Method and machine for synchronous male parent transplanting and female parent sowing and covering in hybrid rice seed production

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for synchronized male parent transplanting and female parent sowing and covering during hybrid rice seed production. Initially, male parent seedlings are raised, female parent seeds are soaked and germinated, and the field is prepared. Subsequently, seed production machinery is used to synchronize and combine the male parent seedlings, furrowing, direct seeding of female parent seeds, and soil (substrate) covering of direct seeded seeds. The present invention also discloses a machine for synchronized male parent transplanting and female parent sowing and covering during hybrid rice seed production. The machine is an all-in-one direct seeding and transplanting machine equipped with a furrowing device, a sowing system, a substrate covering system, and seedling transplanting functions. This invention centralizes tasks that would otherwise require multiple trips to the field, simplifying the seed production process. The machine has a simple structure and, relying on the ease of assembly and disassembly of the transplanter, controls the male parent row ratio by rationally arranging the seed meter, reserving the number of transplanting rows, and rationally planning the work tasks and paths. This facilitates adjustment, effectively promoting the development of mechanized seed production and improving seed production efficiency and yield.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular to a method and machine for synchronous male parent transplanting and female parent sowing and covering in hybrid rice seed production. Background Art

[0002] The hybrid rice seed production and planting process is complicated, and the flowering conditions are poor, which requires a large amount of manpower and material resources, restricting the promotion and application of hybrid rice. Improving the mechanization rate of hybrid rice seed production is an important part of achieving seed industry development.

[0003] Currently, hybrid rice seed production and planting models in my country primarily include traditional manual transplanting of parental lines, semi-mechanized planting, and mechanized planting. Mechanized hybrid rice seed production and planting techniques can be divided into two approaches: one is to transplant both parental lines separately by machine, but this requires the transplanter to be deployed twice, which can easily create wide and narrow rows, affecting pollination of the female line, and different row ratios and row spacings require different transplanters. The other is to simultaneously transplant the male line and direct-seed the female line for parents with significantly different sowing dates, completing the planting of both lines in a single operation. Domestic researchers have conducted some research in this area, which has only recently been proposed. The main drawbacks are the different water requirements for transplanting and direct-seeding, as well as the low seedling success rate of direct-seeding rice. New mechanized seed production methods and agricultural machinery are urgently needed for mechanized rice seed production. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve the problems of cumbersome operation steps and low operation efficiency for hybrid rice varieties with a 20-30 day difference in sowing period between the male and female parents. In order to address the problems of different water requirements of the male and female parents in hybrid rice seed production and the high seedling success rate of the female parent through direct seeding, a method and apparatus for synchronized male parent transplanting and female parent sowing and covering in hybrid rice seed production are proposed. The technical solutions of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned technical problems are as follows:

[0005] The method and machine for synchronous male parent transplanting and female parent sowing and covering in hybrid rice seed production include the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: The male parent is transplanted with conventional machine to raise seedlings. Before sowing, the female parent seeds are soaked in a 200 mg / L prochloraz solution for 12 hours and then soaked in clean water for 12 hours. After soaking, the seeds are dried and bird repellent is added and stirred to ensure that the bird repellent is evenly coated on the seeds.

[0007] Step 2: Before the operation, irrigate the seed production field and rotary till the soil, let it settle for one day, drain the open water in the field one day before the operation, and spray the closed herbicide;

[0008] Step 3: Using a hybrid rice synchronous transplanting and seeding machine to carry out synchronous joint operations in the seed production field according to the operating steps, planting male parent seedlings, digging furrows, direct seeding female parent seeds, and covering the direct seeded seeds with soil (substrate);

[0009] Step 4: The hybrid rice synchronous transplanting and seeding machine can sow n rows of female parent seeds and x rows of male parent seedlings at a time, where n is a multiple of 2. During operation, the machine levels the field and simultaneously creates water ditches, seed trenches, and transplanting trenches. The machine sows n rows of female parent seeds in the seed trenches and covers them with a substrate, while simultaneously inserting x rows of male parent seedlings into the transplanting trenches. After the operation is completed, the seed trenches are clear, while the water ditches and transplanting trenches are filled with water. The female parent seeds are covered with a substrate, and the male parent seedlings' roots are submerged in water. By selecting different operation routes and starting and stopping the transplanting function block, different parent-child row ratios can be achieved, such as x:n, 2x:2n, x:2n, and 2x:3n.

[0010] A method for synchronous male parent transplanting and female parent sowing and covering in hybrid rice seed production and a machine for agricultural machinery equipment are provided, which are hybrid rice synchronous transplanting and sowing seed production machines. The hybrid rice synchronous transplanting and sowing seed production machine is equipped with a furrowing device, a sowing system, a matrix covering system and a seedling planting function; the furrowing device, the sowing system and the matrix covering system are installed at the rear of the transplanter and are relatively fixed to the transplanter frame; the furrowing device is located in front of the sowing system and the matrix covering system, and is installed below the transplanter seedling box, at the original floating plate position; the sowing system is located in front of the matrix covering system, and power is transmitted between the two by a chain.

[0011] The sowing system includes a seed box, a seed meter, a seed meter shaft, a crossbeam and a power motor. The seed box for storing seeds is installed above the seed meter through a threaded connection and is connected to the seed meter. n seed meters and seed boxes are evenly distributed on the crossbeam and fixed to the crossbeam through U-shaped clips. The seed meter shaft runs through all the seed meters. The power motor is installed on the crossbeam. The crossbeam is fixedly connected to the seedling box frame of the rice transplanter and is lifted or lowered together with the seedling box during operation.

[0012] The matrix covering system includes a seed box, a material box bracket, a discharge conveyor, a discharge shaft, a sprocket and a chain. Each material box for storing the matrix is ​​installed above the two discharge conveyors through a threaded connection and is communicated with the discharge conveyor. The discharge shaft and the sprocket chain are installed between the two discharge conveyors installed in one material box. All material boxes and discharge conveyors are evenly distributed on the material box bracket and are fixed to the material box bracket through a threaded connection. Each discharge conveyor is vertically facing a seeding system seeding device, and the material box bracket is fixedly connected to the seeding system beam.

[0013] The furrowing device includes a floating plate, a water ditch furrow opener, a seed furrow opener and a transplanting furrow opener; the floating plate is boat-shaped, with an upturned front end and a flat surface with mounting holes at the rear; the water ditch furrow opener, the seed furrow opener and the transplanting furrow opener are installed under the flat surface through threaded connections.

[0014] Furthermore, in the furrowing device, the number of transplanting furrow openers is 1, and the transplanting furrow opener is located vertically facing the parent row position where the transplanter is transplanting rice seedlings, and the furrowing width is the width of x+1 rows of transplanting rice seedlings. There are n seed furrow openers, which are evenly distributed on the plane part of the floating plate. Each seed furrow opener is vertically facing a seeding system seeding device and a matrix system material discharging conveyor, and a water ditch opener is installed between every two seed furrow openers.

[0015] Furthermore, when the sowing system is working, the power motor drives the seeding shaft to drive the seeding wheel to rotate so that the seeding device discharges seeds. When the matrix covering system is working, the chain transmission is used to drive the seeding shaft of the seeding system to drive the discharge shaft to drive the discharge conveyor to discharge the matrix.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] 1. The present invention combines the work that originally required multiple field operations into one, and completes furrowing, sowing, and transplanting simultaneously, thereby improving seed production efficiency and reducing seed production costs;

[0018] 2. The present invention can control the parent-child row ratio by rationally arranging the seed meter and the number of reserved transplanting rows, and rationally planning the operation tasks and paths, making it easy to adjust, effectively promoting the development of mechanized seed production and planting, and increasing yields;

[0019] 3. The furrowing device, sowing system, and substrate covering system used in the machine of the present invention adopt modular design technology. The overall structure is compact and simple, easy to install, replace, and adjust, stable and reliable, and can be installed on different rice transplanters, with wide adaptability.

[0020] 4. The sowing system and substrate covering system used in the machine of the present invention adopt motor-driven seeding and substrate covering, which has higher operation accuracy. Combined with electronic control technology, it can better meet the requirements of precise hole sowing, improve seeding accuracy and work efficiency, save costs, and improve planting benefits.

[0021] 5. In the method of the present invention, a matrix covering operation is performed on the seeds after sowing, which effectively protects the seeds, improves the germination rate and seedling rate of the mother seeds, and ultimately increases the seed production yield. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a planting pattern for a method of synchronous male parent transplanting and female parent sowing and covering in hybrid rice seed production according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the operation path of four different row ratios of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a rice transplanter for seed production;

[0025] Figure 4This is a rear view of a rice transplanter for seed production;

[0026] Figure 5 It is the structural diagram of the seeding system;

[0027] Figure 6 It is the structural diagram of the discharge system;

[0028] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the trenching device structure.

[0029] 1. Rice transplanter for seed production; 11. Rice transplanter seedling box; 2. Sowing system; 21. Seed box; 22. Seed meter; 23. Seed meter shaft; 24. Motor; 25. Crossbeam; 3. Discharge system; 31. Seed box; 32. Seed box bracket; 33. Discharge conveyor; 34. Discharge shaft; 35. Sprocket; 36. Chain; 4. Furrowing device; 41. Floating plate; 42. Water ditch opener; 43. Seed furrow opener; 44. Transplanting furrow opener. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0031] A method for synchronously transplanting male parents and sowing and covering female parents in hybrid rice seed production comprises the following steps:

[0032] Step 1: The male parent is transplanted with conventional machine to raise seedlings. The female parent seeds are soaked in a 200mg / L prochloraz solution for 12 hours before sowing, and then soaked in clean water for 12 hours. After soaking, the seeds are dried and bird repellent is added.

[0033] Stir to evenly coat the seeds with the bird repellent;

[0034] Step 2: Before the operation, the seed production field is irrigated and rotary tilled, and the soil is allowed to settle for one day. The day before the operation, the open water in the field is drained and a closed herbicide is sprayed;

[0035] Step 3: Using a hybrid rice synchronous transplanting and seeding machine to carry out synchronous joint operations in the seed production field according to the operating steps, planting male parent seedlings, digging furrows, direct seeding female parent seeds, and covering the direct seeded seeds with soil (substrate);

[0036] Step 4: The hybrid rice synchronous transplanting and sowing machine can sow n rows of female parent seeds and x rows of male parent seedlings at a time, where n is a multiple of 2. During operation, the machine levels the field and simultaneously creates water ditches, seeding trenches, and transplanting trenches. The machine sows n rows of female parent seeds in the seeding trenches and covers them with a substrate, while simultaneously inserting x rows of male parent seedlings into the transplanting trenches. After the operation is completed, the seeding trenches are free of water, while the water ditches and transplanting trenches are filled with water. The female parent seeds are covered with a substrate, and the roots of the male parent seedlings are submerged in water. By selecting different operation routes and starting and stopping the transplanting function block, different parent-child row ratios can be achieved, such as x:n, 2x:2n, x:2n, and 2x:3n.

[0037] The operation method for performing the x:n row ratio is as follows:

[0038] like Figure 2 Each compartment carries out n rows of female parent seed sowing and x rows of male parent seedling transplanting operations. The machine runs in the same direction in each compartment. First, turn on all operating functions. After working in one compartment, turn off all functions, drive the transplanter in reverse or around to the starting position of the next compartment, and continue working.

[0039] The operation method for performing the 2x:2n row ratio is as follows:

[0040] like Figure 2 Each compartment is used to sow n rows of female parent seeds and transplant x rows of male parent seedlings. The machine runs in opposite directions in each compartment and operates in a conventional "S"-shaped route. All operating functions are turned on. After operating one compartment, it turns around and operates in the next compartment.

[0041] The operation method for performing the x:2n row ratio is as follows:

[0042] like Figure 2 The machines in each compartment run in opposite directions and operate in a conventional "S"-shaped route. First, all the operating functions are turned on, and after sowing n rows of female parent seeds and x rows of male parent seedlings in one compartment, the transplanting function is turned off, and the machine turns around to sow n rows of female parent seeds in the next compartment. Then, the machine turns around and turns on all the functions to repeat the operation in this way.

[0043] The operation method for the 2x:3n row ratio is as follows:

[0044] like Figure 2 First, turn on all operating functions, sow n rows of female parent seeds and transplant x rows of male parent seedlings in one compartment, then turn off the transplanting function, turn around and sow n rows of female parent seeds in the next compartment, then turn off all functions, drive the transplanter in reverse or circle to the starting position of the next compartment, turn on all operating functions, sow n rows of female parent seeds and transplant x rows of male parent seedlings in the same direction as the second compartment, then turn around and start repeating the operation in this way.

[0045] The hybrid rice synchronous transplanting and sowing seed machine comprises a furrowing device 4, a sowing system 2, a substrate covering system 3 and a transplanter 1 with a seedling transplanting function;

[0046] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 The riding rice transplanter 1 is a carrier for the method of the present invention and a carrier of all functional bodies; the seed transplanter 1 includes n seed-metering devices and reserves x rows of transplanting rows for operation, where n is a multiple of 2, and can perform n rows of female parent seed sowing and x rows of male parent seedling transplanting operations at one time. In the figure, n is 6 and x is 2;

[0047] like Figure 5 The sowing system 2 includes a seed box 21, a seed meter 22, a seed meter shaft 23, a motor 24, and a crossbeam 25.

[0048] Its position relationship and working principle are as follows: the sowing system 2 is located to the left of the rear of the rice transplanter seedling box 11, and the right side of the sowing system 2 is the x rows of rice transplanting rows reserved for the rice transplanter 1. The seed box 21 for storing seeds is installed above the seed meter 22 through a threaded connection and is connected to the seed meter. N seed meters 22 and seed boxes 21 are evenly distributed on the crossbeam 25 and are fixed to the crossbeam 25 through U-shaped clips. The spacing between the seed meters 22 is adjustable, and the seeding shaft 23 runs through all the seed meters 22. The power motor 24 is installed on the crossbeam 25, and the crossbeam 25 is fixedly connected to the rice transplanter seedling box frame.

[0049] When working, the unused transplanting row grab in front of the sowing system 2 is closed, and the power motor 24 drives the seeding shaft 23 to drive the seeding wheel in the seeding device 22 to rotate so that the seeding device 22 discharges seeds. The mother parent seeds are sown in rows and holes in the seed furrow. The sowing amount is 6-8 seeds / hole, and the hole distance is adjustable. The sowing system 2 is lifted or lowered together with the seeding box 11.

[0050] like Figure 6 The substrate covering system 3 includes a material box 31, a material box bracket 32, a discharge conveyor 33, a discharge shaft 34, a sprocket 35, and a chain 36.

[0051] Its positional relationship and working principle are as follows: the matrix covering system 3 is behind the sowing system 2, and each material box 31 for storing the matrix is ​​installed above the two discharge conveyors 33 through a threaded connection and communicates with the discharge conveyor 33, and a discharge shaft 34 and a sprocket 35 chain 36 are installed between the two discharge conveyors 33 that together install a material box 31. All the material boxes 31 and discharge conveyors 33 are evenly distributed on the material box bracket 32 ​​and are fixed on the material box bracket 32 ​​through a threaded connection. Each discharge conveyor 33 is facing a seeding system seeding device 22 in the vertical direction, and the material box bracket 32 ​​is fixedly connected to the seeding system crossbeam 25; when working, the chain drive causes the seeding system seeding shaft 23 to drive the discharge shaft 34 to drive the conveyor belt in the discharge conveyor 33 to carry the matrix to move, so that the matrix is ​​discharged evenly and continuously, covering the mother seed row in the field, and the matrix completely covers the seeds. The covering system 3 is lifted or lowered together with the sowing system 2.

[0052] like Figure 7 The furrowing device 4 includes a floating plate 41, a water furrow opener 42, a seed furrow opener 43 and a transplanting furrow opener 44; its position, connection relationship and working principle are as follows: the furrowing device 4 is located behind the rice transplanter 1 and is installed at the original floating plate position of the rice transplanter 1. The floating plate 41 is a boat shape with an upward front end and a flat surface with mounting holes at the rear; the water furrow opener 42, the seed furrow opener 43 and the transplanting furrow opener 44 are installed below the flat surface through threaded connections; the number of the transplanting furrow opener 44 is 1. The transplanting furrow opener 44 is in the vertical direction facing the father row position where the transplanter 1 is performing transplanting work. The width of the transplanting furrow opener 44 is the width of x+1 rows of transplanting seedlings, and x is 2 as shown in the figure; there are n seed furrow openers 43, and n is 6 as shown in the figure, which are evenly distributed on the plane part of the floating plate 41. Each seed furrow opener 43 is in the vertical direction facing a seeding system seeding device 22 and a matrix system discharge conveyor 33, and a water furrow opener 42 is installed between every two seed furrow openers 43.

[0053] During operation, the furrowing device 4 is pulled by the transplanter 1 and slides on the seed field surface to perform operations. The floating plate 41 levels the field surface. Three different furrow openers simultaneously open water furrows, seed furrows and transplanting furrows. The water furrow is 70mm deep and 80mm wide; the seed furrow is 20mm deep and 40mm wide; the transplanting furrow is 50mm deep and the width is the width of x+1 rows of transplanted seedlings. After the operation is completed, there is no water in the seed furrow, but there is water in the water furrow and the transplanting furrow. The maximum water depth in the water furrow is 50mm, and the maximum water depth in the transplanting furrow is 30mm.

[0054] In order to clarify the implementation effect of the present invention, the applicant conducted a comparative test on hybrid rice synchronous transplanting and sowing with covered substrate and without covered substrate in Dongpo District, Meishan City in 2023. A hybrid rice synchronous transplanting and sowing seed making machine was used for field production according to the method of the present invention, and then the machine substrate covering system 3 was removed to carry out field production without covering substrate.

[0055] The number of seeds sown after sowing, the number of seedlings emerging 7 days after sowing and the number of seedlings established 15 days after sowing were investigated for 20 consecutive holes of mother parent seeds sown in the two experimental groups with and without substrate covering. The germination rate and seedling survival rate were calculated. The results are listed in Table 1.

[0056] Table 1 Seedling emergence rate and seedling success rate after sowing with and without covering the substrate

[0057]

[0058] As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the sowing method without covering the matrix, the emergence rate and seedling rate of the mother rice increased when the matrix-covered sowing method of the present invention was used, and the seedling rate increased by 8.23 ​​percentage points. Sowing with covered matrix can effectively increase the final seed production yield at the same sowing amount.

[0059] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification or equivalent replacement of the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention shall be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for synchronously transplanting male parents and sowing and covering female parents in hybrid rice seed production, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: The male parent of the seed production is subjected to machine transplanting and seedling raising, and the female parent seeds are soaked in a prochloraz solution and clean water before sowing, the seeds are dried and a bird repellent is added to the seeds for seed dressing; S2: Before the operation, the seed production plot was irrigated and rotary tilled, and the soil was allowed to settle for one day. The clear water was drained one day before the operation, and a closed herbicide was sprayed; S3: using the hybrid rice synchronous transplanting sowing and seed production machine to perform operations in the seed production field according to the operation steps, and synchronously completing the planting of male parent seedlings, furrowing, direct sowing of female parent seeds, and covering of direct sowing seeds; the hybrid rice synchronous transplanting sowing and seed production machine can perform n rows of female parent seed sowing and x rows of male parent seedling transplanting operations at a time, where n is a multiple of 2; during operation, the hybrid rice synchronous transplanting sowing and seed production machine levels the surface of the field and simultaneously opens water furrows, seed furrows, and transplanting furrows; the hybrid rice synchronous transplanting sowing and seed production machine can sow n rows of female parent seeds into the seed furrows and cover the seeds with a matrix, while inserting x rows of male parent seedlings into the transplanting furrows; after the operation is completed, there is no water in the seed furrows, but there is water in the water furrows and the transplanting furrows, the female parent seeds are covered under the matrix, and the roots of the male parent seedlings can be immersed in water; during operation, different parent-child row ratios can be achieved by selecting different operation routes and start-stop operations of the transplanting function block; The hybrid rice synchronous transplanting seeding machine comprises a furrowing device (4), a sowing system (2), a matrix covering system (3), and a rice transplanter (1) with a rice seedling transplanting function; the furrowing device (4), the sowing system (2), and the matrix covering system (3) are installed at the rear of the rice transplanter (1) and are relatively fixed to the rice transplanter frame; the furrowing device (4) is located in front of the sowing system (2) and the matrix covering system (3), and is installed below the rice transplanter seedling box (11); the sowing system (2) is located in front of the matrix covering system (3), and power is transmitted between the two by a chain; The sowing system (2) includes a seed box (21), a seeding device (22), a seeding shaft (23), a crossbeam (25) and a power motor (24); the seed box (21) for storing seeds is installed above the seeding device (22) through a threaded connection and communicates with the seeding device (22); n seeding devices (22) and seed boxes (21) are evenly distributed on the crossbeam (25) and fixed on the crossbeam (25) through a U-shaped card; the seeding shaft (23) passes through all the seeding devices (22); the power motor (24) is installed on the crossbeam (25); the crossbeam (25) is fixedly connected to the seeding box frame of the rice transplanter, and is lifted or lowered together with the seeding box (11) during operation; The matrix covering system (3) includes a material box (31), a material box bracket (32), a discharge conveyor (33), a discharge shaft (34), a sprocket (35) and a chain (36). Each material box (31) storing the matrix is ​​installed above the two discharge conveyors (33) through a threaded connection and communicates with the discharge conveyors (33). The discharge shaft (34), the sprocket (35) and the chain (36) are installed between the two discharge conveyors (33) of which one material box (31) is installed together. All the material boxes (31) and the discharge conveyors (33) are evenly distributed on the material box bracket (32) and fixed on the material box bracket (32) through a threaded connection. Each discharge conveyor (33) faces a sowing system seed meter (22) in the front and rear directions. The material box bracket (32) is fixedly connected to the sowing system crossbeam (25); The furrowing device (4) comprises a floating plate (41), a water furrow opener (42), a seed furrow opener (43) and a transplanting furrow opener (44); the floating plate (41) is in the shape of a boat, with an upwardly tilted front end and a flat surface with mounting holes at the rear; the water furrow opener (42), the seed furrow opener (43) and the transplanting furrow opener (44) are mounted below the flat surface through threaded connections; The seed furrow openers (43) are directly opposite to the seed metering device (22) and the material discharging conveyor (33) in the front-back direction; and a water furrow opener (42) is installed between every two seed furrow openers (43).

2. The method for synchronous male parent transplanting and female parent sowing and covering in hybrid rice seed production according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the furrowing device (4), the number of the transplanting furrow opener (44) is 1, the transplanting furrow opener (44) is located in the front-back direction facing the parent row of the rice transplanter (1) for transplanting rice seedlings, and the width of the transplanting furrow opener (44) is the width of x+1 rows of transplanting rice seedlings; and the number of the seed furrow openers (43) is n, which are evenly distributed on the plane part of the floating plate (41).

3. The method for synchronous male parent transplanting and female parent sowing and covering in hybrid rice seed production according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the sowing system (2) is working, the power motor (24) drives the seeding shaft (23) to drive the seeding wheel to rotate so that the seeding device (22) discharges seeds. When the matrix covering system (3) is working, the sowing system seeding shaft (23) drives the discharge shaft (34) through the chain transmission to drive the discharge conveyor (33) to discharge the matrix.

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