A polishing unit down pressure mechanism, comprising a polishing unit and a polishing vehicle of the mechanism

Abstract

The application discloses a polishing unit pressing mechanism, a polishing unit and a polishing vehicle comprising the polishing unit pressing mechanism. The polishing unit pressing mechanism comprises an upper mounting seat, a buffer element and a pressing execution mechanism. The pressing execution mechanism is connected between the upper mounting seat and a polishing execution mechanism through the buffer element arranged at the end of the pressing execution mechanism. The pressing execution mechanism works in a non-constant power or non-constant pressure polishing mode, and the rail top surface corrugation disease is eliminated through the elastic deformation of the buffer element. The application can solve the technical problem that the existing structure adopts constant power or constant pressure polishing, the polishing forces of the peak and valley positions are basically the same, and the rail corrugation disease elimination capability is poor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of railway engineering machinery technology, and in particular to a grinding unit pressing mechanism for rail grinding and repair, including the grinding unit and grinding vehicle of the mechanism. Background Technology

[0002] When a train runs on the track, the friction between the wheel and rail causes longitudinal plastic deformation of the rail surface material. Furthermore, due to the tapered nature of the wheel tread, and influenced by the dynamic characteristics of train operation and random factors, the train moves laterally while moving forward, producing a serpentine motion that causes lateral deformation and wear on the rail surface material. Simultaneously, the cyclic contact between the wheel and rail creates a fatigue layer on the rail surface. When the plastic deformation and fatigue of the rail material accumulate to a limit, defects such as ripples, cracks, edge thickening, and even spalling may appear on the surface.

[0003] Rail grinding is a process of grinding metal on the surface of rails using a rotating grinding wheel mounted on a specific mobile device. In recent years, rail grinding has become a universally recognized and effective means of rail maintenance and repair. Its main purposes include two aspects: (1) controlling the plastic deformation and cracks on the surface and subsurface of the rail, removing rail defects, and thus extending the service life of the rail; (2) repairing the rail profile through grinding to improve the wheel-rail relationship, so that the interaction between the wheel and rail returns to the initial state of wheel-rail contact, improving the equivalent taper of the wheel and rail, as well as the straight-line stability and curve passing ability of train operation, and improving the quality of train operation.

[0004] A rail grinding machine is used to grind the surface of railway rails to eliminate surface defects (rust, fatigue cracks, unevenness, corrugation, thick edges, deformation, etc.). The grinding unit within the grinding device is the core mechanism of the rail grinding machine. The grinding unit includes a high-speed rotating grinding motor or electric motor, a grinding wheel, and an adjustment mechanism. The grinding motor or electric motor is directly connected to the grinding wheel and drives it to rotate at high speed. The adjustment mechanism is used to ensure the grinding position, quality, and efficiency, and to avoid obstacles to ensure safety. In particular, the pressing mechanism requires continuous real-time adjustment.

[0005] The existing rail grinding vehicle's grinding unit mainly includes three adjustment mechanisms: a pressing mechanism, a deflection mechanism, and a lateral movement mechanism. To ensure stability and structural rigidity, the deflection and lateral movement mechanisms are adjusted using hydraulic or electric cylinders, while the pressing mechanism mainly has two forms: pneumatic cylinder pressing and hydraulic cylinder pressing. Currently, existing grinding units control the pressing force using constant power or constant pressure methods, and adjust the pressing force in real time according to the conditions at each moment.

[0006] Among these methods, the cylinder-driven pressing method is relatively gentle, with a gradual initial impact point during grinding and relatively gradual changes in pressure during real-time control, resulting in less fluctuation and impact and preventing the rails from turning blue. However, the pneumatic pressing method has the following technical drawbacks:

[0007] 1) The large size of the downward pressure cylinder results in a large grinding carriage with a dense internal space and limited maintenance space;

[0008] 2) An air compressor and dryer, among other pneumatic equipment, need to be added to the vehicle body, which takes up a lot of space and increases costs;

[0009] 3) The cylinder rigidity is relatively weak. In the initial stage when the grinding unit just falls to the top surface of the rail for grinding, it is prone to bouncing, and the initial grinding section is not stable.

[0010] 4) The inherent nonlinearity of the pneumatic system makes it difficult to control the grinding power.

[0011] The hydraulic cylinder pressing method occupies a small volume, saving space, and the pressing cylinder and deflection cylinder share a single hydraulic station, eliminating the need for additional equipment. However, the hydraulic cylinder pressing method also has the following technical drawbacks:

[0012] 1) The hydraulic cylinder has high rigidity, which can easily lead to over-grinding at the starting point of grinding.

[0013] 2) The real-time adjustment of downward pressure during the grinding process has a large impact, which can easily cause burns such as blue or brown discoloration on the surface of the rail, and the surface smoothness of the rail is poor.

[0014] 3) Whether it is the hydraulic cylinder or the pneumatic cylinder pressing method, the grinding is carried out by real-time control to ensure constant power or constant pressure. The grinding force at the peak and trough positions is basically the same, resulting in poor ability to eliminate rail corrugation defects. Summary of the Invention

[0015] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to provide a grinding unit pressing mechanism, including the grinding unit and grinding carriage of the mechanism, to solve the technical problem that the existing structure uses constant power or constant pressure grinding, the grinding force at the peak and trough positions is basically the same, and the ability to eliminate rail corrugation defects is poor.

[0016] To achieve the aforementioned objectives, this application provides a technical solution for a grinding unit pressing mechanism. The grinding unit pressing mechanism includes an upper mounting base, a buffer element, and a pressing actuator. The pressing actuator is connected between the upper mounting base and the grinding actuator via a buffer element at its end. The pressing actuator operates in a non-constant power or non-constant pressure grinding mode, and eliminates corrugation defects on the top surface of the rail through the elastic deformation of the buffer element.

[0017] Furthermore, one end of the pressing actuator is connected to the upper mounting base via a buffer element, and the other end is connected to the grinding actuator via the lower mounting base.

[0018] Furthermore, the other end of the downward actuator is connected to the lower mounting base via an elastic structure.

[0019] Furthermore, when performing grinding operations, the pressing actuator is set to a length-locked state.

[0020] Furthermore, when the grinding head of the grinding actuator reaches the trough position of the rail top surface, the buffer element experiences additional downward tensile deformation and generates an additional upward tensile force, thereby reducing the compressive contact force between the grinding head and the rail top surface, and reducing the grinding cutting amount at the trough position. When the grinding head reaches the crest position of the rail top surface, the buffer element experiences additional upward thrust and generates an additional downward pressure, thereby increasing the compressive contact force between the grinding head and the rail top surface, and increasing the grinding cutting amount at the crest position.

[0021] Furthermore, the grinding actuator is a rotary motor or an electric motor.

[0022] Furthermore, the pressing actuator is any device, including hydraulic cylinders and electric push rods, that can drive the grinding actuator to perform linear motion.

[0023] Furthermore, the pressing actuator is also equipped with a displacement sensor, which can detect and output the displacement signal of the pressing actuator in real time, and is used to determine the displacement of the grinding actuator and the remaining thickness of the grinding wheel of the grinding head.

[0024] Furthermore, the buffer element can be any elastic structure including rubber, spring, and leaf spring.

[0025] Furthermore, the connection method at both ends of the pressing actuator can be any structure including elastic connection, ball joint, revolute joint, or fixed connection.

[0026] Furthermore, a sensor assembly is also provided on or in series with the pressing actuator, which can determine whether the grinding head has touched the top surface of the rail.

[0027] Furthermore, when controlling the grinding operation, the average cutting pressure of the grinding actuator is monitored. When the average downward pressure exceeds a certain range of the set target value, the downward pressure or length of the downward actuator is adjusted, and then the length of the downward actuator is locked.

[0028] Furthermore, the change in the output power of the grinding actuator is used to determine whether the grinding head has touched the top surface of the rail.

[0029] Furthermore, when controlling the grinding operation, the average power of the grinding actuator is monitored. When the average power exceeds a certain range of the set target value, the downward force or length of the pressing actuator is adjusted, and then the length of the pressing actuator is locked.

[0030] Furthermore, the buffer element includes a metal bushing and an elastic bushing. The connector at one end of the pressing actuator is connected to the upper mounting base via a pin. The metal bushing is sleeved on the pin, and the elastic bushing is sleeved on top of the metal bushing and located between the metal bushing and the connector. When the cylinder of the pressing actuator is subjected to an external vertical displacement load, the cylinder pushes the connector and the metal bushing to simultaneously generate vertical displacement, causing tensile and compressive deformation in the upper and lower parts of the elastic bushing, and shear deformation in the left and right parts, thereby generating an additional reaction force on the pressing actuator.

[0031] Furthermore, the buffer element comprises several elastic layers and metal plates stacked at intervals, the elastic layers and metal plates being disposed between the vertical plate and the connecting plate of the upper mounting base. The connecting seat at one end of the downward-pressing actuator is connected to the connecting plate via a pin. When the upper mounting base is fixed, the displacement change of the cylinder of the downward-pressing actuator is transmitted to the connecting plate via the pin, causing a vertical relative displacement between the upper mounting base and the connecting plate. This displacement causes vertical shear deformation of the composite structure of the elastic layers and metal plates, thereby generating a vertical reaction force.

[0032] Furthermore, one end of the pressing actuator is provided with a flange-type connector, which is connected to the upper mounting base via a cylinder. The cylinder is sleeved on the connector, and the buffer element includes compression springs disposed between the upper part of the cylinder and the connector, and between the connector and the lower part of the cylinder. When the cylinder of the pressing actuator is fixed, the displacement change of the connector causes the compression spring to undergo elastic deformation, thereby generating a change in vertical reaction force.

[0033] Furthermore, a washer is provided between the upper part of the cylinder and the compression spring, and an adjusting screw and a locking nut are also provided on the upper part of the cylinder. The adjusting screw is connected to the cylinder by a threaded pair and is fixed by the locking nut. The adjusting screw adjusts the compression force of the compression spring through the washer.

[0034] Furthermore, one end of the pressing actuator is connected to the upper mounting base via a I-beam frame, and the buffer element includes an elastic element disposed between the upper mounting base and the I-beam frame. When the entire locking pressing actuator undergoes vertical displacement, the elastic element undergoes additional deformation, thereby generating an additional vertical reaction force on the pressing actuator.

[0035] Furthermore, one end of the pressing actuator is connected to the upper mounting base via a connector. An isolation piston is installed inside the rodless chamber of the cylinder of the pressing actuator, and an elastic compressible body is filled between the isolation piston and the cylinder. When the pressing actuator is in a locked state and subjected to a vertical pushing or pulling action, the volume change of the elastic compressible body inside the cylinder causes the pressing actuator to extend or retract vertically accordingly.

[0036] Furthermore, one end of the pressing actuator is connected to the upper mounting base via a connector, and a rubber air bladder is installed inside the rodless chamber of the cylinder of the pressing actuator. When the pressing actuator is in the locked state and subjected to a vertical pushing or pulling action, the volume change of the rubber air bladder inside the cylinder of the pressing actuator causes the pressing actuator to extend or retract vertically accordingly.

[0037] This application also provides a specific technical implementation scheme for a grinding unit pressing mechanism. The grinding unit includes: a grinding execution mechanism, a grinding unit frame, a connecting frame, and the grinding unit pressing mechanism described above. A guide post connects the grinding unit frame and the connecting frame, and an upper mounting base is disposed on the connecting frame. A guide sleeve is sleeved on the guide post, and the guide sleeve is simultaneously fixed on the grinding execution mechanism.

[0038] Furthermore, the grinding unit frame is connected to the vehicle frame via a second pin, and an elastic bushing is provided between the grinding unit frame and the second pin.

[0039] This application also provides a specific technical implementation scheme for the grinding unit pressing mechanism, a rail grinding vehicle, including: the grinding unit as described above.

[0040] By implementing the grinding unit pressing mechanism provided in this application, including the grinding unit and grinding carriage of the mechanism, the following beneficial effects are achieved:

[0041] (1) The grinding unit pressing mechanism of this application, including the grinding unit and grinding car of the mechanism, adopts a non-constant power or non-constant pressure grinding method, and adapts to rail defects by the elastic deformation of the buffer element, passively adjusting the grinding pressure to achieve the non-constant force grinding target of large cutting force for wave peak grinding and small cutting force for wave trough grinding, thereby achieving the purpose of eliminating wave defects and greatly improving the ability to eliminate wave defects.

[0042] (2) The grinding unit pressing mechanism of this application, including the grinding unit and grinding carriage of the mechanism, solves the problem of high rigidity of the pressing actuator itself by means of buffer element, so that the grinding actuator can grind smoothly and evenly, and will not have abnormal sudden change in grinding effect when facing large impact conditions.

[0043] (3) The grinding unit pressing mechanism of this application, including the grinding unit and grinding carriage of the mechanism, effectively reduces vibration and impact by adding buffer elements, greatly improves the service life of the pressing actuator, grinding unit frame and grinding carriage, and effectively solves the technical problem of fatigue damage.

[0044] (4) The grinding unit pressing mechanism of this application, including the grinding unit and grinding car of the mechanism, solves the technical problems of existing hydraulic cylinder pressing method, such as high rigidity, easy over-grinding at the grinding start point, large impact of real-time adjustment of pressing pressure during grinding, easy blueing phenomenon, and poor smoothness of rail surface. Attached Figure Description

[0045] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other embodiments can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0046] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structural composition of a specific embodiment of the grinding unit pressing mechanism of this application;

[0047] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the buffer element in a specific embodiment of the grinding unit pressing mechanism of this application;

[0048] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the buffer element in the second specific embodiment of the grinding unit pressing mechanism of this application;

[0049] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the buffer element in the third specific embodiment of the grinding unit pressing mechanism of this application;

[0050] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the buffer element in the fourth specific embodiment of the grinding unit pressing mechanism of this application;

[0051] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the pressing actuator in the fifth specific embodiment of the pressing mechanism of the grinding unit in this application;

[0052] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the pressing actuator in the second specific embodiment of the pressing mechanism of the grinding unit in this application;

[0053] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the pressing actuator in the third specific embodiment of the grinding unit pressing mechanism of this application;

[0054] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the pressing actuator in the fourth specific embodiment of the grinding unit pressing mechanism of this application;

[0055] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the pressing actuator in the sixth specific embodiment of the grinding unit pressing mechanism of this application;

[0056] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structural composition of another specific embodiment of the grinding unit pressing mechanism of this application;

[0057] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of a specific embodiment of the grinding unit pressing mechanism of this application;

[0058] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the grinding unit pressing mechanism of this application in eliminating ripples;

[0059] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the control principle of a specific embodiment of the grinding unit pressing mechanism of this application;

[0060] Figure 15 This is a flowchart of a specific embodiment of the grinding unit pressure control method based on this application.

[0061] In the diagram: 1-Upper mounting base, 2-Buffer element, 3-Lowering actuator, 4-Grinding actuator, 5-Lower mounting base, 6-Grinding head, 7-Rail, 8-Cylinder body, 9-Telescopic rod, 10-Metal bushing, 11-Elastic bushing, 12-Pin, 13-Connector, 14-Elastic layer, 15-Metal plate, 16-Connecting plate, 17-Vertical plate, 18-Cylinder body, 19-Plate, 20-Compression spring, 21-Adjusting screw, 22-Lock 23-Fixed nut, 24-Elastic element, 25-Elastic structure, 26-Piston, 27-Oil inlet, 28-Oil outlet, 29-Isolation piston, 30-Elastic compression body, 31-Sensor assembly, 32-Elastic bushing, 33-Grinding unit frame, 34-Top surface of rail, 35-Control unit, 36-Solenoid valve, 37-Hydraulic system, 38-Connecting frame, 39-Guide post, 40-Guide sleeve, 41-Connecting seat, 42-Horizontal plate. Detailed Implementation

[0062] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0063] As attached Figure 1 To be continued Figure 15 As shown, a specific embodiment of the grinding unit pressing mechanism of this application is given, including the grinding unit and grinding car of the mechanism. The application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0064] Example 1

[0065] As attached Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the grinding unit pressing mechanism of this application specifically includes: an upper mounting base 1, a buffer element 2, and a pressing actuator 3. The pressing actuator 3 is connected between the upper mounting base 1 and the grinding actuator 4 via the buffer element 2 at its end. The pressing actuator 3 operates in a non-constant power or non-constant pressure grinding mode, and eliminates the corrugation defects on the top surface 34 of the rail through the elastic deformation of the buffer element 2. The pressing actuator 3 further includes a cylinder 8 and a telescopic rod 9. (See attached...) Figure 2 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of this application, one end of the pressing actuator 3 (specifically, one end of the cylinder 8) is connected to the upper mounting base 1 via the buffer element 2, and the other end (specifically, one end of the telescopic rod 9) is directly connected to the grinding actuator 4 or connected to the grinding actuator 4 via the lower mounting base 5. Alternatively, the buffer element 2 can be connected between the pressing actuator 3 and the lower mounting base 5 (or the grinding actuator 4), or one end of the telescopic rod 9 of the pressing actuator 3 can be connected to the upper mounting base 1 via the buffer element 2, while one end of the cylinder 8 can be connected to the grinding actuator 4 via the lower mounting base 5. However, the overall grinding effect of this embodiment is optimal. Furthermore, the lower mounting base 5 can be integrated onto the grinding actuator 4, and the telescopic rod 9 can be directly connected to the grinding actuator 4. The upper mounting base 1 is fixed to the grinding unit frame, and the lower mounting base 5 is fixed to the rotary motor or electric motor. The lower part of the rotary motor or electric motor is directly connected to drive the grinding head 6 to rotate at high speed. The control unit 35 can cause the pressing actuator 3 to generate linear motion in the up-down direction, thereby driving the rotating grinding head 6 to contact the rail 7 and grind the rail 7. The buffer element 2 and the pressing actuator 3 are connected in series between the upper mounting base 1 and the lower mounting base 5.

[0066] The grinding actuator 4 can be a rotary motor or an electric motor; in this embodiment, it is specifically a grinding electric motor. The pressing actuator 3 can be any device capable of driving the grinding actuator 4 to perform linear motion, including hydraulic cylinders and electric push rods. The buffer element 2 can be any elastic structure, including rubber, springs, and leaf springs. The connection method at both ends of the pressing actuator 3 can be any structure, including elastic connection, ball joint, revolute joint, and fixed connection. As a preferred embodiment of this application, the pressing actuator 3 can be either a hydraulic cylinder or an electric push rod (i.e., an electric cylinder). When an electric push rod is used, both the pressing actuator 3 and the grinding actuator 4 can be electrically powered, thus freeing the entire grinding carriage from dependence on the hydraulic system and achieving complete electric control.

[0067] In this embodiment, the buffer element 2 specifically adopts a rubber ball joint buffer structure. The buffer element 2 further includes a metal bushing 10 and an elastic bushing 11. One end of the pressing actuator 3 (specifically, one end of the cylinder 8) is provided with an annular connector 13, which is connected to the upper mounting base 1 via a pin 12. The other end of the pressing actuator 3 (specifically, one end of the telescopic rod 9) is connected to the grinding actuator 4 via a lower mounting base 5. The inner wall of the hole of the connector 13 is fitted with an annular elastic bushing 11 (which can be a rubber bushing), and the annular metal bushing 10 is sleeved on the pin 12. The elastic bushing 11 is sleeved on the metal bushing 10 and is located between the metal bushing 10 and the connector 13. When the cylinder 8 of the pressing actuator 3 is subjected to an external vertical displacement load, the cylinder 8 pushes the connector 13 and the metal bushing 10 to simultaneously generate vertical displacement (as shown by H in the attached figure), thereby causing the upper and lower parts of the elastic bushing 11 to undergo tensile and compressive deformation, and the left and right parts to undergo shear deformation, which in turn generates an additional reaction force on the pressing actuator 3.

[0068] As a preferred embodiment of this application, the pressing actuator 3 is further equipped with a displacement sensor, which can detect and output the displacement signal of the pressing actuator 3 in real time, and is used to determine the displacement of the grinding actuator 4 and the remaining thickness of the grinding wheel (grinding stone) of the grinding head 6.

[0069] As attached Figure 11As shown, a sensor assembly 31 is also installed on or in series with the downward pressing actuator 3. The sensor assembly 31 can determine whether the grinding head 6 has touched the top surface 34 of the rail. When the grinding operation is controlled, the average cutting pressure of the grinding actuator 4 is monitored. When the average downward pressure exceeds a certain range of the set target value, the downward pressure or length of the downward pressing actuator 3 is adjusted, and then the length of the downward pressing actuator 3 is locked. Alternatively, the change in the output power of the grinding actuator 4 can also be used to determine whether the grinding head 6 has touched the top surface 34 of the rail. When the grinding operation is controlled, the average power of the grinding actuator 4 is monitored. When the average power exceeds a certain range of the set target value, the downward pressure or length of the downward pressing actuator 3 is adjusted, and then the length of the downward pressing actuator 3 is locked.

[0070] In existing grinding units, the pressing actuator 3 is not locked during grinding, and the power or pressure of the grinding motor is monitored in real time. Taking pressure adjustment as an example, the control system continuously adjusts the hydraulic oil pressure in real time. When the pressure is detected to be too high, the extension length of the cylinder is reduced; when the pressure is too low, the extension length of the cylinder is increased. This adjustment is repeated dozens of times per second, and the extension length of the cylinder is adjusted dozens of times accordingly. Because the cylinder has no buffer, the grinding depth is not smooth. In the technical solution of this embodiment, when grinding the corrugation of the rail, the pressing actuator 3 (e.g., the cylinder) is locked, and the buffer element 2 is activated. Under normal circumstances, when the hydraulic oil pressure is continuously adjusted, the buffer element 2 can reduce the impact of the grinding head 6 on the rail 7, making the grinding depth more stable. At the same time, the starting and ending points of the grinding head 6 are more controllable. When the rotating grinding head 6 first presses onto the rail 7, there is a buffer transition phase, preventing a deep dent from being created in the rail 7. The grinding unit pressing mechanism described in this embodiment is connected in series with the pressing actuator 3 through the elastic element 2, which reduces the overall stiffness of the pressing mechanism. This can prevent the inertial impact when the grinding head 6 is pressed down from a high position to the state of contact with the rail 7 in the initial stage of grinding. It can effectively solve the technical problem that the pressing cylinder has a large stiffness and the grinding starting point is prone to over-grinding.

[0071] Secondly, in non-corrugated track grinding operations, existing technologies generally employ constant power or constant pressure control methods, adjusting the output force of the hydraulic cylinder in real time. The large impact of pressure changes during adjustment easily leads to blueing and burning. The downward pressing process of the grinding motor is generally as follows: when the vehicle speed reaches the target speed, the grinding head 6 of the grinding motor rotates at high speed, and the pressing cylinder presses down until the grinding wheel at the bottom of the grinding head 6 contacts the rail 7. At this time, if the downward pressing speed of the grinding motor 1 is too fast, due to the inertia of the grinding head 6, the grinding wheel is prone to colliding with the top surface 34 of the rail (this is the landing point of the grinding head 6), which will grind a deep pit on the top surface 34 of the rail upon contact with the rail 7. After the control system receives the feedback signal that the grinding head 6 has contacted the rail 7, it begins to adjust the downward pressure in real time. Existing technologies have various methods for controlling the grinding downward pressure, such as: the grinding motor current fluctuates, but the current does not exceed the motor's allowable value; another example is: the average power does not exceed a set percentage of the rated power. For example, the downward pressure feedback value cannot exceed the set upper limit or fall below the set lower limit. In this embodiment, the downward pressure control method of the downward pressure actuator 3 is neither constant power control nor constant force control, but rather adds a displacement holding (i.e., length locking) stage. Under normal circumstances, the displacement remains constant; it is only changed once when a large deviation in average power or average force is detected (constant power or constant force uses real-time control, adjusting the downward pressure dozens of times per second to maintain the same grinding power or downward pressure at all times). Therefore, the goal of this embodiment is to automatically change the pressure based on the elasticity of the downward pressure mechanism according to the corrugation of the track. The downward pressure increases when encountering a crest and decreases when encountering a trough. Only when the grinding wheel is worn down to the point where it can no longer contact the rail 7 can the downward pressure position of the grinding head 6 be adjusted downwards by a small displacement. The downward pressure mechanism described in this embodiment adds a buffer element 2, which can reduce over-grinding, blueing burns, and poor smoothness of the rail surface after grinding caused by the impact of downward pressure adjustment.

[0072] Meanwhile, rail corrugation typically refers to the periodic, uneven plastic deformation and wear of the rail head tread along its length, resulting in a wavy, uneven appearance throughout the rail. Corrugation defects can lead to significant vehicle vibration, increased noise, and reduced passenger comfort; in severe cases, it can even cause serious accidents such as loose track components, rail top breakage, and train derailment. Theoretically, the rail top surface 34 should be a flat surface, and the rail top height along the length of rail 7 should be a straight line, as shown in the attached... Figure 13As shown by the dashed line. Tracks with corrugation defects have periodic peaks and troughs. When the upper mounting base 1 is fixed, the oil pressure inside the cylinder is typically adjusted in real-time using constant power or constant pressure during grinding operations. At this time, regardless of the peak or trough position, the cutting force and depth of the grinding wheel on the rail 7 are basically the same, resulting in insignificant elimination of corrugation. This embodiment improves the ability to eliminate rail corrugation defects through a non-constant power or non-constant pressure grinding control method. In the grinding unit pressing mechanism described in this embodiment, the pressing actuator 3 is set to a length-locked state during grinding operations. When the grinding head 6 of the grinding actuator 4 reaches the trough position of the rail top surface 34, the buffer element 2 experiences additional downward tensile deformation and generates an additional upward tensile force, thereby reducing the compressive contact force between the grinding head 6 and the rail top surface 34, and reducing the grinding cutting amount at the trough position. When the grinding head 6 moves to the crest position of the top surface 34 of the rail, the buffer element 2 is subjected to an additional upward thrust and generates an additional downward pressure, thereby increasing the squeezing contact force between the grinding head 6 and the top surface 34 of the rail, and increasing the grinding cutting amount at the crest position.

[0073] The grinding unit pressing mechanism described in this embodiment reduces the high rigidity of the pressing actuator 3 by using the buffer element 2, ensuring smooth and stable grinding operation and preventing abrupt changes in grinding effect even under significant impact. Simultaneously, during grinding, unevenness (such as corrugation) of the rail 7 causes high-frequency vibration in the grinding unit. The impact force of this high-frequency vibration is transmitted to the grinding unit frame 33 and the grinding carriage structure, significantly reducing the fatigue life of the grinding structure, especially the relatively weak pressing actuator 3, which is highly susceptible to fatigue damage. This embodiment, by adding the buffer element 2, effectively reduces vibration impact, greatly improving the lifespan of the pressing actuator 3, grinding unit frame 33, and grinding carriage, effectively solving the problem of fatigue failure.

[0074] In this embodiment, the buffer element 2 is located before the pressing actuator 3, and the pressing actuator 3 is located between the buffer element 2 and the grinding actuator 4. This addresses the technical defects of the pressing cylinder, such as excessive grinding at the starting point of grinding, large impact from real-time pressure changes during grinding leading to bluing, and poor surface smoothness of the rail. It can more effectively eliminate rail corrugation defects. Furthermore, existing cylinder and hydraulic cylinder pressing mechanisms require high-frequency real-time control and pressing action adjustment to achieve constant pressure or constant power control, making the cylinders prone to damage. In this embodiment, to achieve non-constant pressure control, the buffer element 2 is used to adapt to rail defects and passively adjust the grinding pressure, resulting in a large cutting force at the crest of the corrugation and a small cutting force at the trough.

[0075] This embodiment comprehensively considers the advantages and disadvantages of both hydraulic and pneumatic pressing methods, proposing a grinding unit pressing mechanism. Based on the original hydraulic cylinder pressing method, it solves, with minimal modifications, the technical defects of the pressing cylinder, such as excessive rigidity leading to over-grinding at the initial grinding point; large impact from real-time pressure changes during grinding, resulting in bluing; and poor surface smoothness of the rail after grinding. Simultaneously, by employing a non-constant power or non-constant pressure grinding method, it improves the ability to eliminate corrugation defects.

[0076] Example 2

[0077] In this embodiment, the buffer element 2 specifically adopts a rubber shear deformation buffer structure. (See attached diagram) Figure 3 and appendix Figure 7 As shown, the upper mounting base 1 further includes a horizontal plate 42 at the top and vertical plates 17 on both sides. The buffer element 2 further includes several elastic layers 14 and metal plates 15 stacked at intervals. The elastic layers 14 and metal plates 15 are disposed between the vertical plates 17 and the connecting plate 16 of the upper mounting base 1. The vertical plates 17 and the connecting plate 16 on both sides are vulcanized together by multiple layers of elastic layers 14 and metal plates 15. The connecting seat 41 of one end of the pressing actuator 3 (specifically, one end of the cylinder 8) is connected to the connecting plate 16 through a pin 12, and the other end (i.e., one end of the telescopic rod 9) is connected to the grinding actuator 4 through the lower mounting base 5. When the upper mounting base 1 is fixed, the displacement change of the cylinder 8 of the pressing actuator 3 is transmitted to the connecting plate 16 through the pin 12, causing a vertical relative displacement (as shown by H in the figure) between the upper mounting base 1 and the connecting plate 16. This displacement causes the composite structure of the elastic layers 14 and metal plates 15 to undergo vertical shear deformation, thereby generating a vertical reaction force.

[0078] As attached Figure 13As shown, taking a rubber shear deformation buffer structure as an example, the specific process of eliminating corrugation using the technical solution described in Example 2 is explained. On lines with corrugation defects, constant power or constant pressure control is canceled, and the lowering actuator 3 (i.e., the hydraulic cylinder) is changed to a locked state, that is, the hydraulic oil inside the upper and lower chambers of the hydraulic cylinder is locked, ensuring that the length of the hydraulic cylinder is locked at a fixed value. When the grinding wheel rotating at the bottom of the grinding head 6 reaches the trough position, the rubber material connected to the upper part of the hydraulic cylinder undergoes additional downward shear deformation and generates an additional upward lifting force, thereby reducing the extrusion contact force between the grinding wheel and the rail 7, and the grinding cutting amount at the trough position is greatly reduced. Conversely, when the grinding wheel rotating at the bottom of the grinding head 6 reaches the crest position, the rubber material connected to the upper part of the hydraulic cylinder undergoes additional upward shear deformation and generates an additional downward pressure, thereby increasing the extrusion contact force between the grinding wheel and the rail 7, and the grinding cutting amount at the crest position is greatly increased. Therefore, the grinding unit pressing mechanism described in this embodiment achieves the grinding goal of high peak pressure and low trough pressure through the elastic deformation of the buffer element, using a non-constant power or non-constant pressure grinding method. This eliminates peak pressure and protects trough pressure, demonstrating a significant effect on eliminating grinding defects. Furthermore, to prevent the impact of grinding wheel thickness loss on average pressing pressure during grinding, the average cutting pressure or average power needs to be monitored during grinding operation control. When the average pressing pressure or average power exceeds a certain range (e.g., ±20%), the pressing pressure or length of the hydraulic cylinder needs to be adjusted, and then the length locked again.

[0079] For more detailed technical solutions in other parts, please refer to the relevant description in Embodiment 1, which will not be repeated here.

[0080] Example 3

[0081] In this embodiment, the buffer element 2 specifically adopts a spring buffer structure. (See attached diagram) Figure 4 and appendix Figure 8As shown, one end of the pressing actuator 3 (specifically, one end of the telescopic rod 9) is provided with a flange-type connector 13, and the other end (specifically, one end of the cylinder 8) is connected to the grinding actuator 4 through the lower mounting base 5. A compression spring 20 is installed on each of the upper and lower surfaces of the flange-type connector 13, and the connector 13 is connected to the upper mounting base 1 through the cylinder 18. The cylinder 18 is sleeved on the connector 13, and the buffer element 2 further includes compression springs 20 disposed between the upper part of the cylinder 18 and the connector 13, and between the connector 13 and the lower part of the cylinder 18. When the cylinder 8 of the pressing actuator 3 is fixed, the displacement change of the connector 13 pushes the compression spring 20 to undergo elastic deformation, thereby generating a change in vertical (as shown by H in the attached figure) reaction force. In this embodiment, the function of the spring energy storage structure is to achieve initial landing point buffering, and through elastic deformation to achieve the non-constant force grinding target of high peak pressure and low trough pressure, thereby achieving the purpose of eliminating rail corrugation defects.

[0082] In addition, in order to adjust the reaction force of the compression spring, a pad 19 is provided between the upper part of the cylinder 18 and the compression spring 20. An adjusting screw 21 and a locking nut 22 are also provided on the upper part of the cylinder 18. The adjusting screw 21 is connected to the cylinder 18 by a threaded pair and is fixed by the locking nut 22. The adjusting screw 21 adjusts the compression force of the compression spring 20 through the pad 19.

[0083] For more detailed technical solutions in other parts, please refer to the relevant description in Embodiment 1, which will not be repeated here.

[0084] Example 4

[0085] In this embodiment, the buffer element 2 specifically adopts a bidirectional rubber plate / column buffer structure. (See attached diagram) Figure 5 and appendix Figure 9 As shown, one end of the pressing actuator 3 (specifically, one end of the telescopic rod 9) is further connected to the upper mounting base 1 via the I-beam frame 23, and the other end (specifically, one end of the cylinder 8) is connected to the grinding actuator 4 via the lower mounting base 5. The buffer element 2 includes an elastic element 24 disposed between the upper mounting base 1 and the I-beam frame 23. The I-beam metal frame (i.e., the I-beam frame 23) and the upper mounting base 1 are connected by two layers of high-polymer elastic material (i.e., the elastic element 24). When the entire pressing actuator 3 undergoes vertical displacement after locking, the elastic element 24 undergoes additional deformation, thereby generating an additional vertical reaction force (as shown by H in the attached figure) on the pressing actuator 3.

[0086] For more detailed technical solutions in other parts, please refer to the relevant description in Embodiment 1, which will not be repeated here.

[0087] Example 5

[0088] The grinding unit pressing mechanism described in the specific embodiments of this application can have an elastic buffer structure at one end of the pressing actuator 3, or it can have the same or different elastic structures at both the upper and lower ends of the pressing actuator 3. In this embodiment, both the upper and lower ends of the pressing actuator 3 have buffer structures, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 6 As shown, based on Embodiment 1, the other end of the pressing actuator 3 can be further connected to the lower mounting base 5 via an elastic structure 25.

[0089] For more detailed technical solutions in other parts, please refer to the relevant description in Embodiment 1, which will not be repeated here.

[0090] Example 6

[0091] In this embodiment, the pressing actuator 3 (i.e., the hydraulic cylinder) has a buffer structure with a compressible body inside. An elastic structure can be provided at one end of the pressing actuator 3, or the same or different types of elastic structures can be provided at both the upper and lower ends of the hydraulic cylinder. As a typical specific embodiment of this application, see the attached... Figure 10As shown, one end of the pressing actuator 3 (specifically, one end of the telescopic rod 9) is connected to the upper mounting base 1 via the connector 13, and the other end (specifically, one end of the cylinder 8) is connected to the grinding actuator 4 via the lower mounting base 5. An isolation piston 29 is installed inside the rodless chamber of the cylinder 8 of the pressing actuator 3, and an elastic compressible body 30 is filled between the isolation piston 29 and the cylinder 8. When the pressing actuator 3 is in a locked state and subjected to a vertical pushing or pulling action, the volume change of the elastic compressible body 30 inside the cylinder 8 of the pressing actuator 3 causes the pressing actuator 3 to extend or retract vertically (as shown by H in the attached figure). Alternatively, one end of the pressing actuator 3 (specifically, one end of the telescopic rod 9) is connected to the upper mounting base 1 via the connector 13, and the other end (specifically, one end of the cylinder 8) is connected to the grinding actuator 4 via the lower mounting base 5. A rubber airbag is installed inside the rodless chamber of the cylinder 8 of the pressing actuator 3. When the pressing actuator 3 is in the locked state and subjected to vertical pushing and pulling, the volume change of the rubber air bladder inside the cylinder 8 of the pressing actuator 3 causes the pressing actuator 3 to extend and retract vertically. The cylinder 8 is divided into upper and lower chambers by the piston 26, namely the rod chamber and the rodless chamber, which are filled with hydraulic oil. The rod chamber is provided with an oil inlet 27, and the rodless chamber is provided with an oil outlet 28. The bottom of the cylinder is a buffer space with a variable volume, which can be a piston-sealed space pushed by an air bladder or a spring. Specifically, it can be an isolation piston 29 that can slide up and down along the cylinder 8 in this embodiment. The upper part of the isolation piston 29 contains the hydraulic oil of the cylinder, and the bottom is a compressible space, such as compressed air, or the bottom can also be made into a rubber air bladder structure. When the upper and lower oil inlets 27 and oil outlets 28 of the (hydraulic) cylinder are closed, the cylinder is in the locked state. At this time, if the telescopic rod 9 is pushed or pulled, the volume change of the rubber air bladder inside the cylinder 8 causes the cylinder to extend and retract accordingly.

[0092] For more detailed technical solutions in other parts, please refer to the relevant description in Embodiment 1, which will not be repeated here.

[0093] Example 7

[0094] As attached Figure 12 As shown, an embodiment of a grinding unit specifically includes: a grinding actuator 4, a grinding unit frame 33, a connecting frame 38, and a grinding unit pressing mechanism as described in embodiments 1-6. A guide post 39 connects the grinding unit frame 33 and the connecting frame 38, and an upper mounting base 1 is disposed on the connecting frame 38. A guide sleeve 40 is sleeved on the guide post 39, and the guide sleeve 40 is simultaneously fixed on the grinding actuator 4.

[0095] The grinding unit frame 33 is connected to the vehicle frame via a second pin, and an elastic bushing 32 (i.e., a buffer elastic element) is provided between the grinding unit frame 33 and the second pin. In this embodiment, the buffer elastic element can be installed on the grinding unit (deflection) frame 33 or its mounting bracket, thereby making the grinding unit as a whole elastic.

[0096] Example 8

[0097] An embodiment of a rail grinding vehicle specifically includes: a grinding unit as described in Embodiment 7. (See attached...) Figure 14 The diagram shown illustrates the control principle of a specific embodiment of the pressing mechanism of the grinding unit in this application. The control unit 35 acquires the signal from the sensor assembly 31 and controls the solenoid valve 36 based on the signal. The solenoid valve 36 controls the opening and closing of the corresponding pipelines of the hydraulic system 37, and the hydraulic system 37 then controls the pressing actuator 3 to perform the corresponding operation.

[0098] Example 9

[0099] As attached Figure 15 As shown, an embodiment of a grinding unit pressing control method based on the grinding unit pressing mechanism described in Embodiments 1-6 of this application is provided, wherein the pressing actuator 3 is connected between the upper mounting base 1 and the grinding actuator 4 via a buffer element 2. The method specifically includes the following steps:

[0100] S11) Set the pressing actuator 3 to the locked state to ensure that the length of the pressing actuator 3 is locked at a fixed value;

[0101] S12) When the grinding head 6 of the grinding actuator 4 runs to the trough position of the top surface 34 of the rail, the buffer element 2 is subjected to additional downward tensile deformation and generates an additional upward tensile force, thereby reducing the extrusion contact force between the grinding head 6 and the top surface 34 of the rail, and reducing the grinding cutting amount at the trough position.

[0102] S13) When the grinding head 6 runs to the crest position of the top surface 34 of the rail, the buffer element 2 is subjected to an additional upward thrust and generates an additional downward pressure, thereby increasing the squeezing contact force between the grinding head 6 and the top surface 34 of the rail, and increasing the grinding cutting amount at the crest position.

[0103] In steps S12) and S13), the pressing actuator 3 operates in a non-constant power or non-constant pressure grinding mode, and the corrugation defects on the top surface 34 of the rail are eliminated through the elastic deformation of the buffer element 2.

[0104] In steps S12) and S13), the displacement signal of the pressing actuator 3 is detected and output in real time by the displacement sensor installed on the pressing actuator 3, which is used to determine the displacement of the grinding actuator 4 and the remaining thickness of the grinding wheel of the grinding head 6.

[0105] In steps S12) and S13), the sensor assembly 31, which is located on or connected in series with the pressing actuator 3, determines whether the grinding head 6 has touched the top surface 34 of the rail.

[0106] In steps S12) and S13), the change in the output power of the grinding actuator 4 is obtained to determine whether the grinding head 6 has touched the top surface 34 of the rail.

[0107] In steps S12) and S13), the average cutting pressure or average power of the grinding actuator 4 is monitored. When the average downward pressure or average power exceeds a certain range of the set target value, the downward pressure or length of the pressing actuator 3 is adjusted, and then the length of the pressing actuator 3 is locked.

[0108] In the description of this application, it should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly or indirectly set on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly or indirectly connected to the other element.

[0109] It should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0110] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" or "several" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0111] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., shown in the accompanying drawings of this specification are only used to complement the content disclosed in the specification for those skilled in the art to understand and read, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which this application can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportions, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and purposes that this application can produce, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in this application.

[0112] By implementing the grinding unit pressing mechanism described in the specific embodiments of this application, including the grinding unit and grinding carriage of the mechanism, the following technical effects can be achieved:

[0113] (1) The grinding unit pressing mechanism described in the specific embodiments of this application includes the grinding unit and grinding car of the mechanism. It adopts a non-constant power or non-constant pressure grinding method, and adapts to rail defects through the elastic deformation of the buffer element. It passively adjusts the grinding pressure to achieve the non-constant force grinding target of large cutting force at the peak of the wave and small cutting force at the trough of the wave, thereby achieving the purpose of eliminating the wave defects and greatly improving the ability to eliminate the wave defects.

[0114] (2) The grinding unit pressing mechanism described in the specific embodiments of this application includes the grinding unit and grinding carriage of the mechanism. The problem of high rigidity of the pressing actuator itself is solved by the buffer element, so that the grinding actuator can grind smoothly and evenly, and there will be no abnormal sudden change in grinding effect when facing large impact conditions.

[0115] (3) The grinding unit pressing mechanism described in the specific embodiments of this application includes the grinding unit and grinding carriage of the mechanism. By adding buffer elements, the vibration and impact are effectively reduced, the service life of the pressing actuator, the grinding unit frame and the grinding carriage is greatly improved, and the technical problem of fatigue damage is effectively solved.

[0116] (4) The grinding unit pressing mechanism described in the specific embodiments of this application includes the grinding unit and grinding car of the mechanism, which solves the technical problems of existing hydraulic cylinder pressing method, such as high rigidity, easy over-grinding at the grinding start point, large impact of real-time adjustment of pressing pressure during grinding, easy blueing phenomenon, and poor smoothness of rail surface.

[0117] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0118] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application in any way. Although this application has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit this application. Any person skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the technical solutions of this application using the methods and techniques disclosed above, or modify them into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, without departing from the spirit and technical essence of this application. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent substitutions, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this application without departing from the content of the technical solutions of this application shall still fall within the protection scope of the technical solutions of this application.

Claims

1. A grinding unit pressing mechanism, characterized in that, include: The upper mounting base (1), buffer element (2), and downward pressing actuator (3) are provided. The downward pressing actuator (3) is connected between the upper mounting base (1) and the grinding actuator (4) through the buffer element (2) provided at its end. The downward pressing actuator (3) operates in a non-constant power or non-constant pressure grinding mode, and eliminates the corrugation defects on the top surface (34) of the rail through the elastic deformation of the buffer element (2). When the grinding head (6) of the grinding actuator (4) runs to the trough position of the top surface (34) of the rail, The buffer element (2) is subjected to additional downward tensile deformation and generates an additional upward tensile force, thereby reducing the squeezing contact force between the grinding head (6) and the top surface (34) of the rail, and reducing the grinding cutting amount at the trough position; when the grinding head (6) moves to the crest position of the top surface (34) of the rail, the buffer element (2) is subjected to additional upward thrust and generates an additional downward pressure, thereby increasing the squeezing contact force between the grinding head (6) and the top surface (34) of the rail, and increasing the grinding cutting amount at the crest position.

2. The grinding unit pressing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the pressing actuator (3) is connected to the upper mounting base (1) through the buffer element (2), and the other end is connected to the grinding actuator (4) through the lower mounting base (5).

3. The grinding unit pressing mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The other end of the pressure actuator (3) is connected to the lower mounting base (5) through an elastic structure (25).

4. The grinding unit pressing mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: When grinding is performed, the pressing actuator (3) is set to a length-locked state.

5. The grinding unit pressing mechanism according to claim 1, 2 or 4, characterized in that: The pressing actuator (3) is any device, including hydraulic cylinders and electric push rods, that can drive the grinding actuator (4) to perform linear motion.

6. The grinding unit pressing mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that: The pressing actuator (3) is also equipped with a displacement sensor, which can detect and output the displacement signal of the pressing actuator (3) in real time, and is used to determine the displacement of the grinding actuator (4) and the remaining thickness of the grinding wheel of the grinding head (6).

7. The grinding unit pressing mechanism according to claim 1, 2, 4 or 6, characterized in that: A sensor assembly (31) is also provided on the pressing actuator (3) or in series with the pressing actuator (3). The sensor assembly (31) can determine whether the grinding head (6) has touched the top surface (34) of the rail.

8. The grinding unit pressing mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that: When the grinding operation is controlled, the average cutting pressure of the grinding actuator (4) is monitored. When the average downward pressure exceeds a certain range of the set target value, the downward pressure or length of the downward actuator (3) is adjusted, and then the length of the downward actuator (3) is locked.

9. The grinding unit pressing mechanism according to claim 1, 2, 4, 6 or 8, characterized in that: By obtaining the change in the output power of the grinding actuator (4), it is determined whether the grinding head (6) has touched the top surface (34) of the rail.

10. The grinding unit pressing mechanism according to claim 9, characterized in that: When the grinding operation is controlled, the average power of the grinding actuator (4) is monitored. When the average power exceeds the set target value by a certain range, the downward pressure or length of the pressing actuator (3) is adjusted, and then the length of the pressing actuator (3) is locked.

11. The grinding unit pressing mechanism according to claim 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 or 10, characterized in that: The buffer element (2) includes a metal bushing (10) and an elastic bushing (11). The connector (13) at one end of the pressing actuator (3) is connected to the upper mounting base (1) through a pin (12). The metal bushing (10) is sleeved on the pin (12), and the elastic bushing (11) is sleeved on the metal bushing (10) and located between the metal bushing (10) and the connector (13). When the cylinder (8) of the pressing actuator (3) is subjected to an external vertical displacement load, the cylinder (8) pushes the connector (13) and the metal bushing (10) to generate vertical displacement simultaneously, thereby causing the upper and lower parts of the elastic bushing (11) to undergo tensile and compressive deformation, and the left and right parts to undergo shear deformation, thereby generating an additional reaction force on the pressing actuator (3).

12. The grinding unit pressing mechanism according to claim 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 or 10, characterized in that: The buffer element (2) includes several elastic layers (14) and metal plates (15) stacked at intervals. The elastic layers (14) and metal plates (15) are disposed between the vertical plate (17) and the connecting plate (16) of the upper mounting base (1). The connecting seat (41) at one end of the pressing actuator (3) is connected to the connecting plate (16) through a pin (12). When the upper mounting base (1) is fixed, the displacement change of the cylinder (8) of the pressing actuator (3) is transmitted to the connecting plate (16) through the pin (12), causing a vertical relative displacement between the upper mounting base (1) and the connecting plate (16). This displacement causes the composite structure of the elastic layer (14) and the metal plate (15) to undergo vertical shear deformation, thereby generating a vertical reaction force.

13. The grinding unit pressing mechanism according to claim 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 or 10, characterized in that: One end of the pressing actuator (3) is provided with a flange-type connector (13), which is connected to the upper mounting base (1) through a cylinder (18); the cylinder (18) is sleeved on the connector (13), and the buffer element (2) includes a compression spring (20) disposed between the upper part of the cylinder (18) and the connector (13), and between the lower part of the connector (13) and the cylinder (18); when the cylinder (8) of the pressing actuator (3) is fixed, the displacement change of the connector (13) pushes the compression spring (20) to undergo elastic deformation, thereby generating a change in vertical reaction force.

14. The grinding unit pressing mechanism according to claim 13, characterized in that: A pad (19) is provided between the upper part of the cylinder (18) and the compression spring (20). An adjusting screw (21) and a locking nut (22) are also provided on the upper part of the cylinder (18). The adjusting screw (21) is connected to the cylinder (18) by a threaded pair and is fixed by the locking nut (22). The adjusting screw (21) adjusts the compression force of the compression spring (20) through the pad (19).

15. The grinding unit pressing mechanism according to claim 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 or 10, characterized in that: One end of the pressing actuator (3) is connected to the upper mounting base (1) through the I-frame (23). The buffer element (2) includes an elastic element (24) disposed between the upper mounting base (1) and the I-frame (23). When the entire pressing actuator (3) after locking undergoes vertical displacement, the elastic element (24) undergoes additional deformation, thereby generating an additional vertical reaction force on the pressing actuator (3).

16. The grinding unit pressing mechanism according to claim 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 or 10, characterized in that: One end of the pressing actuator (3) is connected to the upper mounting base (1) via a connector (13). An isolation piston (29) is provided inside the rodless chamber of the cylinder (8) of the pressing actuator (3). An elastic compression body (30) is filled between the isolation piston (29) and the cylinder (8). When the pressing actuator (3) is in a locked state and is subjected to vertical pushing and pulling, the volume change of the elastic compression body (30) inside the cylinder (8) of the pressing actuator (3) causes the pressing actuator (3) to generate corresponding vertical extension and contraction.

17. The grinding unit pressing mechanism according to claim 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 or 10, characterized in that: One end of the pressing actuator (3) is connected to the upper mounting base (1) through a connector (13). A rubber air bladder is provided inside the rodless cavity of the cylinder (8) of the pressing actuator (3). When the pressing actuator (3) is in a locked state and is subjected to vertical pushing and pulling, the volume change of the rubber air bladder inside the cylinder (8) of the pressing actuator (3) causes the pressing actuator (3) to produce corresponding vertical extension and contraction.

18. A polishing unit, characterized in that, include: The grinding actuator (4), grinding unit frame (33), connecting frame (38), and grinding unit pressing mechanism as described in any one of claims 1 to 17; a guide post (39) is connected between the grinding unit frame (33) and the connecting frame (38), and an upper mounting seat (1) is disposed on the connecting frame (38); a guide sleeve (40) is sleeved on the guide post (39), and the guide sleeve (40) is fixed on the grinding actuator (4).

19. The polishing unit according to claim 18, characterized in that: The grinding unit frame (33) is connected to the vehicle frame via a second pin, and an elastic bushing (32) is provided between the grinding unit frame (33) and the second pin.

20. A rail grinding vehicle, characterized in that, include: The polishing unit as described in claim 18 or 19.

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