Construction methods for foundation caps and cofferdam structures along the riverbank

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of bridge construction technology and discloses a method for constructing a pier foundation and a cofferdam structure for the riverbank. The pier foundation construction method includes: S1, surveying and setting out lines on the riverbank slope to determine the outer contour line; S2, excavating a stepped structure on the riverbank slope along the direction away from the land, using the outer contour line as the outer edge; S3, setting fixed piles at the two ends of the outer contour line; S4, fixing the cofferdam to the stepped structure along the outer contour line, and connecting both ends of the cofferdam along the outer contour line to the two fixed piles respectively; S5, setting a horizontal reinforcing beam on the cofferdam along the outer contour line, and connecting both ends of the horizontal reinforcing beam to the two fixed piles respectively; S6, anchoring the fixed piles to the riverbank slope; S7, pouring and filling concrete into the stepped structure; S8, constructing bored piles. This riverbank cofferdam structure can fully utilize the terrain conditions of the riverbank slope and significantly improve the structural strength and horizontal resistance of the cofferdam.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bridge construction technology, and in particular to a method for constructing a pier foundation and a cofferdam structure for adjacent banks. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development and improvement of bridge construction technology, the number of super-long span sea-crossing bridges is gradually increasing. In the design and construction of super-long span sea-crossing bridges, the main tower pier foundation usually adopts a structure of circular pier cap + pile foundation. The main tower pier is generally located in the sloping shore area at the junction of land and water, so there will be a situation where the main tower pier pier cap has a suspended area.

[0003] Conventional construction methods for such main tower pier foundations include two approaches: First, excavate or fill the site with sloped material before drilling piles and constructing the pier cap. However, this method involves excessive excavation and slope, resulting in a large workload and encroachment on marine ecological red lines. Second, construct a steel platform for drilling, complete the main tower pier pile foundation, dismantle the platform, and then use a cofferdam for ground filling and pier cap construction. However, this method is complex, time-consuming, and costly. Currently, a composite formwork consisting of brick walls and bamboo plywood is constructed on a sloping shoreline. The two ends of this formwork are anchored to the land rock via anchor piles. However, this composite formwork structure is too simple and has low strength, making it unable to effectively withstand the impact of seawater during pier foundation construction. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for constructing a foundation pier and a cofferdam structure on the bank, which can make full use of the topographic conditions of the bank slope to construct the foundation pier and improve the structural strength and horizontal resistance of the cofferdam.

[0005] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] Construction methods for pile cap foundations include:

[0007] S1. Conduct surveying and setting out on the slope near the bank, and determine the outer contour line;

[0008] S2. Using the outer contour line as the outer edge, excavate a stepped structure on the shore slope in the direction away from the land.

[0009] S3. Set two fixed stakes on the ground at the two ends of the outer contour line respectively;

[0010] S4. Fix the cofferdam to the stepped structure along the outer contour line, and fix both ends of the cofferdam along the outer contour line to the two fixed piles respectively;

[0011] S5. A horizontal reinforcing beam is installed on the cofferdam along the direction of the outer contour line, and the two ends of the horizontal reinforcing beam are respectively fixedly connected to the two fixed piles.

[0012] S6. Anchor the fixed pile to the slope of the bank;

[0013] S7. Pour concrete into the stepped structure enclosed by the cofferdam and the land.

[0014] S8. Carry out bored pile construction.

[0015] Preferably, step S4 includes:

[0016] Multiple vertical reinforcing steel bars are installed at intervals on the wall panel;

[0017] Multiple pile grooves are opened at intervals along the outer contour line on the bottom layer of the stepped structure.

[0018] Multiple vertical reinforcing steel bars are vertically inserted into multiple pile slots, concrete is poured into the pile slots, and concrete is poured at the connection between the wall panel and the ground.

[0019] The two ends of the wall panel along the outer contour line are respectively fixedly connected to the two fixed piles.

[0020] Preferably, after fixing each of the vertical reinforcing steel bars to the wall panel in a vertical direction, the method further includes:

[0021] An angle steel is installed on the wall panel, and one end of the angle steel parallel to the length direction is fixedly connected to the wall panel, and the other end of the angle steel along the length direction is welded to the vertical reinforcing steel.

[0022] Preferably, step S6 includes:

[0023] Hollow anchor rods are installed on the fixed piles, and the hollow anchor rods are anchored into the rock mass of the adjacent slope;

[0024] Concrete is injected into the hollow anchor rod.

[0025] Preferably, the hollow anchor rod installed on the fixed pile includes:

[0026] Hollow anchor rods are installed above and below the connection between the horizontal reinforcing beam and the fixed pile.

[0027] Preferably, step S3 includes:

[0028] Two H-beams are arranged opposite each other, so that the webs of the two H-beams are parallel to each other;

[0029] The flanges of the two H-beams are welded together;

[0030] Drill a fixing groove in the ground of the slope facing the shore;

[0031] The two welded H-beams are vertically inserted into the fixing groove;

[0032] Concrete is poured into the fixed groove.

[0033] Preferably, multiple horizontal reinforcing beams are provided at intervals along the height direction.

[0034] Preferably, the process includes the following steps before step S7:

[0035] A template for pre-drilled holes is installed at the designated location of the stepped structure.

[0036] Preferably, step S8 includes the following:

[0037] After the filling concrete has solidified, the pre-reserved hole template is removed;

[0038] Use a drilling rig to drill pile holes into the stepped structure beneath the filled concrete;

[0039] Lower the steel cage into the pile hole and pour concrete.

[0040] The cofferdam structure along the bank, used for constructing the aforementioned pile cap foundation, includes:

[0041] A cofferdam, comprising wall panels and vertical reinforcing steel, wherein the vertical reinforcing steel is installed on the wall panels in a vertical direction, and both the wall panels and the vertical reinforcing steel are fixed to the ground;

[0042] A horizontal reinforcing beam is fixedly installed on the wall panel along the length of the wall panel;

[0043] Angle steel, which is fixed to the wall panel and welded to the vertical reinforcing steel;

[0044] Fixed piles are provided at both ends of the wall panel along its length, and the horizontal reinforcing beam is fixedly connected to the fixed piles. The fixed piles are fixedly installed on the ground.

[0045] Hollow anchor rod 6 is installed on the fixed pile and anchored into the rock mass of the adjacent slope.

[0046] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0047] The foundation construction method provided by this invention involves excavating a stepped structure along the outer contour line on the bank slope. A cofferdam is then fixed to the stepped structure along the outer contour line and connected to fixed piles at both ends, thus forming a bank cofferdam structure for pouring the foundation. This facilitates foundation construction within the cofferdam structure and is unaffected by external water levels or flow, avoiding the impact of water on the construction schedule. Because the stepped structure is excavated along the direction away from the land before pouring the fill concrete onto the bank slope, the stepped structure increases the contact area with the fill concrete, ensuring a firm bond between the fill concrete and the bank slope, enhancing the structural strength and stability of the foundation. Furthermore, the presence of horizontal reinforcing beams on the cofferdam, anchored to the rock mass of the bank slope at both ends by two fixed piles, ensures the stability of the entire bank cofferdam structure and reduces safety risks.

[0048] The cofferdam structure provided by this invention is used for the construction of the aforementioned foundation platform. It can make full use of the terrain conditions of the bank slope, effectively reduce the safety risks of construction, and also reduce the disturbance and damage to the aquatic ecological environment. In addition, the cofferdam structure can effectively solve the problem of difficult construction under rock geological conditions and can significantly improve the structural strength and horizontal resistance of the cofferdam. Attached Figure Description

[0049] Figure 1 This is a sectional view of the foundation and cofferdam structure provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 2 This is a top view of the foundation and cofferdam structure provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of the cofferdam and horizontal reinforcement beam provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of the fixed pile and hollow anchor provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] In the picture:

[0054] 100 - Riverbank slope;

[0055] 1-Step structure;

[0056] 2-Fixed piles;

[0057] 3-Cofferdam; 31-Shelf panel; 32-Vertical reinforcement steel

[0058] 4- Horizontal reinforcement beam;

[0059] 5- Fill with concrete;

[0060] 6-Hollow anchor bolt;

[0061] 7-Angle steel. Detailed Implementation

[0062] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, and not all of the structures.

[0063] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0064] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0065] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "right," and "left," etc., refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0066] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a method for constructing a pile cap foundation, the method comprising:

[0067] S1. Conduct surveying and setting out on the 100-degree slope along the shore, and determine the outer contour line. In this embodiment, the construction personnel conduct surveying and setting out on the land bank adjacent to the water, determine the outer edge of the foundation to be constructed, and mark it as the outer contour line.

[0068] S2. Using the outer contour line as the outer edge, excavate the stepped structure 1 on the shore slope 100 in the direction away from the land. In this embodiment, after determining the outer contour line, the construction personnel clear the ground of the shore slope 100 and perform stepped excavation on the ground surface, thereby forming a stepped structure 1 extending from the land to the water surface on the shore slope 100; that is, the highest step surface of the stepped structure 1 is flush with the land, and then extends towards the water surface to form a stepped surface with gradually decreasing height.

[0069] S3. Two fixed piles 2 are respectively set on the ground at the two ends of the outer contour line. In this embodiment, two fixed piles 2 are respectively set on the ground at both ends of the outer contour line and anchored into the ground.

[0070] S4. Fix the cofferdam 3 along the outer contour line to the stepped structure 1, and fix both ends of the cofferdam 3 along the outer contour line to two fixed piles 2 respectively. In this embodiment, the construction personnel set the cofferdam 3 on the stepped surface of the stepped structure 1 along the outer contour line; specifically, the outer contour line is semi-circular, so the cofferdam 3 arranged along the outer contour line is semi-circular, which can minimize the water resistance rate of the foundation, reduce the impact of water flow on the foundation, and also reduce the influence on the flow pattern of water.

[0071] S5. A horizontal reinforcing beam 4 is installed on the cofferdam 3 along its outer contour line, and both ends of the horizontal reinforcing beam 4 are fixedly connected to two fixed piles 2 respectively. In this embodiment, the horizontal reinforcing beam 4 is made of H-beam, and the flange of the H-beam is attached to and fixed to the cofferdam 3. Both ends of the horizontal reinforcing beam 4 are fixedly connected to the fixed piles 2, thereby forming a ring beam structure, which ensures the structural strength of the cofferdam 3 in the horizontal direction.

[0072] S6. Anchor the fixed pile 2 to the bank slope 100. In this embodiment, the fixed pile 2 serves as a fixed structure at the end of the cofferdam 3, and is anchored to the bank slope 100 to ensure the stability of the overall structure.

[0073] S7. Pouring concrete 5 into the stepped structure 1 enclosed by the cofferdam 3 and the land. In this embodiment, since the stepped structure 1 is excavated on the bank slope 100, that is, one end of the stepped structure 1 is the bank land and the other end is the cofferdam 3 set along the outer contour line. Therefore, the cofferdam 3 and the land enclose the stepped structure 1, forming a space with a stepped bottom. The construction workers pour concrete 5 into this space.

[0074] S8. Drilling pile construction. In this embodiment, after the filling concrete 5 has solidified, the construction personnel drill holes in the filling concrete 5 to construct the drilled piles, which facilitates the subsequent construction of the pile cap.

[0075] The above-described method for constructing the foundation involves excavating a stepped structure 1 along the outer contour line on the sloping bank 100. The cofferdam 3 is then fixed along the outer contour line to the stepped structure 1 and connected to the fixed piles 2 at both ends, thus forming a cofferdam structure on the sloping bank 100 for pouring the foundation. This facilitates foundation construction within the cofferdam structure and is unaffected by external water levels or flow, avoiding the impact of water on the construction schedule. Because the stepped structure 1 is excavated in the direction away from the land before pouring the fill concrete 5 onto the sloping bank 100, the stepped structure 1 increases the contact area with the fill concrete 5, ensuring a firm bond between the fill concrete 5 and the sloping bank 100, enhancing the structural strength and stability of the foundation. Furthermore, the presence of a horizontal reinforcing beam 4 on the cofferdam 3, anchored at both ends to the rock mass of the sloping bank 100 by two fixed piles 2, ensures the stability of the entire cofferdam structure and reduces safety risks.

[0076] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, step S4 includes: setting multiple vertical reinforcing steel bars 32 at intervals on the wall panel 31, and fixing each vertical reinforcing steel bar 32 to the wall panel 31 in a vertical direction; opening multiple pile grooves at intervals along the outer contour line on the bottom layer of the stepped structure 1; inserting the multiple vertical reinforcing steel bars 32 vertically into the multiple pile grooves respectively, pouring concrete into the pile grooves, and pouring concrete at the connection between the wall panel 31 and the ground; and fixing the two ends of the wall panel 31 along the outer contour line to two fixed piles 2 respectively. In this embodiment, the wall panel 31 is made of steel plate, and the vertical reinforcing steel 32 is made of H-beam. The vertical reinforcing steel 32 is welded to the wall panel 31. The length of the vertical reinforcing steel 32 is greater than the height of the wall panel 31. The bottom of the vertical reinforcing steel 32 is inserted into the pile groove, while the wall panel 31 is on the ground outside the pile groove. Then, concrete is poured into the pile groove and at the connection between the wall panel 31 and the ground, so that the cofferdam 3 is stably fixed on the ground. The vertical reinforcing steel 32 plays a role in vertically reinforcing the wall panel 31, thereby improving the strength of the wall panel 31.

[0077] Specifically, such as Figure 3As shown, after each vertical reinforcing steel 32 is fixed vertically to the wall panel 31, the method further includes: setting angle steel 7 on the wall panel 31, fixing one end of the angle steel 7 parallel to the length direction to the wall panel 31, and welding one end of the angle steel 7 along the length direction to the vertical reinforcing steel 32. In this embodiment, multiple angle steels 7 are set on the side of the vertical reinforcing steel 32 along the height direction. The side of the end of the angle steel 7 parallel to the length direction is welded to the wall panel 31, and the end face of the end of the angle steel 7 along the length direction is welded to the vertical reinforcing steel 32, which further strengthens the connection strength between the vertical reinforcing steel 32 and the wall panel 31, and also further improves the structural strength of the wall panel 31.

[0078] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 As shown, step S6 includes: installing hollow anchor rods 6 on the fixed pile 2 and anchoring the hollow anchor rods 6 into the adjacent slope 100; injecting concrete into the hollow anchor rods 6. In this embodiment, the hollow anchor rod 6 is a commonly used connecting component in the art. After anchoring the hollow anchor rod 6 into the rock mass of the adjacent slope 100, concrete is then injected from the rod body, and care is taken to maintain the grouting pressure so that the concrete slurry fully fills the gap between the rock mass and the hollow anchor rod 6. The fixed pile 2 is fixed to the rock mass of the adjacent slope 100 by the hollow anchor rod 6, ensuring that the fixed pile 2 provides firm support for the entire adjacent cofferdam structure.

[0079] Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown, the installation of hollow anchor rods 6 on the fixed piles 2 includes: hollow anchor rods 6 are installed above and below the connection between the horizontal reinforcing beams 4 and the fixed piles 2. In this embodiment, multiple horizontal reinforcing beams 4 are spaced apart along the height direction, and the horizontal reinforcing beams 4 are welded to the wall panel 31. To ensure that both the vertical reinforcing steel 32 and the horizontal reinforcing beams 4 can be stably connected to the wall panel 31, the vertical reinforcing steel 32 is cut into multiple sections, and the cut sections of the vertical reinforcing steel 32 pass through the horizontal reinforcing beams 4, so that both the horizontal reinforcing beams 4 and the vertical reinforcing steel 32 can be stably welded to the wall panel 31, forming reinforcement in both horizontal and vertical directions. Since the horizontal reinforcing beams 4 at each height position are complete H-beams, the horizontal reinforcing beams 4 can transfer the loads received on the wall panel 31 and the vertical reinforcing steel 32 to the fixed piles 2 at both ends, thereby ensuring the structural strength and stability of the cofferdam 3.

[0080] Further, step S3 includes: setting two H-beams opposite each other so that their webs are parallel; welding the flanges of the two H-beams together; drilling a fixing groove on the ground of the 100-degree slope; vertically inserting the two welded H-beams into the fixing groove; and pouring concrete into the fixing groove. Specifically, the fixing pile 2 is formed by welding two H-beams together, with their webs parallel and flanges opposite each other. After welding, the two H-beams enclose a rectangular space in the middle. Then, the two welded H-beams are vertically inserted into the fixing groove, and concrete is poured into the fixing groove to firmly bond the H-beams to the ground. The ends of the horizontal reinforcing beam 4 and the end of the wall panel 31 are welded to the fixing pile 2, thereby connecting the fixing pile 2 to the cofferdam 3. When using hollow anchor rods 6 to anchor the fixed pile 2, first drill through holes at the welding positions of the two H-beams, then pass the hollow anchor rods 6 through the through holes, the rectangular space and the through holes in sequence and anchor them into the rock mass of the 100-degree slope of the bank, thereby fixing the fixed pile 2 and ensuring the stability of the entire bank cofferdam structure.

[0081] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, multiple horizontal reinforcing beams 4 are spaced apart along the height direction. Specifically, two horizontal reinforcing beams 4 are spaced apart along the height direction, thereby effectively supporting and reinforcing the wall panel 31 at different heights and improving the support of the wall panel 31.

[0082] Furthermore, before step S7, the method includes setting a pre-reserved hole template at the marked position of the step structure 1. In this embodiment, before pouring the filling concrete 5 onto the step structure 1, the construction personnel pre-determine the location for the bored pile construction, and the drilling location is the marked position. Then, the construction personnel set up the pre-reserved hole template at the marked position, and then poured the filling concrete 5 onto the step structure 1. After the filling concrete 5 solidifies, the pre-reserved hole template is removed, and the pre-reserved hole is obtained. When drilling pile holes later, the drill bit of the drilling rig can directly pass through the pre-reserved hole to drill the step structure 1 below the filling concrete 5, which greatly saves manpower and material resources and improves construction efficiency.

[0083] Specifically, step S8 of the bored pile construction includes: after the fill concrete 5 has solidified, removing the pre-reserved hole template; using a drilling rig to drill a pile hole into the stepped structure 1 below the fill concrete 5; lowering a reinforcing cage into the pile hole and pouring concrete. In this embodiment, after drilling, the construction personnel lower a pre-fabricated reinforcing cage into the pile hole. The reinforcing cage is vertically positioned in the pile hole and the pre-reserved hole on the fill concrete 5. Then, concrete is poured into the pile hole and the pre-reserved hole to form a complete bored pile body, facilitating subsequent construction of the bridge pier.

[0084] like Figures 2 to 4As shown, the present invention also provides a cofferdam structure for constructing the aforementioned foundation, comprising a cofferdam 3, a horizontal reinforcing beam 4, angle steel 7, fixed piles 2, and hollow anchor rods 6. The cofferdam 3 includes a wall panel 31 and a vertical reinforcing steel 32, the vertical reinforcing steel 32 being installed vertically on the wall panel 31, and both the wall panel 31 and the vertical reinforcing steel 32 being fixed to the ground. The horizontal reinforcing beam 4 is fixedly installed on the wall panel 31 along its length. The angle steel 7 is fixed to the wall panel 31 and welded to the vertical reinforcing steel 32. The fixed piles 2 are installed at both ends of the wall panel 31 along its length, and the horizontal reinforcing beam 4 is fixedly connected to the fixed piles 2, which are fixedly installed to the ground. The hollow anchor rods 6 are installed on the fixed piles 2 and anchored into the rock mass of the adjacent slope 100. In this embodiment, the cofferdam structure can make full use of the terrain conditions of the adjacent slope 100, effectively reducing the safety risks of construction, and also reducing the disturbance and damage to the aquatic ecological environment. In addition, the cofferdam structure can effectively solve the problem of difficult construction under the geological conditions of rock layer, and can significantly improve the structural strength and horizontal resistance of the cofferdam 3.

[0085] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will be able to make various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a pile cap foundation, characterized in that, include: S1. Conduct surveying and setting out on the slope (100) near the bank and determine the outer contour line; S2. Using the outer contour line as the outer edge, excavate a stepped structure (1) on the shore slope (100) in the direction away from the land. S3. Two fixed stakes (2) are set on the ground at the two ends of the outer contour line respectively. S4. Fix the cofferdam (3) along the outer contour line to the step structure (1), and fix the two ends of the cofferdam (3) along the outer contour line to the two fixed piles (2) respectively. S5. A horizontal reinforcing beam (4) is installed on the cofferdam (3) along the direction of the outer contour line, and the two ends of the horizontal reinforcing beam (4) are fixedly connected to the two fixed piles (2) respectively. S6. Anchor the fixed pile (2) to the bank slope (100); S7. Pour concrete (5) into the stepped structure (1) that encloses the cofferdam (3) and the land. S8. Carry out bored pile construction; Step S4 includes: Multiple vertical reinforcing steel bars (32) are spaced apart on the wall panel (31); Multiple pile grooves are opened at intervals along the outer contour line on the bottom layer of the stepped structure (1); Multiple vertical reinforcing steel bars (32) are vertically inserted into multiple pile slots respectively, concrete is poured into the pile slots, and concrete is poured at the connection between the wall panel (31) and the ground. The two ends of the wall panel (31) along the outer contour line are respectively fixedly connected to the two fixed piles (2).

2. The method for constructing a foundation cap according to claim 1, characterized in that, After each of the vertical reinforcing steel bars (32) is fixed vertically to the wall panel (31), the process further includes: An angle steel (7) is provided on the wall panel (31), and one end of the angle steel (7) parallel to the length direction is fixedly connected to the wall panel (31), and one end of the angle steel (7) along the length direction is welded to the vertical reinforcing steel (32).

3. The method for constructing a foundation cap according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S6 includes: Hollow anchor rods (6) are installed on the fixed piles (2), and the hollow anchor rods (6) are anchored into the rock mass of the adjacent slope (100); Concrete is injected into the hollow anchor rod (6).

4. The method for constructing a foundation cap according to claim 3, characterized in that, Installing hollow anchor rods (6) on the fixed pile (2) includes: Hollow anchor rods (6) are installed above and below the connection between the horizontal reinforcing beam (4) and the fixed pile (2).

5. The method for constructing a foundation cap according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S3 includes: Two H-beams are arranged opposite each other, so that the webs of the two H-beams are parallel to each other; The flanges of the two H-beams are welded together; Drill a fixing groove in the ground of the adjacent slope (100); The two welded H-beams are vertically inserted into the fixing groove; Concrete is poured into the fixed groove.

6. The method for constructing a foundation cap according to claim 1, characterized in that, The horizontal reinforcing beam (4) is provided at intervals along the height direction.

7. The method for constructing a foundation cap according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S7 is preceded by: A pre-drilled hole template is set at the marked position of the stepped structure (1).

8. The method for constructing a foundation cap according to claim 7, characterized in that, Step S8 includes the construction of bored piles, which includes: After the filling concrete (5) has solidified, the pre-reserved hole template is removed; Use a drilling rig to drill pile holes into the stepped structure (1) below the filled concrete (5); Lower the steel cage into the pile hole and pour concrete.

9. A cofferdam structure located on the bank, characterized in that, A method for implementing the foundation construction method as described in any one of claims 1-8, comprising: The cofferdam (3) includes a wall panel (31) and a vertical reinforcing steel (32). The vertical reinforcing steel (32) is installed on the wall panel (31) in a vertical direction. Both the wall panel (31) and the vertical reinforcing steel (32) are fixed to the ground. A horizontal reinforcing beam (4) is fixedly installed on the wall panel (31) along the length direction of the wall panel (31); Angle steel (7), the angle steel (7) is fixed on the wall panel (31), and the angle steel (7) is welded to the vertical reinforcing steel (32); Fixed piles (2) are provided at both ends of the wall panel (31) along the length direction, and the horizontal reinforcing beam (4) is fixedly connected to the fixed piles (2). The fixed piles (2) are fixedly provided on the ground. Hollow anchor rod (6) is installed on the fixed pile (2) and anchored into the rock mass of the adjacent slope (100).

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