A Test Method for Roller Inclination Angle Distribution in Double-Row Tapered Roller Bearings

Abstract

This invention provides a method for testing the roller tilt angle distribution of a double-row tapered roller bearing. First, a calibration experiment is performed. At least three strain gauges are arranged equidistantly on the outer surface of the bearing outer ring corresponding to each roller in the load-bearing area. By loading a single roller, the strain response of all strain measurement points on the outer ring corresponding to each roller in the load-bearing area of ​​the test bearing is obtained. This allows for the determination of the load measurement point positions unaffected by roller tilt under different tilt directions, as well as the corresponding load transfer coefficient and roller tilt angle calibration coefficient. Then, the strain measurement points of the test bearing are rearranged. The newly arranged test bearing and test bearing housing are installed at the work site. Combined with the calibration results, the roller tilt angle distribution of the bearing in its in-situ state can be calculated. This invention uses smaller strain gauges, making installation in practical environments more convenient and allowing for easier tilt angle distribution testing. This invention can be directly installed at the work site after calibration on a simple test bench, thus having wider applicability. This invention can monitor the roller tilt state of the load-bearing area of ​​the rolling bearing online in real time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bearing testing technology, and specifically to a method for testing the roller tilt angle distribution of double-row tapered roller bearings. Background Technology

[0002] Rolling bearings are critical components ensuring the safe operation of high-speed locomotives, especially high-speed, heavy-load double-row tapered roller bearings, whose operating condition directly affects the service life of related machinery. However, the rolling motion of these bearings is not ideal. Factors such as structural geometry, assembly errors, shaft deformation, and load disturbances inevitably lead to uneven distribution of contact pressure on the roller raceways, causing the rollers to tilt. In most cases, roller tilting is detrimental to rolling bearings because it causes stress concentration, drastically increases local heat generation, and significantly impacts bearing life. Therefore, obtaining information on the roller tilting state of double-row tapered roller bearings under actual operating conditions is essential, as it is crucial for monitoring the actual operating condition of the bearing and evaluating its frictional performance.

[0003] When a roller tilts, one side of the roller gradually separates from the outer raceway, and the resulting angle is called the roller tilt angle. Currently, the roller tilt angle distribution is mostly obtained through theoretical calculations. However, in the actual operating environment of a bearing, factors such as assembly, temperature, and lubrication can cause the calculated internal load distribution to differ from reality, thus affecting the accuracy of the roller tilt angle calculation. To more accurately and promptly understand the tilt angle during bearing operation, real-time testing of the internal tilt angle distribution is necessary. Existing roller tilt angle testing methods still rely on ultrasonic testing of the oil film thickness at both ends of the roller. This method has several drawbacks for in-situ testing: 1. The space in the actual bearing operating environment is limited, making the placement and fixing of ultrasonic sensors relatively difficult; 2. Storing liquid coupling agents at different azimuth angles is also challenging; 3. Due to the high sampling frequency of ultrasonic sensors, continuous monitoring is not possible. This makes existing methods unsuitable for in-situ roller tilt testing of rolling bearings, thus hindering the development of bearing in-situ condition monitoring and life prediction technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an electrical measurement method for obtaining the roller tilt angle distribution in the load-bearing area of ​​a double-row tapered roller bearing.

[0005] This invention is achieved using the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for testing the roller tilt angle distribution of a double-row tapered roller bearing, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Prepare a test bearing, which includes an inner ring, an outer ring, a cage, and multiple rollers;

[0008] (2) Arrange the calibration test strain gauges. According to the bearing size and the number of rollers in the load area, at least three strain gauges are attached side by side at equal intervals along the length of the rollers on the outer surface of the outer ring of the test bearing corresponding to the position of each roller in the load area to form an array strain gauge. The two outermost strain gauges correspond to the large and small ends of the rollers respectively. The line connecting the center of the sensitive grid of the array strain gauge is parallel to the rotation center line of the test bearing. Connect the array strain gauge and the strain acquisition device.

[0009] (3) Prepare a test bearing housing. Machine multiple axial through grooves on the inner surface of the test bearing housing. The number of axial through grooves is the same as the number of rollers of the test bearing. Assemble the test bearing into the test bearing housing. The position of the rollers of the test bearing corresponds one-to-one with the position of the axial through grooves of the test bearing housing.

[0010] (4) Replace the inner ring of the test bearing with a calibration bushing. The calibration bushing has a radial protrusion that can individually contact any one of the rollers to obtain a calibration bearing, and then perform a calibration experiment.

[0011] (5) The strain of the array strain gauges corresponding to each roller orientation in the bearing area under different loads, different roller tilt angles and different tilt directions is obtained from the calibration experiment. Then, the load measurement point position that is not affected by the roller tilt under different tilt directions is determined. Then, the strain-load transfer coefficient is calculated based on the strain change of the load measurement point at different azimuth angles and the change of the applied radial load in the calibration experiment.

[0012] (6) According to the calibration experiment, when only a radial load is applied to a certain roller and the roller does not tilt, the strain change of the outer ring measuring points corresponding to the large and small ends of all rollers in the bearing area is obtained. Combined with the applied radial load, the strain-load transfer coefficients corresponding to the two measuring points are further calculated.

[0013] (7) The relationship between the strain values ​​of the outer ring measuring points at the large and small ends of the bearing roller in the corresponding strain array when the bearing roller tilts and the strain change of the two measuring points when the bearing roller does not tilt, obtained from the calibration experiment, is calculated to determine the slope of the roller tilt relationship curve.

[0014] (8) Further fit the relationship between the slope of the inclined curve determined in step (7) and the applied radial load;

[0015] (9) Replace the calibrated bushing with the inner ring of the bearing to perform the overall bearing test, rearrange the strain measurement points of the test bearing, and arrange three strain gauges in parallel on the outer surface of the bearing outer ring corresponding to all azimuth rollers. Two strain gauges are arranged at the outer ring measurement points corresponding to the large end and small end of the roller, respectively, and the other strain gauge is arranged at the load measurement point position determined in step (5) that is not affected by the roller tilt.

[0016] (10) Install the re-laid test bearing and test bearing housing at the work site and conduct tilt angle distribution test. The processor collects the strain distribution on the outer surface of the outer ring of the bearing.

[0017] (11) The load distribution inside the test bearing under actual working conditions was calculated;

[0018] (12) Calculate the strain values ​​of the outer ring measuring points at the large and small ends of the rollers in the load-bearing area when all rollers are not tilted;

[0019] (13) Calculate the difference in strain amplitude between the large and small ends of the roller in the bearing area and the slope of the roller inclination angle relationship curve by measuring the load distribution;

[0020] (14) The roller tilt angle distribution of the test bearing under actual working conditions was calculated.

[0021] The method for testing the roller tilt angle distribution of a double-row tapered roller bearing is characterized by:

[0022] In step (4), a radial load P is applied to the roller numbered β by calibrating the bushing. β By changing the deviation angle and deflection direction between the calibration bushing and the outer ring of the calibration bearing, the tilt angle of roller number β can be indirectly adjusted. A beam of incident laser light is horizontally incident on the end face of roller number β. When roller number β tilts, the original reflected light path is deflected. The displacement d1 and d2 of the reflected light spot on the projection screen are recorded by a camera and converted into the tilt angle of roller number β by combining geometric relationships.

[0023]

[0024] Where: θ tilt The tilt angle of the roller numbered β;

[0025] L is the horizontal distance from the incident light source to the end face of the roller numbered β;

[0026] A is the angle of incidence;

[0027] d1 and d2 are the displacements of the reflected light spot when the roller numbered β is tilted counterclockwise and clockwise, respectively;

[0028] The positive and negative signs represent different roller tilting directions. A positive sign means the roller tilts counterclockwise, and a negative sign means the roller tilts clockwise. The roller tilting direction is defined as follows: if tilting increases the pressure at the large end of the roller, it is considered counterclockwise tilting; if tilting increases the pressure at the small end of the roller, it is considered clockwise tilting.

[0029] In this way, the array strain gauge can detect the strain response of the roller numbered β to the outer ring position corresponding to the roller numbered α in the bearing bearing load area.

[0030] The method for testing the roller tilt angle distribution of a double-row tapered roller bearing is characterized by:

[0031] In step (5), the formula for calculating the strain-load transfer factor is:

[0032]

[0033] Where: k α-β The strain-load transfer factor for measuring points unaffected by tilt angle;

[0034] ε α-β When only roller number β is bearing the load, the strain response of the test bearing outer ring corresponding to roller number α in the load area is not affected by the tilt angle.

[0035] P β The radial load applied to the roller numbered β during the calibration experiment.

[0036] The method for testing the roller tilt angle distribution of a double-row tapered roller bearing is characterized by:

[0037] In step (6), the strain-load transfer coefficient at the large and small ends of the roller numbered α is:

[0038]

[0039] Where: ε α-β-L,S-0 Only the roller numbered β bears P β The strain response of the outer ring position corresponding to the large and small ends of the roller numbered α in the bearing area when the radial load is applied and the roller numbered β does not tilt.

[0040] k α-β-L,S-0 When roller number β is not tilted, the strain-load transfer coefficients of the bearing outer ring measuring points at the large and small ends of roller number α in the load-bearing area are respectively.

[0041] L represents the large end of the roller, and S represents the small end of the roller.

[0042] The method for testing the roller tilt angle distribution of a double-row tapered roller bearing is characterized by:

[0043] In step (7), the slope of the roller tilt relationship curve is:

[0044]

[0045] Where: k β-P Only the roller numbered β bears P β The slope of the curve relating the difference in strain amplitude between the large and small ends of the roller numbered β and the inclination angle of the roller numbered β to the radial load.

[0046] ε β-L-θtilt , ε β-S-θtilt Only the roller numbered β bears P β The radial load, and when the roller's inclination angle is θ tilt At that time, the strain values ​​of the outer ring measuring points corresponding to the large and small ends of the roller numbered β;

[0047] ε β-L-0 , ε β-S-0 Only the roller numbered β bears P β The radial load, and the strain values ​​of the outer ring measuring points corresponding to the large and small ends of the roller numbered β when the roller is not tilted;

[0048] θ β-tilt The tilt angle of roller number β.

[0049] The method for testing the roller tilt angle distribution of a double-row tapered roller bearing is characterized by:

[0050] In step (8), the relationship between the slope of the roller tilt curve and the applied load is as follows:

[0051]

[0052] Where: k P For the roller orientation numbered β, the slope of the roller tilt relationship curve and the slope of the calibration radial load fitting curve are given.

[0053] The method for testing the roller tilt angle distribution of a double-row tapered roller bearing is characterized by:

[0054] In step (11), the actual working condition (load F) is calculated using the following formula. i Inner and outer circle deviation angle θ i Test the load distribution inside the bearing:

[0055] [F β ] = [k α-β ] -1 [ε α ]

[0056] Where: [ε α[This refers to the strain distribution at the load measuring point, which is unaffected by the tilt angle.]

[0057] [F β This is to test the load distribution inside the bearing.

[0058] The method for testing the roller tilt angle distribution of a double-row tapered roller bearing is characterized by:

[0059] In step (12), the strain values ​​at the outer ring measuring points corresponding to the large and small ends of the roller with bearing zone number α are calculated using the following formula when all rollers do not tilt:

[0060] [ε α-L,S-0 ] = [k α-β-L,S-0 ][F β ]

[0061] Where: [ε a-L,S-0 ] is when the load distribution is [F β When all rollers are not tilted, the strain distribution of the outer ring is shown at the large and small ends of the bearing area roller numbered α.

[0062] The method for testing the roller tilt angle distribution of a double-row tapered roller bearing is characterized by:

[0063] In step (13), when the load distribution is [F β The slope of the curve relating the difference in strain amplitude between the large and small ends of the roller in the load-bearing zone to the roller inclination angle is:

[0064]

[0065] The method for testing the roller tilt angle distribution of a double-row tapered roller bearing is characterized by:

[0066] In step (14), the roller tilt angle distribution is as follows:

[0067]

[0068] Where: [ε α-L ], [ε α-S ] are respectively when the load distribution is [F β When the bearing area is numbered α, the strain distribution at the outer ring measuring points corresponding to the large and small ends of the roller;

[0069] L represents the large end of the roller, and S represents the small end of the roller.

[0070] This invention has the following advantages over previous testing methods:

[0071] (1) The strain gauges used in the test method are relatively small in size, making them easy to install in the actual environment and easy to implement tilt angle distribution testing.

[0072] (2) This invention does not require testing on a complex dedicated test bench, but can be calibrated on a simple test bench and then directly installed at the work site, thus making it more widely applicable;

[0073] (3) The test method can monitor the roller tilt state of the bearing area of ​​the rolling bearing in real time online, and can effectively determine whether the rolling bearing is in the allowable working state, thereby avoiding disasters caused by roller tilt. Attached Figure Description

[0074] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall layout and loading of the calibration strain gauge provided by the present invention;

[0075] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The single-column sectional view is a schematic diagram of the patch scheme for bearing roller orientation and the optical path detection tilt angle scheme provided by the present invention.

[0076] Figure 3A This is a schematic diagram of the strain amplitude difference when an untilted roller rolls over the test area;

[0077] Figure 3B This is a schematic diagram of the strain amplitude difference when the inclined roller rolls over the test area;

[0078] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall layout and loading of the strain gauges for the overall testing experiment provided by the present invention;

[0079] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 The cross-sectional view is a schematic diagram of the patching scheme at any position in the overall test experiment provided by the present invention.

[0080] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Test bearing housing; 2. Test bearing outer ring; 3. Calibration bushing; 4. Axial groove; 5. Arrayed strain gauges; 5-1, 5-2, 5-3, 5-4 strain measurement points; 6. Roller; 7. Incident light path; 8. Reflected light path from the end face of the untilted roller; 9. Reflected light path from the end face of the tilted roller; 10. Projection screen; 11. Test bearing inner ring; 12. Calibration radial load P β Overall test radial load F i ; Inner and outer circle deviation angle θ i . Detailed Implementation

[0081] This invention provides a method for testing the roller tilt angle distribution of a double-row tapered roller bearing, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0082] (1) First, prepare the test bearing, such as Figure 4 As shown, the test bearing includes an inner ring 11, an outer ring 2, a cage, and multiple rollers 6;

[0083] (2) Then, set up the calibration strain gauges, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, based on the bearing size and the number of rollers in the load-bearing area, at least three strain gauges are attached side by side at equal intervals along the length of the roller 6 on the outer surface of the outer ring 2 of the test bearing corresponding to the position of each roller 6 in the load-bearing area, forming an array strain gauge 5. The two outermost strain gauges correspond to the large and small ends of the roller 6, respectively. The line connecting the centers of the sensitive grids of the array strain gauge 5 is parallel to the rotation center line of the test bearing, and the array strain gauge 5 is connected to the strain acquisition device (not shown).

[0084] (3) Prepare a test bearing housing 1. Machine multiple axial through grooves 4 on the inner surface of the test bearing housing 1. The number of axial through grooves 4 is the same as the number of rollers 6 of the test bearing. Assemble the test bearing into the test bearing housing 1, ensuring that the positions of the rollers 6 of the test bearing correspond one-to-one with the positions of the axial through grooves 4 of the test bearing housing.

[0085] (4) Figure 1 As shown, the inner ring 11 of the test bearing is replaced with a calibration sleeve 3, which has a radial protrusion capable of individually contacting any one of the rollers 6, thus obtaining a calibrated bearing, and then a calibration experiment is performed. Figure 2 As shown, a radial load P is applied to the roller numbered β by calibrating bushing 3. β By changing the deviation angle and deflection direction between the calibration sleeve 3 and the outer ring 2 of the calibration bearing, the tilt angle of the roller numbered β is indirectly adjusted. An incident laser beam 7 is horizontally incident on the polished end face of the roller numbered β. When the roller tilts, the original reflected light path 8 is transformed into a deflected reflected light path 9. The displacement d(d1, d2) of the reflected light spot on the projection screen 10 is recorded by a camera and, combined with geometric relationships, converted into the tilt angle of the roller numbered β (the tilt direction of the roller is defined as follows). Figure 5 As shown, if tilting increases the pressure at the large end of the roller, it is considered counterclockwise tilting (e.g., Figure 5 (Left roller), if the pressure at the small end of the roller increases, it is considered to be tilted clockwise (e.g., the roller on the left). Figure 5 Right side roller):

[0086]

[0087] Where: θ tilt The tilt angle of the roller numbered β;

[0088] L is the horizontal distance from the incident light source to the end face of the roller numbered β;

[0089] A is the angle of incidence;

[0090] d1 and d2 are the displacements of the reflected light spot when the roller numbered β is tilted counterclockwise and clockwise, respectively;

[0091] The plus and minus signs represent different roller tilt directions: a plus sign means the roller tilts counterclockwise, and a minus sign means the roller tilts clockwise.

[0092] Thus, the array strain gauge 5 can detect the strain response of the roller numbered β to the outer ring position corresponding to each roller numbered α in the bearing bearing load area.

[0093] (5) The strain of the array strain gauge 5 corresponding to each roller orientation in the load-bearing area under different loads, roller tilt angles, and tilt directions is obtained from the calibration experiment. This allows for the determination of the load measurement points 5-3 and 5-4, which are unaffected by the roller tilt angle, corresponding to different tilt directions. Figure 5 Then, based on the strain changes at this load measuring point at different azimuth angles and the changes in the applied radial load during the calibration experiment, the strain-load transfer coefficient can be calculated:

[0094]

[0095] Where: k α-β The strain-load transfer factor for measuring points unaffected by tilt angle;

[0096] ε α-β When only roller number β is bearing the load, the strain response of the test bearing outer ring corresponding to roller number α in the load area is not affected by the tilt angle.

[0097] P β The radial load applied to roller number β during the calibration experiment;

[0098] (6) The calibration experiment shows that P is applied only to the roller numbered β. β Under radial load, the relationship between strain and applied load at the outer ring measuring points corresponding to the large and small ends of roller α can be further calculated, allowing for the calculation of the strain-load transfer coefficient at the large and small ends of roller α.

[0099]

[0100] Where: ε α-β-L,S-0 Only the roller numbered β bears P β The strain response of the outer ring position corresponding to the large and small ends of the roller with bearing area number α when the radial load is applied and the roller does not tilt.

[0101] k α-β-L,S-0 When roller number β is not tilted, the strain-load transfer coefficients of the bearing outer ring measuring points at the large and small ends of roller number α in the load-bearing area are respectively.

[0102] L represents the large end of the roller, and S represents the small end of the roller;

[0103] (7) When the rollers occur Figure 2 During the tilting motion shown, the strain amplitude difference between the outer ring measuring points corresponding to the large and small ends of the roller will occur. Figures 3A to 3B The change. Through calibration experiments, it is possible to construct a system where the roller number is β and the tilt angle is θ. β-tilt At that time, in the corresponding strain array, the relationship between the difference in strain changes at measuring points 5-1 and 5-2 at the large and small ends of the roller relative to the strain changes at the two positions when there is no tilt and the roller tilt angle can be used to calculate the slope of the roller tilt relationship curve:

[0104]

[0105] Where: k β-P Only the roller numbered β bears P β The slope of the curve relating the difference in strain amplitude between the large and small ends of the roller and the outer ring measuring points to its inclination angle under radial load.

[0106] ε β-L-θtilt , ε β-S-θtilt Only the roller numbered β bears P β The radial load, and when the roller's inclination angle is θ tilt At that time, the strain values ​​of the outer ring measuring points corresponding to the large and small ends of the roller numbered β;

[0107] ε β-L-0 , ε β-S-0 Only the roller numbered β bears P β The radial load, and the strain values ​​of the outer ring measuring points corresponding to the large and small ends of the roller numbered β when the roller is not tilted;

[0108] θ β-tilt The tilt angle of roller number β;

[0109] (8) Then the relationship between the slope of the roller tilt curve and the applied load can be fitted:

[0110]

[0111] Where: k P For the roller orientation numbered β, the slope of the above roller tilt relationship curve and the slope of the calibration radial load fitting curve;

[0112] (9) Replace the calibrated bushing 3 with the bearing inner ring 11 and perform an overall bearing test. Rearrange the strain measurement points on the test bearing, such as... Figure 4 , Figure 5As shown, three strain gauges are arranged side by side on the outer surface of the bearing outer ring corresponding to all azimuth rollers. Two strain gauges are arranged at the outer ring measuring points 5-1 and 5-2 corresponding to the large and small ends of the rollers, respectively. The other strain gauge is arranged at the load measuring points 5-3 and 5-4 determined in step (5) that are not affected by the roller tilt. The number of strain gauges is three times the total number of rollers in the bearing being tested.

[0113] (10) Install the re-laid test bearing and test bearing housing 1 at the work site and conduct tilt angle distribution test. The processor collects the strain distribution on the outer surface of the outer ring of the bearing.

[0114] (11) The actual working condition (load F) can be calculated using the following formula. i Inner and outer circle deviation angle θ i Test the load distribution inside the bearing:

[0115] [F β ] = [k α-β ] -1 [ε α ]

[0116] Where: [ε α [This refers to the strain distribution at load measuring points 5-3 and 5-4, which are unaffected by tilt angle;]

[0117] [F β To test the load distribution inside the bearing;

[0118] (12) The strain values ​​at the outer ring measuring points corresponding to the large and small ends of the roller with bearing zone number α can be calculated using the following formula when all rollers are not tilted:

[0119] [ε α-L,S-0 ] = [k α-β-L,S-0 ][F β ]

[0120] Where: [ε a-L,S-0 ] is when the load distribution is [F β When all rollers are not tilted, the strain distribution of the outer ring corresponding to the large and small ends of the roller with bearing area number α;

[0121] (13) When the load distribution is [F β The slope of the curve relating the difference in strain amplitude between the large and small ends of the roller in the load-bearing zone to the roller inclination angle:

[0122]

[0123] (14) Then the roller tilt angle distribution can be calculated:

[0124]

[0125] Where: [εα-L ], [ε α-S ] are respectively when the load distribution is [F β When the bearing area is numbered α, the strain distribution at the outer ring measuring points corresponding to the large and small ends of the roller;

[0126] L represents the large end of the roller, and S represents the small end of the roller.

[0127] The above description is illustrative only and not restrictive of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will understand that many modifications, variations or equivalents can be made without departing from the spirit and scope defined by the claims, and all such modifications, variations or equivalents will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of testing the roller tilt angle distribution of a double-row tapered roller bearing, characterized by, Including the following steps: (1) Prepare a test bearing, which includes an inner ring, an outer ring, a cage, and multiple rollers; (2) Arrange the calibration test strain gauges. According to the bearing size and the number of rollers in the load area, attach at least three strain gauges in parallel at equal intervals along the length of the rollers on the outer surface of the outer ring of the test bearing corresponding to the position of each roller in the load area to form an array strain gauge. The two outermost strain gauges correspond to the large and small ends of the rollers respectively. The center line of the sensitive grid of the array strain gauge is parallel to the rotation center line of the test bearing. Connect the array strain gauge and the strain acquisition device. (3) Prepare a test bearing housing. Machine multiple axial through grooves on the inner surface of the test bearing housing. The number of axial through grooves is the same as the number of rollers of the test bearing. Assemble the test bearing into the test bearing housing. The position of the rollers of the test bearing corresponds one-to-one with the position of the axial through grooves of the test bearing housing. (4) Replace the inner ring of the test bearing with a calibration bushing. The calibration bushing has a radial protrusion that can individually contact any one of the rollers to obtain a calibration bearing, and then perform a calibration experiment. (5) The strain of the array strain gauges corresponding to each roller orientation in the bearing area under different loads, different roller tilt angles and different tilt directions is obtained from the calibration experiment. Then, the load measurement point positions that are not affected by the roller tilt angle are determined for different tilt directions. Then, the strain-load transfer coefficient is calculated based on the strain change of the load measurement point position at different azimuth angles and the change of the applied radial load in the calibration experiment. (6) According to the calibration experiment, when only a radial load is applied to a certain roller and the roller does not tilt, the strain change of the outer ring measuring points corresponding to the large and small ends of all rollers in the bearing area is obtained. Combined with the applied radial load, the strain-load transfer coefficients corresponding to the two measuring points are further calculated. (7) The relationship between the strain values ​​of the outer ring measuring points at the large and small ends of the bearing roller when the bearing roller tilts and the strain change of the two measuring points when the bearing roller does not tilt, obtained from the calibration experiment, is the relationship between the bearing roller tilt angle and the strain value of the outer ring measuring points at the large and small ends of the bearing roller when the bearing roller tilts. The slope of the roller tilt relationship curve is calculated. (8) Further fit the relationship between the slope of the tilt curve determined in step (7) and the applied radial load; (9) Replace the calibrated bushing with the inner ring of the bearing to perform the overall bearing test, rearrange the strain measurement points of the test bearing, and arrange three strain gauges in parallel on the outer surface of the bearing outer ring corresponding to all azimuth rollers. Two strain gauges are arranged at the outer ring measurement points corresponding to the large end and small end of the roller, respectively, and the other strain gauge is arranged at the load measurement point position determined in step (5) that is not affected by the roller tilt. (10) Install the re-laid test bearing and test bearing housing at the work site and conduct tilt angle distribution test. The processor collects the strain distribution on the outer surface of the outer ring of the bearing. (11) The load distribution inside the test bearing under actual working conditions was calculated; (12) Calculate the strain values ​​at the outer ring measuring points at the large and small ends of the rollers in the load-bearing area when all rollers are not tilted; (13) Calculate the difference in strain amplitude between the large and small ends of the roller in the bearing area and the slope of the roller inclination angle relationship curve by measuring the load distribution; (14) The roller tilt angle distribution of the test bearing under actual working conditions was calculated; In step (4), the bushing numbered is calibrated. β Rollers apply radial load P β By changing the deviation angle and deflection direction between the calibration bushing and the outer ring of the calibration bearing, the bearing numbered [number missing] can be indirectly adjusted. β The tilt angle of the roller; a beam of incident laser light is horizontally incident on the roller numbered... β The end face of the roller, when the number is β When the roller tilts, the original reflected light path deflects, and the camera records the displacement of the reflected light spot on the projection screen. d1, d2 Combining geometric relationships, it is transformed into the numbered... β The tilt angle of the roller: ， in: θ tilt For the number β The tilt angle of the roller; L For the incident light source to the numbered β The horizontal distance between the end faces of the rollers; A Angle of incidence; d 1 , d 2 They are respectively numbered β The displacement of the reflected light spot when the roller tilts counterclockwise and clockwise; The positive and negative signs represent different roller tilting directions. A positive sign means the roller tilts counterclockwise, and a negative sign means the roller tilts clockwise. The roller tilting direction is defined as follows: if tilting increases the pressure at the large end of the roller, it is considered counterclockwise tilting; if tilting increases the pressure at the small end of the roller, it is considered clockwise tilting. Thus, the array strain gauge can detect the numbered... β The rollers are numbered according to the bearing load zone designation. α The strain response caused by the position of the outer ring corresponding to the roller; In step (5), the formula for calculating the strain-load transfer coefficient is: ， in: k α-β The strain-load transfer factor for measuring points unaffected by tilt angle; ε α-β For only the number is β When the rollers are under load, the load-bearing zone is numbered as follows: α The strain response of the test bearing outer ring corresponding to the roller is not affected by the tilt angle at the load measuring point; P β To calibrate the experiment for the numbered β The radial load applied by the rollers; In step (7), the slope of the roller tilt relationship curve is: ， in: k β-P Only those with the number β Roller bearing P β The radial load, numbered β The difference in strain amplitude between the large and small ends of the roller corresponding to the outer ring measuring points and the numbered β The slope of the curve relating the inclination angle of the rollers; ε β-L-θtilt , ε β-S-θtilt Only those with the number β Roller bearing P β The radial load, and when the inclination angle of the roller is θ tilt At that time, the number was β The strain values ​​of the outer ring measuring points corresponding to the large and small ends of the roller; ε β-L-0 , ε β-S-0 Only those with the number β Roller bearing P β The radial load, and when the roller is not tilted, is numbered as β The strain values ​​of the outer ring measuring points corresponding to the large and small ends of the roller; θ β-tilt For the number β The tilt angle of the roller.

2. The method for testing the roller tilt angle distribution of a double-row tapered roller bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (6), the number is α The strain-load transfer factor at the large and small ends of the roller is: ， in: ε α-β-L,S-0 Only those with the number β Roller bearing P β The radial load, and the number is β When the rollers are not tilted, the bearing area is numbered as follows: α The strain response of the roller at the large and small ends corresponding to the outer ring position; k α-β-L,S-0 For the number β When the rollers are not tilted, the bearing area is numbered as follows: α The large and small ends of the rollers correspond to the strain-load transfer coefficients of the measuring points on the outer ring of the bearing, respectively. L Represents the large end of the roller. S This represents the small end of the roller.

3. The method for testing the roller tilt angle distribution of a double-row tapered roller bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (8), the relationship between the slope of the roller tilt curve and the applied load is as follows: ， in: k P For the number β The roller orientation, the slope of the roller tilt relationship curve and the slope of the calibration radial load fitting curve.

4. The method for testing the roller tilt angle distribution of a double-row tapered roller bearing according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step (11), the load distribution inside the test bearing under actual working conditions is calculated using the following formula: ， in:[ ε α [This refers to the strain distribution at the load measuring point, which is unaffected by the tilt angle.] [ F β This is to test the load distribution inside the bearing.

5. The method for testing the roller tilt angle distribution of a double-row tapered roller bearing according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step (12), the bearing zone number is calculated using the following formula when all rollers do not tilt: α Strain values ​​at the outer ring measuring points corresponding to the large and small ends of the roller: ， in:[ ε a-L,S-0 ] is when the load distribution is [ F β When all rollers are not tilted, the number is... α The strain distribution of the outer ring corresponds to the large and small ends of the roller in the load-bearing area.

6. The method for testing the roller tilt angle distribution of a double-row tapered roller bearing according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step (13), when the load distribution is [ F β The slope of the curve relating the difference in strain amplitude between the large and small ends of the roller in the load-bearing zone to the roller inclination angle is: 。 7. The method for testing the roller tilt angle distribution of a double-row tapered roller bearing according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step (14), the roller tilt angle distribution is as follows: ， in:[ ε α-L ], [ ε α-S ] respectively when the load distribution is [ F β When ], the carrying area number is α Strain distribution at the outer ring measuring points corresponding to the large and small ends of the roller; L Represents the large end of the roller. S This represents the small end of the roller.

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