to release heat, cool down and heat the seawater. Then it enters the gas-liquid heat exchanger 5 through the ninth valve V9 to release heat, cool down and heat the saturated seawater to produce water vapor. Finally, the low-temperature, low-pressure air is discharged from the energy storage release-power propulsion exhaust port to complete the energy storage release.

[0057] Mode 3, seawater desalination:

[0058] ① Compressed air energy storage mode:

[0059] Step 3.1.1: The high-temperature air generated in the gas-liquid heat exchanger 1 enters the gas-liquid heat exchanger 5 after passing through the fourth valve V4. In the gas-liquid heat exchanger 5, the air exchanges heat with the seawater from the preheater 12 to complete the first cooling of the air. At the same time, the seawater continuously absorbs the heat from the high-temperature air, and the pressure and temperature continue to rise. Then, it flows from the outlet of the gas-liquid heat exchanger 5 into the falling film evaporator 6 through the pressure reducing nozzle 15 and is atomized to form a large number of fine droplets. At this time, the pressure of the fine droplets drops suddenly, causing their saturation temperature to be lower than the current temperature (superheated state), resulting in a violent first flash evaporation phenomenon and vapor-liquid separation. At the same time, the unvaporized seawater falls into the vertical evaporation tube surface of the falling film evaporator 6 and forms a descending liquid film under the action of gravity. This liquid film absorbs the heat from the high-temperature medium-pressure air after the first compression in the evaporation tube, which promotes the second strong falling film evaporation of the seawater. Under the combined action of the first flash evaporation and the second falling film evaporation, the seawater entering the falling film evaporator 6 is separated into water vapor and concentrated seawater (brine) to the maximum extent. Finally, the brine is discharged from the bottom of the falling film evaporator 6.

[0060] Step 3.1.2: In Step 3.1.1, the water vapor generated in the falling film evaporator 6 under the combined action of primary flash evaporation and secondary falling film evaporation enters the condenser 14 through its top outlet. In the condenser 14, the low-temperature seawater that is pressurized by the water pump 16 is condensed and liquefied into fresh water. At the same time, the low-temperature seawater that is initially pressurized by the water pump 16 is preheated to 30~40℃ and then enters the preheater 12 for secondary preheating. The liquid fresh water generated by the condensation and liquefaction of water vapor in the condenser 14 is discharged from the fresh water outlet to supply the living needs of the ship's crew.

[0061] ②Based on the energy storage release-power propulsion mode:

[0062] Step 3.2.1: The low-pressure, medium-temperature exhaust gas after the expander 2 has done work enters the falling film evaporator 6 through the fifth valve V5. In the falling film evaporator 6, it is cooled once by seawater from the gas-liquid heat exchanger 5. After releasing heat and cooling, the exhaust gas enters the gas-liquid heat exchanger 5 through the ninth valve V9. It is further cooled twice by exchanging heat with the preheated seawater from the condenser 14. Finally, the exhaust gas becomes air at near room temperature and pressure and is discharged through the energy storage release-power propulsion exhaust port through the tenth valve V10.

[0063] Step 3.2.2: The low-temperature seawater, pressurized and pumped into the system by water pump 16, is preheated in condenser 14 by higher-temperature steam from falling film evaporator 6. The seawater absorbs heat and rises to 30-40°C, while the steam releases heat and is condensed into liquid freshwater, which is discharged from the freshwater outlet to meet the freshwater needs of personnel on ships at sea. Simultaneously, the seawater preheated in condenser 14 passes through preheater 12 (which does not perform heat exchange at this time but only serves as a flow channel) and then enters gas-liquid heat exchanger 5. In the closed and pressurized gas-liquid heat exchanger 5, it is further cooled by the exhaust gas from Step 3.2.1. The seawater is heated and pressurized. After being heated and pressurized, the seawater enters the falling film evaporator 6 through the pressure reducing nozzle 15 from the bottom outlet of the gas-liquid heat exchanger 5. When it leaves the pressure reducing nozzle 15 in the falling film evaporator 6, the pressure drops suddenly and it is atomized into a large number of fine droplets. This causes its saturation temperature to be lower than the current temperature (superheated state), resulting in a violent primary flash evaporation phenomenon and vapor-liquid separation. At the same time, the unvaporized seawater falls into the surface of the vertical evaporation tube of the falling film evaporator 6 and forms a descending liquid film under the action of gravity. This liquid film absorbs the heat from the low-pressure, medium-temperature exhaust gas after the expansion engine 2 has done work in the evaporation tube, which promotes the secondary strong falling film evaporation of the seawater.

[0064] Step 3.2.3: In the falling film evaporator 6, a large amount of water vapor and concentrated seawater (brine) are generated under the combined action of primary flash evaporation and secondary falling film evaporation. The water vapor enters the condenser 14 from the top outlet of the falling film evaporator 6 and is condensed into fresh water and discharged from the fresh water outlet to supply the living needs of the ship's crew. The brine is discharged from the bottom of the falling film evaporator 6.

[0065] Mode 4: Direct wind power drive operation:

[0066] When energy storage is complete or wind energy is abundant, the electrical energy provided by the wind turbine 7 can be directly used to drive the ship propeller 3 to propel the ship, realizing the energy conversion application of wind energy to directly drive the ship.

Claims

1. A marine multi-functional energy storage device system, characterized in that: It includes a compressed air energy storage system, an energy storage and release-power propulsion system, and a seawater desalination circuit, consisting of a gas-liquid heat exchanger, an expander, a ship propulsion unit, a medium-high temperature focusing solar collector, a gas-liquid heat exchanger, a falling film evaporator, a wind turbine, an electric motor, a low-pressure compressor, a high-pressure compressor, a heat storage tank, a preheater, a high-pressure air storage tank, a condenser, a pressure reducing nozzle, a water pump, and valves. The right inlet of the gas-liquid heat exchanger is connected to the compressed air storage inlet via the first valve, and the left outlet is connected to one end of the third valve. The left end of the gas-liquid heat exchanger is connected to the other end of the third valve via the fourth valve, and one end of the right end is connected to the seawater outlet of the preheater. The other end of the right end is connected to the low-pressure compressor inlet via the sixth valve. The low-pressure compressor outlet is connected to the falling film evaporator via the seventh valve. The falling film evaporator is located downstream of the gas-liquid heat exchanger. Seawater in the gas-liquid heat exchanger flows into the falling film evaporator through a pressure-reducing nozzle. The falling film evaporator is connected to the high-pressure compressor inlet via the eighth valve. The high-pressure compressor outlet is connected to the heat storage tank via the eleventh valve. The heat storage tank is connected to the preheater gas inlet via the fourteenth valve; the preheater gas outlet is connected to one end of the fifteenth valve, and the other end of the fifteenth valve is directly connected to the high-pressure gas storage tank; the bottom of the condenser is connected to the seawater inlet via a water pump, the right end is connected to the freshwater outlet, and the top end is connected to the preheater seawater inlet; the wind turbine uses wind energy to generate electricity, which is then connected to the electric motor and supplied to it. The electric motor converts the electrical energy provided by the wind turbine into mechanical energy to drive the low-pressure compressor and the high-pressure compressor to compress air; at the same time, the wind turbine can also serve as a power supply device for the ship's propulsion system, providing electricity to the ship's propulsion system and converting it into mechanical energy to directly drive the ship's navigation; The right inlet of the gas-liquid heat exchanger is connected to the heat storage tank via the twelfth valve, and the left outlet is connected to one end of the second valve; the other end of the heat storage tank is connected to the outlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank via the thirteenth valve; the expander inlet is connected to the other end of the second valve, and the expander outlet is connected to the falling film evaporator via the fifth valve; the left end of the falling film evaporator is connected to the gas-liquid heat exchanger via the ninth valve, and the other ends are connected to the steam inlet and brine outlet of the condenser; one left end of the gas-liquid heat exchanger is connected to the energy storage release-power propulsion exhaust port via the tenth valve; the ship propulsion unit is connected to the expander via an internal coupling, and the expander outputs mechanical power to drive the ship propulsion unit through the matching coupling, thus propelling the ship.

2. The marine multi-functional energy storage device system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The medium-high temperature focusing solar collector can provide heat transfer oil at 250℃~300℃, which enters the gas-liquid heat exchanger to exchange heat with the air.

3. The marine multi-functional energy storage device system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer shell side of the gas-liquid heat exchanger tube can withstand pressure, and the pressure of the preheated seawater during the seawater desalination process increases synchronously when the shell side of the heat exchanger heats up.

4. The marine multi-functional energy storage device system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aforementioned marine multi-functional energy storage system can not only organically combine and efficiently convert and store the abundant wind and solar energy at sea, but also convert the stored compressed air energy into the mechanical energy required for ship navigation on calm, rainy days or windless nights, providing sustainable power for the ship's all-weather navigation.

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