Channel water temperature - water level collaborative control method and system based on the inflow of external heat source

Abstract

The present invention relates to water conservancy channel control technology, specifically to a method and system for collaborative control of water temperature - water level in a channel based on the influx of external heat sources. It acquires real-time meteorological forecast data and channel hydraulic change data, and calculates the changes in water temperature and ice conditions in the channel. In view of the characteristics of the water temperature change in the channel, a water temperature control algorithm and a target water temperature threshold range are selected to establish a water temperature control system to achieve real-time control of the water temperature. On the basis of real-time water temperature control, water level feedback control is coupled to achieve collaborative regulation of water temperature - water level in the winter water conveyance channel. This regulation method can significantly increase the water temperature of the channel, relieve the ice condition of the channel, reduce the amount of external heat source influx, reduce the water level deviation of the channel, and ensure the safe, stable and efficient operation of the water conveyance system. It can perform rolling prediction based on the measured water and ice condition data, can be directly used to determine the control instructions for open channels, can significantly reduce the maximum overshoot of the water level in the operation and scheduling of the canal system, and is beneficial to improving the operation and management level of long-distance water diversion projects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of water conservancy channel control, and particularly relates to a method and system for collaborative control of channel water temperature and water level based on the inflow of external heat sources. Background Art

[0002] With the increase in population and the development of the economy, the contradiction between supply and demand caused by water resource shortage has become increasingly prominent. Building corresponding water storage and water diversion projects is an important measure to alleviate regional water resource shortage and optimize water resource allocation. However, long-distance water conveyance channels in high-latitude regions will face the problem of channel icing in winter, resulting in limited water conveyance capacity of the channels and threatening the safe operation of the channels.

[0003] For winter water conveyance channels, the decrease in winter temperature will cause icing in open water conveyance channels. Icing is a complex hydrological phenomenon affected by hydraulic and thermal factors, etc. Ice exists in open water conveyance channels in the forms of ice flowers, floating ice, bank ice, etc. Ice jams and ice dams will be generated in the channels under the influence of temperature and operation management, thereby hindering the cross-sectional area of water flow and reducing the water flow capacity of the channels. In severe cases, secondary disasters such as channel overflow and ice dam flood may occur. For a long time, the icing problem faced by long-distance water conveyance channels in high-latitude regions during winter operation has attracted the attention of scholars and engineering managers from various countries.

[0004] Currently, most water conveyance channels in high-latitude regions adopt the operation mode of water conveyance under the ice cover in winter, but this mode has strict restrictions on the water flow velocity, which will greatly reduce the water conveyance capacity of the channels and there is a risk of ice damage. Obviously, the potential hazards caused by icing during winter operation of water conveyance channels and the decrease in water conveyance capacity have become a huge obstacle restricting the safe operation of the project and the exertion of water supply benefits. Therefore, the method of introducing the bottom warm water of the diversion and storage reservoir, an external heat source, into the channel can be considered to increase the channel water temperature and alleviate icing.

[0005] Based on the method of alleviating channel icing by introducing heat sources, it is necessary to determine the generation, disappearance, and spatio-temporal evolution law of channel icing under the inflow of external heat sources and construct a collaborative regulation and control scheme for channel water temperature and water level. Most assume that the water source of the channel is only the upstream reservoir, and do not consider the changes in channel water temperature and icing under the inflow of external heat sources along the line. In fact, during the winter water conveyance process of the channel, the inflow of external heat sources has been proven to have a mitigating effect on icing and can increase the channel water temperature. Therefore, the influence of the inflow of external heat sources on channel icing can be explored.

[0006] However, during the water conveyance in winter, the external heat source does not need to be introduced into the channel all the time. On the one hand, when the water temperature in the main canal is higher than 0 °C and there is no ice situation in the channel, there is no need to introduce the warm water from the reservoir, and the available water volume in the regulating reservoir is limited, so it cannot continuously supply water to the channel during the winter water conveyance. On the other hand, at present, most of the open channels in winter operation adopt manual control, which has problems such as low flexibility and slow response. Therefore, it is of great significance to use the automatic control theory to ensure the timely and appropriate water supply on the premise of the safe and stable operation of the project. In the past, the research on the automatic control of the channel was mostly based on the water level control. In the case of introducing external heat sources, it is necessary to consider the changes of physical quantities such as water temperature and water level at the same time, design the water temperature-water level coordinated control algorithm for the channel, delay the formation of the ice cover from the water temperature, and inhibit the ice jam process from the hydraulics, so as to extend the non-ice period water conveyance time, increase the water conveyance volume, and realize the safe, efficient and appropriate water conveyance during the ice period of the project, and give full play to the social benefits of the project to a greater extent. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Aiming at the problems existing in the background technology, a method for coordinated regulation of water temperature and water level in a channel with the inflow of external heat sources is proposed. The established model takes into account the inflow item of the external heat source in the traditional channel ice situation simulation model, and can fully reflect the generation, disappearance and evolution law of the channel ice situation under the inflow of the external heat source. The present invention designs a coordinated water temperature-water level control algorithm for the channel considering the inflow of external heat sources, so as to determine the flow rate and time of the heat source inflow, reduce the water temperature deviation in the operation scheduling process of the canal system, and improve the control performance of the open channel. This coordinated regulation scheme of water temperature and water level in the channel with the inflow of external heat sources can be used for the real-time simulation of the system state and give the regulation instructions for the channel state, which can significantly improve the water temperature of the channel, relieve the ice situation of the channel, reduce the inflow water volume of the external heat source, and reduce the water level deviation of the channel, so as to ensure the safe, stable and efficient operation of the water conveyance system. Based on the above advantages, the invention can serve the water conveyance capacity improvement scheme of the winter water conveyance channel.

[0008] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: A method for coordinated control of water temperature and water level in a channel based on the inflow of external heat sources. This scheme proposes a water temperature control method for the channel, which is combined with the water level feedback control, and can carry out coordinated regulation of water temperature and water level in the winter water conveyance channel, including the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: Calculate the changes of water temperature and ice situation in the channel according to the real-time weather forecast and the hydraulic changes of the channel, laying a foundation for water temperature control.

[0010] Whether the water temperature drops to 0°C is the judgment condition for the generation of ice in water. Therefore, water temperature is a key physical quantity in ice hydraulics. The accurate calculation of water temperature in the water conveyance channel in winter is the premise of water temperature control. The change of water temperature in the channel is affected by various factors such as air temperature, wind speed, atmospheric radiation, and hydraulic conditions. In the channel system, when an external heat source flows in, it will greatly change the water temperature in the downstream channel, thus affecting the regulation plan of the water conveyance channel in winter. Therefore, the design of water temperature control requires accurate calculation of the water temperature and ice condition changes in the channel under the inflow of external heat sources.

[0011] The present invention adopts the theory of heat balance of water body. By considering the heat source term of the inflow of external heat sources in the convective diffusion equation of channel water temperature, a one-dimensional water temperature calculation model of the channel with the inflow of external heat sources is established. The water temperature value of the next section after the inflow of the external heat source into the channel is calculated by formula (1). The water temperature of each section in the subsequent channel section is calculated by an iterative loop, so that the calculated water temperature values of each section can be obtained.

[0012]

[0013] In the formula: t is time, s; x is the longitudinal direction of the channel, m; T w is the temperature distributed along the water flow direction of the water body, °C; ρ w is the density of water, taken as a constant 10 3 kg / m 3 ; C p is the specific heat of water, ; A is the cross-sectional area of the water flow, m 2 ; Q is the flow rate, m 3 / s; E x is the longitudinal dispersion coefficient of the river channel, m 2 / s; B 0 is the water surface width, m; is the heat loss per unit area, J / (m 2 ·s); H a is the atmospheric heat exchange; H q is the heat inflow of the external heat source.

[0014] In the calculation of the water temperature in the canal system, it is necessary to consider the changes in water temperature after the formation of ice flowers and ice covers. When the water body is supercooled, ice flowers are generated in the water. Therefore, in the actual calculation process, it is necessary to artificially set temperature calculation nodes to reset the physical parameters of the section nodes that do not conform to the actual situation, and then use this as the upstream boundary for the temperature calculation of the subsequent canal sections. The specific division rules are as follows:

[0015] (1) When the water temperature Tw of a certain calculation section < 0°C, the water body is supercooled and ice flowers will be formed. The concentration calculation equation is C i = (-T w ρ i L i ) / (ρCp ) and reset the water temperature of this cross-section to 0 °C;

[0016] (2) When the ice slush concentration Ci < 0 or the ice cover thickness hi < 0 at a certain cross-section, the physical process is that the ice slush or the melting of ice slush releases heat outward. At this time, the calculation formula for the cross-section water temperature Tw is: T w = (-C i ρ i L i ) / (ρC p ), and reset the ice slush concentration Ci or the ice cover thickness hi of this cross-section to 0;

[0017] Step 2: According to the characteristics of the water temperature change in the channel, select a suitable water temperature control algorithm and the target water temperature threshold range to design a water temperature control system to achieve real-time control of the water temperature.

[0018] During the winter water conveyance process in the channel, the nonlinear characteristics of the water temperature and ice conditions are extremely significant. When the water temperature in the main canal is higher than 0 °C and there is no ice condition in the channel, there is no need to introduce the warm water from the reservoir, and the available water supply in the regulating reservoir is limited and cannot continuously supply water to the channel during the winter water conveyance period. After obtaining the water temperature values of each cross-section based on the one-dimensional channel water temperature model under the inflow of external heat sources established in Step 1, a water temperature control system can be further designed. Select the incremental PID water temperature control algorithm and the appropriate water temperature target threshold range. The input quantity is the measured water temperature value at the control point, and the output quantity is the flow rate of the external heat source flowing into the channel. The calculation formula is as shown in formula (2):

[0019]

[0020] In the formula: k is the sampling sequence number, U (k) is the output value of the controller at the k-th sampling moment, which is the reservoir inflow; e (k) is the deviation value input at the k-th sampling moment, which is the water temperature difference at the k-th sampling moment.

[0021] Step 3: On the basis of real-time water temperature control, couple the water level feedback control to achieve the coordinated regulation of water temperature - water level in the winter water conveyance channel.

[0022] Under the action of water temperature control, the reservoir inflow continuously changes with the change of the water temperature at the control point. This is a continuous disturbance to the operation of the channel. The inflow of the reservoir will inevitably cause the fluctuation of the water level. The flow rate in the main canal continuously increases with the addition of the reservoir inflow. If the water level is not controlled, the water level in the channel will continue to rise, threatening the safe operation of the project.

[0023] The present invention couples the water temperature control and the water level control, and proposes a method for coordinated regulation of water temperature and water level in the winter water conveyance channel under the inflow of external heat sources. The water level is measured by the sensors at the most downstream of each canal pond, and then the water level deviation is calculated by comparing with the target water level. The feedback flow is calculated through the water level control algorithm. At this time, the inflow of the reservoir into the canal calculated by the water temperature control module is used as the feedforward flow, which is compared with the feedback flow. Finally, the change in the flow rate through the sluice that needs to be changed at this time is calculated, and then the opening of the sluice at this time is calculated. Then, the increment of the sluice opening adjustment is determined by the sluice opening comparator, and the opening of the sluice upstream of the canal pond is changed, thereby realizing the change in the flow rate through the sluice.

[0024]

[0025] In the formula: Kp - proportionality coefficient; Ki - integral coefficient; YF - current water level; YT - target water level.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0027] (1) The channel ice condition model considering the inflow of external heat sources proposed by the present invention can reflect the improvement of the water temperature of the channel by the external heat source and the alleviation effect of the ice condition, which is of great significance for improving the water conveyance capacity of the winter water conveyance channel and ensuring the safe operation of the project.

[0028] (2) The established method for coordinated regulation of water temperature and water level can fully consider the influence of meteorological conditions, determine the flow rate and time of the external heat source flowing into the channel, and save the water volume of the external heat source flowing into the channel while ensuring the alleviation effect of the channel ice condition.

[0029] (3) The method for coordinated regulation of water temperature and water level proposed by the present invention can perform rolling prediction according to the measured water condition and ice condition data, can be directly used to determine the control instructions for open channels, and can significantly reduce the maximum overshoot of the water level in the operation and scheduling of the canal system, which is beneficial to improving the operation and management level of long-distance water diversion projects.

[0030] (4) The algorithm for coordinated regulation of water temperature and water level proposed by the present invention can, at the model level, consider the improvement of the water temperature in the channel and the alleviation effect of the ice condition by the inflow of external heat sources. At the control level, it can determine the flow rate and time of the external heat source flowing into the channel according to the real-time water temperature monitoring. Its model structure is simple and the parameters are few, and it can predict the ice condition by rolling according to the measured meteorological and water condition data, and dynamically adjust the operation state of the channel. Description of the Drawings

[0031] Figure 1 is the framework of the one-dimensional simulation model of the winter water conveyance channel in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 is the program design block diagram of the simulation model in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of water temperature control in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of coordinated control of water temperature - water level in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 It is a flow chart of canal system operation in an embodiment of the present invention. Specific embodiments

[0036] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0038] Next, the present invention will be further described in conjunction with specific embodiments, but it is not a limitation of the present invention.

[0039] This embodiment proposes a winter water conveyance model for a canal applicable to the inflow of external heat sources, and designs a coordinated water temperature - water level regulation algorithm, which can meet the following requirements: 1) At the model level, it can consider the effect of the inflow of external heat sources on the water temperature in the canal and the mitigation of ice conditions. 2) At the control level, it can determine the inflow rate and time of external heat sources according to real - time water temperature monitoring. 3) The model structure is simple and has fewer parameters, and it can predict ice conditions based on measured meteorological and hydrological data and dynamically adjust the operation state of the canal.

[0040] I. Calculation of water temperature and ice conditions in the canal under the inflow of external heat sources:

[0041] The calculation framework of water temperature and ice conditions in the winter water conveyance canal is as Figure 1 shown, and the process is divided into three steps, as detailed below:

[0042] S11. Calculate the hydraulic conditions of the canal by the hydrodynamic module;

[0043] The running state of the canal flow is the basis for simulating the evolution of ice conditions in the canal. When there is drifting ice and floating ice in the canal, the water flow movement in the canal satisfies one - dimensional unsteady flow, including the continuity equation and the momentum equation, and the forms are as shown in formulas (4) and (5):

[0044] Continuity equation:

[0045]

[0046] Momentum equation:

[0047]

[0048] In the formula: x is the longitudinal distance, m; t is the time, s; Q is the cross-sectional water flow rate, m 3 / s; A is the cross-sectional area (excluding the ice cover), m 2 ; Z is the water level, m; ρ w is the density of water body, taken as the constant 10 3 kg / m 3 ; p i is the wetted perimeter of the ice cover, m; τ i is the shear stress of the water flow on the ice, N / m 2 ; p b is the wetted perimeter of the riverbed, m; τ b is the shear stress of the water flow on the riverbed, N / m 2 ; B 0 is the water surface width including the bank ice, m; τ a is the wind drag force on the water surface of the water body, N / m 2 ; g is the acceleration of gravity, taken as the constant 9.8 m / s 2 .

[0049] Through the thermodynamic module, the hydraulic conditions such as the flow rate, water level, and flow velocity of each cross-section at different times in the channel segment can be calculated, laying a foundation for ice condition calculation.

[0050] S12. Calculate the heat exchange of the channel water body by the thermodynamic module;

[0051] The freezing process of the channel is a process in which the water body continuously loses heat. The change of water temperature in the channel, the evolution of ice floes, and the formation of the ice cover are all closely related to heat exchange. The present invention uses the detailed heat exchange method to calculate the heat exchange based on the real-time change of air temperature, and can calculate more accurately the time when the water temperature in the channel drops to 0 °C, thereby improving the accuracy of ice period prediction. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0052]

[0053] In the formula: Net shortwave radiation; net longwave radiation Convective heat exchange Evaporation heat loss Heat exchange between the water body and the ice cover (ice floes)

[0054] The water temperature calculation formula has been pointed out in S1. Through the thermodynamic module, the heat exchange of the channel and the real-time change of water temperature of each cross-section can be calculated.

[0055] S13. Calculate the channel ice regime by the in - water ice evolution module;

[0056] As the winter temperature gradually decreases, the water body gradually loses heat. After the temperature drops to 0 °C, super - cooling occurs in the water body, and in - water ice flowers will be generated. The ice flowers move with the water flow and are described by the one - dimensional ice flower convection - diffusion equation shown in formula (7).

[0057]

[0058] In the formula: t is time, s; x is the water flow direction, m; C i is the concentration of channel ice flowers, %; B 0 is the water surface width, m; u is the average velocity of the cross - sectional flow, m / s; A is the cross - sectional area of the water flow, m 2 ; E x is the longitudinal dispersion coefficient of the river channel, m 2 / s; is the heat loss of the water body per unit area, J / (m 2 ·s); L i is a constant 2.1×10 3 J / kg; ρ i is the density of ice, taken as a constant 920 kg / m 3 .

[0059] The ice flowers in the channel gradually develop into surface ice. When the surface ice moves downstream and encounters blockages (such as in the constricted section or bend of the channel), an ice cover will form under suitable conditions and continuously advance upstream. In this embodiment, the heat exchange method is used to calculate the ice cover thickness as shown in formula (8).

[0060]

[0061] Figure 2 The figure shows the program design block diagram of the one - dimensional simulation model for winter water conveyance in a long - distance channel. In the figure, the hydrodynamic module provides data such as water level and flow rate for ice regime calculation; the thermodynamic module includes detailed heat calculation and water temperature calculation; the in - water ice evolution module includes ice flower concentration calculation and ice cover thickness calculation. It should be noted that according to the characteristics of ice regime evolution, for example, when the water temperature in the channel is lower than 0 °C, ice flowers will be generated in the water body. When the ice flower concentration reaches the freezing standard, the ice cover thickness will be calculated. In such cases, water temperature and ice flower nodes need to be set separately for calculation, and then the water temperature and ice flower concentration values at the nodes are reset according to physical meaning. Information is transmitted and interacts between different modules. The hydrodynamic module provides basic hydraulic information such as water flow and flow rate to the thermodynamic module and the in - water ice evolution module. The thermodynamic module provides heat value information for the in - water ice evolution model. The ice flower concentration and ice cover thickness of the in - water ice evolution module will in turn affect the calculation of the hydrodynamic and thermodynamic modules of the channel.

[0062] II. Establish a water temperature control system:

[0063] Based on the one-dimensional ice-water hydraulics simulation model of the channel, a real-time control system for the water temperature of the channel under the inflow of external heat sources is established by using the incremental PID water temperature control algorithm, including:

[0064] S21. Measure the water temperature with sensors;

[0065] The water temperature is monitored in real time through the water temperature sensors arranged at the control points, and the measured water temperature values are fed back to the system.

[0066] S22. Select a suitable range of water temperature target thresholds;

[0067] Due to the original temperature variation law of the water temperature in a day, that is, the water temperature is high during the day and low at night, there will be differences in the water temperature control effects under different ranges of water temperature target thresholds. In the prototype observation of the ice situation in the channel, it is pointed out that when the water temperature is lower than 0.5°C, the probability of ice flowers generating in the channel is relatively large. Therefore, the lower limit value of the water temperature target is set to 0.5°C. By comparing the simulation results, when the upper limit value of the water temperature is set to 2°C, the water temperature control effect is the best.

[0068] S23. Determine the inflow of the external heat source (reservoir) through the water temperature control system;

[0069] By judging the gap between the current water temperature value and the target value, the inflow of the reservoir into the channel is dynamically adjusted, which can save the water volume of the reservoir flowing into the channel while ensuring the water temperature increase effect.

[0070] According to the above steps, the schematic diagram of the water temperature control system is as shown in Figure 3 where both the water temperature and the roughness coefficient estimation are calculated in a loop at each time step, and new observed values are added at each moment to update and correct the model.

[0071] III. Regulation and control of water temperature - water level coordination:

[0072] The appearance of ice will affect the flow resistance of the channel, thereby causing changes in the flow rate and water level in the channel. At this time, if the flow rate and flow velocity in the channel are not controlled, it is very likely to cause accidents such as ice jams and ice dams during the ice period operation; in addition, under the action of water temperature control, the inflow of the reservoir changes continuously with the change of the water temperature at the control point, which is a continuous disturbance to the channel operation. The inflow of the reservoir will inevitably cause fluctuations in the water level. The flow rate in the main canal continues to increase with the addition of the reservoir inflow. If the water level is not controlled, the water level in the channel will continue to rise, threatening the safe operation of the project.

[0073] S31. The water level control system calculates the feedback flow rate of the gate;

[0074] Measure the water level through the sensors at the most downstream of each canal pond, then compare it with the target water level to calculate the water level deviation, and calculate the feedback flow through the water level control algorithm.

[0075] S32. The water temperature control system calculates the feedforward flow before the sluice;

[0076] The reservoir inflow into the canal calculated by the water temperature control module is used as the feedforward flow.

[0077] S33 gives the next sluice operation instruction;

[0078] Comprehensively consider the feedforward flow and the feedback flow, calculate the flow through the sluice that needs to be changed at this time, and then calculate the sluice opening at this time. Then, determine the increment of the sluice opening adjustment through the sluice opening comparator, change the sluice opening of the upstream of the canal pond, and then realize the change of the flow through the sluice.

[0079] IV. Operation regulation method for the heat source flowing into the lower channel:

[0080] According to the method of introducing the warm water from the reservoir into the canal to relieve the ice situation in this embodiment and the water temperature - water level coordinated control algorithm adopted, the operation regulation method for the canal system in winter as shown in Figure 5 can be formulated. This operation mode can perform real - time rolling prediction of the ice situation according to the short - term weather forecast and the measured data. By feeding back the measured water temperature, water level and flow to the simulation system, use the water temperature control module to calculate the reservoir inflow under different water conveyance flows and meteorological conditions, and at the same time use the water temperature - water level coordinated control module to calculate the new target flow state of each canal pond, and give the next operation of each sluice in the canal system. The simulation can be carried out on the central centralized control simulation platform, and then cooperate with the local automatic flow control of the sluice to realize the safe and stable operation of the canal in winter water conveyance. The steps of this operation process are as follows:

[0081] S41. At time t, obtain the measured operation data according to the water temperature and water level sensors of the canal, use the long - distance canal ice - period simulation model to simulate the changes of water temperature, water level and flow after time t according to the short - term weather forecast within 3 - 5 days, judge whether ice situation occurs. If not, output the operation process of each sluice and keep the original water conveyance mode; if ice situation occurs, enter the water diversion and ice control operation mode;

[0082] S42. When it is judged in the first step that ice situation will occur within the next 3 - 5 days, call the water temperature control module in the simulation system. First, calculate the reservoir inflow into the canal and the time. Secondly, use the water temperature - water level coordinated control module to obtain the target flow state of each sluice, and calculate the adjustment process of each sluice and the hydraulic response process of the canal system at this time. Finally, judge whether the canal system can operate safely at this time, and then adjust the flow again or directly output the sluice scheduling instruction.

[0083] During the ice period of the canal system, the development of ice conditions in water conveyance is affected by various factors, making the winter operation regulation very complex. Ensuring safe and stable operation is the top priority. When making operation decisions, multiple simulations may be required, comprehensively considering the prediction accuracy and error accumulation to determine the operation parameters, and the decision maker selects the operation plan to maximize the water conveyance benefit.

[0084] The water temperature - water level collaborative regulation method under the injection of external heat sources proposed by the present invention can fully consider the needs of channel safety and adjust the channel water temperature according to the measured data, thereby reducing the risk of ice disaster in the project, enhancing the winter water conveyance capacity, enriching the hydraulic control theory and methods of the water diversion project, and being conducive to ensuring the safe operation of the project in winter and improving the economic benefits of the project.

[0085] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the implementation manners and protection scope of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, it should be realized that all the equivalent replacements and obvious changes made by using the content of the specification of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for collaborative control of water temperature and water level in a channel based on the inflow of external heat sources, characterized in that, it includes: Obtain real-time weather forecast data and channel hydraulic change data, and calculate the changes in water temperature and ice conditions in the channel, including: Establish a one-dimensional channel water temperature model of the channel with the inflow of external heat sources; the water temperature value of the next cross-section after the inflow of the external heat source of the channel is calculated by formula (1); the channel water temperatures of each cross-section in the subsequent channel section adopt an iterative loop calculation method to obtain the calculated water temperature values of each cross-section; Where: t is time, s; x is the longitudinal direction of the channel, m; T w is the temperature distributed along the water flow direction of the water body, °C; ρ w is the density of water, taken as the constant 10 3 kg / m 3 ; C p is the specific heat of water; A is the cross-sectional area of the water flow, m 2 ; Q is the flow rate, m 3 / s; E x is the longitudinal dispersion coefficient of the river channel, m 2 / s; H a is the atmospheric heat exchange amount; H q is the heat input from external heat sources; Set temperature calculation nodes in the calculation of water temperature and ice conditions in the channel, reset the physical parameters of the cross-section nodes that do not conform to the actual situation, and use this as the upstream boundary for the temperature calculation of the subsequent channel section. The specific division rules are as follows: When the water temperature Tw of a certain calculation section is < 0°C, supercooled water forms ice flowers, and its concentration calculation equation is C i = (-T w ρ i L i ) / (ρ w C p ), and reset the water temperature of this section to 0°C; When the ice floe concentration Ci < 0 or the ice cover thickness hi < 0 at a certain cross-section, the physical process is that the ice floe or the melting of the ice floe releases heat outward. At this time, the calculation formula for the cross-section water temperature Tw is: T w = (-C i ρ i L i ) / (ρ w C p ), and reset the ice floe concentration Ci or the ice cover thickness hi of this cross-section to 0; In view of the characteristics of the change in channel water temperature, select a water temperature control algorithm and the target water temperature threshold range to establish a water temperature control system to achieve real-time control of water temperature, including: After obtaining the water temperature values of each cross-section according to the one-dimensional channel water temperature model of the channel with the inflow of external heat sources, select an incremental PID water temperature control algorithm and the water temperature target threshold range. The input quantity is the measured water temperature value at the control point, and the output quantity is the flow rate of the external heat source flowing into the channel: where: k is the sampling sequence number, U (k) is the controller output value at the k-th sampling moment, and is the reservoir inflow; e (k) is the deviation value input at the k-th sampling moment, and is the water temperature difference at the k-th sampling moment; On the basis of real-time water temperature control, couple the water level feedback control to achieve the collaborative regulation of water temperature and water level in the winter water conveyance channel, including: measure the water level through the sensors at the most downstream of each canal pool, then calculate the water level deviation by comparing with the target water level, and calculate the feedback flow rate through the water level control algorithm; the reservoir inflow into the channel calculated by the water temperature control system is used as the feedforward flow rate, compare it with the feedback flow rate, calculate the gate flow rate that needs to be changed, obtain the gate opening at this time, and then determine the increment of the gate opening adjustment through the gate opening comparator, change the gate opening of the upstream of the canal pool, and thus realize the change of the gate flow rate: In the formula: Kp - proportionality coefficient; Ki - integral coefficient; YF - current water level; YT - target water level.

2. A system for the method for collaborative control of water temperature and water level in a channel based on the inflow of external heat sources according to claim 1, characterized in that, it includes: A hydrodynamics module: used to calculate channel water level and flow rate data; A thermodynamics module: used to calculate channel heat and water temperature; An internal ice evolution module: used to calculate the ice flower concentration and ice cover thickness.

3. An electronic device, characterized in that, a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions; and one or more processors, the one or more processors being coupled to the computer-readable storage medium and configured to execute the computer-executable instructions so that the device executes the method according to claim 1.

4. A readable storage medium, characterized in that, stores computer-executable instructions, and when the computer-executable instructions are executed by a processor, the processor is configured to execute the method according to claim 1.

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