Intelligent measurement method for construction waste components

Abstract

The application provides a kind of building waste component intelligent measurement method, it is related to building waste processing field;The method comprises the following steps: S10, the weight W of building waste is obtained 废 And the bulk volume V 废 ;S20, building waste is divided into two categories of inert waste and non-inert waste, and the component ratio is P 惰性 And P 非惰性 ; S30, a general linear equation is established;The beneficial effects of the application are: the building waste mixture meeting the classification standard can be quickly, accurately and low-cost identified, the building waste with low classification recycling value is excluded, so that time cost and mechanical cost are saved, and building waste processing efficiency is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of construction waste treatment, and more particularly, to a method for intelligently measuring the components of construction waste. BACKGROUND

[0002] Construction waste, also known as construction debris, refers to construction materials discarded during construction, renovation, reconstruction, and demolition activities. Construction waste generally accounts for 25% of the total amount of solid waste generated in cities (by weight). According to previous research results, in 2014 alone, the United States generated approximately 534 million tons of construction waste, while China generated approximately 11.3 million tons of construction waste. The composition of much of the construction debris has a much lower impact on the environment than household waste and chemical waste, but its massive production volume amplifies its negative impact on the environment. Therefore, construction waste management is an important social and environmental issue for most countries and regions around the world.

[0003] For environmental protection and resource utilization, many cities have adopted "3R" (i.e., reduce, reuse, recycle) construction waste management measures. For a given pile of construction waste, the disposal method depends mainly on its composition. For example, in Hong Kong, construction waste composed entirely of inert components (i.e., stable chemical components such as concrete, bricks, sand, cement, asphalt, etc.) can be directly transported to public fill areas, where the waste is then reused for land reclamation, foundation pit backfilling, and sand production. Construction waste containing more than 50% (by weight) of inert components can be transported to a public sorting station for waste sorting and subsequent processing. Construction waste with less than 50% of inert components is directly sent to a landfill for disposal.

[0004] However, determining the composition of a pile of construction waste is a difficult task, as it is usually formed by mixing various discarded construction materials in random proportions. Traditional manual sorting and weighing methods can obtain accurate composition data, but are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and are clearly not suitable for large quantities of construction waste. In recent years, some researchers have proposed using new technologies (such as image recognition and X-ray scanning) to analyze the composition of construction waste, but these methods can only analyze the type of construction waste (i.e., determine what materials are included) and cannot measure the quantity of each component. Therefore, a new method and device are needed to quickly, accurately, and cost-effectively measure the composition of construction waste and the quantity of each component, thereby promoting the resource management of construction waste. SUMMARY

[0005] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an intelligent measurement method for the composition of construction waste. This method can quickly and accurately estimate the composition of inert and non-inert waste in construction waste, thereby improving the processing efficiency of construction waste.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: an intelligent measurement method for the composition of construction waste, the improvement of which is that the method includes the following steps:

[0007] S10, Obtain the weight W of the construction waste 废 and the stacked volume V 废 ;

[0008] S20. Construction waste is divided into two categories: inert waste and non-inert waste, with their component proportions being P... 惰性 and P 非惰性 ;

[0009] S30. Establish a general linear equation and calculate the component proportions of construction waste according to the following formula:

[0010]

[0011] Where α is the coefficient of the equation, and β is the constant term of the equation;

[0012] In step S30, P 惰性 Based on actual needs, a preset is made, assuming P 惰性 The value of is defined as θ; the steps to obtain α and β are as follows:

[0013] S301. Sampling survey: Randomly sample construction waste from vehicles, obtain the net weight of the construction waste, and calculate the accumulated volume of the construction waste; sort the construction waste to obtain the weight of inert waste components or non-inert waste components, and then calculate the proportion of non-inert waste components or inert waste components in the construction waste.

[0014] S302. Data visualization: Visualize the sampling data with the volume and weight of the accumulated construction waste as the horizontal and vertical axes, respectively, to determine the total volume distribution of data samples with a proportion of inert waste greater than θ and less than θ, and to determine whether there is a significant dividing line. If there is a significant dividing line, proceed to the next step; otherwise, return to step S301 and continue to increase the sample size.

[0015] S303. Data fitting: By using linear fitting, the potential boundary line is fitted. The estimated values ​​of α and β are obtained from the fitting results. The estimated values ​​of α and β are substituted into the formula in step S30 to obtain the quantified boundary line where the proportion of inert waste components is greater than θ and less than θ.

[0016] S304, after obtaining the values of α and β, the formula in step S30 can be used to measure the proportion of inert waste components in construction waste.

[0017] Further, in step S10, the weight W of the construction waste is obtained 废 Including:

[0018] The total weight W is obtained by weighing the construction waste transport vehicle using a weighbridge 总 , the total weight W 总 is the weight W of the construction waste 废 and the tare weight W of the transport vehicle. 车 The sum.

[0019] Further, in step S10, the weight W of the construction waste is obtained 废 Including:

[0020] The weight W of the construction waste is obtained by using a vehicle-mounted electronic scale 废 The vehicle-mounted electronic scale is installed at the bottom of the vehicle's hopper.

[0021] Further, in step S10, the bulk volume V of the construction waste is obtained 废 Including:

[0022] The average height H of the construction waste is measured using a distance sensor 废 , and multiplied by the hopper bottom area A of the transport vehicle 斗 to obtain the bulk volume V of the construction waste 废 , that is, V 废 = H 废 *A 斗 .

[0023] Further, the distance sensor is installed above a specific gate or at the top of the vehicle's hopper.

[0024] Further, in step S20, the inert waste mainly includes concrete, bricks, stones, and cement mortar, and the non-inert waste mainly includes plastic, paperboard, wood board, and textiles.

[0025] Further, in step S301, 5-10 data samples with inert component proportions greater than θ and less than θ are obtained.

[0026] Further, in step S303, a linear fitting method based on the least squares method is used to fit the potential dividing line.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present application are: the building waste component intelligent measurement method provided by the present application can quickly, accurately and at low cost identify building waste mixtures that meet the classification standard without human intervention, and exclude building waste with low classification recycling value, thereby saving time and mechanical costs and improving the efficiency of building waste treatment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 The flowchart of the building waste component intelligent measurement method of the present application.

[0029] Figure 2 The detailed step diagram of step S30 in the present application.

[0030] Figure 3 The relationship diagram between the inert component proportion and the bulk density of the building waste in the present application.

[0031] Figure 4 The visualization diagram of the data of the building waste in the present application.

[0032] Figure 5 The scenario diagram of the present application applied to a building waste treatment plant. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present application will be further described below in combination with the drawings and examples.

[0034] The concept, specific structure and technical effects of the present application will be described clearly and completely in combination with the examples and drawings, so as to fully understand the purpose, features and effects of the present application. Obviously, the described examples are only a part of the examples of the present application, but not all the examples. Based on the examples of the present application, other examples obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the protection scope of the present application. In addition, all the coupling / connection relations involved in the patent do not mean that the components are directly connected, but means that the better coupling structure can be composed by adding or reducing the coupling auxiliary parts according to the specific implementation situation. The technical features in the present application can be combined interactively without mutual contradiction and conflict.

[0035] REFERENCE Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, this invention discloses an intelligent method for measuring the composition of construction waste. This method can quickly and accurately estimate the amount of inert components (higher recycling value) and non-inert components (lower recycling value) in construction waste. The principle is based on the positive correlation between the component proportions of construction waste and its bulk density. Specifically, in this embodiment, the intelligent method for measuring the composition of construction waste includes the following steps:

[0036] S10, Obtain the weight W of the construction waste 废 and the stacked volume V 废 ;

[0037] In this embodiment, in step S10, the weight W of the construction waste is obtained. 废 include:

[0038] Weighing vehicles transporting construction waste using a weighbridge to obtain the total weight W 总 Total weight W 总 The weight W of construction waste 废 Tare weight W of the transport vehicle 车 The sum of the weights. The tare weight of a transport vehicle is generally known, or can be obtained by weighing it on a weighbridge when it is empty. Therefore, the tare weight of a transport vehicle loaded with construction waste is obtained by weighing it on a weighbridge. 总 After that, W can be used 总 -W 车 Obtain the weight W of the construction waste 废 .

[0039] In another specific embodiment, the weight W of the construction waste is obtained. 废 This includes: using a vehicle-mounted electronic scale to obtain the weight W of construction waste. 废 A vehicle-mounted electronic scale is installed at the bottom of the truck bed to obtain real-time information about the vehicle's load. These scales are now widely used in many transport vehicles, such as coal trucks in coal mines and cargo transfer vehicles at docks.

[0040] Furthermore, in step S10, the accumulated volume V of the construction waste is obtained. 废 Includes: using distance sensors to measure the average height H of construction waste. 废 and compare it with the bottom area A of the transport vehicle's cargo bed. 斗 Multiplying these two components gives the accumulated volume V of the construction waste. 废 V 废 =H 废 *A 斗The length and width of the vehicle's hopper are relatively uniform due to the constraints of road transport regulations and vehicle design specifications, and can be directly obtained from the vehicle manufacturer's public database or by interviewing the transport vehicle driver. In actual product design, the loading height measuring device can be fixed at a distance sensor above a specific gate. The height of the construction waste loaded by the transport vehicle is derived from the data obtained by the distance sensor.

[0041] Similarly, in another specific embodiment, the distance sensor is installed on the top of the vehicle hopper; by measuring and calculating the average height difference before and after loading, the average loading height of the waste is obtained.

[0042] S20, the construction waste is divided into two categories of inert waste and non-inert waste, and the component proportions are P 惰性 and P 非惰性 ; in this embodiment, the inert waste mainly includes concrete, bricks, stones, and cement mortar, and the non-inert waste mainly includes plastic, paperboard, wood board, and textile.

[0043] Before measuring the composition of construction waste, the composition of construction waste needs to be classified. At present, there are many methods of classifying construction waste in the world. For example, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency classifies construction waste into seven categories, including (1) concrete, (2) steel, (3) wood products, (4) gypsum wallboard and gypsum, (5) bricks and clay tiles, (6) asphalt shingles, and (7) asphalt concrete. In Europe, the European Union has established a complete list of construction waste, which classifies construction waste into eight categories, namely (1) concrete, (2) asphalt, (3) ceramic tiles, (4) ceramics, (5) wood, (6) glass, (7) plastic, and (8) gypsum. In other countries and regions, such as Australia, construction waste is usually divided into inert construction waste and non-inert construction waste, where inert construction waste mainly includes concrete, bricks, stones, and cement mortar, and non-inert construction waste mainly includes plastic, paperboard, wood board, and textile.

[0044] The present application classifies construction waste into two categories of inert and non-inert. On the basis of this classification, the construction waste composition measurement problem is clear: how much inert and non-inert components are contained in a pile of construction waste.

[0045] Since the true density of inert materials such as concrete and bricks is generally greater than that of non-inert materials such as plastics and wood, it can be inferred from this general experience that for any two piles of construction waste of equal volume, the one with a higher inert content is generally heavier than the one with a lower inert content. That is, construction waste with a higher inert content generally has a higher bulk density (different from true density). Bulk density is equal to the total weight of construction waste divided by the volume it occupies in its stacked state. This underlying principle reveals a possible statistical relationship between the composition of construction waste and its bulk density. Using attached... Figure 3 The relationship between the proportion of inert components and bulk density in construction waste was visualized. Compared to true density, bulk density is easier to measure and requires less equipment. Therefore, if the statistical relationship between composition and bulk density can be scientifically verified and quantified, this relationship can be used to achieve rapid and low-cost measurement of the composition of construction waste.

[0046] To prove the correctness of the above theoretical reasoning, a large-scale data analysis was conducted. Based on Hong Kong's construction waste management practices, a large dataset was collected, including 3,200,000 truckloads of purely inert construction waste (i.e., construction waste with an inert component ratio close to or equal to 100%) and 1,100,000 truckloads of non-inert construction waste (i.e., construction waste with a non-inert component ratio close to or equal to 100%). The dataset provides the weight and bulk volume of each truckload of construction waste. Based on this, the bulk density of these 4,300,000 truckloads of construction waste was calculated, and the results were compared and analyzed. Big data analysis results show that the bulk density of 3.2 million truckloads of inert construction waste fluctuated between 0.5 tons per cubic meter and 1.8 tons per cubic meter, with the majority concentrated in the range of 0.9 tons per cubic meter to 1.5 tons per cubic meter. Meanwhile, the bulk density of 1.1 million truckloads of non-inert construction waste varied between 0.1 tons per cubic meter and 0.9 tons per cubic meter, with the majority concentrated in the range of 0.2 tons per cubic meter to 0.6 tons per cubic meter. These results demonstrate that construction waste with a higher proportion of inert components generally has a greater bulk density than construction waste with a lower proportion of inert components, thus proving the above... Figure 3 The theoretical reasoning shown.

[0047] S30. Establish a general linear equation and calculate the component proportions of construction waste according to the following formula:

[0048]

[0049] Where α is the coefficient of the equation, also known as the slope; β is the constant term of the equation, also known as the intercept.

[0050] In step S30, P 惰性 Pre-set according to actual needs, P惰性 between 0 and 100, and different cities can also cause the same P 惰性 a and β to exist. In addition, in practical applications, it is not necessary to determine P 惰性 the corresponding value of the entire interval. In practice, P 惰性 is usually designed to be a certain value in advance according to actual needs, for example, in this embodiment, the value is specified as 50% in Hong Kong. In such a scenario, only sampling surveys need to be conducted according to the specified P 惰性 value to obtain the required α and β values. Assuming that the value of P 惰性 is specified as θ; the steps of obtaining a and β are as follows:

[0051] S301, sampling survey, randomly sampling the construction waste on vehicles to obtain the net weight of the construction waste and calculate the bulk volume of the construction waste; sorting the construction waste to obtain the weight of the inert waste component or the non-inert waste component contained therein, and further calculating the proportion of the non-inert waste component or the inert waste component in the construction waste;

[0052] In step S301, 5-10 data samples of the proportion of inert components greater than θ and less than θ are obtained;

[0053] S302, data visualization, visualizing the sampling data with the bulk volume and weight of the construction waste as the horizontal and vertical coordinates, respectively, to determine the total-volume distribution of the data samples of the proportion of inert waste components greater than θ and less than θ, and to judge whether it presents a significant dividing line. If it presents a significant dividing line, the next step is performed, otherwise, it returns to step S301 and continues to increase the sample size;

[0054] S303, data fitting, fitting the potential dividing line by linear fitting, obtaining the estimated values of α and β from the fitting result, and bringing the estimated values of α and β into the formula in step S30 to obtain the quantitative dividing line of the proportion of inert waste components greater than θ and less than θ;

[0055] In the step S303, the linear fitting method based on the least squares method is used to fit the potential dividing line;

[0056] S304, result application, after obtaining the values of α and β, the formula in step S30 can be used to measure the proportion of inert waste components in the construction waste.

[0057] In a specific embodiment, to further demonstrate the operating mechanism of the proposed solution, it is assumed that the acceptable requirement for construction waste is "the proportion of inert components in construction waste is not less than 50%". Then, the corresponding data is collected to solve for the values ​​of coefficients α and β, thereby establishing a solution for judging whether the proportion of inert components in construction waste is not less than 50%.

[0058] (1) Collect real data. Data were collected from 310 truckloads of construction waste with an inert component ratio of less than 50% and from 294 truckloads of construction waste with an inert component ratio of more than 50%.

[0059] (2) Data Visualization. The data of 604 truckloads of construction waste were visualized using the volume of the pile as the x-axis and the weight as the y-axis, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 4 As shown, data points for construction waste with an inert component greater than 50% are mainly located in the upper left region of the 2D plot, while data points for construction waste with an inert component less than 50% are mainly located in the lower left region of the 2D plot. Furthermore, a potential dividing line can be observed between data points with inert components greater than and less than 50%.

[0060] (3) Data fitting. The potential dividing line between data points with an inert component ratio greater than or less than 50% was fitted using a linear fitting method based on the least squares method. The equation of the optimal dividing line was obtained as: W-0.42W-0.29=0.

[0061] (4) Use this equation to determine whether the proportion of inert components in construction waste is high or low. Specifically, when the result of the equation W-0.42W-0.29 is greater than 0, it means that the proportion of inert components in the construction waste is greater than 50%; when the result of W-0.42W-0.29 is less than 0, it means that the proportion of inert components in the construction waste is less than 50%.

[0062] (5) Result Evaluation. Based on the fitted equation W-0.42W-0.29=0, the model was used to predict whether the proportion of inert components in the collected 604 truckloads of construction waste was greater than 50%. The model's judgment result was compared with the actual data, and the accuracy rate of the model was found to be 90.2%. This value indicates that the model has good predictive performance. Therefore, the model can be packaged and combined with appropriate hardware equipment to form a complete intelligent measurement scheme for construction waste components.

[0063] Using the above method, the values ​​of coefficients α and β can also be solved for other inert component ratio requirements (e.g., 30% or 60%), thereby deriving a solution suitable for the new requirements.

[0064] For further explanation, refer to Figure 5The application of the scheme to a construction waste treatment plant is demonstrated. It is assumed that a construction waste treatment plant only accepts construction waste with more than 50% inert content, and less than 50% is rejected. The operation flow of the whole measurement scheme includes the following main steps:

[0065] (1) The average height H of the construction waste loaded on the transport vehicle is measured and calculated using a distance sensor.

[0066] (2) The total weight of the transport vehicle (including the self-weight of the vehicle body and the net weight of the construction waste) is weighed using a platform scale.

[0067] (3) The obtained average height of the construction waste is multiplied by the pre-registered bottom area of the transport vehicle hopper (length x width), thereby calculating the bulk volume of the construction waste.

[0068] (4) The total weight of the transport vehicle obtained by weighing is subtracted from the pre-registered self-weight of the transport vehicle, thereby obtaining the net weight of the construction waste.

[0069] (5) The net weight and the bulk volume are input into a computer that encapsulates the function W-0.42W-0.29, and the result is automatically calculated and determined whether it is greater than 0.

[0070] (6) According to the determination result, it is determined whether the measured construction waste meets the requirements. If it meets the requirements, it is accepted, otherwise it is rejected.

[0071] In summary, the intelligent measurement method of construction waste components provided by the present application, compared with the manual classification and then weighing calculation component measurement method, the present application does not need manual intervention, and the measurement can be automatically completed by machine equipment, and the measurement process is time-saving and low-cost. Compared with the previous component measurement method based on image or X-ray scanning, the advantage of the present application is that the accurate quantity (i.e. weight) of different components can be obtained.

[0072] In addition, the present application has the following advantages: first, the use of this intelligent measurement scheme by the construction waste treatment plant can quickly, accurately and low-cost identify the construction waste mixture that meets the classification standard, and exclude the construction waste with low classification recycling value, thereby saving time and mechanical costs, and improving the efficiency of construction waste treatment. Second, construction contractors and construction waste transport drivers can use this scheme to measure the component proportion of each vehicle of construction waste sent from the construction site, and decide whether to adjust the component proportion according to the measurement result, thereby determining the optimal construction waste disposal scheme. Third, the social efficiency of construction waste treatment can be improved, thereby better protecting the natural environment.

[0073] The above is a specific description of the preferred embodiment of the application, but the application is not limited to the described embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or replacements without departing from the spirit of the application, and these equivalent modifications or replacements are all included in the scope defined by the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method of intelligent measurement of construction waste components, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: S10, acquiring the weight W of the construction waste 废 and the bulk volume V 废 ; S20, the construction waste is divided into two categories of inert waste and non-inert waste, and the component proportions are P 惰性 and P 非惰性 ; S30, establishing a general linear equation, and calculating the component proportion of the construction waste according to the following formula: Wherein, a is the equation coefficient, and β is the equation constant term; In step S30, P 惰性 is preset according to actual requirements, and the value of P 惰性 is θ; the acquisition steps of α and β are as follows: S301, sampling investigation, randomly selecting the vehicle-mounted construction waste, obtaining the net weight of the construction waste, and calculating the bulk volume of the construction waste; sorting the construction waste, obtaining the weight of the inert waste component or the non-inert waste component contained therein, and then calculating the proportion of the non-inert waste component or the inert waste component in the construction waste; S302, data visualization, taking the bulk volume and the weight of the construction waste as the horizontal coordinate and the vertical coordinate respectively, visualizing the sampling data, determining the total amount and the volume distribution of the data samples with the inert waste component proportion greater than θ and less than θ, and judging whether a significant boundary line is presented, if a significant boundary line is presented, the next step is performed, otherwise, the step S301 is returned to, and the sample amount is continuously increased; S303, data fitting, fitting the potential boundary line through linear fitting, obtaining the estimated values of a and β through the fitting result, and bringing the estimated values of a and β into the formula in the step S30 to obtain the quantitative boundary line of the inert waste component proportion greater than θ and less than θ; S304, result application, after the values of a and β are obtained, the formula in the step S30 can be used to measure the proportion of the inert waste component in the construction waste.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, In the step S10, the weight W of the construction waste is acquired 废 comprising: The total weight W is obtained by weighing the construction waste transport vehicle using a weighbridge 总 The total weight W is the sum of the weight of the construction waste W 总 废 and the tare weight of the transport vehicle W 车 .​ 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: In the step S10, the weight W of the construction waste is acquired 废 comprising: The weight W of the construction waste is obtained by using the vehicle-mounted electronic scale 废 The vehicle-mounted electronic scale is installed at the bottom of the vehicle hopper.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein, In the step S10, the accumulated volume V of the construction waste is acquired 废 comprising: The average height H of the construction waste is measured by a distance sensor 废 and multiplied by the floor area A of the vehicle hopper of the transport vehicle 斗 to obtain the volume V of the construction waste 废 , i.e. 废 V 废 = H 斗 *A 5. The method of claim 4, wherein, The distance sensor is installed above a specific gate or on the top of a vehicle hopper.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, In the step S20, the inert waste mainly includes concrete, bricks, stones and cement mortar, and the non-inert waste mainly includes plastic, paperboard, wood board and textile.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: In the step S301, 5-10 data samples with the inert component proportion greater than θ and less than θ are obtained.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein, In the step S303, the linear fitting method based on the least square method is used to fit the potential boundary line.

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