A balanced conversion power directional coupler for short pulse power linear superposition

Abstract

A balanced conversion power directional coupler for linear superposition of short pulse power comprises: a first coaxial transmission line, a second coaxial transmission line and a magnetic ring. The present invention can solve the problem of power saturation in the existing short pulse power synthesis method and realize linear power superposition; the present invention can realize the conversion of two unbalanced pulses to one balanced pulse, and the pulse has strong anti-interference performance during transmission; the present invention has a small space volume, and when applied to inductive energy storage pulse forming line (IES-PFL) power synthesis, the volume of the pulse generator can be reduced to realize compact design; the components used in the present invention have low manufacturing cost and good economy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of all-solid-state pulse power sources, and in particular to a balanced conversion power directional coupler for linear superposition of short pulse power. Background Art

[0002] Modular pulse superposition is one of the main trends in the development of all-solid-state pulse power source technology in recent years. The modular pulse superposition method realizes high-voltage short pulse shaping by power synthesis through the "low-power pulses" generated by the modules. Its advantage is that the pressure of insulation, withstand voltage and power capacity of switching devices, structural complexity, etc. in the modules will be relieved, which is conducive to standardization and mass production, can improve versatility, and reduce costs and maintenance difficulties.

[0003] At present, modular pulse superposition methods include: Marx voltage superposition, LTD induction superposition, and pulse forming line (PFL) stacking. The Marx circuit adopts "parallel charging and series discharge". When boosting, the low-voltage end of each module is connected to the high-voltage end of the previous stage. A square wave can be obtained by using a three-terminal full-control switch, but as the number of stages increases, the output current increases, the front edge slows down and the output power saturates, showing nonlinear superposition. Each module of LTD has the same potential, and the voltage is superimposed on the output end through the electromagnetic induction of the magnetic core. Therefore, LTD can better realize power linear superposition, but there is also the problem of low magnetization efficiency of the fast-front short pulse magnetic core. The wide-band characteristic of the forming line has advantages in fast-front short pulse shaping, but when PFL is stacked, linear power superposition cannot be achieved due to the voltage reflection of the output port.

[0004] In summary, although the existing pulse superposition method can realize modular power synthesis, the power superposition presents a "nonlinear" characteristic. From the perspective of circuit analysis, the voltage is essentially the potential difference between two nodes, that is, the potential is "unbalanced". The high voltage output is an unbalanced state. When the potential is unbalanced, the electromagnetic energy will transfer from high potential to low potential. The power superposition is nonlinear, and the power superposition saturation phenomenon occurs. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the "non-linear" characteristics of the stacked power synthesis of the existing short power synthesis method and the power superposition saturation phenomenon, the present invention proposes a balanced transformation power directional coupler for linear superposition of short pulse power, which has good practical value and application prospects in the field of solid-state high-voltage short pulse sources.

[0006] The technical solution adopted to achieve the purpose of the present invention is as follows: a balanced transformation power directional coupler for linear superposition of short pulse power includes: a first coaxial transmission line, a second coaxial transmission line and a magnetic ring.

[0007] The first coaxial transmission line and the second coaxial transmission line include an inner conductor and an outer conductor covering the inner conductor.

[0008] One end of the first coaxial transmission line is recorded as a positive pulse input terminal, and the other end is recorded as a first pulse output terminal.

[0009] The positive pulse input terminal includes a first input terminal and a second input terminal.

[0010] The first input terminal is an inner conductor of the first pulse input end, and the second input terminal is an outer conductor of the first pulse input end.

[0011] The first input terminal and the second input terminal are electrically connected to the output end of the external positive pulse generator respectively.

[0012] An inner conductor of the first pulse output terminal is connected to a load.

[0013] One end of the second coaxial transmission line is recorded as a negative pulse input terminal, and the other end is recorded as a second pulse output terminal.

[0014] The negative pulse input terminal includes a third input terminal and a fourth input terminal.

[0015] The third input terminal is an inner conductor of the second pulse input terminal, and the fourth input terminal is an outer conductor of the second pulse input terminal.

[0016] The third input terminal and the fourth input terminal are electrically connected to the output end of the external negative pulse generator respectively.

[0017] The outer conductor of the second pulse output terminal is electrically connected to the outer conductor of the first pulse output terminal.

[0018] An inner conductor of the second pulse output terminal is connected to a load.

[0019] The first coaxial transmission line and the second coaxial transmission line are symmetrically wound on two sides of the magnetic ring.

[0020] When working, the first pulse output terminal and the second pulse output terminal are connected to the two ends of the load respectively, the first input terminal and the second input terminal are connected to a pulse generator that generates a positive pulse, and the first coaxial transmission line receives a positive pulse transmitted by the external positive pulse generator. The third input terminal and the fourth input terminal are connected to a pulse generator that generates a negative pulse, and the second coaxial transmission line receives a negative pulse transmitted by the external negative pulse generator.

[0021] The first coaxial transmission line and the second coaxial transmission line work together to convert two unbalanced positive pulses and negative pulses into one positive and negative balanced pulse, and apply the positive and negative balanced pulses to the load to achieve linear voltage multiplication.

[0022] Furthermore, there is no electrical connection between the coaxial transmission line and the magnetic ring.

[0023] Furthermore, the magnetic ring includes an annular ferrite core.

[0024] The technical effects of the present invention are undoubted, and the beneficial effects of the present invention include:

[0025] 1. The present invention can solve the problem of power saturation in the existing short pulse power synthesis method and realize power linear superposition;

[0026] 2. The present invention can realize the conversion of two unbalanced pulses into one balanced pulse, and the pulse has strong anti-interference performance during the transmission process;

[0027] 3. The present invention has a small space volume. When applied to the power synthesis of the inductive energy storage pulse forming line (IES-PFL), the volume of the pulse generator can be reduced to achieve a compact design;

[0028] 4. The components used in the present invention have low manufacturing costs and good economic efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a balanced conversion power directional coupler;

[0030] Figure 2 It is the power synthesis of inductive energy storage pulse forming line balanced conversion;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a physical picture of a balanced conversion power directional coupler;

[0032] Figure 4 It is an experimental prototype of inductive energy storage pulse forming line balanced conversion power synthesis;

[0033] Figure 5 It is an inductive energy storage type pulse forming line positive pulse voltage waveform;

[0034] Figure 6 It is an inductive energy storage type pulse forming line negative pulse voltage waveform;

[0035] Figure 7 It is the power linear superposition pulse voltage waveform;

[0036] In the figure: a first input terminal 1 , a second input terminal 2 , a third input terminal 3 , a fourth input terminal 4 , a first pulse output terminal 5 , a second pulse output terminal 6 , a first coaxial transmission line 7 , a second coaxial transmission line 8 , and a magnetic ring 9 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the embodiments, but it should not be understood that the above subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following embodiments. Without departing from the above technical ideas of the present invention, various substitutions and changes are made according to the common technical knowledge and customary means in the art, which should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0038] Embodiment 1:

[0039] See also Figures 1 to 7 A balanced transformation power directional coupler for linear superposition of short pulse power includes: a first coaxial transmission line 7, a second coaxial transmission line 8 and a magnetic ring 9.

[0040] The first coaxial transmission line 7 and the second coaxial transmission line 8 include an inner conductor and an outer conductor covering the inner conductor. The coaxial line includes a transmission line with a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms.

[0041] One end of the first coaxial transmission line 7 is marked as a positive pulse input terminal, and the other end is marked as a first pulse output terminal 5 .

[0042] The positive pulse input terminal includes a first input terminal 1 and a second input terminal 2 .

[0043] The first input terminal 1 is an inner conductor of the first pulse input end, and the second input terminal 2 is an outer conductor of the first pulse input end.

[0044] The first input terminal 1 and the second input terminal 2 are electrically connected to the output end of the external positive pulse generator respectively.

[0045] An inner conductor of the first pulse output terminal 5 is connected to a load.

[0046] One end of the second coaxial transmission line 8 is marked as a negative pulse input terminal, and the other end is marked as a second pulse output terminal 6 .

[0047] The negative pulse input terminal includes a third input terminal 3 and a fourth input terminal 4 .

[0048] The third input terminal 3 is an inner conductor of the second pulse input terminal, and the fourth input terminal 4 is an outer conductor of the second pulse input terminal.

[0049] The third input terminal 3 and the fourth input terminal 4 are electrically connected to the output ends of the external negative pulse generator respectively.

[0050] The outer conductor of the second pulse output terminal 6 is electrically connected to the outer conductor of the first pulse output terminal 5. The outer conductors of the two coaxial transmission lines are electrically connected, and the two inner copper cores are connected to the load as two terminals of the pulse output end.

[0051] An inner conductor of the second pulse output terminal 6 is connected to a load.

[0052] The first coaxial transmission line 7 and the second coaxial transmission line 8 are symmetrically wound on both sides of the magnetic ring 9 .

[0053] When working, the first pulse output terminal 5 and the second pulse output terminal 6 are connected to the two ends of the load respectively, and the output end of the balanced conversion power directional coupler is connected to a 100 ohm thick film non-inductive resistor. The circuit connection schematic diagram and the prototype are shown in Figure 2 , 4 As shown. The first input terminal 1 and the second input terminal 2 are connected to a pulse generator that generates positive pulses, and the first coaxial transmission line 7 receives the positive pulse transmitted by the external positive pulse generator. The third input terminal 3 and the fourth input terminal 4 are connected to a pulse generator that generates negative pulses, and the second coaxial transmission line 8 receives the negative pulse transmitted by the external negative pulse generator. The first coaxial transmission line 7 and the second coaxial transmission line 8 work together to convert two unbalanced positive pulses and negative pulses into one positive and negative balanced pulse, and the positive and negative balanced pulses act on the load to achieve linear voltage multiplication.

[0054] There is no electrical connection between the coaxial transmission line and the magnetic ring 9 .

[0055] The magnetic ring 9 comprises an annular ferrite core. The magnetic ring is made of an annular ferrite core with a relatively high magnetic permeability to ensure that the device of the invention has a relatively high bandwidth.

[0056] Embodiment 2:

[0057] See also Figures 1 to 7 A balanced transformation power directional coupler for linear superposition of short pulse power includes: a first coaxial transmission line 7, a second coaxial transmission line 8 and a magnetic ring 9.

[0058] The first coaxial transmission line 7 and the second coaxial transmission line 8 include an inner conductor and an outer conductor covering the inner conductor. The coaxial line includes a transmission line with a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms.

[0059] One end of the first coaxial transmission line 7 is marked as a positive pulse input terminal, and the other end is marked as a first pulse output terminal 5 .

[0060] The positive pulse input terminal includes a first input terminal 1 and a second input terminal 2 .

[0061] The first input terminal 1 is an inner conductor of the first pulse input end, and the second input terminal 2 is an outer conductor of the first pulse input end.

[0062] The first input terminal 1 and the second input terminal 2 are electrically connected to the output end of the external positive pulse generator respectively.

[0063] An inner conductor of the first pulse output terminal 5 is connected to a load.

[0064] One end of the second coaxial transmission line 8 is marked as a negative pulse input terminal, and the other end is marked as a second pulse output terminal 6 .

[0065] The negative pulse input terminal includes a third input terminal 3 and a fourth input terminal 4 .

[0066] The third input terminal 3 is an inner conductor of the second pulse input terminal, and the fourth input terminal 4 is an outer conductor of the second pulse input terminal.

[0067] The third input terminal 3 and the fourth input terminal 4 are electrically connected to the output ends of the external negative pulse generator respectively.

[0068] The outer conductor of the second pulse output terminal 6 is electrically connected to the outer conductor of the first pulse output terminal 5. The outer conductors of the two coaxial transmission lines are electrically connected, and the two inner copper cores are connected to the load as two terminals of the pulse output end.

[0069] An inner conductor of the second pulse output terminal 6 is connected to a load.

[0070] The first coaxial transmission line 7 and the second coaxial transmission line 8 are symmetrically wound on both sides of the magnetic ring 9 .

[0071] When working, the first pulse output terminal 5 and the second pulse output terminal 6 are connected to the two ends of the load respectively, and the output end of the balanced conversion power directional coupler is connected to a 100 ohm thick film non-inductive resistor. The circuit connection schematic diagram and the prototype are shown in Figure 2 , 4 As shown. The first input terminal 1 and the second input terminal 2 are connected to a pulse generator that generates positive pulses, and the first coaxial transmission line 7 receives the positive pulse transmitted by the external positive pulse generator. The third input terminal 3 and the fourth input terminal 4 are connected to a pulse generator that generates negative pulses, and the second coaxial transmission line 8 receives the negative pulse transmitted by the external negative pulse generator. The first coaxial transmission line 7 and the second coaxial transmission line 8 work together to convert two unbalanced positive pulses and negative pulses into one positive and negative balanced pulse, and the positive and negative balanced pulses act on the load to achieve linear voltage multiplication.

[0072] Embodiment 3:

[0073] A balanced conversion power directional coupler for linear superposition of short pulse power, the main structure of which is shown in Example 2, wherein there is no electrical connection between the coaxial transmission line and the magnetic ring 9.

[0074] Embodiment 4:

[0075] A balanced conversion power directional coupler for short pulse power linear superposition, the main structure of which is shown in Example 2, wherein the magnetic ring 9 comprises an annular ferrite core. The magnetic ring uses an annular ferrite core with high magnetic permeability to ensure that the invention device has a high bandwidth.

[0076] Embodiment 5:

[0077] The principle diagram and the actual object of the balanced conversion power directional coupler proposed by the present invention are respectively as follows: Figure 1 , 3 As shown, ports 1 and 2 constitute positive pulse input terminals, ports 3 and 4 constitute negative pulse input terminals, and ports 5 and 6 constitute pulse output terminals. The directional coupler can realize the linear power synthesis of two inductive energy storage type pulse forming lines (pulse generators) that generate positive and negative pulses. The implementation method is described in detail below.

[0078] The pulse output port of an inductive energy storage type pulse forming line generating a positive pulse is electrically connected to the positive pulse input terminal (ports 1 and 2) of the balanced conversion power directional coupler, and the pulse output port of another inductive energy storage type pulse forming line generating a negative pulse is electrically connected to the negative pulse input terminal (ports 1 and 2) of the balanced conversion power directional coupler. The output terminal of the balanced conversion power directional coupler is connected to a 100 ohm thick film non-inductive resistor. The circuit connection schematic diagram and the prototype are shown as follows: Figure 2 , 4 shown.

[0079] In the experiment, a PPE5kV (LeCroy, 6kV, 400MHz) high-voltage passive probe was used to measure the output voltage pulse. The probe was connected through a ground spring pin to minimize the parasitic inductance of the measurement loop. The control signal generator used an arbitrary / function generator (Tektronix, AFG31000), and the oscilloscope used for waveform recording was WavePro 760Zi-A (LeCroy, 6GHz). The control signal generator was used to simultaneously give trigger signals to two inductive energy storage pulse forming lines, generating two synchronous positive and negative pulses, namely, ports 1 and 2 were positive pulses, and ports 3 and 4 were negative pulses. The voltage pulse waveforms were as follows: Figure 5 , 6 As shown, the pulse amplitudes are +1kV and -1kV respectively, and the pulse width is 20ns.

[0080] Use a voltage probe to measure the voltage on the 100 ohm load at the output end of the balanced power directional coupler (ports 5 and 6). The voltage waveform is as follows: Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the voltage amplitude is 2kV, which is twice the amplitude of the front-end voltage pulse, and the pulse width is 20ns. Therefore, the balanced conversion power directional coupler can achieve linear power synthesis of short pulses (tens of ns).

[0081] The present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and propose a balanced conversion power directional coupler for linear superposition of short pulse power. The invention includes the following parts:

[0082] 1. The present invention is characterized in that it comprises two pulse input terminals, one pulse output terminal, one magnetic ring, and two coaxial transmission lines; wherein the two coaxial transmission lines are symmetrically wound around the two sides of the magnetic ring, and there is no electrical connection between the coaxial transmission lines and the magnetic ring.

[0083] 2. The two pulse input ends of the balanced conversion power directional coupler are terminals on the same side of two coaxial transmission lines, one terminal is electrically connected to the output end of a pulse generator that generates a positive pulse, and the other terminal is electrically connected to the output end of a pulse generator that generates a negative pulse.

[0084] 3. A pulse output end of the balanced conversion power directional coupler is constructed as follows: the outer conductors of two coaxial transmission lines are electrically connected, and the two inner copper cores are connected to the load as two terminals of the pulse output end;

[0085] 4. The magnetic ring uses a ring-shaped ferrite core with a higher magnetic permeability to ensure that the device of the invention has a higher bandwidth;

[0086] 5. The coaxial transmission line is a transmission line with a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms;

[0087] 6. The two coaxial transmission lines transmit positive and negative pulses respectively, realizing the conversion of two unbalanced positive pulses and negative pulses into one positive and negative balanced pulse. The positive and negative balanced pulses have strong anti-interference ability during the transmission process, and finally act on the load to realize linear multiplication of voltage.

Claims

1. A balanced conversion power directional coupler for short pulse power linear superposition, characterized in that: include: A first coaxial transmission line (7), a second coaxial transmission line (8) and a magnetic ring (9); The first coaxial transmission line (7) and the second coaxial transmission line (8) comprise an inner conductor and an outer conductor wrapping the inner conductor; One end of the first coaxial transmission line (7) is recorded as a positive pulse input terminal, and the other end is recorded as a first pulse output terminal (5); The positive pulse input terminal comprises a first input terminal (1) and a second input terminal (2); The first input terminal (1) is an inner conductor of the first pulse input end, and the second input terminal (2) is an outer conductor of the first pulse input end; The first input terminal (1) and the second input terminal (2) are electrically connected to the output end of the external positive pulse generator respectively; The internal conductor of the first pulse output terminal (5) is connected to a load; One end of the second coaxial transmission line (8) is recorded as a negative pulse input terminal, and the other end is recorded as a second pulse output terminal (6); The negative pulse input terminal comprises a third input terminal (3) and a fourth input terminal (4); The third input terminal (3) is an inner conductor of the second pulse input end, and the fourth input terminal (4) is an outer conductor of the second pulse input end; The third input terminal (3) and the fourth input terminal (4) are electrically connected to the output end of the external negative pulse generator respectively; The outer conductor of the second pulse output terminal (6) is electrically connected to the outer conductor of the first pulse output terminal (5); The internal conductor of the second pulse output terminal (6) is connected to a load; The first coaxial transmission line (7) and the second coaxial transmission line (8) are symmetrically wound on two sides of the magnetic ring (9); When in operation, the first pulse output terminal (5) and the second pulse output terminal (6) are respectively connected to two ends of a load, the first input terminal (1) and the second input terminal (2) are connected to a pulse generator that generates a positive pulse, and the first coaxial transmission line (7) receives a positive pulse transmitted by the external positive pulse generator; the third input terminal (3) and the fourth input terminal (4) are connected to a pulse generator that generates a negative pulse, and the second coaxial transmission line (8) receives a negative pulse transmitted by the external negative pulse generator; The first coaxial transmission line (7) and the second coaxial transmission line (8) work together to convert two unbalanced positive pulses and negative pulses into one positive and negative balanced pulse, and apply the positive and negative balanced pulses to the load to achieve linear voltage multiplication.

2. A balanced conversion power directional coupler for short pulse power linear superposition according to claim 1, characterized in that: There is no electrical connection between the first coaxial transmission line (7) and the magnetic ring (9); There is no electrical connection between the second coaxial transmission line (8) and the magnetic ring (9).

3. A balanced conversion power directional coupler for short pulse power linear superposition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic ring (9) comprises an annular ferrite core.

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